Azmoon Ahmad
Singapore
“(d) Even if the information can be provided to the IPR holder after the seizure of infringed goods and security deposit has been placed and supporting documents are submitted, how do we ensure that such information is well-protected and does not fall into the wrong recipient?”
“I have one supplementary question. Can the Senior Parliamentary Secretary share with us how many students were under FAS in 2017? Assoc Prof Dr Muhammad Faishal Ibrahim: I do not have the figures right now. If the Member would like to, he can file another Parliamentary Question.”
“I thank the Senior Minister of State for the elaboration. I have one question. I notice that upon approaching the zebra crossing at every crossroad, it is quite common, at least for me, to see that the PMD riders do not stop but just rush through.”
“While these scenarios are likely and can possibly cause conflict between generations, I believe our Government, and especially the 4G leaders, shall have the wisdom to ensure the needs of all Singaporeans are satisfactorily met and not at the expense of others.”
“Therefore, it is imperative that we should strive to achieve a healthy competition scenario, striking a balance between an open and free market economy against a regimented one. Like many situations, an acceptable and optimum condition can only be achieved if the surrounding parameters are monitored and managed.”
“I thank the Minister for the answer. May I know what is the appropriate target that MENDAKI has set in order to have this so-called repayment rate to be acceptable? Assoc Prof Dr Yaacob Ibrahim: Sir, the overall circumstance has to do with the amount of reserves that we need to keep in MENDAKI. MENDAKI is a Self-Help Group.”
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“I just have one supplementary question to the Senior Minister of State. How much improvement has been made before and after the implementation of the new technology for the leak detection? Can she share this information?”
“Can the Minister help by sharing the statistics on the success rate by ethnicities of PMETs, especially for the Malay community?”
“Before marriage, it is mandatory for teenage couples to obtain permission from their parents. This is stated in the Act. What if they are orphans and have no other relatives? Are there any exceptions made for them? It is essential for us to understand how we can plan strategic measures to prevent adverse trends and manage high-risk marriages within our community together. Madam, AMLA provides direction for our Muslim community when making decisions in our daily lives. It is important. The proposed changes in this Bill are in line with Islamic tenets and move with the times. Let us put them in practice as best as we can together. (In English): The amendments must also be viewed in a balanced fashion, I feel. Firstly, it should be upholding our Islamic principles and practices. Secondly, it is also important for us to know that the day-to-day family and community life of Muslims in a multi-racial community is important. This balance is important. The equilibrium, Madam, is critical. I support the Bill. 4.07 pm”
“On the issue and principle of faraidh, due to the differences between Shi'ite and Sunni Muslims regarding inheritance matters, misunderstandings and confusion sometimes occur. Can the Minister clarify whether certain requests had to be done by some parties, and how it was done? Are there any legal processes that should be followed by these parties and where can comprehensive advice be obtained on this matter, apart from visiting MUIS' website? Can the Minister also clarify about the usage of wasiyyah, who should obtain it and from where? For those who have adopted children or family members who have converted to Islam, what are the steps that they should take regarding this issue of faraidh? What about Muslims whose parents are non-Muslims? On strengthening Muslim families in Singapore, regarding marriage preparation courses, apart from minor couples, can every couple who want to marry undergo this course, because it has many benefits as well as resource sharing that these couples can use in their marriage? This is especially so for those who are married more than once or marry more than one wife. So far, how many people in Singapore have married more than one wife within the past five years? Is there a particular trend that can be observed among such marriages and what is the divorce rate for such couples? What about those who went through a divorce and then remarried? What are the measures taken to monitor the condition of the new marriages? What is being done about the issue of men who remarried but are unable to pay for the maintenance of their ex-wives and children? This problem is still apparent and a burden in our community and it is one of the most visible problems in Singapore.”
“The Minister has elaborated earlier, but I would like to still enquire: are there specific guidelines which need to be adhered to with is new amendment? Can the Minister also elaborate on the "education component" of MBMF and what exactly it can be used for because there was mention of a Wakaf Ilmu and the Madrasah Fund? But is it just going to be utilised for educational infrastructure or also eligible for educational programmes and software which involve education and teaching? On the Code of Ethics for asatizah, a list of guides and characteristics is given in the Annex to this Bill. Can I ask the Minister how these assessments are going to be conducted and carried out? Are they going to be on an ad hoc basis, through their supervisors, mentors or feedback from the congregation, their students and peers, or are there formal appraisal processes that are going to be put in place? This is timely and it is important for us to understand as these issues need to be treated with greater transparency, especially in today's climate and the numerous challenges in the Muslim world. Section 46B also mentions an update on the payment of prescribed fees for the divorce to be registered. How much are these fees? Is there going to be any change? And I feel it should not be so low that the parties involved do not feel any pinch at all. Madam, in Malay. (In Malay): [Please refer to Vernacular Speech.] AMLA was tabled in Parliament in 1966 by Mr Othman Wok and Prof Ahmad Ibrahim. It provides guidance and acts as a point of reference for Muslims in Singapore in the management of their affairs, as well as their family matters. These issues include zakat, wakaf, family, faraidh and others.”
“Pertaining to the Appeals Board, what and who are the composition of this board and based on what criteria are the members selected? The procedures and processes highlighted are a necessity and help keep checks and balances in couples considering divorce. However, how do we ensure that the timeline for these processes and waiting times are within certain set limits and KPIs as, very often, we hear of issues and feedback pertaining to the long waiting and processing times which may drag on for months and, in some cases, even years? Perhaps, setting an average timeline or a range of timelines would be useful because the families tend to suffer during this waiting period. Despite being time consuming, I do feel that this counselling is important as it can be the point where couples are made to realise the potential for reconciliation, thus saving their marriages and families. Next, on wakaf issues. Pertaining to the sinking funds, are there certain set limits and criteria for this? There is mention of a "case-by-case" basis in the Bill, but are there other criteria which will be utilised and adopted with the new amended Act? Can the Minister also outline what the Dispute Resolution Framework for wakaf issues consist of and what it is going to entail. With the passing of the amendment Bill, I feel it would be an opportune time for MUIS and the community to embark on a public education discourse amongst the existing mutawallis, as well as the responsibilities of wakaf management, so that we can be as professional as possible in its execution. Next, on MBMF. With the new increased rate payable per month, can we get an update on the expanded use of the funds?”
“I just hope that we could do this more regularly, at smaller intervals, as we need to be in sync with the changes in national policies. With this, I support the Bill. 3.58 pm Assoc Prof Fatimah Lateef (Marine Parade): Madam, AMLA provides Muslims with the option to have their personal and family affairs governed by Islamic law. Throughout the years, as our Muslim community evolved and our own Syariah law jurisprudence developed, various amendments have been made to AMLA. There are also increasing numbers of Singaporean Muslims who are living or working overseas, thus bringing forth new considerations for the Act. Syariah law has always existed alongside other normative systems. The adoption and implementation of Syariah law in countries with Muslim minority communities has always been an active topic of discussion and debate. Firstly, let me touch on family and child matters. On section 43A and B, can we be updated on how good the compliance rate is with counselling that has been implemented and conducted thus far? What are some of the more pressing reasons for defaulters and how are we able to work with the couples involved to reduce the rate in future cases, especially as we are making certain practices compulsory with this new amendment? Studying and understanding these reasons will be able to help us strategise so that our counsellors and community can anticipate the potential issues and address them in planning future interventions. On the new section 46A, can the Minister update us on what are the criteria required in the submission of the "parenting plan"? How is this going to be executed and how will they assist couples who are in the process of divorce?”
“Without these amendments, the problem of wakaf mismanagement by a mutawalli who is unqualified and irresponsible will probably continue. It may even be more prevalent in the future if this issue is not managed immediately. On the other hand, the enforcement of this proposed amendment can be viewed as an intrusion into a private matter regarding wakaf management. Hence, how can we resolve this issue that appears simple, but is actually complex? I feel that the best solution to this matter is through education. Each mutawalli should be trained and taught about the responsibility and role that they should play. Any failure on their part to deliver what is expected of them should result in intervention by the authorities. The final point that I would like to highlight is about hibah in connection with HDB flats. There was a case in the High Court dated 11 July 2017 which featured someone who should have inherited an HDB flat in accordance with a hibah agreement, but was rejected by HDB on the basis that the agreement using hibah cannot be accepted by HDB and it contravenes HDB's rules. This clearly showed that hibah in connection with HDB flats is still not accepted. I would like to suggest that an amendment should immediately be made to AMLA and that synchronisation with HDB rules should be done, so that this issue of hibah in connection with HDB flats can be resolved. I hope that the concerns that I have shared can be resolved. I also hope that the proposed amendments can help local Muslim Singaporeans overcome the problems that we are facing. (In English): The amendments to AMLA are timely and are seen to be taking the path in the right direction.”
“I agree and can understand why this amendment is proposed, especially if the wali involved is not the biological father of the bride. On the other hand, imposing similar requirements on the biological father is not only viewed as illogical, but it can be considered as a violation of a father's rights in the marriage of his daughter. Hence, I appeal that this amendment be given further consideration. Amendment to section 58. The amendment to the Act under section 58 touches on the issue of wakaf management, which allows MUIS to manage disputes that may occur. Previously, disputes involving wakaf were usually referred to the High Court, but, now, it will only be referred to MUIS' office. Because the issue of wakaf is usually related to Syariah law, it is more appropriate for this matter to be administered by an authority like MUIS. This proposal hopes to resolve disputes in wakaf management quickly. Therefore, I think that this is a good move and positive development. I am confident that this will lead to a more proper and effective management of wakaf. The amendment to section 74 touches on the appointment of a mutawalli for wakaf management, which needs to be approved by the authorities. One difficulty faced regarding wakaf management is that it is a personal issue. Hence, how much should the authority be involved in this matter? If the appointed mutawalli is unable to perform the duty and role that should be played, should the authorities intervene and resolve it? Should a mutawalli be subject to specific requirements so that they are aware of their role and duty? What is a mutawalli expected to do when they take on this role? The proposed amendments to section 74 are complex.”
“Such actions will make the situation clearer and complete the divorce process. Although divorce is discouraged and undesirable, this kind of responsible action should be supported. However, not all divorce cases can be managed in a mature manner and end with a fair and equitable outcome. In fact, based on studies and feedback that I have obtained from Malay/Muslim social organisations, there are many divorce cases that end with the wives losing out. Statistical information from random studies conducted by a VWO showed that, generally, men are the main cause of the problem of divorce within our community. Is this amendment sufficient and able to solve the problem that I mentioned? I do not think so. What we should emphasise is that men should act fairly and responsibly when divorce and its subsequent processes commence. From the moment the talak is pronounced, men should be mandated as the party that commences the divorce and its subsequent processes until its completion. The failure of men to comply with and fulfil this requirement can result in the Syariah Court taking appropriate action. I, therefore, call for some groups and authorities, like MUIS, to study this matter more carefully. I appeal to all those involved to pay close attention to this matter so that women and children who are affected can be protected and undergo this unfortunate process fairly. Madam, I will now touch on the third part, amendment to section 95. The amendment to the Act under section 95 touches on matters regarding marriage by a wali who should be approved by a Kadi from MUIS, which includes the biological father of the bride. I would like to voice my unhappiness that this amendment also includes and is imposed on the biological father of the bride.”
“In addition, Muslim Singaporeans here are especially safeguarded with the establishment of AMLA that enables a part of the Syariah law to be administered, together with secular law, as much as possible. Mdm Speaker, I welcome the proposed amendments to AMLA, especially since much has changed in our country and it has been a while since it was last amended. For instance, issues like housing policies have changed several times to the point that it affects family unity and social problems like divorce have become more prevalent, and we should use all of these as a basis to constantly review the Act and its relevance to our daily lives. Overall, the proposed amendments being tabled are quite encouraging and timely. However, there are certain aspects that raised my doubts and concern. Therefore, I would like to touch on them and elaborate further. Firstly, the amendment to section 35. The amendment to the Act under section 35 touches on divorce matters and aims to introduce requirements based on the period of residence. This is reasonable and should be supported. With this amendment, divorce can take place for Muslim couples who have resided in Singapore for at least three years. Hence, foreign Muslim couples who cannot fulfil this requirement are automatically not allowed to choose Singapore as the centre for their divorce. This amendment strengthens certain requirements and manages the issue of divorce from the perspective of foreign couples. Second, the amendment relating to section 46B. The amendment to the Act under section 46B touches on divorce matters which will allow a man to apply to the Syariah Court for the divorce process to commence after pronouncing the talak to his wife. This is reasonable.”
“Mdm Speaker and all present in the House today, good afternoon, especially to the Minister-in-charge of Muslim Affairs. Singapore is a nation of multi-racial and religious beliefs. Her citizens enjoy a high standard of living with peace and stability since more than 50 years ago. The harmonious relations amongst the various races and ethnic groups which we enjoy is not at all by chance, but a deliberate effort and action amongst all, together with the Government, in forging understanding, tolerance and acceptance on the differences with regard to religion and practices which are deemed as sensitive. As a secular state, Singapore allows its citizens to make their choice of religious beliefs and practices freely and openly. Muslims are assured, through the formation of AMLA, whose purpose is to supplement and harmonise the enactment of laws for Muslims with respect to Syariah and secular laws. Mdm Speaker, please allow me to deliver the bulk of my speech in Malay. (In Malay): [Please refer to Vernacular Speech.] I would like to wish a good afternoon to the Minister-in-charge of Muslim Affairs and also to all parliamentary colleagues who are present. Our country is a multiracial and multi-religious nation whose people have enjoyed a peaceful existence for over 50 years. The stability and racial harmony that we all experience throughout the years did not appear and happen by chance. Instead, it is the result of a unified effort and understanding among all Singaporeans, as well as a Government that is attentive to matters concerning religion which can be quite complex and sensitive. As a secular nation, Singapore allows its people to choose their own faith and practise it.”
“With that Mdm Speaker, I support the Bill. 5.02 pm”
“On the positive side, this allows the Government to ensure that the economy is stable and to manage the effects the resolution of these distressed FIs will have on the markets. Balancing the needs of our financial industry to be open and vibrant against a stable and dependable one is tricky. Nevertheless, I support the move. Turning to clause 27, Bail-in instruments. The amendment to the Bill will empower MAS to bail-in instruments of ownership and liabilities of the affected FI. The approach of a free market and the belief that the market will correct itself in times of financial market turmoil has proven to be very costly from past experiences. Previously, affected shareholders and creditors of distressed FIs will suffer huge financial losses when distressed FIs have to wind up. The almost unlimited exposure of shareholders and creditors when closure and winding up of an FI happens, has a devastating effect, if not a spiral-down consequence. The impact of a totally free and open market, when it turns south, is, indeed, a national worry. Thus, the amendments which provide MAS the call to bail-in these institutions, affording shareholders and creditors a greater amount of protection, are welcomed. On the flip side, will this lead to a direction where our FIs are seen on a path that is less than robust? Are we not leading our FIs to be less resilient? Will this amendment also lead to our shareholders and creditors being less sensitive in making decisions and choices since the amendment may provide the protection? Will this lead to an erosion of our financial industry in the eyes of the international financial community? While it may, I believe the pros outweigh the cons − a positive change to the Bill which I support. I applaud the suggestion to this amendment.”
“Mdm Speaker, MAS is Singapore's central bank and one of the many functions it performs is to oversee all FIs in Singapore − be it banks or the stock exchange − operate responsibly and with accountability with respect to the accepted international financial and regulatory framework. MAS also promotes a strong corporate governance framework and ensures that Singapore financial industry remains vibrant, dynamic and competitive in order to promote Singapore as a regional and international financial centre. The proposed amendments are very encouraging as they are aimed at enhancing the robustness and stability of our financial market. Herewith, I would like to point at some which I believe are in the right step and direction. However, it must be noted that some may be misinterpreted and taken negatively, especially if we aspire our financial market to be recognised as free and open. Turning to clause 12 which, if I can interpret it well, is Recovery and Resolution Planning for FIs. This clause gives MAS powers to direct FIs that are facing financial pressure to come up with a recovery plan and direct that institution to take certain measures for its orderly resolution. While I see the need for MAS to be "on top of things", this can also be misinterpreted as a significant intrusion into FIs' autonomy to carry out their own affairs and could represent some form of governmental intervention into how they manage their affairs, in the event that such institutions face financial turmoil. As an international financial centre, the grey line between open and free, against managed financial framework, may make up a significant difference in decision-making for any international investor and FI.”
“They would have also known and able to detect and discern if any abuse of power is exercised by anyone or by any authority. They would have also understood the seriousness of their allegation which propelled them to bring it into the open, and, lastly, they must also have been aware of the consequence if the allegation made is baseless. While there is neither clear nor conclusive evidence provided hitherto by the accusers, I would like to suggest that we treat it seriously and launch further investigations into this matter. We should allow the accusers to present their case and provide evidence to an Independent Committee or Commission of Inquiry so as to ensure open and fair treatment. It will be our duty as parliamentarians and lawmakers to ensure that such serious matters are properly dealt with. I believe every Singaporean has the right to know and hear the full extent of this important matter. I am of the opinion that failure to address this allegation and to handle it with utmost transparency and impartiality may lead to a retardation of trust in our Public Service. Henceforth, I urge the House and the relevant authority to take a similar stand in ensuring that the image and excellent reputation of our Public Service institution are safeguarded. Mdm Speaker, I have confidence and look forward to the resolution of the matters that I have highlighted. 1.36 pm”
“From meritocracy to good governance in our institutions, especially Public Service, these are some of the principles and attributes which I believe the late Mr Lee Kuan Yew would want Singapore and Singaporeans to keep and maintain in future. And I sincerely believe this will be more effective and sustainable. Let us leave the decision on the fate of 38 Oxley Road to the family of the late Mr Lee Kuan Yew. Like many of us, including myself, we always wish such decision be made private and I hope we can give just that and our respect. If needed, we may want to consider a replica of 38 Oxley Road on another location, or even a small park as a commemoration. Next, I would like to touch on the issue of abuse of power. Mdm Speaker, the siblings of our Prime Minister highlighted the issue of "abuse of power". I regard this issue as a serious allegation which we cannot ignore. Any allegations on our Prime Minister shall not be downplayed, neither should it be dismissed and it must be substantiated with evidence of such. While this is not evidently clear, I believe it warrants attention based on the following reasons. The accusers, Dr Lee Wei Ling and Mr Lee Hsien Yang are the siblings of the Prime Minister and the children of the late Mr Lee Kuan Yew, our most respected leader in our nation's history. They are not nobody. They hold respected positions in their own field. They have lived with the system of governance throughout their lives in Singapore, which made them very much aware of the pits and falls of the system. They must have also understood their late father's views on the principles of the system of governance which has been the hallmark of Singapore's excellence and world-class reputation.”
“Several counter arguments were raised and various ideas were mooted so as to commemorate and make a remembrance of his great contribution to Singapore's success and what Singapore has become today. Again and again, these suggestions had been rejected by him. A statement that I could not phrase exactly and that has the message which caught my attention was: "If you wish to remember me and my contribution, just look around you." And I thought this statement encapsulates the spirit and essence of his wish. The late Lee Kuan Yew's contribution is everywhere around us, not only clean roads, not only green plants and trees, not only modern buildings and first-class economy, but it is more than that. The late Mr Lee Kuan Yew's contribution to our nation is immense. He left behind a system and system of governance which are envied by many nations, big and small. Singapore's achievement from third-world to first-world status is phenomenal. He transformed the little red dot into a developed nation with first-class airport, first-class airline, first-class maritime port, high employment and GDP per capita, high literacy rate and many more; a nation based on meritocracy and a champion of corruption-free principles. He was the architect of these attributes. Thirty-eight Oxley Road is too small to remember this great man. I wish that every Singaporean and future ones know what he has done and achieved. What better way than to instil knowledge into our young and future generations through education in schools. Let us invite into our school education curriculum on what the late Mr Lee Kuan Yew wants us to be, based on his principles and beliefs. Education should be used as the platform for us to remember and commemorate his contribution.”
“Good afternoon, Mdm Speaker, and good afternoon to all present in the House. Mdm Speaker, in the last couple of weeks, Singaporeans and the international community seem to have established a common fixation in the media. While most of the time, whenever Singapore is mentioned internationally, more often than not, it would have been accolades and achievements rather than negativities. Unfortunately, this time around, we seem to have attracted international and media attention for the wrong reasons. That is my opinion. The subject matter is none other than the family feud of the late Lee Kuan Yew's family with regard to the property at 38 Oxley Road and the allegation of the abuse of power of our Prime Minister and his colleagues. To Mr Prime Minister, I would like to express my regrets on the current situation in which he and his siblings are embroiled in. I am certain no one would like to be in this situation. For that, he has my sympathy. I wish and hope, through time, that he and his siblings will be able to make amends, re-establish and re-build the family bond, which will be the wish of every parent, even when they have passed on. First, I would like to touch on the 38 Oxley Road issue. Mdm Speaker, the issue of the property at 38 Oxley Road somehow intrigued me. To demolish or not, it has now become a point of contention between the siblings of our Prime Minister. I have always had the understanding that the late Lee Kuan Yew had always wanted the house at 38 Oxley Road to be demolished, after his and his daughter's passing. I have always had the understanding that he wished not that the house be turned into a monument and expressed this openly while he was still alive.”
“Hence, the impact of job loss is very serious and can haunt us in the long run. In order to eradicate the possible social problems that may arise, it is imperative for us to ensure that every individual who lost their jobs is helped and be able to rejoin the workforce as soon as possible. This will ensure that their financial situation will remain stable. We can, therefore, avoid the undesirable social problems that may appear in the future. Although MOM provides various schemes and programmes, it was found that not many affected Malay/Muslim individuals sought MOM's help as compared to the other races. Therefore, I would like to suggest that action should not be undertaken by MOM solely and, in fact, we should also mobilise the efforts of major Malay/Muslim bodies like AMP, MENDAKI, PPIS and Jamiyah. These Malay/Muslim bodies can play a role as agents of MOM and help those who are affected. (In English): Mr Deputy Speaker, the involvement of the self-help groups or VWOs and MMOs is a very important step in dealing with our social problems. Their involvement with MOM, in order to facilitate as an agent for MOM, to engage individuals who have lost their jobs and get back into the workforce is so important, in my opinion, which will help the country to avoid long-term social issues. I hope the Finance Ministry can look into this and provide the necessary financial help and funds to the self-help groups in order to be able to make this a success. With that, Mr Deputy Speaker, I support Budget 2017.”
“As such, MOM will have a kind of mini-MOM at the various VWOs and SHGs. In doing so, we can expect a better outreach to the affected workers or PMETs, with the objective of placing them back in the workforce as soon as possible. This is with the belief that we should thwart future potential social problems by ensuring that our affected workers are unperturbed by the disruption in their job, leading to a stable financial position. Mr Deputy Speaker, I shall deliver the following speech in Malay. (In Malay): [Please refer to Vernacular Speech.] Good evening. Firstly, I would like to thank Minister Heng Swee Keat for Budget 2017 which he presented earlier. It is a noteworthy Budget that aims to ensure job security for Singaporeans by proposing measures to assist the smaller firms (SMEs) and preparing our country for challenges in the long term, in line with the recommendations by CFE. However, I would like to express my concern on the uncertain and worrying economic outlook in the coming years in 2017 and 2018. If this situation persists, I am certain that retrenchments will still occur, similar to what we have witnessed in 2016. It is very important to look at the impact on families when a person had the misfortune of losing his job. It is very likely that this will affect the family's finances and stability and, hence, will result in a situation that is both significant and worrying. The bigger impact is the likelihood that this will result in social problems, for instance, dysfunctional families, drugs, youth issues, children borne out of wedlock and so on. This phenomenon was observed in a short research conducted by AMP in 2015. This process will take place over a relatively long period of time.”
“If this trend prevails, more job layoffs and retrenchments may occur, especially affecting the professionals, managers, executives and technicians (PMETs). Of particular concern are the middle- and low-income segments, which the Malay/Muslim community is a big part of. While I appreciate the slew of schemes and programmes that MOF and MOM have taken and embarked on, this may not be sufficient to circumvent the problems that it may entail. In fact, anecdotally, it is said that there are not many Malay/Muslim clients who have come forward to MOM, after being retrenched, to seek help in finding new jobs, or even for advice to take up the various schemes and programmes that MOM has to offer. It could be due to many factors which led to this phenomenon. Understandably, this is logical as it is quite normal that a person's self-esteem is negatively affected after such an experience, which may make him to react as such. However, I believe that the affected worker may be open to engagement to his or her own community organisation like AMP, Majlis Pendidikan Anak-Anak Islam (MENDAKI), Persatuan Pemudi Islam Singapura (PPIS) or Jamiyah. I guess they may be more comfortable to relate and be advised on the available options which MOM has to offer. Hence, I would like to suggest the following idea. Can some of the work done by MOM in engaging the outplaced individuals be "outsourced" and handled and managed by some of the credible Malay/Muslim Organisations (MMOs) or even self-help groups (SHGs)? The chosen or appointed MMOs can play an important role in trying to ensure that the affected workers can be counselled and engaged so as to try to have them back in the workforce. This work must be done in conjunction with MOM.”
“Be it issues related to drugs, underperformance in academic studies, juvenile delinquency or even teenage pregnancy, and many more, one of the main root causes will often, more than not, stem from dysfunctional families. A study made by AMP then showed a strong correlation between dysfunctional families and the financial instability of the family. The more unstable the financial position of the family is, the higher the correlation to dysfunctional family will be. The difficult part with regard to this phenomenon is time. The whole process leading to the social problems is usually a long one. It is not immediate. When a family becomes financially unstable which can lead to social problems may take many years. The impact can only be seen much later in time. When this process starts and ends with a social problem, then a new vicious social problem cycle exists and even starts, unless we intervene. Simply said, a family with a sound and stable financial position will have a better chance to be not dysfunctional, hence will also mean a higher chance to stay out of the social problems, hence lower social issues. As such, being employed and staying employed are the best assurances to keep our social problems at bay. I guess you do not have to be a rocket scientist to understand this. Thus, in our quest to eradicate, if not, minimise problems, it is best to ensure high employment as much as possible. And I am sure this sentiment is also strongly shared by Minister Lim Swee Say, I believe. The less social problem we have, the healthier we are as a nation. In my view, the worrying downward trend of the economy is expected not to get any better in 2017 and 2018.”
“Mr Deputy Speaker, good evening and good evening to all Members of the House. First, let me deliver my speech in English and later in Malay. First, let me express my appreciation to the Finance Minister for the delivery of Budget 2017. It is a Budget that I consider as targeted at ensuring continued employment and employability for our citizens by helping to keep our SMEs afloat and sustainable in this choppy and uncertain economic trend and yet, preparing the nation for the long-term challenges as recommended by CFE. While I applaud the various measures and "goodies" that have been suggested, I would also like to highlight the worrying trend on the rate of job redundancies that has occurred in 2016. If my facts are right, there were several layoffs late last year which account to more than 10,000 jobs being lost. While this can be considered as small in percentage, it also means that the same number would have lost their income stream, which also means that the same number of families is now being impacted. What would this mean if we are to relate it socially? What does it mean to those families who have school-going children? How will this impact us in the next 10 years, or will this, at all, have any impact? The biggest question is: what does it mean when someone loses a job today and, 10 years later, what will that be? Before I proceed further, please allow me to share and relate the experiences which I gained whilst I was serving as a Board Member of the Association of Muslim Professionals (AMP) on many of the community activities there. Many social issues which the Malay/Muslim community faced then and now, can be traced back to dysfunctional families as one of the several main root causes.”
“I would like to have a clarification from the Minister. Does the Ministry make a difference between a driverless car and an AV?”
“If it is not allowed, is there enforcement taken and how many such illegal drivers have been prosecuted? Another point I want to raise is the question of illegal modifications of motor vehicles. I hope the Ministry will be very strict with cars which are being used for private hire, to ensure that passengers are not exposed to any danger arising from such modifications. Some of these modifications would allow drivers to drive at very dangerous speeds, putting passengers at risk. Most important is that the insurance for liability may be void arising from modifications. Please allow me to summarise in Chinese. (In Mandarin): [Please refer to Vernacular Speech.] MOT is amending the law to regulate the private hire car industry, so that consumers can enjoy higher levels of service and safety. There are a few areas that I hope the Government can pay attention to. First, with more private hire cars on the road, will they be allowed to use taxi stands in the future? Considering that most taxi stands can only cater to a few taxis, will this affect the traffic condition on the street? Does the Government plan to increase facilities in this area? Second, there was talk that Malaysians holding social visit passes are now coming to Singapore to drive private hire cars. Can the Minister clarify whether there are restrictions on the kind of permit that private hire car drivers must have and how the Government is going to enforce these restrictions? Third, the Government should have strict controls to ensure that private hire cars are not illegally modified because this could affect passengers' safety and insurance coverage. Obviously, we cannot ignore the impact on taxi drivers. I hope taxi companies can reduce the rentals and the fares to help their drivers. 6.16 pm”
“Another thing is to get rid of all forms of surcharges and, hopefully, by doing all these, it can bring more income or make taxis more competitive so that the taxi drivers' income will not be affected so much. Next is infrastructure. What is the Ministry doing to improve certain infrastructure to cope with the higher number of such private hire cars on the road? For example, will these private hire cars be allowed to use the taxi stands to alight and pick up passengers? If so, many of our taxi stands are often choked with a long line of cabs. Sometimes, the queue tails back to a turning traffic-light junction. Thus, even other motorists are unable to turn and this results in a traffic snarl. For example, it is an almost daily occurrence at the taxi stand at Bugis Junction where taxis queueing to go into the taxi bay cause a tailback and it gets worse with buses and delivery vans all in the line. Most of our taxi stands cater to just three to four taxis and we may need to review future taxi stands when we build them, depending on their location. We now also know that there are private car operators who are ferrying school children to and from school, in direct competition with school bus operators. I am all for competition so that there is no monopoly for one group of people. But because school children need to be with trustworthy people and safe drivers at all times, we should look into the safety and security of such arrangements. How is the Ministry to regulate this group of car hire operators? Next, I would like to ask the Minister: is there any restriction on the nationality of the drivers of these private hire cars? There was talk that Malaysians are coming here to drive these cars while on social visit passes. Is this allowed?”
“The private hire car drivers should go through proper training, adhere to certain rules while carrying passengers and, most of all, be screened to ensure that only those with good character are given a licence. What I hope is that the service quality will improve, now that there is more competition. The improvements in service will also go some way in contributing to the Government's car-lite policy as, hopefully, more people will opt for public transport. Having said that, I would like to raise the following questions. First, is there any change in the minimum age of the driver because, currently, for drivers of Uber or Grab cars, those as young as 21 years old are allowed to drive? Based on the feedback from my residents, they feel that these drivers are too young, whereas, for taxi drivers, they must be, at the minimum, 30 years old. So, is there a revision in this minimum age? Secondly, many taxi drivers have fed back that their livelihood is adversely affected and they need more help from taxi companies. The taxi companies should re-examine their business models. I would like to applaud "Trans-Cab slashes taxi rebates/SMRT launches new scheme allowing drivers to rent taxi by hours". Perhaps, more can be done. To the passengers, what they normally consider are speed and fare. The one who can come the fastest, the better; and the one the cheaper, the better. To the taxi drivers, there are also two variables to their income ‒ the rental and the taxi fares ‒ and both are fixed by taxi companies. I would like to urge the taxi companies to see what more they can do and see whether they can further reduce the rentals and the fares, like what has been done in Tokyo where they had just recently revised their base fare from ¥730 to ¥430, a 40% reduction.”
“Current motor vehicles with the same capacity class are now packed with an array of new technologies, like turbo and electronic injection engine and more sophisticated software-controlled powertrain, which render "similar" class motor vehicles a completely different machine and performance. A diesel-powered motor vehicle used to be regarded as environmentally-unfriendly. However, with the advancement and introduction of new technologies, new diesel engines which meet the Euro-V requirements can even be "cleaner" and environmentally-friendlier than some petrol-powered motor vehicles. Thus, this advancement in the automobile industry should motivate us to make a regular self-check on our classification of motor vehicles. I believe it would be wise if the classification of motor vehicles is to include and consider other aspects, such as impact on our environment. As such, I support the need to relook and review our motor vehicle classification. It is even heartening to know that in trying to address the need to be quick and nimble in adapting to the fast changes in automotive technologies, the classification of motor vehicles will be managed by LTA through published gazette. With that, Mdm Speaker, I support the Bill. 6.09 pm Er Dr Lee Bee Wah (Nee Soon): Mdm Speaker, the rise of Uber and Grab is welcomed by many. It provides alternatives for those who want to have a chauffeured car and it also provides additional income to many who are willing to work hard. However, for the safety of all commuters and other road users, it is good that we put in place some form of regulations on the operators of private hire cabs and their drivers.”
“The fourth question, how do we ensure that the related laws, rules and regulations are put in place so as to ensure that operators, users as well as the public's interests are protected and served, when the unwanted happens? The last question, in any unwanted situation, like an accident, immediate human attention is always needed. Should we not make a point that every AV must always have an operator, that is, a person inside, even though if the vehicle is deemed and declared as AV-certified? I am not at all suggesting at all that we avoid moving into this new area of development. On the contrary, I believe we should engage and prepare ourselves to embrace and manage it. Autonomous driving and AVs will come sooner or later, with its related technological advancement. We should take steps and work faster than ever to make our laws, rules and regulations to accommodate this new automotive innovation. Referring to our Road Traffic (Amendment) Bill, I wish to see more proposed changes in future, so that we keep abreast with the new development in the automotive industry and technologies. I would even suggest that a panel of experts be assembled to engage this new area of development. As such, I support the Bill. The second part of my concern, Mdm Speaker, is that the classification of our motor vehicles has been in force since I can remember. I believe there has been good intention in doing this. The categorisation which has been formulated has served us well. However, motor vehicle technologies have changed and improved, for the better. Citing an example, a 1,000 cc capacity engine motor vehicle designed and manufactured in the 1980s is no longer comparable with the ones today.”
“However, not substantial enough, in my view, to motivate the general mass who have decided to own a vehicle to switch to an environmentally-friendly one. Thus, I urge the authorities to continue and rigorously review our Traffic Road Act so as to keep up with the changing times and serve what it is meant to be, that is, to protect and serve the interest of all. Let me now turn to AVs. A decade ago, AVs were something which we never thought could be a reality in our daily lives. At that time, it was more like a science fiction. However, today, AVs are already running on the road in the USA and generally accepted as the new and "in-thing" innovation within the automotive industry. It is also expected to spread into countries and cities within the next decade, where the infrastructure is ready and available. Being and wanting to be a global city, Singapore has not much choice but to embrace this new development. While I am for the change and moving ahead together with this new development, I also have concerns. I am unsure if our current Road Traffic Act is geared to meet the challenges which this new automotive innovation brings along with it. Let me share those concerns as follows. First, can an AV be allowed to be operated on our public road without a driver, meaning driverless? Perhaps, not today, but it will be sometime in the future, I presume. The second question, should we not distinguish the difference between an AV and a driverless vehicle? The third question, how do we ensure that the concerned AV is being certified fit for use on our roads where we have constraints in terms of infrastructure, which is not the same as compared to the other global cities? Do we have the expertise and the capability to do this?”
“Mdm Speaker, good afternoon. It is timely that the Road Traffic Act (Cap 276), which is now being proposed to be updated to keep up with the changing automotive landscape not only in Singapore but also with other progressive global cities. Having been involved in the automotive industry for more than 30 years, I can safely say that the changes in the automotive industry are only the beginning, if not more has yet to come. In supporting the Bill, I would like to highlight two points, which I believe we need to give further attention to, namely: AVs and also in relation to the automated vehicle technology; and classification of vehicles as stipulated by the amendment in clause 4. Before I elaborate further, please allow me to share my personal experience which happened many years ago. It was somewhere in the year 2009/2010 when I was scouting for a new vehicle. I decided to try something new, which was to switch to an environmentally-friendly vehicle, with the aim to play my part as a responsible world citizen by considering either an electric vehicle or a hybrid. Almost all went well, until the last minute of the discussion, when I learned that the road tax for the hybrid vehicle which I was about to purchase was much more than the petrol-driven version − being reasoned as having a dual-motor system as a basis of the road tax computation. I was shocked and taken aback. How could this be? Cutting the story short, in consequence, I did not proceed with the purchase. I felt the rule at that time was not somehow in sync with the expectation and the changing automotive landscape. Glad to say, today, this rule has meanwhile been updated.”
“As a proponent of affirmative action and without compromising our principles of meritocracy, I fully support this provision and call upon capable Malay individuals who qualify and meet the requirements as set forth in the eligibility criteria, to step forward and respond to the next Presidential Election. With all being said, I am of the opinion that we deal and discuss too much quantitatively on the Elected Presidency. Notwithstanding the need to suffice the custodial role, I fear that we have forgotten to stress the importance and salient characteristics of a President as a symbolic figure of the nation as well as a unifier across all Singaporeans. Getting a candidate truly to meet these should be the primary driving force – a President representing the heart and soul of our nation, whom we all can depend on, cutting across all sorts of divides. Majulah Singapura.”
“Let us together prove to our fellow countrymen, that the Malays, as a minority community, are capable and have candidates who are as qualified as the other communities. After 50 years of separation from our neighbouring country, and throughout that period, we have been self-reliant and became a part of Singapore's modernity through meritocracy, and thus I am confident that there are those among us who have progressed and become successful in in their respective fields. Do not hesitate. Put yourself forward if you are capable. Turn yourself into someone who will be the pride of our community. Prove that our community has progressed and is able to come up with an excellent candidate. In conclusion, although this provision will be implemented only for the Malay minority group this time round, I am certain that the Malay community has qualified candidates. Therefore, let us use this opportunity in a positive manner. I will now deliver the rest of my speech in English. (In English): Mdm Speaker, summarisng my speech, I would like to highlight the following three points. First, that we reconsider widening the notion of the most senior executive to include those whom I have mentioned, like the COO and CFO, to be considered too, within this "most senior executive" framework. Let us device a criterion which truly measures one's capability, not just through numbers as proxies, but through his/her exemplary behaviours, accomplishments and involvements in the development for the betterment of the larger Singaporean society.”
“Or is this something bad and we should feel concerned or suspicious? We can look at any issue from two perspectives, either from a healthy viewpoint or otherwise. Taking a positive perspective, I feel that this is a very encouraging step, especially since we would like to fulfil and realise the principle of multiracialism that we have always accepted in our country. This principle of multiracialism that we have always treasured since having Independence for 50 years is not something that we should merely say and write about but, more than that, it is something that should be implemented and practised, similar to the objective of the provision of the five-term hiatus. Does this mean that a President from the minority group, including Malays, can only assume the office of the Elected President once every five terms? The answer is definitely no. Each candidate from the minority group, be it from the Malay, Indian and also Eurasian community, will all have the chance and can participate and contest in every Presidential election. If elected, this provision will only be reconsidered, if there are no Presidents from the minority group in the next five terms. What is important is that each candidate must fulfil the established conditions if he or she would like to contest in the Elected Presidential elections. Through that, the principle of meritocracy can be achieved together with the principle of multiracialism, which we all treasure. Therefore, let us take this opportunity together with an open mind and positively. I would like to urge all those who are qualified and can fulfil the established criteria, please – come and step forward, both the men as well as the women, and put yourself up as the candidate for the upcoming Elected President elections.”
“However, though I am more upbeat and positive with regard to this provision, please allow me to express my concerns. Like always, there are always two sides to a coin. Likewise, for this case, I hope not that the provision be construed as a tokenism. After a long journey of 50 years in nation-building with meritocracy as our underpinning principle, such provisions can always be seen as one. Assurance from senior officers of our Government is important to bring this message across. Henceforth, I look forward to such sharing and engagement so as to ensure that we are embarking on this journey as a nation that cares deeply about our multi-racial fabric, bringing a balanced dimension in our journey towards nation-building in the years to come. As a proponent of affirmative action and without compromising our principles of meritocracy, I fully support this provision. Mdm Speaker, I shall proceed with the next part in Malay. (In Malay): [Please refer to Vernacular Speech.] Mdm Speaker and my hon Parliamentary colleagues, I would like to wish you good afternoon. The Presidential elections which will be held next year, that is, 2017, will very likely mark a historic occasion for our nation, if the Bill on the Elected Presidency that is being debated in Parliament is passed. For the first time, a provision for a five-term hiatus, which was suggested by the Constitutional Commission, and also supported by the Government, will commence at the next Presidential Election, as proposed by the Prime Minister yesterday. As the Prime Minister also said, the Presidential Election next year will be reserved for Malays, after 46 years without someone from the Malay community assuming the office of the President. Is this something good and should be celebrated by us?”
“With all being said through the statistics, I am not convinced if such a criterion can guarantee a candidate to be a good President. Making this notion into action may assume that the person who has not met the criterion may probably not be able to make a good President. I believe we can all agree that this is not what the criterion is meant to be. The criterion may even be seen as a disadvantage to individuals in some specific industries. While it is a "nice-to-have" criterion, I am certain there are equally capable men and women out there who can be considered for the Presidency without having to meet the criterion. For a fact, I know of some individuals who will not be able to meet the criterion, but I am convinced that they have the mettle to be considered for the Elected Presidency. Let us devise a criterion which truly measure one's capability, not just through numbers as proxies, but through his or her exemplary behaviours, accomplishments and involvements in the development for the betterment of the larger Singaporean society. While many "hard" criteria have been suggested for eligibility, I believe there are more that we should consider, especially those "soft" ones. I will now move on to the five-term hiatus provision. A multiracial Singapore should not only be said and written but, more importantly, it must be seen and exercised. This was nicely explained by both the Prime Minister and Deputy Prime Minister in their earlier speeches. As a member coming from a minority community, I would like to express my appreciation to the Commission for having included this in ensuring that a member from the minority community will always have a place in the highest office in Singapore.”
“While I can see the rationale behind this eligibility criterion to presume that only the most senior executive, say, an executive chairman or a CEO and others alike, takes the primary leadership position and thus making all critical and important decisions, I also do believe that there are other senior executives in high-ranking positions who are also making and taking charge of such similar critical and important decision-making. Examples are the chief financial officer (CFO), chief operating officer (COO) and senior executive vice presidents. Good leadership of any organisation is never always about the most senior executive taking decision unilaterally. But and however, it is always collective decision-making that prevails to be the best stewardship in action. In this case, the most senior executive of any good organisation has to depend on the work and advice of his close second ranked executives, be it a CFO or COO, and others alike. They are the also the ones that assume similar critical roles and thus making important decision within the organisation. Henceforth, I urge that we re-consider widening the notion of the most senior executive to include those whom I have mentioned, like the CFO and COO, to be considered, too, within this "most senior executive" framework. And more importantly, I would even go beyond to say that the second ranked executive CFO will probably have better knowledge in making informed judgements when it comes to financial matters, which is very much related to the custodial role of the Elected Presidency. Let me now go on to the next criterion, that is, the minimum shareholders' equity requirement of S$500 million.”
“Mdm Speaker, I shall deliver my speech first in English and later in Malay. Let me express my personal views on the Elected Presidency. I was one of those who actually did not believe that Elected Presidency is the way to go for Singapore. I have always believed an appointed President would suffice the need to play the dual role as a symbol and unifier for all Singaporeans as well as a custodian to our national Reserves. However, I changed my position, considering a possible scenario when the President could be at loggerheads with the government of the day on the use of our national Reserves. Thus, a President who is elected by the people shall have the mandate and moral authority to exercise his discretion without doubt and without fear. With so much debated, I shall only focus on two changes that have been suggested by the Commission and supported by the Government through its White Paper, namely, first, the eligibility criteria for private sector service requirement and, secondly, the five-term hiatus provision for the minorities. First, let me touch on the eligibility criteria for the private sector service requirement where numerous changes have been suggested by the Commission. Two significant changes which I would like to highlight are: only the most senior executive, however named, can be allowed as a candidate; and minimum shareholders' equity of S$500 million.”
“I would like to thank the Parliamentary Secretary for sharing. The information, unfortunately, I must say, is very alarming; the rate at which the drug abusers can be seen among the Malay community. May I ask the Parliamentary Secretary if he can share with us whether there are any specific and targeted measures on anti-drug engagement programmes and efforts for the Malay community only?”
“I would like to thank the Minister for Transport for such an elaborate answer. One area I would like to know from the Minister, is whether he feels there is a need to set up a quality initiative within the Singapore Mass Rapid Transit (SMRT) organisation?”
“For the Minister of Transport, I have one question. The investments made on the older LRT in Bukit Panjang, have they been recovered already?”
“Mdm Speaker, the Minister mentioned that the rate of suicide in Singapore is low in the last couple of years. Can I know, compared to the international standards, are we really that low or are we very far from international standards?”
“Can the Parliamentary Secretary share with us, compared to five years ago, is the current status better or is it worse than before, in terms of the defaulters?”
“I think we can study further if you need more information. Thank you, Mr Chairman. Help Families Optimise CPF Savings”
“I would like to suggest that the scheme be offered to all working and salaried employees with a monthly income of not more than $10,000, and the payable insurance premium made from the Page: 107 worker's monthly CPF contribution. The usage of CPF contributions towards this TIS scheme is just an expansion to its purpose to supplement the workers in times of dire need, such as medical, housing, education, retirement and, in this case, unforeseeable loss of income. I acknowledge that this idea is not a new one. It is similar to others which have been raised before. Like I mentioned in my speech in the Budget Debate, as the old economy gets replaced by a new one, job redundancy and obsolescence are inevitable. I salute the Government for taking proactive and constructive measures for our workers through retraining and reskilling. I believe we should continue to explore all possibilities, especially so when I reckon this issue will be with us for many more years to come. I also believe it is going to get tougher with each passing year.”
“Here, I would like to qualify that I appreciate all these safety nets that MOM has put in place. What I am going to propose here is not to undermine what has been done, but I thought it would complement the whole safety net framework. To cushion the impending tough and challenging experience, I would like to propose a Temporary Income Shield (TIS), an insurance scheme that is modelled after the MediShield. TIS is for those who have lost their job due to retrenchment, resulting in an immediate loss of income. It is meant to cushion the impact, providing continuity to their daily life and mitigating potential disruption to their children's educational progress and the well-being of their elderly parents. The proposed scheme is progressively decreasing in nature, that is, the payout is calibrated downwards towards zero at the end of a four-month period after being laid off. How does it work? For the first month, he/she receives 75% of his/her last drawn salary. In the second and third month, it is 50% of his/her last drawn salary and, the fourth month, which is the final month, it is 25% of his/her last drawn salary. Knowing it is going to go down, it will give him the urgency to find a new job. So, this is the proposal I have. The last drawn salary is capped at $6,000. That is the proposal I have. Of course, we can discuss further the details. During the four-month period, the worker is encouraged to take up new skills to help him/her gain re-employment. All other existing schemes are made available. Upon re- employment, the TIS scheme will be terminated automatically. On the other hand, the scheme will lapse after four months, even if the worker has not gained any employment. It is just a temporary cushion given to the worker.”
“Mr Chairman, today, I must say I have learnt a lot from Minister Lim Swee Say. There are so many terms – PCP, CSP, LEDS. For me, in my line of Page: 106 work, LED means light-emitting diodes, but yours is a bit different. Nevertheless, I try to pick up. The Minister have shared a lot about PMEs and I am really, really glad that so many things have happened. Nevertheless, I would like to express my concern about the PME group, especially after doing a lot of community work for the last 13 years. Those in the middle-aged category who are skilled and possess tertiary educational qualifications, generally struggle to be re-employed after being retrenched. A Straits Times report on 20 July last year reported that 57% of retrenched Singaporeans and Permanent Residents managed to be re-employed within the next six months – 57%. For the PME group within this retrenched lot, only 49% are able to find a job within the same period. This is lower than the lot average. For those aged 40 and above, within the same group, the re-entry rate was only 53%. This meant that roughly half of the older PMEs could not find a job within six months of being laid off, let alone finding one of comparable grade and salary. The NTUC PME Centre saw a jump of 265 cases of PMEs looking for assistance in employment and employability – from 253 cases in 2014 to 518 from March 2015 to February 2016. It is worrisome that 77% of the PMEs looking for re-employment were aged 40 and above. 6.30 pm Losing one's job through retrenchment can be a devastating, if not traumatic, experience. The affected worker may lose his or her self-esteem and self-confidence. It could lead to health issues when one's mental state is not at rest. For the family breadwinner, this is unthinkable.”
“My question, henceforth, is: has the Ministry already planned or is in the process of planning a targeted approach for the lower level SMEs which, I presume, will need very specific, if not customised assistance? Help for Micro SMEs”
“Mr Chairman, I regard the ITP which the Minister for Finance has outlined in his Budget speech as highly significant. It is a mega shift which Singapore is about to embark on. I am quite certain this will have a significant impact and repercussions on our SMEs at all levels. I am also quite concerned with those SMEs at the lower segment, especially if a one-size-fits-all approach is taken. This is especially so when there are gaps of varying degrees of capabilities and competencies among our SMEs. We can roughly say that there are various types of SMEs: the normal SMEs, small SMEs, very small SMEs and very, very small SMEs, and even further down the road. With each facing its own unique difficulties, I am sure each will also need to find its own set of formulas and solutions to survive and grow. From financing to resources, to processes and organisational capabilities, each SME has to decide what has to be focused on. I reckon this is like a sportsperson who wants to improve on his performance. Engaging a coach will then suggest that the sportsperson will undergo a step-by-step regime, thus building up the right muscles to elevate his or her strategic parts of the body and, ultimately, toning up the muscles where they really need for that particular type of sport. Not embarking on the right regime may lead to the wrong muscles being developed and, hence, not able to reach the desired outcome. I would presume that, likewise, this is needed in the growing of our SMEs from one level to the next, thus moving in tandem with the overall strategic goals of the nation. I reckon it is well understood that different regimes have to be offered to the different levels of SMEs.”