Emma Harper
Scottish National Party · Scotland
“I welcome the Scottish Government’s commitment to tackling child poverty and its investment through the whole family support third sector delivery fund. Will the cabinet secretary say more about how the delivery model will work alongside existing local partnerships?”
“Given the challenges that Christine Grahame outlined and the Scottish Government’s commitment to a just transition, how can the Government support investment in biofuels and anaerobic digestion to reduce reliance on heating oil and provide greener, more secure energy for rural industries such as those in Dumfries and Galloway and the Bord…”
“That is why there is so much emphasis placed in the action plan on whole family support. It is about giving support to families where and when they need it and delivering it in a way that is right for communities. I look forward to continuing to work with Emma Harper on how we can take that forward in the south of Scotland and elsewhere.”
“However, the barriers are not only physical, but also cultural: we heard consistent evidence of negative attitudes from boys, girls being sidelined in physical education and playgrounds being dominated by boys’ activities.”
“As a member of the Health, Social Care and Sport Committee, I had the privilege of contributing to our inquiry on female participation in sport and physical activity. What we heard was clear. Although the benefits of sport are universal, access to those benefits is not.”
“Her work has never been about making short-term headlines; it has been about achieving long-term change founded on compassion and justice. During this parliamentary session, Christine introduced her member’s bill, the Welfare of Dogs (Scotland) Bill, which strengthened protections for animals and built on years of advocacy on issues such…”
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“Various investments will be made to deploy that expenditure to ensure that we can make developments in certain specialties, including investments in Gartnavel hospital in Glasgow, Inverclyde royal infirmary, Perth royal infirmary, Queen Margaret hospital in Dunfermline and Stracathro hospital in Tayside. Those sites will deliver more than 2,500 additional orthopaedic and 9,500 cataract procedures, which will help us to erode the waiting list that we are experiencing.”
“I welcome the fact that the Scottish Government remains focused on reducing waiting times, including by promoting the preventative approach that is mentioned in the population health framework. How will the Scottish Government’s targeted investment of more than £110 million this year enable patients across Scotland to access the treatment that they need more quickly? The First Minister: We expect the funding to deliver 213,000 more appointments and procedures than in 2024-25, which will exceed our programme for government target of delivering 150,000 extra appointments and procedures. That greater capacity will help to address the issues affecting waiting times that Emma Harper has put to me.”
“There are ways in which we can work through that, and we will need to work through those issues during stage 2.”
“Do the teaching unions support the bill as it is currently framed? What does it mean for the terms and conditions of teachers in Scotland? Natalie Don-Innes: I have touched on that, but I am happy to elaborate, because it is a key concern on the bill. The approach that is proposed by Liz Smith assumes that teachers will continue to engage voluntarily in residentials. That is a successful mode in the current context, and there are many examples of schools offering residential outdoor experiences on that basis. However, assurance has yet to be established that that approach is operable on a national scale to meet the legal duties that the bill will entail. That concern was expressed both at stage 1 by teachers and in my engagement with COSLA and the professional associations.”
“As of March this year, there were more than 5,000 whole-time-equivalent staff in post, who support services including physiotherapy, pharmacotherapy and phlebotomy. That represents an increase of more than 170 whole- time equivalents since last year. Around 3,500 whole-time equivalents have been funded directly by our primary care improvement fund. On my summer tours, I witnessed the incredible flexibility of our rural workforce in ensuring continuity of care for people who require primary and urgent care services. The Deputy Presiding Officer: That concludes the statement. Before the next item of business, there will be a brief pause to allow front-bench members to change over. SPCB Supported Bodies Landscape Review”
“I remind members that, prior to entering Parliament, I was a clinical nurse educator in rural Dumfries and Galloway. As the cabinet secretary mentioned, multidisciplinary teams can play a pivotal role in bridging gaps in care in rural and island communities. Can he provide any further information on the Government’s work to support implementation of such teams? Neil Gray: Emma Harper is absolutely right. We are committed to the development of multidisciplinary teams to help to ensure that people receive the right care at the right time, in general practice and in the community. This year, we are investing more than £190 million in the primary care improvement fund, and we are making strong progress in expanding the multidisciplinary team workforce.”
“Climate change is here, and we have to adjust our way of living and working to that reality. As Ms Roddick mentioned, there is a climate change mass rally at Dynamic Earth right now, which I hoped to be at. One action to take must be to give the prevention of wildfires a higher priority across public policy. I hope that Emma Roddick’s debate and the contributions from members around the chamber will play a part in informing the Government’s thinking on how to, as far as possible, prevent these disasters from happening again. 13:06”
“In contrast to the hugely restrictive regime across the border, for example, we have a framework that allows people to enjoy our land freely and without unnecessary restrictions. However, we also have to face the fact that a small minority of people exercising those rights are doing so irresponsibly and putting locals, their livelihoods and their environment at huge risk. We cannot say for certain what caused the Galloway wildfires. Finding a needle in a haystack is impossibly tricky when that haystack is 17,000 acres, but our Fire and Rescue Service is clear that most wildfires are started by human activity. That mean that we must educate anyone who is accessing our world-class countryside about the devastation that irresponsible use of those access rights can have on our communities.”
“They worked incredibly hard, in a stressful, difficult and threatening situation, to support emergency responders. They threw open the doors of the Hive in the middle of the night and ensured that those tackling the fire could refuel and get some rest and necessary internet access. Some years ago, there were issues with sky lanterns being launched and landing miles away, risking wildfire and damage to property and livestock. Thankfully, the use of those things seems to have died down but, in many ways, it is more disheartening that the wildfires that are now taking place are almost certainly caused in situ, and that those who are responsible, even if by accident, can see for themselves the landscape and environment that their actions might destroy. I am proud that we have some of the best open access legislation in the world.”
“It may only be a matter of time before someone is seriously injured or killed in a wildfire. At Glentrool, hikers were evacuated from hills by emergency services and campers were told to relocate to a place of safety. I fear that, at some point in the future, we will be reading reports of the death of someone who could not be reached in time and suffered a terrible fate. We must do all that we can to prevent that from becoming a reality. We saw just how hard our emergency and response services worked. I again place on record my thanks to the Scottish Fire and Rescue Service, the police and Galloway Mountain Rescue Team for their supreme dedication, work and bravery in helping to tackle the Glentrool fire. I also thank local people at the Glentrool Hive, who Finlay Carson mentioned.”
“I thank Emma Roddick for securing the debate. Her region was hit hard with the biggest wildfire this summer around Dava, which caused massive devastation in an area of great beauty and natural resource. Sadly, parts of my South Scotland region were also hit hard. April saw one of the biggest wildfires in living memory in Galloway, when 17,000 acres of moor and forest were destroyed around Glentrool in a fire lasting several days, the after-effects of which are still being seen in the community and will be seen for many years to come. That is nearly the entire surface area of Loch Lomond ablaze and alight, and now almost bereft of life. Thankfully, as with other wildfires in Scotland, there were no fatalities or serious injuries, at least among human beings, but I am also concerned about the wildlife.”
“I want members to know that it is not just about the challenges of nuclear weapons; it is also about the other issues that are going on. We need to build a future free from weapons of mass destruction, and that is where I will stop. 17:13”
“A subsequent investigation by the marine accident investigation branch found that the submarine’s actions were unsafe, and the Royal Navy implemented new procedures to mitigate risks. The issue is not only the threat of nuclear weapons; it is also the threat to the public and the passengers who were going about their daily lives. The submarine was travelling at periscope depth. It was on a training mission and was photographed by people on the ferry. I wanted to bring that issue to the attention of Parliament. It is absolutely an issue of safety. Growing up in Stranraer, I heard about the nuclear submarines patrolling the waters in the busy shipping lane between Larne and Belfast and Cairnryan. That is something that we need to think about.”
“I did not intend to speak in the debate, but I wanted to thank Bill Kidd. I agree with Bill Kidd, and with Green and Labour colleagues, that we need to stop the proliferation of nuclear weapons. Sitting here, listening to the debate, I was reminded of an incident that occurred in November 2018, when the Stena Superfast VII ferry had a close-quarters incident with a Royal Navy nuclear submarine that was travelling between Belfast and Cairnryan in the north channel, close to the Irish Sea. The ferry’s officer of the watch was forced to take evasive action to avoid a collision. The submarine’s command team had misjudged the ferry’s speed and range, leading to a near miss whereby the two vessels came within 50m to 100m of each other.”
“On a point of order, Presiding Officer. My app was not connecting quickly enough. I would have voted yes. The Presiding Officer: Thank you, Ms Harper. We will ensure that that is recorded.”
“The annual £10,000 bursary is non-means tested and non-repayable. Eligible students receive free tuition, free uniforms and free disclosure and health checks, as well as the reimbursement of clinical placement expenses. Some students also qualify for additional allowances to their bursaries, such as dependants allowance, childcare allowances and/or single-parent allowances. That is what we get with the investment from an SNP Government: free tuition, which is always protected, additional bursary support and allowances for childcare. What do people get with Labour? Broken promises, negativity, no ideas and a hefty bill to pay at the end of their studies.”
“I remind members that I am a registered nurse. The UK Labour Government hiked tuition fees in England this year, and the Labour Government in Wales continues to charge tuition fees. That means that nursing and midwifery students are landed with high levels of debt when they qualify. In contrast, in Scotland, under the Scottish National Party, tuition is free and record numbers of Scots are going to university. While Labour burdens nursing students with avoidable debt, will the cabinet secretary set out and reiterate the unique support that is available in Scotland to entice students into the nursing and midwifery profession? Neil Gray: Our package of support for student nurses and midwives in Scotland is currently at its highest level, which is the highest level of support to be provided across the United Kingdom.”
“We need to regain our place alongside our allies and partners on these isles and across the continent. In the meantime, I am proud that we have a Scottish Government that is investing in and supporting the industries of the future that will deliver greater exports and greater prosperity to our country and our communities. Innovations such as carbon capture, which is being rolled out by the Carbon Removers at Crocketford, and the green hydrogen facilities that are being built at Chapelcross are making Scotland a world-class exporter of the high-tech products that will drive the future and our economy. We need to turbo-boost that with independence and our rightful place as the EU’s 28th member state. 16:28”
“I am pleased that we have a First Minister who will stand up for jobs and industry in Scotland and who will use every tool at his disposal, including an audience with the US President, the man who has all the power to give Scotland’s whisky industry a bye when it comes to tariffs. However, the simple fact is that, if Scotland were a member of the EU, we would enjoy the benefits of belonging to that trade bloc. This country voted to remain part of that international bloc, yet we were torn out of it anyway. [Interruption.] I can hear Conservative members yitterin on at the other side of the chamber, but we know that Brexit has been damaging. For some reason, they just want to put their heids in the sand. Our ultimate destination as an independent country must be as a full member of the European Union and the single market.”
“Distilleries in my region, such as Crafty Distillery, Annandale Distillery, Borders Distillery and Bladnoch Distillery, are being hit by those tariffs. They are major employers in their communities across Dumfries and Galloway and the Borders and they are part of our world-leading food and drink offering. Over the summer, my former work colleagues from Los Angeles visited me and enjoyed a few drams from our local distilleries. A good-news story from their visit is that they agreed to help to support Scotland’s future whisky industry exports when they return to Los Angeles. It is important for us to recognise our strengths.”
“It is a incredible tribute to the determination of our exporters, whether in food or drink or other industries, such as space tech and gaming, which Jamie Greene spoke about, that they have, for the most part, weathered the storm of Brexit and worked out new ways to survive and prosper, despite the forced isolation that has been imposed on them by the UK Government. We can see in real time the huge impact that isolationism in trade policy is having across the Atlantic. Tariff barriers that have been put in place at the whim of a leader are having a crippling effect on many sectors, and even healthy industries, such as our whisky sector, are counting the cost, with £4 million per week in lost exports, as others have mentioned.”
“Many thousands of people will visit Stranraer to celebrate and taste that success but, before and after that festival, our world-class seafood will be exported to plates and kitchens around Europe and the rest of the world. That is a tribute to the work that has been done both by the Scottish Government and the industry as a whole over the years to make Scotland’s exports an international leader. That success has been achieved in spite of the barriers, hurdles and blocks that have been imposed on Scotland because of Brexit. We will all have constituents whose businesses have experienced huge challenges when trading with the rest of Europe thanks to the Conservative Party and its failed Brexit, which is now being ably cheered on by Keir Starmer and his chaotic crew.”
“I will use my short time in the debate to recognise the work that has been done over the years by the Scottish Government and the long-term commitment that pays bigger and bigger dividends to our agribusiness sector as time goes on. I particularly want to pay tribute to Richard Lochhead’s tenure as the first cabinet secretary for rural affairs, which started in 2007. His work to identify the huge potential of Scotland’s high-value and high-quality food and drink sector and get the Government behind it has changed our rural economies very much for the better. That work has been continued by his successors, including Mairi Gougeon. This weekend, I will be heading along to Stranraer oyster festival, which is another success story of our food and drink sector.”
“I will be writing to the newly appointed Secretary of State for Business and Trade, Peter Kyle, and the newly appointed Secretary of State for Scotland, Douglas Alexander, to ensure that they are as committed to Dalzell’s future as their predecessors were, and as the Scottish Government is, and that Scotland receives its fair share of the funding, given that Dalzell is the UK’s last plate mill.”
“I raised the issue of the £2.5 billion funding available to support steel across the UK, and we all agreed that it was in the best interests of the workers and for steel production in the UK that the business got back up and running. As I mentioned in my statement, my officials regularly engage with the UK Government’s Department for Business and Trade to understand the steps that it is taking with regard to Liberty Speciality Steel UK. I also attended the steel council meetings that were chaired by the UK Government and advocated for fair sharing of the funds in that forum.”
“Given the level of intervention in steel businesses in England and Wales and the news that the UK Government has taken control of Liberty Steel in Yorkshire, can the Minister for Public Finance provide an update on his discussions with the UK Government and his calls for equal sharing of the £2.5 billion that has been allocated to support the steel industry in the UK? Ivan McKee: I met the former Secretary of State for Scotland, Ian Murray, and the former Secretary of State for Business and Trade, Jonathan Reynolds, on 22 July, and we all agreed at that meeting that the Dalzell steelworks has a unique position as the last plate mill in the UK.”
“This Government is prepared to invest in the workforce of our national health service because they are doing an excellent job. I pay tribute to them. Despite the points made by the Labour and Conservative parties, this Government will take action to put the budget in place to pay for those staff, to deliver the health service’s performance and to deliver for the people of”
“Our tireless and dedicated workforce is the greatest asset of our national health service so, while the Tories and Labour consistently talk down our NHS, will the First Minister reiterate how the Scottish Government continues to support and grow our NHS workforce? The First Minister: As I said to Brian Whittle— there was so much shouting that I will say it again, so that members hear it this time—there are more staff working in our NHS now than there were when this Government took office. Through record levels of investment, we have delivered 13 consecutive years of workforce growth, general practitioner numbers are going up and our agenda for change staff, including our nurses and midwives, remain the best paid in the United Kingdom.”
“I commend Stuart McMillan once again for lodging the motion and for giving us the opportunity to speak about the topic this evening. 17:54”
“It can be harder to operate services in a more rural setting, with all the challenges that that presents, but I know from my own experience, and from the experience of my constituents across D and G, that staff work tirelessly to support their patients. I make one small request of the Scottish Government: to review the current arrangements that place Dumfries and Galloway in the South East Scotland Cancer Network. Our transport and other links connect to Strathclyde rather than the Lothians—I have raised that issue on many occasions on behalf of constituents. There may be good reasons for that decision, which was taken more than 20 years ago, but the practical effect for people in the south-west is a lot of extra travel to access secondary treatment that could otherwise be provided as part of the West of Scotland Cancer Network.”
“Anyone who is watching the debate should spend a few minutes on the Fight Bladder Cancer website, reading the information for themselves and even sharing the short video on the social media networks; I shared it on mine earlier today, ahead of the debate. I was a nurse before I entered the Parliament, and I saw at first hand the toll that cancer takes on those who are living with it and on the families around them. Over the years, we have seen how diagnosis and treatment have improved as the medical technology has advanced, but too many lives are still cut short or made harder through cancer that cannot be treated fully. I pay tribute to the amazing staff across the NHS, including in NHS Dumfries and Galloway, who are helping to tackle bladder cancer.”
“Blood in the urine can change the colour of the urine to pink, red or brown, so that is the first sign to focus on and raise awareness of. Other early symptoms can include changes in urination habits such as frequent or sudden urges to urinate, or pain or a burning sensation when urinating. Pelvic or back pain and frequent urinary tract infections may also occur. I know that our NHS works closely with external groups such as Fight Bladder Cancer to raise awareness in the wider community, and I urge NHS boards across the country to continue and elevate that work to improve the wider public’s awareness of bladder cancer and its symptoms.”
“The current cancer strategy adopted by the Scottish Government puts early diagnosis and treatment at its heart. I know that, in turn, the health professionals across our NHS feel the same. We should equip health professionals, in particular those in primary care settings, with the training and support that enables them to work with patients in identifying symptoms early and, if a diagnosis is made, enable expedited access to the cancer care pathways. As I said, however, ensuring that the wider public knows what to look for to help the professionals make a diagnosis is crucial. This has been highlighted, but it is worth repeating: the earliest, and often the first, symptom of bladder cancer is blood in the urine, or haematuria.”
“First, I thank Stuart McMillan for giving us the opportunity to discuss bladder cancer. Mr McMillan has highlighted the topic very well, and I thank him for his insight and information. With more than 1,500 cases of bladder cancer across Scotland every year, it is a health issue that impacts on every corner of Scotland, including people in my South Scotland region. I am pleased that we can reach out to the wider public and raise awareness today of the impact of bladder cancer. Reaching people is crucial for early detection. As with other health conditions, as Stuart McMillan highlighted, the earlier that symptoms are reported and diagnosis takes place, the better the chances for treatment to be effective, and the better the prognosis for patients.”
“NHS Dumfries and Galloway’s resource budget has increased by 22.3 per cent in real terms between 2010-11 and 2025-26, and in cash terms by £218 million between 2006-07 and 2025- 26. Private Health Clinic Visits 5.”
“I recognise that the SNP Government is committed to fully funding our NHS to ensure that patients receive the best possible care. Given the challenges that have been described, will the cabinet secretary outline how NHS Dumfries and Galloway in particular will continue to benefit from record funding—notably that in the 2025-26 Scottish budget? Neil Gray: In the 2025-26 budget, NHS boards received increased investment in their baseline funding, bringing total investment to more than £16.2 billion, with NHS Dumfries and Galloway receiving more than £425 million That represents an increase in investment of £60.7 million compared with 2024-25, including additional funding to provide for prior-year pay deals as well as a range of funding to support vital front-line services.”
“I will try to get in as many supplementaries as I can, but questions and responses will need to be as brief as possible. “Healthy Life Expectancy, 2021-2023” 1.”
“That would definitely bring benefits for the regeneration of communities, while also contributing to our net zero ambitions by reducing the emissions that are caused by demolition and new construction. I am happy to follow up on that with my Government colleagues and to respond to Emma Harper in more detail. The Deputy Presiding Officer: That concludes questions on the rural affairs, land reform and islands portfolio. I apologise to the members I was not able to call. To allow front-bench members to change places, there will be a brief pause before we move to the next portfolio. Health and Social Care The Deputy Presiding Officer: The next portfolio is health and social care. I remind those members who were not in the chamber earlier that we are tight for time across the afternoon.”
“The urban blight and unfulfilled potential of derelict buildings such as the Interfloor factory building in Dumfries have been an issue for many years, and I have campaigned about it, along with residents and businesses. What more could the United Kingdom Government do to change the tax system that it controls to promote refurbishment and regeneration and to avoid people defaulting to demolition purely because of tax regulations? Mairi Gougeon: Discussions are on-going with the UK Government on those issues. One of the best solutions to the discrepancy in the tax treatment of refurbishment and retrofitting would be for the UK Government to equalise the relevant VAT rates.”
“The Thistle pilot will take some time to evaluate, but I can tell the member that, for the 56 people who have been treated for medical emergencies in that facility since it opened its doors, the support that has been provided by the Thistle has undoubtedly been vital, and, for some of them, it has been life saving. We know that, when other people used drugs just like those that were used in the Thistle, they died.”
“In this first quarter, there has been an estimated 33 per cent increase in suspected drug deaths, and, between March and May, there has been a 19 per cent increase in drug-related accident and emergency visits. However, there has been no evaluation or feedback from residents. How can the minister look to open more consumption rooms in Edinburgh, with zero evidence showing that the Thistle has been a success? Maree Todd: As he is a GP, the member will be absolutely aware of the challenges that are being faced here and across the UK and the globe from synthetic opioids, which are a new and dangerous threat to life that we need to take cognisance of, rise to and respond to.”
“My understanding is that the Glasgow site is ready to receive approval of its licence application, and I will raise that with the UK Government next week when the UK and devolved Administrations meet in Edinburgh. We are also working to develop sites in Aberdeen and Dundee and the proposed national testing and research laboratory at the University of Dundee. We have agreed funding for a fourth pilot site in Edinburgh, and we are working with local partners to support them to prepare their own licence application. As I have said, we think that those facilities should be available to everyone who needs them, rather than being restricted to people who are dependent on drugs. That is vital. Sandesh Gulhane: I make a declaration of interests, as I am a practising GP. The Thistle opened in January 2025 at a cost of £2.3 million annually.”
“I welcome the minister’s continued commitment to delivering initiatives that save lives, such as the Thistle centre in Glasgow, the delivery of naloxone kits and the new drug-checking facilities. I note that the minister will meet the UK Government and representatives of other devolved nations to discuss drug-checking facilities. Will she provide an update on how that is progressing and what further action we need to see from the UK Government to instil some pace? Maree Todd: The drug-checking facilities that we have proposed in all our pilot cities will mean that we can get substances tested while people receive personalised harm reduction advice as well as the results. That will enable services to respond faster to emerging drug trends, which is essential given the threat that we face from synthetic opioids.”
“Again, I thank all our dedicated professionals across our NHS, and campaign groups such as Kidney Research UK, for their support towards improving the prognosis for everybody who is affected. 17:59”
“Given the way in which CKD interacts with other health conditions—for example, the risk of its association with high cholesterol and high blood pressure—identifying it at an early stage offers the potential for interventions targeted at those conditions, thereby boosting the health outcomes not just in renal health but across the board. I do not have time today to delve into the detail of the implications of CKD at stage 1 through to stage 4. That would take a whole lecture. However, I welcome the Government’s on-going work on the long-term conditions strategy. The consultation on that has closed recently. I am sure that the Government is working to determine the process for moving forward, so I look forward to hearing the minister’s response.”
“We need to ensure that those professionals who are usually the first to see patients presenting with symptoms have the necessary tools and training to make that diagnosis and get the earliest possible intervention put in place, whether that be a referral to secondary care or simply the identification and management of issues at the local level. Early intervention is key. As with many other conditions, the longer that problems are left untreated, the greater is the potential for long-term complications and more serious medical intervention.”
“It will not be suitable for everyone, but we should strive to make it the default position for those for whom it is suitable, as it will support patients and reduce the pressure on secondary care facilities in our NHS. That embedding of treatment for kidney diseases in our communities is hugely welcome and is evidence of how our health service is developing in the right direction as resources allow and as the medical technology that is available for treatment improves all the time. Embedding also has to include primary care at the GP or community health level.”
“As well as the site at Mountainhall treatment centre—the previous Dumfries and Galloway Royal infirmary site—there are dialysis sites in Stranraer and Kirkcudbright. That saves those who need dialysis as part of their chronic kidney disease treatment from travelling long distances to Dumfries three times a week. I imagine that that would have been quite cumbersome for people before the Stranraer and Kirkcudbright sites opened. Home-first dialysis also offers the potential for a better quality of life for those who receive treatment—in particular, those living in rural areas, who face the biggest practical barriers, as I have just described, to accessing that life-saving support.”
“Many conditions are now treatable and manageable in the long term, and the advances in transplant technology and its availability over the years are incredible. I am a registered nurse, and I worked in California, albeit a long time ago. I had the privilege to be part of the liver transplant team and, on many occasions, took part in kidney and pancreas transplants. I put on record my thanks to everyone in the transplant and dialysis teams and all the support services for all that they do to improve the lives of their patients. The teams offer hope to many who might previously have had no options. In NHS Dumfries and Galloway, in my region, over recent years, there has been an expansion in dialysis services.”
“I thank Kenneth Gibson for lodging the motion, which gives us all an opportunity to highlight the profound impact of chronic kidney disease on individuals, families and our national health service. I, too, welcome the visitors in the gallery, as I do the briefings that we have received. In many ways, chronic kidney disease is a silent epidemic. As has been mentioned, it affects more people in Scotland than cancer—its prevalence is about 3 to 4 per cent. It can have a huge impact on people’s ability to deal with their daily living, and on families. It can hugely affect people’s ability to go about their day-to-day lives, including work. Kenny Gibson has highlighted that well, and I will not rehearse it further. The outlook and prognosis for those living with chronic kidney disease have improved immeasurably over the years.”