Clare Haughey
Scottish National Party · Scotland
“I note that the Deputy First Minister has confirmed that vape shops will be excluded from eligibility for relief from 1 April 2027, and I welcome that commitment. How will that contribute to the Scottish Government’s public health commitments and build on the progress that has been made on reducing the harm that vapes can cause?”
“That is exactly why we are taking action to ensure that vape shops contribute to the high street, recognising the growth of the sector in recent years, and also to ensure that rates relief aligns with our public health commitments, to answer the member’s point.”
“In the 1970s, the then- Labour Glasgow City Council proposed demolishing the People’s Palace building to put in a motorway—a potential work of historical vandalism of epic proportions.”
“I remind members of my entry in the register of members’ interests: I hold a bank nurse contract with NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde. The Queen Elizabeth university hospital in Glasgow was recently ordered by Healthcare Improvement Scotland to make 26 improvements.”
“With that in mind, we always want to encourage women to access the care that they need. In my statement, I intimated that I quickly met the chief executive of NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde and, separately, Healthcare Improvement Scotland.”
“Being able to communicate your needs and have them be understood is fundamental to care. I also took the opportunity to engage with Healthcare Improvement Scotland, which confirmed the proactive leadership and ownership by the chief executive and the board.”
The complete record
Every one of 404 lines we hold for Clare Haughey, in date order, each linked to its source. Free to read, in full, without an account. Page 3 of 9.
“Clare Haughey: Will the member give way? Davy Russell: Naw, I have to keep going now. My constituents know that the funding has not been sufficient. They know that, when their child’s school is struggling to employ a learning support assistant, that is because the council does not have that funding available, and that, when their pavement is crumbling away, that is because there has been an underinvestment over the past 20 years in the general maintenance of the streets. Michael Marra is absolutely right. We need the next Administration to take charge, take responsibility, stop passing the buck to local authorities and stop expecting miracles while failing to deliver nationally. We must create a sustainable plan for local government funding. 16:40”
“If the additional income reaches the projected amount, it should be used to create employment and upskill existing workforces, to allow them to get better-paid jobs, rather than plugging holes created by mismanagement, such as the ferry fiasco or the phantom Gupta smelter in Fort William, to name but two. Taxes on businesses that are not based on profits but on square footage will always end in tears from the point of view of our need for employers to deliver the jobs that will bring down the number of young people aged between 20 and 24 who are not in education, employment or training. All the while, the SNP is wasting money with its ever-growing army of civil servants. In real terms, the civil service wage bill has gone up more than 90 per cent since 2016, while local authorities have seen an increase of only 9 per cent.”
“Is Mr Russell saying that he is against the increase in council tax for those who have the biggest houses? Davy Russell: If the member had waited to hear the next part of my speech, she would have heard what I think. People who live in houses worth more than £1 million should pay their fair share—absolutely, yes—but the increase will not make much of a difference to local government coffers. It is expected to raise more than £10 million a year. That is a drop in the ocean: it comes to 1p per person per day, which ain’t gonnae change anything.”
“I remind members of my entry in the register of interests. To ask the First Minister how the Scottish Government's launch of walk-in GP clinics will support its work to bring down waiting times and ensure everyone gets the care they need. (S6F- 04626)”
“I sincerely hope that, when the inquiry’s final conclusions and recommendations are published, the patients and their families can finally gain a sense of closure and of being heard, and that they feel as though their questions have been answered. For their sake, Lord Brodie must be given time and space to consider all the evidence, complete his work and get to the truth that they deserve. The Deputy Presiding Officer: I remind members that back-bench speeches are of up to six minutes and that there is no time in hand. 16:02”
“Clare Haughey: As I referenced earlier in my speech, Lord Brodie has already instructed someone to make inquiries about the safety of the hospital, and they reported that they felt that the safety of the hospital’s water system was being maintained. It is absolutely fundamental that inquiries can operate transparently and reach conclusions that are not influenced by ministers or any other type of vested interest. When Lord Brodie spoke ahead of the first diet of hearings in the hospitals inquiry, he spoke first of patients and their families. He said that his first priority was to understand their experiences and to use that to inform subsequent lines of investigation. Therefore, I will finish as I began, by bringing my focus back to them.”
“However, the point should be very familiar to colleagues, as it has been clearly and repeatedly stated in the chamber, not least by the Cabinet Secretary for Health and Social Care, Neil Gray last March, when he made a statement on the hospitals inquiry’s interim report. Anas Sarwar: Does Clare Haughey recognise that reassuring the public about patient safety and what is happening in the hospital today does not contradict the role of the inquiry? Patients today have a right to know whether the ward and the units have been validated and are therefore safe. That does not contradict the investigations of the inquiry. It should be a basic requirement of Government to give that reassurance.”
“Perhaps the key provision in the 2005 act is that the initial establishment of the terms of reference is the last point of ministerial input or influence before any inquiry concludes. Once that happens, inquiries are completely independent of ministers. That is written into the legislation for very good reason, and it is essential that they are able to operate in a truly independent manner. When my Opposition colleagues lined up to welcome the then Cabinet Secretary for Health and Sport’s intention to establish a statutory inquiry under the 2005 act, I remember Mr Sarwar in particular stressing that the inquiry had to be genuinely independent, and he was absolutely correct.”
“Before it came into force, at least 10 different pieces of legislation had been used to provide a statutory basis for inquiries in the UK. The 2005 act and the subsequent Inquiries (Scotland) Rules 2007 have a range of important provisions, including giving an inquiry’s chair the power to compel the attendance of witnesses or the production of documents; allowing for evidence to be taken under oath; a statutory duty to secure public access to evidence and documents; and the ability for core participants to recover reasonable legal expenses, helping them to meaningfully participate in proceedings. For those reasons, the decision to establish the Scottish hospitals inquiry under the 2005 act was therefore a significant and important one.”
“That is precisely why the Scottish Government established a public inquiry, led by Lord Brodie, which I have every confidence will provide the scrutiny and the truth that is required by the families affected and by everyone else. While the hospitals inquiry is under way, it is completely inappropriate for ministers to comment on or narrate what is going on around the issues that it is investigating. Not only would it be completely inappropriate for ministers to seek to intervene or suppress any inquiries, pre-empt their findings or do anything other than allow the process to continue, it would also be unlawful. The inquiry is being held under the UK-wide Inquiries Act 2005, and I will take a moment to discuss that, as we are talking about a well- established piece of legislation.”
“It was reassuring to read the independent evidence of the expert Andrew Poplett, who provided evidence to Lord Brodie’s inquiry in September last year. He concluded that the hospital’s current procedures for managing the water system are safe, suitable and currently extremely well managed. He also concluded that significant improvements have been made in the hospital’s water system. However, the fact remains that people have been badly let down in the past, and lessons must absolutely be learned as a result. Only robust investigation will get us answers to ensure that families get the truth that they want and need.”
“Patient safety is one of the Government’s key priorities, and it is fundamental that the patients and families who use our hospitals are reassured that they are accessing safe clinical environments. As an MSP who has constituents who attend the Queen Elizabeth university hospital as patients as well as constituents who work there, it is critically important to me that they can have confidence in the ability of the hospital to operate safely. NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde has rightly offered “a sincere and unreserved apology” to patients and families affected by the events under investigation in the hospitals inquiry. However, I know that, for many people, including colleagues across the chamber, that is simply not enough without thorough and comprehensive assurance.”
“I remind members of my entry in the register of members’ interests, which shows that I hold a bank nurse contract with NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde. I will begin, as others have, by expressing my deepest sympathies to all those who are grieving the loss of a loved one in the circumstances that we are discussing. Patients, families and whistleblowers have shown incredible tenacity and dignity as they have shared their testimony, campaigned tirelessly for justice and made every effort to ensure that the truth is determined. A hospital should be a safe place where people seek not only medical help but reassurance, care and comfort throughout their treatment. Relatives should feel confident leaving their loved ones in the care of the NHS. That safe place can be provided only in a trusted environment.”
“To ask the Scottish Government whether it will provide an update regarding its engagement with credit unions in relation to CMutual withdrawing its family protection plan. (S6O-05403)”
“However, it remains impossible to break that down to any granular level of detail on specific services, which is an issue that many stakeholders raised during our pre-budget scrutiny. I am aware that the population health framework and the service renewal framework note that those links will be made clearer. However, I flag that, although the Government’s response to the committee states that it is “committed to improving transparency”, it has not yet given specific examples of how that will be achieved. To that end, the Health, Social Care and Sport Committee awaits a detailed plan as to how improvements in that area will be implemented, and it stands ready to assist where necessary.”
“That includes the £36 million that has been allocated for walk-in general practitioner clinics. Furthermore, the mental health budget is increasing by 11.8 per cent, with further mental health spending now baselined in health board budgets. As members may be aware, the Health, Social Care and Sport Committee’s central focus in its pre-budget scrutiny was on mental health spending, and the committee has long raised concerns regarding the transparency of spend in that area. Although the additional investment is welcome, issues regarding transparency and the linking of spending to outcomes remain. The Scottish Government has stated that NHS boards are expected to spend about £1.5 billion on mental health services in 2025-26.”
“Such indicative budgets have long been requested in previous budget letters and reports, and they should go some way towards helping boards with future planning. On average, the budgets for health boards in 2026-27 are set to increase by 14.5 per cent. However, some of that increase reflects the fact that budget lines that were previously transferred in-year have now been baselined. That said, the committee nonetheless welcomes the additional funding that has been made available to meet the pay settlements that have been agreed for nurses and doctors. The committee commends the efforts on all sides to reach those settlements and avoid widespread industrial action by resident doctors, unlike in England. The committee also welcomes the additional funding for primary care and community health services, which has increased by 10.1 per cent.”
“It remains the largest budget area in the Scottish budget, with total planned spending in 2026-27 coming to £22.5 billion. As is highlighted in the latest SPICe briefing on the Scottish budget, the health and social care portfolio will grow at a faster rate than any other area of the Scottish budget, at 1.5 per cent in real terms, compared with 0.2 per cent across the budget as a whole. However, it would be remiss of me not to acknowledge that the health capital budget remains constrained. According to recently published analysis, it is set to fall by 6.6 per cent in real terms. Despite that, the spending review in 2026 also sets out plans for further increases in health and social care spending. The committee welcomes the inclusion in the spending review of indicative health board budgets for a three-year period.”
“I refer members to my entry in the register of members’ interests, which states that I hold a bank nurse contract with NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde. First and foremost, I offer sincere thanks to all stakeholders who engaged throughout the Health, Social Care and Sport Committee’s budget scrutiny process. I thank the Cabinet Secretary for Health and Social Care, Neil Gray MSP, and his officials for giving evidence and responding to the committee’s subsequent pre-budget report. I also thank the committee clerks for their work in supporting the committee’s members. I look forward to welcoming the cabinet secretary to the committee next week to discuss the budget and its implications for health, social care and sport across Scotland. Members will be aware that the health and social care portfolio is again a budget priority.”
“We are committed to maintaining that progress through the additional £137 million that has been invested in planned care this year and we are working closely with health board chief executives to ensure improvement. As part of wider NHS reform, we are introducing a subnational planning approach to strengthen cross-boundary collaboration and help patients to access timely care. It is also important to reflect that 97 per cent of hospital discharges happen without delay.”
“I remind members that I am a practising NHS nurse. Mr Rennie referred to improving patient flow. Nowhere is that more evident than in the recent statistics that show that, under this Scottish National Party Scottish Government, waiting times are down for the sixth month in a row. How will the cabinet secretary work to build on that progress to ensure that people receive high-quality care on an appropriate timescale? Neil Gray: Clare Haughey is absolutely right. The latest planned care flow data shows that waits of over 52 weeks have fallen for a sixth month in a row, with a 29.4 per cent reduction in new out- patient waits and a 19.3 per cent reduction in in- patient and day-case waits since July.”
“This is critical to the people of Scotland. We know that the NHS is the key issue. We have made great progress over the past six months in bringing down long waits, and we want to continue that to ensure that people get their treatments, particularly the hip, knee and eye operations that people have been waiting for, as quickly as possible. That investment will help to deliver that.”
“I remind members of my entry in the register of members’ interests, which shows that I hold a bank nurse contract with NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde. Last week, welcome figures were published that showed that, through action from the SNP Government, long waits in the NHS have decreased for six months in a row, with significant year-on-year increases in activity. How will the budget assist in the on-going recovery of Scotland’s NHS? Shona Robison: The budget’s investments in the NHS are absolutely critical. As Clare Haughey pointed out, we have made significant progress against the commitments in the operational improvement plan for this year. We will continue to build on that progress through the investment of a further £100 million in 2026-27 and through scaling the productivity and efficiency gains to create additional capacity.”
“I look forward to its further development and the reassurance and peace of mind that it will provide to my constituents and to everyone else who has been affected by this issue. 16:00”
“With the addition of exemptions for areas where there are more acute housing pressures and the levy-free allowance to protect small and medium-sized developers, I am pleased that the Scottish Government has reached a point at which it shares the UK Government’s assessment of its equivalent legislation—that the levy is not expected to have any significant macroeconomic impacts and that any negative impacts on the housing supply will be small. Today, we are being asked to agree to the general principles of the bill at stage 1, and there will naturally be further discussions, refinements and amendments as it continues to move through Parliament. I am sure that the minister will listen very carefully to the points that members make today. I am pleased to support the general principles of the bill today.”
“They share our determination to keep people safe, and the levy outlined in the general principles of the bill will ensure that they make a fair contribution towards doing so, just as they will in England. As the bill has been developed, it has been crucial to remain mindful of the need for new housing in Scotland, the importance of avoiding any unintended or disproportionate impacts on the new-housing sector and the viability of much- needed new developments.”
“Clare Haughey: Craig Hoy has raised an important point. As I have mentioned, some remediation has taken place in my constituency, but at this point in time, for the people who are affected, we have to move forward, get remediation and make those homes safe. The scale of the challenge is significant, and so is the progress that has been made so far through the collective efforts of developers, local authorities, social landlords and Government. Colleagues will have received correspondence and briefings from stakeholders, including developers, over the past weeks and months. The continued co-operation of developers, who have accepted responsibility for the assessment of their buildings and any required mitigation and remediation, has been very welcome.”
“The cost of cladding remediation has, completely understandably, always been a cause of concern for the residents who have been in touch with me, so it is imperative that we put in place funding arrangements that ensure that those costs do not fall directly on affected home owners—and, indeed, are not passed on indirectly to their tenants, if applicable. The costs of remediation are considerable, with the latest estimates indicating that we could be looking at a cost of £1.7 billion over a 15-year period. Craig Hoy: Does the member agree that the sector and the Parliament could have more confidence in the Government as it introduces the bill if it could tell us how much of the £97.1 million it has already spent, how it has been spent and how it will work towards what we all want—to make Scotland’s housing stock safe?”
“Based on current contact, and my contact with the previous housing minister and other bodies on behalf of my constituents, it has always been clear to me that the Scottish Government is committed to acting to protect home owners and residents, and it has been clear to me that the safety of residents and home owners is the ultimate and utmost priority of the Scottish Government, as it absolutely must be. However, I completely understand and appreciate the frustrations that have been expressed to me about how long people have been living with stress, worry and uncertainty surrounding the issue. There is a clear need for legislation so that we can do what is right and necessary to address the challenge of fixing buildings that are affected by unsafe cladding.”
“Other people have related issues with properties being unmortgageable, which causes problems if circumstances lead to their home having to be put up for sale, including in cases of probate. Some of my constituents have had to seek letters of comfort to move forward, because they have been caught in that period in which assessments have been completed but the work has not yet been scheduled or completed, and their life circumstances have meant that they have had to move on.”
“In my Rutherglen constituency, I have been supporting constituents who have faced a variety of issues with their properties. I will give just a few examples. People have been seeking information and support about external wall system fire review forms—known as EWS1 forms—and single building assessments. Others have come to me with issues that they have experienced in communicating with their building’s original developer or their factor. I have heard from landlords who are worried about the on-going affordability of maintaining their properties as insurance costs have spiralled and from tenants who are worried about the safety of their homes and the sustainability of their tenancies.”
“The committee has had to consider a multitude of complex, interwoven and sometimes competing factors, and to do so in what remains a very challenging context, given the clear need to increase housing supply in light of Scotland’s housing emergency and the on-going challenges facing the sector, which were exacerbated by Brexit, the pandemic and other UK-wide and global events affecting its bottom lines and supply chains. It is important that we acknowledge the impact of the situation on many people’s lives. It has been a stressful and concerning time for home owners and residents across Scotland who are living in buildings with potentially unsafe cladding. I am sure that many of my colleagues will have heard about the difficulties that their constituents have been facing.”
“I know that colleagues across the chamber are united in our understanding and our resolve with regard to the reason for this bill being before Parliament today. The tragic series of events at Grenfell in 2017 must never be forgotten and must never be witnessed again. In the years since then, the Scottish Government has been unwavering in its commitment to do what is necessary and right to fully assess and address the remediation of buildings across Scotland that are fitted with unsafe cladding. Craig Hoy: Will the member take an intervention? Clare Haughey: I must ask Mr Hoy to let me make a wee bit of progress. I thank members of the Finance and Public Administration Committee for their careful and detailed consideration, which has brought us to this point today.”
“I accept that there is clearly more to do to deliver equity and excellence in Scottish education, but the investment that this Government is making is ensuring that Scotland’s children and young people have the best conditions for learning anywhere in the”
“The SNP Government is increasing teacher numbers, attainment and attendance. How is the record funding for education, which I note that the member who asked the original question did not vote for, ensuring that the pupil to teacher ratio continues to improve and is comparatively better than elsewhere in the United Kingdom? Jenny Gilruth: The Scottish Government’s investment means that, in Scotland, we have the most teachers per pupil in the UK and that school education spend per person is higher than it is elsewhere in the UK. Since 2009-10, school spending per pupil in Scotland has increased by 21 per cent in real terms, and, in 2024-25, the Government invested £10,100 per pupil, compared with £8,400 in England. As a result, Scotland’s pupil to teacher ratio has improved to 13.2, remaining by far the lowest in the UK.”
“The Scottish Government is absolutely committed to learning lessons from the inquiry’s work and to responding to it to improve the protection of children in care.”
“I welcome the clarification from the Scottish child abuse inquiry that its phase 10 will include grooming gangs where that issue falls within the inquiry’s terms of reference. How does the inquiry’s independent work inform the Scottish Government’s approach to improving child protection measures? Jenny Gilruth: The work of the inquiry is already providing a very detailed picture of failings across a wide range of care settings. The Government has welcomed each of the inquiry’s interim findings, and we have emphasised that they vindicate the harrowing testimony of survivors. We will continue to listen carefully to the evidence that is being given from survivors, and we are fully participating in the inquiry process. The inquiry’s final report will make recommendations to improve on regulation, policy and practice.”
“I remind members that I am employed as a bank nurse by NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde. To ask the Scottish Government how it is supporting NHS boards, in light of the increase in hospital admissions of people affected by influenza. (S6O-05305)”
“As part of its scrutiny of the LCM, my committee received assurances from the Cabinet Secretary for Health and Social Care that the relevant provisions would apply only to what would commonly be understood as advertising and would not result in prohibitions being placed on the publication of factual information, for example, about the service in question or how it should be delivered. On that basis, and on the understanding that the scope of the provisions is limited to the advertising and promotion in Scotland of a voluntary assisted dying service that would operate in England and Wales, my committee concluded its scrutiny by recommending that the Parliament agree to a legislative consent motion in similar terms to the draft motion included in LCM-S6-62. 17:41”
“The submission emphasised the need for robust definitions to ensure a “clear distinction between prohibited commercial promotion that may result in exploitation and permitted factual information”. Alzheimer Scotland also raised concerns about the implications of the provisions covered by the LCM related to article 10 of the European convention on human rights, arguing that although “limitations may be justified to protect vulnerable individuals from inducement, they must be proportionate and clearly defined.” It concluded by recommending clear mechanisms to establish how any resulting prohibitions would be applied and overseen in Scotland.”
“However, I note that the issue of advertising was actively debated during stage 2 proceedings on the Scottish bill and an amendment was agreed to that introduces a new section to the bill that would create an offence of advertising assisted dying. We began our scrutiny of the LCM by writing to selected stakeholders to request their written views, and a number of them responded that they had no comments. The committee also received a detailed submission from Alzheimer Scotland that raised some points about the LCM. Those included highlighting the importance of careful alignment between any UK and Scottish Parliament legislation on assisted dying “to avoid confusion, duplication, or conflict”.”
“The Scottish Government agreed with that assessment, except with respect to clause 43, which makes provision for regulations that prohibit “the publication, printing, distribution or designing (anywhere) of advertisements whose purpose or effect is to promote a voluntary assisted dying service” and “causing the publication, printing, distribution or designing of such advertisements.” For the avoidance of doubt, a VAD service, for the purposes of that clause, means the services as set out in accordance with the act, should the bill be passed—that is, VAD services in England and Wales. The provision would, therefore, not apply to any such services in Scotland were the Assisted Dying for Terminally Ill Adults (Scotland) Bill to become law.”
“During September this year, the Health, Social Care and Sport Committee undertook scrutiny of the legislative consent memorandum in respect of the Terminally Ill Adults (End of Life) Bill. During the House of Commons report stage of the bill, several amendments were agreed to that extend the scope of certain provisions to Scotland. Kim Leadbeater, as the bill’s sponsor, concluded that the legislative consent process was not engaged by any of those provisions.”
“To promote inclusion, we offer enhanced funding contributions to support young people with disabilities, those with care experience and those who reside in remote and rural areas. More widely, free bus travel for under-22s helps young people to access training and employment opportunities. All those measures help to ensure that the apprenticeship route becomes even more viable and remains an inclusive route into skilled work for all.”
“About 400,000 apprenticeship opportunities have been delivered for young people in Scotland since 2008, which underlines the Scottish National Party Government’s commitment to the value of apprenticeships. What work is under way to ensure that those opportunities are accessible to all and are not hindered by financial circumstances? Ben Macpherson: Clare Haughey has raised important points. The Government is committed to making apprenticeships inclusive and accessible to all, which is an on-going process. As I mentioned, this year, we are investing £185 million to deliver 25,500 new modern apprenticeships, 5,000 foundation apprenticeships and more than 1,200 graduate apprenticeships, alongside continued support for more than 38,000 apprentices who are already in training.”
“The event programme kicks off in Rutherglen’s iconic town hall next month—an event that I am looking forward to. I thank Jamie Hepburn for bringing this debate to the chamber, and I wish all those who live and work in Cumbernauld the best for their 70th anniversary and for the future of their town. 13:13”
“I commend the organisations and volunteers who not only are involved in planning next year’s celebrations but are telling Cumbernauld’s stories and doing great work to promote the town and support its people. As I wish Cumbernauld well for its anniversary, I cannot help but mention my home town of Rutherglen, which I have the honour of representing. Next year, we celebrate an important anniversary: it is 900 years since Rutherglen was granted royal borough status. Like Cumbernauld, we are hosting events, exhibitions and community activities, which our town is very much looking forward to and for which all the volunteers involved in the “Rutherglen 900” project should be commended. A year-round celebration of Rutherglen’s people, its history and, importantly, its future is being planned.”
“Shortly after providing the setting for that internationally acclaimed film, Cumbernauld produced a real-life football star: Ifeoma Dieke, a talented defender with a long playing and coaching career. She started playing football at St Mary’s primary school when she was eight years old, and she later joined Cumbernauld Cosmos and the Cumbernauld ladies team. She received an incredible 123 caps for Scotland, became the first black woman to captain the national team and was part of the squad when Scotland’s women qualified for their first ever major tournament, the Euros, in 2017. Her story, as well as the stories of countless other residents past and present, forms part of the rich tapestry of the town today.”
“As the town’s 70th anniversary approaches, it is a great opportunity to reflect on that story, to celebrate what makes the town special and to shape its future. I know that there are many and various activities planned to mark and celebrate the milestone. It is fair to assume that many Scottish towns and cities will be hosting celebrations next year, given that the Scottish men’s football team has qualified for the world cup for the first time since 1998. As we get caught up in a wave of nostalgia, television channels will be clamouring to fill their schedules with football-related content, and we will get to enjoy Bill Forsyth’s “Gregory’s Girl” again, no doubt. Although notionally set in a fictional town, it unmistakably brought Cumbernauld to big screens around the world.”
“Colleagues may have seen so-called “age tests” on social media—apparently, being able to explain the relationship between a cassette tape and a pencil places you firmly within a particular demographic. In the central belt, we have another: pose the question, “What’s it called?”, and anyone who was around in the 1980s will gleefully answer, “Cumbernauld.” I hope that Jamie Hepburn will forgive me for getting that out of my system early in my speech. Cumbernauld’s story is a fascinating part of our collective history: a modern, internal mass migration designed to ease overpopulation, speed up regeneration and provide green space and clean air. Its story of mass movement and the formation of a new community is complex and sometimes challenging but always inspiring.”