James Geoghegan
Dublin Bay South · Fine Gael · Ireland
“I say, in a non-partisan way, that it would be helpful if other political parties carried out an exercise similar to the one we are carrying out and if they presented different papers.”
“I welcome the opportunity to debate such a significant issue. It is helpful that this debate is being framed from a line Department perspective in that it has begun by looking at the fiscal implications of a united Ireland. It would be helpful if we also had a debate on the implications for education and health of a united Ireland.”
“Obviously, none of that will be sufficient unless we can demonstrate to every community in Northern Ireland that the country will be an inclusive place, but we in Ireland have shown just how inclusive we can be. I am 41 years old.”
“With the passage of time, however, any fair and impartial observer would recognise that institutional benefit of ensuring that Ireland and the United Kingdom had a joint role in the affairs of Northern Ireland proved to be instrumental in all the subsequent peace agreements we ultimately arrived at.”
“However, nobody can underestimate the challenges the State faces in persuading a population that is very sceptical that we would we welcome them to this country and that we could provide a state that would function.”
“He highlighted the euro, which is important. If we think back to the Scottish referendum, one of the biggest reasons it failed was because the Scottish people were not certain whether they were going to have the British pound or the euro.”
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“We are certainly not there yet, and this week is a reminder of the challenges we face, but I am very proud that An Garda Síochána does not discriminate between what is taking place online and what is taking place within the real world. From the remarks that were made in the Oireachtas committee yesterday, it is quite clear that the gardaí in this country will be carrying out the laws that have been initiated in these Chambers to their fullest when it comes to any illegal behaviour that takes place, whether it is Grok or any other AI provider out there. They must comply with the laws of this country, and we must ensure that when it comes to the EU regulations we are introducing here, Ireland becomes a beacon, a global leader, for regulatory enforcement.”
“What has happened this week is a stark reminder of the challenges and the risks we face with AI. We know what the public think about AI. In every poll in this country, in the United States, all around the world, people are fearful of AI. The majority of people are fearful of AI, and it is our job in this Chamber to ensure that as AI is introduced into society and into our State, we regulate it in an appropriate way so we can harness its benefits. I am extremely proud of Ireland's membership of the European Union. I am extremely proud that the European Union, in great distinction from the United States and China, is adapting a regulatory approach to AI.”
“I welcome the opportunity that has been afforded to all Members of the Dáil to speak on AI. I particularly welcome it in my capacity as Vice Chair of the Oireachtas AI committee. A few moments ago there was a school of young children sitting in the Gallery. I am fairly certain that somebody here thought it wise to perhaps say that this was not a debate that their ears should be listening to in the context of what we have heard this week, so a simple act of child safeguarding took place and the children left the Gallery a few moments ago. It really beggars belief that an AI provider, a global organisation, a multibillion-dollar organisation, cannot implement the most basic levels of children's safeguards in the operation of what it is trying to produce.”
“The vacant home refurbishment grant has been a hugely successful lever for dealing with the scourge of vacancy and dereliction as there have been over 15,000 applications. However, it was reported during the week that there is a proposal to cap the grant at €650,000, which would have a hugely disproportionate impact on Dublin where close to one in four properties currently would not be eligible to receive that grant. I would ask bluntly whether this figure is under consideration. I hope it is not. I really hope a decision is not taken to cap the vacant refurbishment grant at a level that would reduce the number of houses, particularly at a time when the Minister for housing has acknowledged that dereliction in its own right is a form of antisocial behaviour and that we are trying to get people back living in the city centre.”
“It will take time to ensure the appropriate staff are resourced and, if there is a more prescriptive measure in terms of how age is to be assessed, to ensure training would accompany such regulations. All of that is welcome but will take a lot of time. It is important the Minister for justice indicates what will happen on an interim basis, pending the introduction of this new regime. It seems Tusla is very concerned about this issue and about its responsibilities in ensuring it is protecting every person who is presumed to be a child when he or she arrives to Tusla as an unaccompanied minor. Then, on the other side of the equation, there is the issue of where Tusla may have identified somebody as not being a child who enters into adult services but it is later proven that person is a child and remitted to child services.”
“I thank the Minister of State for this very comprehensive reply given on behalf of the Minister, Deputy O'Callaghan. The challenge, as we await new legislation and what seems to be a new announcement I had not seen before, is that age assessment will be governed by regulations pursuant to this new legislation, the International Protection Bill, but the number of unaccompanied minors does not appear to be on the decline. In fact, it seems to be the opposite. The risks will continue to rise and while I understand every effort has been made to initiate and get this Bill through - perhaps even in the first half of next year - as the Minister of State knows, it will take time to commence relevant provisions and for the determining authority to be established.”
“The truth is that we have a real challenge. We are looking after up to 600 unaccompanied minors, some of whom will have come from devastated parts of the world, and some of whom, no doubt, will have gone through traumatic journeys, where the risk of trafficking is significant. Now, added to that, we have the admitted concern that there are adults in the centres where there are children. What needs to happen is an intervention whereby we can get clarity as to who is carrying out age verification and how it is going to be properly invested in and resourced.”
“Its job is to look after some of the most vulnerable children in this country, no matter what nationality the child may be, no matter in what circumstances the child entered its services. There is now this additional challenging issue. Perhaps this is why it has not come to the fore previously but it has now. The issue is that the number of unaccompanied minors seeking international protection in Ireland has risen significantly at a time when the overall number of people seeking international protection is on the decline. At a time when we have enough accommodation to accommodate persons seeking international protection in this country, it is on the increase when it comes to unaccompanied minors. In the past year, there has been a 13.5% increase in the number of unaccompanied minors seeking international protection.”
“However, when the Department wrote back to the committee several weeks later, it acknowledged that as a matter of law - the laws that have been passed in the Dáil, Seanad and Houses of the Oireachtas - the legal responsibility for carrying out age verification is, in fact, vested in the Department of justice and the Minister for justice. It has been the practice for at least a decade that Tusla and its predecessors have, effectively, been given this function as an outsourcing function. When we think about what Tusla's responsibilities are, they are not to carry out legalistic determinations as to whether or not the people who are in its services require its services.”
“Today, we have the figures, given in response to a parliamentary question, that there are over 200 people who Tusla has identified as, in fact, being adults, not children, and who have resided in a centre designed for children with international protection applicants who are unaccompanied minors. This is a real child safeguarding issue. My concern is that it appears two State agencies - Tusla and the Department of justice - are somewhat at loggerheads and in dispute. Some weeks after the appearance of Tusla before the Committee of Public Accounts, we heard from the Department of justice, which was very firm in its view that the responsibility for carrying out age assessments or age verification rests solely in the hands of Tusla.”
“First, I congratulate the Minister of State on her appointment to her new role as Minister of State with responsibility for disability at Cabinet. It is a very important and challenging role. The issue I am discussing is not unrelated insofar as it concerns the safeguarding of children. Some weeks ago, the CEO of Tusla appeared before the Committee of Public Accounts. We probed her in respect of the issue of unaccompanied minors seeking international protection and how they are cared for within a Tusla setting. At that meeting, the concern that Tusla has on the whole area of age verification was revealed to us. As it happens, that particular meeting predated a number of incidents, which I will not speak about here, including some tragic incidents that have taken place. It is a real worry and concern.”
“There is to be change under new laws but there is an ongoing concern that adults may be mingling with children in an unaccompanied-minor setting. I say this without prejudice to live issues before the courts. There is an issue that needs to be clarified and dealt with swiftly.”
“Officials from Tusla and the Department of justice were before the public accounts committee in recent weeks. Tusla alerted us to concerns it has in respect of its capacity to carry out age verifications for unaccompanied minors in the international protection application system. It seems, at a policy level, that it is being left to Tusla to carry out these age verifications, whereas as a matter of law, there is at least some doubt as to what body is actually legally responsible for doing so. None of the officials from the Department of Justice, when they were before us, was able to tell us who was legally responsible, and although they indicated they would come back to us immediately, that has not happened.”
“We could demonstrate that we are the lead in class when it comes to the regulation of AI and we could harness some of the benefits that are coming.”
“In the enterprise sector, work is under way and has been done historically in Ireland when it comes to attracting investment and technology companies here. Now we see in Ireland the work Enterprise Ireland has done in supporting the hyper scaling of technology companies and start-ups. We saw some measures in the budget and, hopefully, there are more to come in future to support the emergence of an indigenous technology industry here. Some of the steps we have taken could be adapted in other Departments. Perhaps we could see the leading role this Department is taking in other spheres, such as health and education. We can look at what other EU countries are doing. The hosting of the EU Presidency by Ireland presents a unique opportunity. A number of years ago when Estonia held the Presidency it created a digital summit.”
“Does the Minister of State agree that the forthcoming EU Presidency could create a great opportunity for Ireland, given that we have lot of the large language model, LLM, companies based here, to have an AI summit to promote the benefits of AI and what it could bring to this country?”
“I thank the Minister of State for the reply. He indicated the establishment of the AI office will be crucial in respect of the regulatory sandbox. I look forward to primary legislation being introduced on this and to it coming before the Committee on Artificial Intelligence, of which I am Vice Chair. One of the things that struck me when we were in Estonia recently at a digital summit was just how far ahead some other EU countries are in the adaptation of AI. What the Department is doing in respect of ensuring small businesses in the enterprise sector can stay competitive by harnessing the benefits of AI is a model that other countries could emulate. Beyond the Department of enterprise, we could go a lot further. I am heartened to hear there is a lot of cross collaboration taking place in respect of the establishment of the AI office.”
“As a former Lord Mayor of Dublin, I am incredibly proud that one in five people living in Dublin city is not originally from Ireland. That adds to the vibrancy of our city and makes it international. Deputy O'Flynn's remarks about walking through villages and not seeing Irish society absolutely disgust me. However, you can believe both things are true and still believe in a rules-based system for migration while still championing the extraordinary people who are working in our health service but equally acknowledge there are challenges in our international protection system. This is an important debate worth having.”
“Of course our policies should change if our system is not fit to deal with the challenges we face on migration for both workers and those seeking international protection. We do, of course, need workers and we have a duty to support people in need but we also need a rules-based system. These are arguments that cannot be brushed aside. Arguments should always be considered on their merits and on the strength of evidence in support of them. Ideological dogma should never take precedence over constructive debate. It is disgraceful that some parties in this Chamber have chosen to engage in dangerous and divisive culture war politics. The bad faith arguments, closer to innuendo, put forward by some of the Opposition have been nothing short of remarkable.”
“I will speak about something central to the immigration debate and the way we do politics as our country's demography and workforce change. In discussing migration, we must acknowledge it is a complex social phenomenon. There are different forms of migration. It brings obvious benefits to our economy, healthcare system and cultural life but it also presents new demands. Given the issue's complexity, the public expects that we, as its representatives in this House, will discuss challenges for the systems we use to manage migration. I fear we are falling disappointingly short of the public's expectations. To state these two things that are obviously true should not be controversial. The Tánaiste's recent remarks simply reflected the issue's complexity and the need to respond to a new environment.”
“Deputy O'Flynn has left the Chamber but unless I misheard him, he said that when we walk through our villages, they do not reflect Irish society. I am not sure what he meant by that but I cannot imagine how it could be interpreted as anything other than inflammatory. It really puts into stark contrast the labels that have been thrown at my party leader for the measured remarks he has made in respect of how we deal with the international protection system and with migration. Like others in this House, I utterly condemn the cowardly and reprehensible behaviour we have seen in Citywest and Drogheda. I am glad to hear every Member call those responsible out for what they are, which is racist, unlawful and an affront to us all.”
“All it does is serve to deliver further nastiness in politics, which incentivises the kinds of menacing threats and fear that are put out in the online and real world. Simon Harris is someone who has proven when he was Minister for Health that he cared for his people and cared for his country. As Minister for higher education, he fulfilled a life-long mission to support people with intellectual disabilities and get them access to third level education. As Minister for foreign affairs in Europe, he has been a huge leader, speaking up on the war on children that has been taking place in Gaza. People should really reflect on the politicisation of this challenging issue that we have heard today. As Deputy O’Flynn said, is this really what the parents of children with such challenging and complex needs really want?”
“Like everyone who has spoken today, I acknowledge Harvey and his parents, Gillian and Stephen. I say this as a human being, a parent of three children and a Member of Dáil Éireann. I also acknowledge Deputy O'Flynn's comments and the spirit in which he made them, which was in sharp contrast to the comments of Deputies McDonald and Paul Murphy, who should reflect on what they said. Deputy McDonald accused Simon Harris of saying something that sounded good on the radio, in the context of him being the Minister for Health. He is a person who has dedicated his life to public service. There is no need to question the sincerity of Ministers or other Members of the Dáil in the way Deputy McDonald did.”
“I and with residents across the area want to see this being put into an active use, but they will be horrified and scandalised if it is the case the Department of housing never explored whether it could be put to use for housing. We need absolute clarity and certainty on that because this has gone on for some time. There is an opportunity to redevelop the front part of that hospital and put it into active use. We just need clarity on that from the Minister for housing.”
“I thank the Ceann Comhairle. The Taoiseach will be familiar with the Baggot Street hospital. It is an iconic building in the middle of Baggot Street that, scandalously, has been left vacant for a number of years by the HSE. The HSE told us and local residents that it had been placed on the OPW disposal register, which, as it was explained to me, means every Government Department and State body would be offered an opportunity to put that building into reuse. TheJournal.ie reported yesterday that the Department of housing said it has never been offered use of this building. Now the HSE has put it on the open market.”
“He indicated he would raise this with the Minister. My question then and now is whether the Minister considered the matter concluded regarding what was or was not said in that District Court bail application, or the report he received from the Commissioner. Has the Minister discussed these issues with the new Commissioner and does he intend to carry out any further inquiries on the matter?”
“At a meeting of the Committee of Public Accounts at the end of June, the then Garda Commissioner confirmed he had reported to the Minister on the controlled delivery operation that related to the late Evan Fitzgerald and the shocking incident in Carlow. The then Commissioner went on to say that he took note of the comments made by Senator Michael McDowell on 24 June in the Seanad about what was or was not said in the currency of a live bail application, and that he had referred those comments to the Garda ombudsman, Fiosrú, for consideration. On the RTÉ "This Week" programme that subsequent Sunday, the Garda ombudsman confirmed that there is nothing further to be considered by it. I raised this issue previously in July when the Minister, Deputy Chambers, was standing in at Leaders' Questions.”
“The Minister's Bill is very important legislation that will take some time to go through these Houses but ultimately we need to see radical action here because we know what is going to happen. The Taoiseach asked people politely not to judicially review the drainage project but they have done it. We know what will happen with the Shannon to Dublin water project. That, and other critical infrastructure, is going to be judicially reviewed. People are going to suffer. Young people are not going to get access to houses because of these laws and we have to do something radical to respond.”
“Justice Peter Kelly's report, talks about a more onerous leave stage when it comes to judicial review whereas in the planning Act - and those provisions have been commenced - we have abolished a leave stage. I want to ensure that the public are clear as to what the Government is going to do here. I was heartened by what the Taoiseach said on Wednesday in terms of looking at bespoke legislation on the drainage project. He is going to seek the advice of the Attorney General. However, will we be able to do that with long-standing precedent of these Houses legislating as it relates to cases that are before the courts? The public wants this to happen. They want us to do something. We just simply have to do something.”
“I thank the Minister for the reply. It seems to me that we have put the laws in place in the planning Act in relation to trying to reduce the number of judicial reviews. We have not yet commenced the relevant provision as it relates to fixed costs. The Minister has a statutory role in relation to that, although I acknowledge it is the Minister for housing who has to discuss it with him. I wonder when we are going to make an actual decision on this and send a very clear signal of what the State's approach is in getting critical infrastructure over the line. I am still not very clear as to whether the Minister's civil reform Bill will have any impact at all as it relates to planning. It seems to me that the civil reform Bill, how it has been briefed and what is in Mr.”
“I have a fourth idea for how the Government and State could respond to judicial reviews, namely, being put at risk of costs. Is it completely inconceivable that a party that brings this type of action would not have to face some risk of costs? That is a submission the TFI made to President Kelly's cost report review. Is that something the Government might also consider?”
“It is really about the commencement of the provisions of the planning Act to fix the costs of these types of actions, none of which will impact on these live proceedings regarding the drainage project that are before the courts, but other major critical infrastructure projects are being built in this country and this city, the Shannon to Dublin pipeline being one of them. That is another absolutely essential piece of infrastructure to ensure we see the delivery of housing. It is essential we take every step possible not to restrict people's legal rights but to ensure the common good prevails. The public wants us to build this infrastructure. We cannot have a system where a single individual or a group of individuals can frustrate over half a million people. That is not proportionate and not within the intent of the Aarhus Convention.”
“Where are we with those regulations and the commencements of those provisions and at what level will we fix those costs? A week ago, the Minister indicated he would bring a memo to the Government in respect of the civil reform Bill, which deals more generally with judicial review. Will the Minister clarify, in respect of that Bill, if it will impact planning at all because I am not entirely clear in regard to that Bill? Some of the recommendations contained in the civil report by President Kelly are already in the planning Act related to planning decisions.”
“The Taoiseach said in his reply that he has asked the Attorney General and the Minister to look at the option of bespoke legislation to drive that project, the Dublin drainage project, through because the common good is overwhelming here. That is one indication of what the Government intends to do about this specific project. A second area the Government has made clear it intends to act on is to commence the relevant provisions of the planning Act legislation. It is not within the Minister's remit but as part of that there is a requirement that he be consulted in respect of that. At what level will we fix costs in respect of these types of Aarhus Convention environmental proceedings? What we do not want to have is some sort of cost incentive to bring forward these proceedings as distinct from the merits of the proceedings.”
“I thank the Minister for being in attendance. He will be aware the greater Dublin drainage project was granted planning permission in July and a judicial review was subsequently initiated. This is an absolutely essential project for the existing half a million homes in this country and tens of thousands more homes that will not be built unless this project is continued. I do not need to tell the Minister, as a Dublin Bay South TD, about the impact the absence of the drainage project is having on the Ringsend wastewater treatment plant. On Wednesday, I raised with the Taoiseach the question as to what more can the Government do about judicial reviews, specifically on this project.”
“I need to see that level of urgency when it comes to getting the SPV structure. Hopefully, the budget will be supportive of the work that the Dublin city task force will be doing.”
“In relation to the SPV structure for the Dublin city task force, I want to ask when will that be established. Is legislation necessary, and, if so, when will that legislation come? Obviously, all of that relates to the Dublin city task force and a key part of that is getting over-the-shop living in Dublin city centre. Some of that work is under way on a piloted basis on Middle Abbey Street by the Dublin City Council teams but what we need to see is a wholesale approach of getting people living in the city and a mixed typology of housing in the city centre. There are a lot of good things taking place in Dublin at present, such as getting the fruit market open. There will be a tender out for the library in the Parnell cultural quarter, but we have get more people living in the city centre.”
“Are we delivering critical infrastructure in this country whereby if someone takes a judicial review against it, they might face the risk of legal costs? Are there circumstances in which the Attorney General could advise that we could stay within the Aarhus Convention but that there are circumstances in which legal costs could apply?”
“Seven years ago, a planning application was submitted for the greater Dublin drainage project, which went through swings and roundabouts and through the courts. A new planning application was put in, which was finally approved. It is going to impact over half a million homes, with tens of thousands of other homes awaiting delivery on foot of this, and yet it is being judicially reviewed. The applicant has a right to a judicial review, but I think what most of the public would be aghast at is that they do so at risk of no legal cost in terms of the application they are bringing that impacts so many people. I know reforms on judicial review are coming, but what I would like to know is when are the planning regulations going to be issued under the new planning Act in relation to the overall cost in cases like this? Can we go further?”
“We were the first country in the world to have a public vote that delivered marriage equality. That is because we are neighbourly and we talk and deliberate with one another, particularly in the context of referendum campaigns. At its heart, there is a compassion in Ireland that is unique. Let us not forget that as toxicity reigns across social media and with what is taking place in the world. Those of us who can be allies should stand up and be allies.”
“It is just more important now than ever in this country, leaving aside what is taking place outside of this country, for all of us to remember the allyship that existed during the marriage equality referendum and the kinds of conversation that were taking place cross-generationally. Let us not forget those conversations in an era where it has become fashionable to talk about anti-woke. It has become fashionable to, in some ways, move away from a lot of the ideals that led us to the progressive country we now have. You are almost fearful of using the word “progressive”. We, as Irish people, in our Irish nation and culture, need to promote what is Irish in my view, that is, community. At the bedrock of what was achieved in the marriage equality referendum was that sense of Irish community.”
“We know, however, that the so-called free speech advocates often couch their language in free speech when in fact what they want to do is create a safe space for prejudice to thrive and for it to be okay to have the prejudiced discussions that might have been commonplace decades ago in our country but became quite socially unacceptable in the years after the marriage equality referendum. In some ways, those discussions are returning in an ugly way. More often than not, it is trans people who are particularly targeted. Discussions about trans people are traduced and reduced to triviality when often it is those very same people in their interactions in their daily lives who face way more prejudices and burdens than I as a straight person face or that most of the population faces.”
“They are now faced with a new vista, however. There has been a lot of discussion in this Chamber about Hungary and other jurisdictions, but there is no denying that what is taking place across the world is having an impact in Ireland, too. We can be proud of the fact that when surveys are carried out, Ireland is often up there as one of the safest countries in the world for LGBTQ+ people. Equally, however, we know from studies that BeLonG To and Trinity College have done that nearly half of LGBTQ+ people feel unsafe holding hands in public, one in four have been physically attacked and 72% have faced verbal abuse. We know that social media has played a role in this toxicity. I am often one of these people who is a strong advocate for free speech and will always defend people’s right to speak.”
“It is a very human day in a way that is kind of hard to characterise or emulate. It is obviously a day of protest, as our former party leader, Leo Varadkar, used to always remind us. When you actually participate in it, however, you are surrounded by love, fun and a level of positivity that I am not sure is emulated in any other event that takes place across the country. What struck me in particular on every occasion I have marched in Pride is the young people and their faces. When I think of the kind of Ireland we all live in, a lot of the young people who were at the Pride events I participated in, particularly when I was Lord Mayor, were maybe turning 17 or 18. Therefore, at least for their whole adult life, all they will know is a country that changed its Constitution for the better in the marriage equality referendum.”
“Both of the previous speakers mentioned allies. That is how I come to this debate also. One of the big decisions I made when I was elected as a city councillor in 2019 was that, where possible, I would attend, at the very least, Dublin Pride every single year. To my eternal shame, I never attended Pride before I became a councillor. As a public representative, I felt it important to continue to show allyship. That is why I am here today contributing to this debate. When I was Lord Mayor of Dublin, I had the enormous privilege of marching at the front of the Dublin Pride parade. One of the amazing things about Pride for those who have not participated – and I encourage anyone to do so in their towns and villages, if they are not based in Dublin - is all of the empathy and kindness there on the day.”
“Advance payments, costs and interests must follow prescribed rules, bringing fairness to owners and accountability to public bodies. These changes will have a profound impact on housing infrastructure delivery and the renewal of towns and cities across the country. The Bill will make our CPO process transparent, fair and quick. It strikes the balance between respecting property rights and empowering the State to act for the public good. It will make CPOs a modern tool for modern challenges. I commend the Bill to the House.”
“Where heirs cannot be located or title is unclear, funds can be paid into court with structured avenues for claims, determinations and eventual release to the authority if the compensation goes unclaimed. There are several derelict properties in Dublin that cannot be compulsorily purchased right now because the owners cannot be tracked down. This Bill will bring an end to that. Fourth, the Bill repeals the current arbitrary principles of compensation that were developed in 1919 and codifies far clearer modern principles. It also ensures land values are not inflated simply because the State intends to develop nearby. The public should benefit financially from public investment, not a landowner who has already been fairly compensated. Last of all, the Bill greatly enhances transparency.”
“You have upgraded me there, too. Thanks, a Cheann Comhairle. Under this Bill, vesting orders will be served within one week of being made, compensation must be determined within six months by an independent valuation tribunal rather than a non-transparent panel of arbitrators, and once compensation is awarded, it must be paid within two months. Second, the Bill establishes the right to an advance payment. Up to 90% of estimated or agreed compensation will be paid up front. This helps landowners plan and move to a new property if required. Uncertainty about whether a payment will be received or what the sum will be is a common source of opposition to CPOs. Third, the Bill removes complexity surrounding unknown ownership for properties.”
“First, it introduces unambiguous statutory timelines so property owners will no longer be left in limbo dealing with uncertainty about payment and timelines. Under this Bill, vesting orders will be served within one week-----”
“These statutes have long outlived their context and frustrate all stakeholders. If our CPO system cannot command the confidence of acquiring authorities and affected landowners, then it will not work. That is why I am introducing this Bill, which was published by the Law Reform Commission in 2023 after the Government tasked it with examining our CPO system. This Bill repeals those old laws and sets out a clear, unified system that guarantees two things, namely, that the State can acquire the land needed to deliver infrastructure and housing, which are our two most important public goods, and that landowners are fairly compensated and have confidence the process will treat them fairly. I will outline the key reforms put forward by the Bill.”