Gillian Toole
Meath East · Independent · Ireland
“It made a significant contribution to discussions around the introduction of mandatory digital devices in post-primary education. It highlighted parental concerns regarding the cost and compulsory purchase. The roll-out was halted in 2020 with the Covid-19 pandemic and remote learning and having one's own device become an essential.”
“I am thankful for the opportunity to discuss this important matter. I acknowledge the massive improvements that have been made. The national broadband plan is almost complete. Massive inroads have been made in my home county of Meath, including in the roll-out and the access it provides.”
“I apologise if I am repeating what other Members have gone through. The information is there. The plan and suggestions are effectively worked out for us. What we need now is to expand on the policy.”
“Like it or not, it may mean pulling back from the commercial one-to-one contract between the family and the provider and centralising it. That will encompass centralised State procurement, standardised device specifications and collective purchasing arrangements, having guidelines, and having additional targeted financial supports for sch…”
“I raise intergenerational music sessions, and we spoke about young people and their involvement earlier. These are also pivotal. It could be listening only, listening and singing, singing along or watching a choir. These will all help improve the multiple memory systems from episodic, semantic to implicit memory.”
“The reduction is significant - around 30% for developing cognitive impairment, 23% for all-cause dementia and 34% for Alzheimer's disease. Arts are linked to demonstrable neurological changes in the brain, lower deposits of amyloid beta, and lower numbers of lesions in the white matter of the brain.”
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“We are absolutely united in the spirit of getting this project progressed. Again, I would push the case in this instance based on the financial implications and the history of the project. There is no doubt of the intention in the programme for Government, where the intention is to communicate, collaborate and encourage more interdepartmental and intradepartmental collaboration. That is why I make the suggestion for alternative funding streams so it is not just limited to the FET fund. On 24 February 2022, the Minister's predecessor and now Tánaiste, Deputy Harris, gave a commitment on record and on film, stating that he was delighted to confirm there is ring-fenced funding in place for the delivery of a purpose-built college for Dunboyne College. I am just asking for the honouring of the single-phase delivery of the project.”
“I plead for the single-phase case because this process began in 2015 and there has been a lot of toing and froing with the Department. There has been significant engagement, including by staff members whose core function is the education of the students, whom they highly value.”
“I thank the Minister of State for the updated information. I reiterate that this college is delivering. At various times in this Chamber, we have discussed the need for occupational therapists, speech and language therapists and the development of apprenticeship programmes, as well as construction studies. LMETB colleges can deliver that. This process began in 2015, when Dunboyne was added to the building list of the then Department of Education and Skills. Currently, the rent roll is just short of €100 million a year to 23 landlords. That includes transportation costs. It is unsustainable. The college is operating from an industrial estate where numerous health and safety issues arise. It is an absolute waste of money.”
“I wish to ask both the Minister and the Minister of State the timeline for the single-phase delivery of the new campus for Dunboyne College of Further Education and Training, Dunboyne, County Meath, to be funded from as many relevant streams as possible, including but not limited to SOLAS, sports capital funding, national training funding and national development plan funding. This college began with 50 students and two courses and it currently has 1,300 students, 70 courses and 45 apprenticeships.”
“A balance between commerce, economics, well-being and indeed life and death must be the bedrock of this 21st century. I would refer Members to Rutger Bregman's book, Utopia for Realists . Enough is enough now. Hamas's cause has gained exponentially from the barbaric atrocities carried out by Israel against the most vulnerable Palestinian children, older people and women. The Arab countries' agreement on a joint plan for the reconstruction of Gaza is welcome and urgent. I fear that Israel's future and especially that of the lives of its innocent citizens hangs in the balance. They will become more exposed and vulnerable because of warmongering, provocative and lethal actions. The ceasefire is required now. Let aid and food through to the Palestinian people.”
“As a teenager, I was angered, interested and repulsed by the atrocities of the Second World War, as experienced through history classes, documentaries, Anne Frank's diaries and, in later years, exacerbated by visits to Auschwitz-Birkenau, Dachau and Treblinka. Surely this would not and could not happen again. An end to man's inhumanity to man, morality and Maslow would ensure that we had moved on, but no. The daily news reports and images, and the evocative and graphic contributions by Members are proof positive that we do not learn from history. The announcement of the review of the EU-Israel Association Agreement yesterday is welcome but I am sad to say it is long overdue. Sanctions against Russia were implemented with urgency. Why not against Israel?”
“It is also essential that we have continuous consultation with the producers and farm families. On diversification and rotation of crops, our history of famine reminds us of the importance of diversification, but if we do not have the land use review and that segregation made known, we are into dodgy territory.”
“The solutions to these challenges lie within Irish agriculture, practised and lived by Irish farm families. Their future depends on balanced regional development. A subject I have raised here through other mechanisms is the land use review phase 2 and what stage it is at. We are very much aware of the proliferation and necessity of renewable energy production, particularly solar. In my county of Meath, particularly south-east Meath, we have an unregulated and disproportionate development of what are called solar farms but what I would call solar industrial development. I am not against renewables, but vis-à-vis the point about balance, excellent tillage land is no longer being used for cereal production. It is now under solar. Balanced land use is essential for food production.”
“I hope so. Gabhaim búiochas leis an gCeann Comhairle agus an Aire. I intend to share time with my colleague and therefore I have cut my cloth appropriately, so indulge me. My background is in healthcare, and a maxim of healthcare is "Let food be your medicine". In these times, food production and security, farm families and appropriate balanced land use are of paramount importance to Ireland. We live in a time of increasing ultraprocessed food, chronic diseases and climate challenges from increasing production and globalisation. These challenges require the ability to adapt and change course quickly. In that context, will there be an interim CAP review before 2027 in order that Ireland can pivot, if necessary, in the face of these challenges?”
“It is highly impactful, with delays for apprentices, for students getting to college, for the carers of those who are most vulnerable, or for carers who are non-Irish nationals and are waiting for their test in order to travel to clients. I will end on this point. I do not mean to be challenging, but who will take this problem by the scruff of the neck as a matter of urgency and sort it out?”
“Déanaim comhghairdeas leis an Aire Stáit. Again, on this subject, we have unity in the House. We have a shambolic and an extortionate process that must change as a matter of urgency. I will ask a few questions as to why. Is there a problem with testers? Are there human resource issues? Is it population increase related? Is it a symptom of a public transport deficit? If we do not analyse the reasons, then we will not come to timely solutions. Taking County Meath in its entirety, one test centre in Navan has a 42-week to 43-week wait time. Believe it or not, Meath is actually classed as a rural county so the necessity for driving and driver permits is extremely important. Apprenticeships were referenced.”
“Even as I reference the ETBs the University of Ulster is already trying to attract students from my local ETB further education courses with various bursary and rent-free incentives. This is something we need to monitor. Going forward we must ensure there is adequate resourcing of higher education and research by the State. We must also ensure there is balanced and unbiased education to ensure the well-being of all members of our community.”
“Déanaim comhghairdeas leis an Aire agus leis an Aire Stáit. I should stick to the title of economic enabler, but the social care benefits to be gained from the power of further and higher education cannot be ignored. Not a day goes by in this Chamber or in our communities that we do not discuss the plight of children with additional needs and special abilities. We get briefings from various healthcare groups and support groups on the stark realities of life for our ageing population. These vulnerable children and adults require additional supports from occupational and speech therapists, special needs assistants and carers. The education and training boards delivering further education courses and work experience opportunities to students can provide graduates in these areas of critical social need.”
“Ultimately, what will the actions going forward be to ensure that Grace's experience never happens again to any other vulnerable child or adult? I hope that lessons are learned. I was disappointed not to get onto the health committee but, on reflection, being involved on the disability committee, I hope with all the statements here that we take action on that committee and make progress.”
“We are left, at the end of 2,000 pages, a €13 million expenditure, and the protracted duration of the inquiry, with questions rather than answers. Will this process give confidence to other whistleblowers to come forward? As we move forward, based on the experience of Grace and her family, will we have the confidence that this will not happen again? We know there is a crisis in the foster care system whereby people are slow to come forward for many reasons. This situation and report are off-putting, to say the least. That is by no means strong enough language for the situation, but in the Louth-Meath area and HSE CHO area, foster families are in a crisis situation. I wonder about the knock-on effects.”
“It stated, "Non-speaking people deserve the same access to justice as every other person living in this state." Will there be a full investigation? What is the rationale for the omission of Grace's voice, given that there are alternative means of communication in the era of technology? From my other work, I am familiar with the area of human resources. That brings me to competency and capability of those within the system. We often bandy the words "the system" about here but at the end of the day, it comes down to people. What supports did people have to ensure they could come forward if they had concerns? What performance reviews were carried out? What training was identified? What was the oversight process? What happens next?”
“In the absence of being able to communicate those needs or the experiences that she had over those years in foster care, the very fact that the HSE reports on all of that were excluded and the fact that other ways of communications were not sought, for example, spelling to communicate, art therapy and all of those newer therapies that we now know can be implemented to help people who cannot speak and are non-verbal to communicate, and in an era where these are gold standards that we are trying to bring into the mainstream through schools, it is shameful that Grace's voice has been left out of all of this. How do we go forward from here and improve the situation? The opinion of Inclusion Ireland is particularly relevant.”
“In the case of the Farrelly commission report, the phrase "Man's inhumanity to man" springs to mind. Ordinarily, that is reserved for mistreatment during warfare, but it is very relevant in this instance. The value that we have placed on people, that was placed on Grace, the social care teams and the members of those teams who came forward in a whistleblowing capacity and the tenet of treating others the way we want to be treated have been completely ignored on so many levels. How do we move forward from this? Grace's needs as a person were quite simple and sensory-based. She wanted her hair and nails done.”
“From an understanding and fairness perspective, through all of the European endeavours, we retain and celebrate our Irish heritage. There should not be a dumbing down, whether through integration or otherwise. We must retain our Irishness. Equally, we respect the heritage and culture of other people we encounter throughout the European project.”
“However, we are in the space of disinformation and misinformation. Knowledge is power and where people have more information there is more understanding. I would definitely advocate that we go back to communities, maybe through the roadshow format or through the local authorities, and begin that piece. Back 45 or 50 years ago in primary school there was such a subject as civics. At the time it was the EEC that we learned about. It is a particular area of interest. Not to duplicate but on Mercosur, there is the issue of balance for all member states. There are huge advantages to some but there has to be a balance to others. It is a massive piece in respect of food security and stability, disease control, health and migration, another essential piece.”
“The documents and supports available to us on different issues are absolutely fantastic. We possibly take them for granted. When I go back to Meath East and we have different conversations, perhaps on the doorsteps or when people approach me on the street, I note a gap in the level of understanding and awareness. I wonder about education. It could be through schools, when our MEPs return, which would offer an opportunity to give information on Europe Day and on the legal framework and things like why we transpose directives and what are the different pieces of legislation, what they go through, whether they are directly transposed and if there is a debate here . We could use it as an opportunity for education. That may help dispel some of the scepticism that is creeping in. Some of it is warranted and some of it is not.”
“However, like any good project, whether family, business, school, community or island group, everything should be subject to review, re-evaluation and consultation with communities. I heard others refer to consultation and communities, and, as the Cathaoirleach Gníomhach, Deputy Connolly, would say, the importance of going back to them and consulting them. I know from the Europe Day website of the many activities over this week. The ECB, the Commission, the Parliament and different agencies have exhibitions, roadshows, etc., but the offering here, unless I missed it, is quite limited. I spoke about consultation and community. I detect there is a little scepticism coming in because of a lack of understanding. I must credit the Oireachtas Library and Research Service.”
“To celebrate unity and long-term peace with the objectives of integration and democratic co-operation were the objectives of Europe Day and of Robert Schuman in particular with his declaration in 1950. These are very noble objectives which are essential to underpin the coalescence and co-operation of European countries over the past 75 years. A bugbear of mine is the focus on, and at times an obsession with, economic endeavours. The Schuman Declaration came about in 1950, bringing peace to Europe. It was unpinned by the process of negotiation over coal and steel, with the end result that there would not be warfare and to achieve peace through an economic background. It was quite risky at the time but it has been successful. Ireland has been a grateful and significant beneficiary of its involvement in the European project.”
“Again, Meath East is seriously impacted, with a proliferation of solar farms, gas generation and battery storage facilities. There is no balance there. Finally, will there be financial penalties for local authorities that do not adhere to the NPF or the regional spatial and economic strategies? Otherwise, we have learned nothing from the mistakes of the past.”
“Infrastructure, including transport infrastructure, from a climate perspective and from the point of view of connectivity of communities with their places of work, leisure, health needs, etc., must be a priority. All this, however, is entirely dependent on interdepartmental and interagency co-operation and collaboration. Without that, this will be doomed. I will highlight two key areas: the high-quality international connectivity and Dublin Airport. There is a serious issue with a breach of planning permission there from the north runway which is seriously impacting residents in Meath East, but there is a solution that will allow the growth in connectivity and mitigate the current situation. As regards the transition to a climate-resilient society, when will phase 2 of the land use review be published?”
“Gabhaim buíochas leis an Aire Stáit as a bheith anseo um thráthnóna. I welcome the updated draft of the NPF. There are several opportunities here to correct the mistakes of the tiger times. I speak as somebody from east Meath, a commuter county which has been seriously impacted. I sincerely hope the concerns of residents will be listened to and opportunities that present will be enacted. The focus on compact growth and community infrastructure is highly commendable. It is essential that age-friendly housing is the priority there in terms of brownfield and whatever incentivisation is used for the development of brownfield and town centre sites.”
“There is a school where there is a practitioner - a primary school teacher with additional training - who is training others. Such initiatives can be implemented within two to three months. We have the general agreement and support. What is missing? Is it competency or an attitudinal problem at senior levels within the Department? I am not saying it is, but I am asking the question. To me, that is the reason we are not moving beyond good intentions, experience, lived experience and working models and that we cannot put them into action. If it is the case that it is an attitudinal and competency problem, I am afraid that is a nettle the Minister of State and his colleagues, whose commitment I do not doubt for one minute, must grasp. As others have said, this is a repetitive subject.”
“There are colleges of further education and training offering speech and language therapy and occupational therapy courses in Dunboyne, County Meath, for example. Can their work placements be extended to local national schools? I wish to reference nurture rooms for time out. I am making my comments primarily about mainstream schools. We all appreciate the efforts that will be made and the allocation of therapists to special schools, but there are children in mainstream education who require interim and intermittent supports. There are also wellbeing classes that can be operated that are already in existence, for example, in St. James's in Dublin 8. I can provide the Minister of State with a list of schools in County Meath.”
“Gabhaim buíochas leis an gCathaoirleach Gníomhach agus leis an Aire as a bheith anseo inniu. I will be brief, in case my colleague comes in. There is agreement and unity across the House on this most serious and life-changing issue for the youngest in our population. I will confine my comments to suggestions of things that are already working in communities in Meath East and can be extended. This suggestion is not in place, but why can the treatment purchase scheme and treatment abroad scheme not be extended to the purchase of the assessment of need from the private sector, with parents refunded retrospectively? If we can do it for health and operations outside the State, why can we not do it for the services of professionals within the State, to whom we have given their credentials?”
“I refer to something that we have all dealt with, even in the short time I have been here, in terms of future-proofing and forward planning, namely nourishment, food and food production. When we think of infancy and the sequence of life from the cradle to the grave, the common denominator is food. When we go back to the founding father of medicine, Hippocrates, he said, "Let food be thy medicine". Another matter that we have to take account of is food production, particularly in the context of nourishment and where it has an impact. I refer here to the online advertising of food and drink products to children and the impact on their emotional well-being and sensory and intellectual abilities. That is taking children's health in the broadest sense.”
“The attendance piece, the accountability, the reporting back and the flagging of issues are extremely important in the context of moving forward in a productive manner while prioritising, above all else, the health of the children of this country. Appropriate board membership is an absolute essential for CHI, as is the adequate resourcing of the front-line teams within the organisation, in the new children's hospital and in the satellite units in Tallaght, Drogheda and elsewhere. There must be particular focus on built-in capacity to deal with absences. I will go a little off point and talk about CHI in the broad sense as opposed to focusing on the situation in the hospitals.”
“Gabhaim buíochas leis na hAirí as ucht bheith anseo um thráthnóna. In relation to CHI, I concur with everything I have heard since coming to the Chamber and in the snatches I heard throughout the afternoon when I was no in attendance. Rather than repeat what has been said by colleagues, I will focus on a few areas that I would like to see prioritised. One of them follows on from this afternoon's reform committee meeting. I refer to the formation and the commencement of the committees, particularly the health committee and the children's and disability committees and the fact that there will be regular attendance at those committees by the management of CHI and the HSE and departmental officials.”
“In 2015, it enacted the Well-being of Future Generations (Wales) Act. It looks at every Government department and Parliament department and plans ahead for two to three generations. We have that opportunity in Ireland because we tend to have multiple steps forward and many more backwards. While the language in the motion is "threat", I would cross-check that with the acronym of SWOT. In the threat, there is an opportunity and in the weakness there is strength. Ní neart go chur le chéile.”
“Even in the age of artificial intelligence and digitisation, at the end of the day, people are central to this. We cannot have a minimisation of services. Healthcare, education, community safety, public transport, and housing are areas we discuss here daily and that we hear about in our community clinics. They cannot be sacrificed. There are opportunities to make savings and we must utilise every one of them. The cost of living has been mentioned by colleagues, as has the area of renewable energy. State investment in that is essential. We cannot allow other jurisdictions to have the majority shareholding. The developer-led model of renewable energy as it currently stands must be investigated and Irish State investment in it must be worked towards. My final point is about what the Welsh Parliament has done.”
“Again, we pulled together by breaking down the essentials, minimising waste and streamlining the paperwork. Let us cross-reference that with the programme for Government and the messages coming from Europe at the moment about minimising bureaucracy, streamlining red tape and making it easier for business to take place. That process will relieve to a certain extent the burden on the teams of people who have to deliver the different work streams. Many members have spoken about another area we need to look at, which is local authority waste, different Departments and State and semi-State organisations. Do we need to look at incentivising or penalising senior management? Accountability and all these areas are relevant. Key to all this is people.”
“I will go back to small businesses and homes. I remember opening a small business back in the early 1990s and Blanchardstown shopping centre came on stream. It was only an approximately 15 minute drive up the road. That was a threat. It forced me to look at the operations of the business and the conditions and terms of the fantastic team I had with me, many of whom are still with the current owner. It focused the mind on waste, paperwork and the conditions of those working on the team, such as how we got along together, what their needs were, whether their needs were met and, in tandem or balance with that, how we served the customer in a healthcare environment that is heavily regulated, but we got through it. Another threat came along in the foot and mouth epidemic.”
“Gabhaim buíochas to the Independent Technical Group for tabling this motion for discussion this morning. I will make it slightly smaller and more personal. If you run a home or small business, the word "threat" is also frequently used. There may be internal or external threats. Threat is one part of the business and sporting acronym, SWOT, which stands for strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. I am a firm believer that where there is a threat there is also an opportunity and where there is a weakness there is a strength. We need to be careful about the language we use and about personal commentary on leaders of other areas. At the end of the day, we will still have to sit down and negotiate. We have to stick to the facts and leave personal commentary out of it because it is all observed.”
“That is the common thread here whereby we must have inter- and intra-government and State and semi-State agencies working together because ultimately, mol an óige agus tiocfaidh sí.”
“It is not necessarily the big ticket items; it is funding towards buses, tickets to the cinema, hiring astroturf, hiring sports halls, activity centres and yes, it is the increase in Garda resources and the wraparound services. As has been said, this is about the mental health supports, the youth workers themselves, drug awareness programmes and the Comhairle na n-Óg programme through the local authorities as well. I learned today at an excellent briefing in the audiovisual room on a publication by Trinity College Dublin about untreated ADHD and the risk factors with substance misuse and then following on from that the likelihood of engaging in crime. These are the themes we have discussed this week regarding the overlap with special education provision, family resource services, special community employment schemes.”
“Mol an óige agus tiocfaidh sí. Is fíor an seanfhocal sin. I commend and thank the youth diversion project teams, particularly in County Meath, and juvenile liaison officers Garda Barbara Kelly and Garda Aisling Connor in Meath north and Meath south, who are doing fantastic work. I also commend the probation service officers, Louth Meath Education and Training Board, public representatives and the young people themselves who engage. We are grateful for the investment and increased funding in County Meath received towards the end of last year. However, the common thread in the room is that more resources are necessary.”
“County Wicklow, in particular, is served, as is County Kildare, but County Meath has no hostel accommodation. It is not that this is a direction we want to be going in, but where people are vulnerable with addiction and mental health problems and where there are revolving-door circumstances, a hostel is probably one of the first steps in providing emergency accommodation.”
“Effectively, there is a collective mortgage rather than individual mortgages, and mutual home ownership society members contribute financially on the basis of their income levels. A typical contribution is 35% of net household income. Closer to home is the example of the low-impact living affordable community, LILAC, project in Leeds. Bizarrely, I was given this information seven or eight years ago at a briefing that former Minister, Eoghan Murphy held here for councillors. Again, the model is based on mutual home ownership. This is an area that is forgotten and that I referenced in my contribution on the programme for Government. Hostel provision in the commuter counties is a sad reflection of where we are but it is necessary in the stepwise approach to accommodation.”
“Similar to section 23 in the past, it would have very targeted conditions, possibly age friendly or possibly housing appropriate for ages 25 to 45. This would be multipurpose in terms of passive surveillance in town and city centres. It would also bring older people closer to communities, to medical services and to all of the State services they might require. A possible amendment to the planning Act would be required vis-à-vis fire safety regulations, which is all possible. There are two examples I would cite. I will always look to other jurisdictions, whether it is in respect of neurolinguistic programming or otherwise, and ask who is in a similar situation and where best practice is. The Danish andelsbolig model entails a type of mutual homeownership but specifically involves repurposing former commercial or heritage properties.”
“Go raibh maith ag an Leas-Cheann Comhairle, ag an Aire agus ag Teachta Healy chun a bheith in ann caint sa díospóireacht seo. I will make just a couple of points possibly by way of solution. Number one is to deal with the most recent planning Act around commencements. Currently when planning permission is granted there is five years to construct. If the commencement period was altered to within 18 months anybody applying for planning permission would already have financing place. We have an active situation in Ratoath, County Meath, where it not about land hoarding but it is actually planning permission hoarding. The permission is being sat on and then moved on just at the eleventh hour. A second possible suggestion is vis-à-vis the live-over-the-shop scheme, which is part of the programme for Government.”
“All of that makes me question the basic functioning of this Dáil. On each occasion there has been an ignoring of the requests of the Ceann Comhairle and what is set out in the dignity and respect document, which represents the very basic foundation of how we are to behave in the House, this behaviour happened when children were in the Gallery. The word that was shouted was "shame". Well, have a look at where the shame should lie.”
“In effect, what I have experienced in the past four months has been nothing other than an attempt to bully and harass by way of name calling, shouting, body language and references to lackeys, underlings, lads and, to top it all today, a reference to being intellectually inferior. How dare Members on that side of the House do so?”
“I will be guided by the Clerk of the Dáil as to whether due process has been followed by the Ceann Comhairle since December 2024. The advice that was issued was that she did follow due process. For that reason, I support her in her office. I was elected to the House to work on behalf of the constituents of Meath East, to find and provide solutions to the serious challenges facing Ireland and her people, and I was happy to contribute to the programme for Government to that end. In December, I received a dignity and respect document from the Houses of the Oireachtas Commission, as I am sure did all colleagues.”
“To cross-check that with the programme for Government, there is a stated objective for expansion and development in the area of orphan drugs and clinical trials. The legislation around that in this country dates back to 1986. While European legislation is a bit younger, it is an area that needs to be strengthened and modernised for Ireland to go down that route as a stated objective over the next five years.”
“Thus far the European Union has spent approximately €135 billion in support of the Ukrainian effort. While it is premature, I am just wondering if the Commission has considered, similar to the US, the thought of a repayment plan or indeed any type of cross-investment or resource access? It is premature but, in light of the conversations vis-à-vis tariffs and the pending uncertainty of future trade with the US, I would imagine we are thinking in terms of a wider interdependency and movement of funding from member states collectively. I ask the Minister of State to pardon my naivety or ignorance in my second question. There are different agendas for the different Council meetings. I am wondering how often the healthcare piece appears on the agenda.”
“In parts of our constituency of Meath East, we have a proliferation of solar panels. I do not want the wrong message to be taken from this, but there is a need for balanced development and for a land use policy. Many vibrant and prosperous rural communities are very worried about this matter at present. Energy union endeavours vis-à-vis Ireland and our rising energy costs are absolutely to be welcomed and we must feel the benefit of that. At a side committee of the Euro summit, on 20 March, in relation to the ECB, Ms Christine Lagarde made a presentation on the digital euro. While I completely understand and support digitisation, I raise a flag of caution here vis-à-vis our older people. It is a simple request to ensure they are able to access their own resources. That is a concern.”