Denise Phua Lay Peng
Singapore
“Sir, as Singapore ages, disability and ageing will increasingly overlap. The line between disability services and elder care services will blur. Many adults with disabilities face similar challenges as seniors in varying degrees, but at a younger age.”
“But the SPED schools are run by a lot of the other professionals as well such as occupational therapists, speech pathologists, psychologists, coaches and so forth. And I ask for MOE, as it always looks at SPED educators, to also focus on this other very important group; because retention is capacity.”
“Are there other strategies that the Prime Minister will consider, like easier adoption procedures to have more people adopt, more of us Singaporeans adopting? The second is, in terms of immigration as well, to bring in people who are of the right profile and suitable profile to grow our Singaporean population?”
“Enterprise grants should include accessibility compliance requirements. Inclusion cannot rely on goodwill alone. It must be systemically built-in. And finally, move five: on strengthening intermediaries and social service agencies (SSAs). Sir, if AI is to be whole-of-society, then SSAs cannot be left behind.”
“When SSAs become AI-enabled, the most vulnerable of us benefit. In conclusion Sir, Budget 2026 sets an ambitious direction: AI ecosystems, SkillsFuture strengthening, innovation hubs such as Lorong AI and the future AI Park at one-north. Ambition is necessary, but it is execution that determines whether progress is shared.”
“I thank the Minister of State for her assurance, assuring the House that there are indeed alternative identification methods available for those who are unable to use facial recognition. Just a couple of supplementary questions. Number one, are these measures systemic and applicable for all fully digital or not fully digital banks?”
The complete record
Every one of 1,094 lines we hold for Denise Phua Lay Peng, in date order, each linked to its source. Free to read, in full, without an account. Page 4 of 22.
“The Deputy Prime Minister has shared some background to why this is happening and mentioned about international diplomacy in the President's role in such a case, but exactly what is the tipping point when one's overseas engagements are perceived as excessive? Therefore, guidelines from the Prime Minister's Office (PMO) will be necessary to strike a suitable balance between the public and private roles of the President and the Ministers. The second concern is how the Prime Minister and Cabinet Ministers will determine the potential benefits of these roles to the country. While it is an honour to be invited to key positions in foreign organisations, not all roles may serve Singapore's interests. Therefore, an objective assessment approach should be adopted to weigh the tangible benefits and drawbacks. What is the meaning of "serving national interest"? What are some examples of what might be beneficial or not quite beneficial to the nation? Some clarity in decision-making criteria and assessment weightage would be appreciated from the Deputy Prime Minister. The third concern is advising the Prime Minister under a similar situation. I know that the Deputy Prime Minister spoke about how current and past Prime Ministers do not have roles beyond their official duties in foreign and international organisations. But when such a situation happens, how would we move forward in this? For example, if the Prime Minister himself is invited to hold office in a foreign or international organisation in a private capacity, what will happen? The Bill currently outlines advice mechanisms for the President and Cabinet Ministers, but lacks clarity regarding the Prime Minister's situation. It will be useful for the Deputy Prime Minister to clarify that.”
“Clause 3 similarly inserts provisions to apply the same framework to Ministers and empowers the Prime Minister to approve such appointments. The new provisions of both the clauses create a formal framework to ensure greater transparency, accountability and governance when the President and Cabinet Ministers perform non-local roles in their private capacities. And these are much welcomed steps. Third, this Bill encourages a shift in mindset from individual success to significance for our senior public leaders and nation alike. Already, the Government has an existing practice of encouraging senior public servants to engage in non-commercial roles in their private capacity, fostering civic engagement and volunteerism. Movement for the Intellectually Disabled of Singapore (MINDS), for example, a large charity for the intellectually challenged, has Permanent Secretary Augustin Lee as Chairman. Where I volunteer, in the autism charities, Deputy Permanent Secretary Poon Hong Yuen provides invaluable insights on our Boards. There are many others. So, when senior public office holders, such as Presidents and Ministers, contribute beyond their formal roles, and extend their expertise and experience globally, they too move the needle, from individual success to significance, benefiting wider communities and nations. I will next touch on four common concerns that are raised when the public, for example, read about this Bill. One, the first concern relates to the potential impact on the President and Cabinet Ministers' official duties. Some people worry that engaging in international roles in their private capacity may divert their attention from the elected and appointed responsibilities of the President and Ministers.”
“For example, President Tharman's significant contributions to entities, such as the IMF, the G20 Eminent Persons Group on Global Financial Governance, the Global Commission on the Economics of Water (GCEW) and so on, have positively impacted our nation's reputation. President Tharman's continued involvement will offer valuable perspectives on global policymaking, which is especially beneficial for Singapore during these challenging economic and geopolitical times. During the last presidential election, there was widespread opinion that it would be a loss if Mr Tharman's ascent to the presidency hindered his international contributions. But President Tharman is not the only one whose insights are valued globally. Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong, for example, has also frequently represented Singapore globally, enhancing our country's visibility, influence and reputation on the world stage. And so have other public office holders; we heard about Senior Minister Teo Chee Hean, for instance. Therefore, supporting this Bill is strategic and will offer Singapore the opportunity to punch above its weight, influencing global thinking and policymaking. The second reason for supporting this Bill is the establishment of a framework, the creation of a formal framework, to prevent potential abuse. In the case of the President, clause 2 in Article 22Q of the Bill spells out the conditions under which the President can accept and hold office in a foreign or international organisation, in his private capacity. The Cabinet must advise the President that the appointment is in Singapore's national interest; and also against saying or doing anything against Singapore, in performing that role.”
“Sir, I rise in support of the Bill to amend the Constitution of the Republic of Singapore. The purpose of this Bill is to amend the Constitution to enable Singapore's President and Cabinet Ministers to assume roles in foreign and international organisations in their private capacity, when it serves the national interest. I will now present three compelling reasons to support this Bill, and then raise four common concerns, to which I seek the Deputy Prime Minister's response. Three reasons to support the Bill: one, enhanced international influence. First, granting the President and Cabinet Ministers the opportunity to take on external roles, albeit in their personal and private capacity, can boost Singapore's visibility and status internationally. Singapore, as a small nation state, is often recognised for its effective governance and economic and social development. Our leaders can offer essential insights for achieving progress and stability, beneficial to global policy-thinking and global policy-making. Foreign and international organisations present an excellent platform for small nation states, like Singapore, to actively participate in shaping global policies, which may in turn affect Singapore positively. And this was what the Deputy Prime Minister said about plugging into global conversations. However, not every international organisation is formal or has the resources to appoint leaders in their official state roles. Therefore, our collective support for our senior leaders to join these organisations, when it aligns with national interests, is crucial and strategic.”
“And then, there are others who cannot. So, I think that there should be a better way of segmentation of these archetypes so that better methods in ensuring financial security can come about for this particular sector. For consideration, please.”
“I thank the Senior Parliamentary Secretary, MSF and SG Enable for doing quite a lot of work in this space, especially in employment for adults with disabilities in the last decade. I do think that the hon Member Ms Carrie Tan's request to track data on the financial situation of adults with disabilities has some merit. Tracking data will ensure that there is better financial security for all adults with disabilities in our country, just like we would encourage typical folks to do the same as well. I think that there is a need to gauge the size of the monster, the issue. There should be an intentional approach to first determine the archetypes of adults with disabilities – some can work full-time, some can work part-time, some will need more care and cannot really work in open employment. And then, there are also the family archetypes. There are different types of families – some can afford, very much they have their own resources —”
“While we offer repairs or replacements for fittings and fixtures of rental flats if they are spoiled or dysfunctional, that is one part. For items which are aesthetic and less functional, these are essentially the tenants' responsibility. Nevertheless, for the needy ones, this would be where we work with community organisations and grassroots organisations, to assist them. There are many good-hearted people, on-the-ground groups, who have reached out proactively to help these tenants. So, we will continue to look at some of these options. Again, I want to thank the Member for being very proactive and positive in this area.”
“Mr Speaker, first, I just want to commend again the local HDB officers and also, the headquarters' rental department, who have been extremely helpful and caring when I raise such issues to them. My question stems from a desire, maybe from a systemic level, to speed up and to give more allocation and discretion to these officers. I see in my rental house visits – and some of us actually have quite a number of them – quite a bit of rusty gates, defective windows, spalling concrete in ceilings due to wear and tear. I do not think it is the fault of anybody. It is due to wear and tear. I thought there is a need to speed up and revive the proactive preventive maintenance programme, and I want to ask if HDB and the Ministry of National Development could look into this. Perhaps we could also think of other creative methods, other than just outsourcing to typical vendors, maybe to engage, say, workers from the Yellow Ribbon movement that the Senior Minister of State is also very actively involved with or halfway houses like New Charis Mission – to employ and deploy them so that these preventive maintenance exercises could be revived soon and our residents can live in even better conditions. Assoc Prof Dr Muhammad Faishal Ibrahim: Sir, I thank the Member for the supplementary questions and I thank her for commending our officers. I would also like to thank her for being proactive and working in partnership with our officers on the ground to see how we can help our rental tenants. I want to assure the Member and the House that we are studying various options. We want to see how the options can be practical and also get collaboration and partnerships with the community organisations.”
“I want to thank the Senior Minister of State for his reply. Thank you also for being so positive in considering my inputs and hon Member Edward Chia's inputs. The Majulah Package as it was announced at first, sounds like it is going to be means tested. And I can understand why because the state has limited resources. But like what Senior Minister of State just mentioned, there are some common needs amongst people of this age group, and therefore, I want to make a call to MOF to design the Majulah Package to be more like the Merdeka and the Pioneer Packages, which are very well designed and very inclusive. It had overall cash payouts, MediSave top-ups, outpatient subsidies and even health screening. I understand that you may not be able to design it totally like the previous packages, but I thought that we could learn more from the lessons from the design of these two earlier packages, for consideration.”
“Clerk of Parliament, I support the proposal. [(proc text) There being only one proposal, the Clerk then declared Mr Seah Kian Peng to have been duly elected as Speaker of this Parliament. (proc text)] [(proc text) Mr Speaker went to the Chair and sat down. (proc text)] [(proc text) Then, the Mace (which before laid below the Table) was placed on the Table. (proc text)] [Mr Speaker in the Chair]”
“If we do not solve this problem, then, cohorts of graduates from the special schools with mid to high needs are really going to suffer. So, I hope the Ministry will look into this deeply with those of us who really want to solve this issue.”
“I thank the Senior Parliamentary Secretary for always helping this sector. There are issues on the ground. A lot of the charities that are running services for the moderate to high needs individuals with disabilities are facing a lot of challenges on the ground, based on this current funding model. I think the Ministry of Social and Family Development (MSF) has been trying to help, but the challenges remain. May I request the Ministry to convene a workgroup that comprises MSF, the Ministry of Finance (MOF) and the disability agencies to deeply analyse what is the issue, what is the beef all about and why are there so much noise, so many worries and challenges? And then, to identify what are some alternate and more innovative financing models for DACs for disabled adults with moderate to high support needs. Debating at a very general level and asking Parliamentary Questions (PQs) and replying to PQs at this level is not going to solve matters. The reason is that the costs are indeed high. Although the average grant is about $14,000, some of the costs can go up to about $30,000 per year. There are also issues like fee cap and you cannot charge that much sometimes. The funding is completely means-tested and, therefore, average and higher-income households are often discouraged from using the services. They will then keep their children at home and that is not always the best quality of life. And later on, there will be more costs. So, the Ministry should really study alternate models, such as providing a universal base subsidy, with additional means-testing subsidy. This is what, I think, Minister Vivian Balakrishnan, when he was MSF Minister actually looked at. So, there are some models that can be considered.”
“Mr Deputy Speaker, I want to thank the Minister for the HDB rental units, especially for all the good work and helpful work that they have rendered to me and my residents. I also wish to compliment HDB and the Ministry of National Development (MND) for this SRSF initiative, which I thought was very important because it addresses the gaps for the homeless and also the tenants who cannot get along well with each other. So, if designed well, it will reduce many of the appeals that we are receiving at our Meet-the-People sessions each week. Sir, I want to find out what is the timeframe to take in all the improvements or suggestions that the Minister has mentioned and also what is the plan to scale this initiative. This is because every week, we are still receiving a lot of feedback on rental tenants who just cannot get along with each other. And the need for just more privacy for rental tenants of HDB flats is still there; the demand is there. So, I would like to ask the Minister about the scalability.”
“And what if non-monetary measures directed by the Tribunal, such as family counseling, do not yield positive results? These are questions we will continue to have to ponder over. Nevertheless, the principles of family being one's first stop for support, reciprocity and filial piety that is enshrined in the MPA are still worth retaining. It is crucial for us legislators to stay vigilant about ageing trends, evolving expectations of parents and children, and to also draw lessons from other legislations. This will ensure the relevancy of the MPA and protect the well-being of our elderly through a balance of legal obligations and evolving cultural norms. With these considerations in mind, Madam, I wholeheartedly support the Bill.”
“We found out that many who regularly provide for their elderly parents can only afford a monthly allowance of $500 or less, this quantum is also reflected similarly in maintenance orders. From 2016 to 2020, 82% of awards that are granted by the Tribunal had a monthly quantum of less than $500. It is, therefore, unlikely that family allowances alone will be the main source of elderly support, whether or not they are covered by the MPA. Hence, the Act will not totally address the issue of retirement inadequacy for elderly parents in need. A slew of Government and societal provisions has been introduced to meet these needs, and work is still in progress. These include: raising of Retirement Age so that those who wish to continue to work can choose to do so; CPF Life Annuity Scheme; Silver Support Scheme; CareShield; HDB's Rental Scheme, Housing Leaseback Scheme and Assisted Community Care Apartments and Public Assistance Scheme for seniors who qualify for long-term financial assistance from MSF. Unfortunately, though, many Singaporeans are still unprepared for retirement. To address this, more proactive education should be in place so that every Singaporean has a clearer idea of their own Individual Retirement Adequacy Plan, and to also have their own Retirement Adequacy Plan. The MPA then, is just one of the tools available for a small target group of seniors within the broader framework of retirement adequacy planning measures for Singapore's elderly. In conclusion, Madam, the MPA is not a silver bullet and there are potential problems that may continue to arise. For instance, what if documented records of abuse or neglect are not available? How do we handle cases of children based overseas who refuse to comply?”
“Furthermore, in other cases, even when faced with similar circumstances, family members also can respond differently. At a Tribunal session I sat in to observe as a workgroup member, a pair of adult siblings responded quite differently to their mother whom they claim had abused them when young. The brother chose to forgive the mother, while acknowledging her shortcomings. The sister was re-traumatised, being even in the same room as the mother and shared that she is now seeing a counsellor again. And then, in other families, there are parents who refuse to file claims against their errant, able children for financial support, even when they are abandoned or neglected in eldercare facilities. These variations in responses in families just show the complexity of family relationships and the need for individualised approach; not cookie-cutter solutions. The work of the Commissioner and Tribunal in conciliation and in issuing directives, is complex and challenging. The provisions in this Bill that grant more flexibility and space for them to consider and conclude are, therefore, very essential. Hence, I fully support any provisions in the Bill to grant more flexibility and space for the Commissioner and the Tribunal to consider and conclude. Finally, moving on to the third and final question frequently raised about this Act – can the MPA in Singapore address the issue of retirement inadequacy for elderly parents in need? Most of us know that by 2030, approximately 22%, or at least one in five of the resident population will be 65 years and above, with nearly one in three elderly persons in Singapore forecasted to require eldercare services.”
“This evolving trend suggests the need for each generation to plan for their own well-being to avoid over-reliance on their children. However, changes in society norms take time to fully materialise. While the landscape continues to shift, the MPA which obliges children to provide basic support to their parents in need, remains, in my mind, still relevant. It acknowledges the possibility that without legal intervention, some elderly parents may face challenges in receiving the necessary care and support from their adult children. It, therefore, serves as a safety net to ensure the well-being of these elderly parents. Question two – can matters in familial relations be addressed through legal provisions? Family dynamics and circumstances vary greatly from one family to another; and so it is important to acknowledge the limitations of the legal system in resolving familial conflicts and dynamics. Let me share a few cases to illustrate this point. In one case, a woman – she is a professional executive – had a physically and verbally abusive father who had caused her immense trauma since young. This woman, who wrote in to me and Member Seah Kian Peng, spent many years of her life, 40 years, running away from the father, even to the extent of changing her legal name and at one time, living overseas to escape his threats. The father stalked her and even resorted to social media to threaten her. To this day, this woman is still receiving medical treatment. When he filed a claim for maintenance from her, she pleaded to the Ministry to protect her identity and whereabouts. This case highlights the challenges of enforcing legal provisions when issues of abuse and safety are concerned.”
“On the other hand, opponents of the Act emphasise the importance of individual choice and agency. They argue that adult children should have the freedom to decide whether or not they want to provide financial support to their needy parents. Some even highlight that while parents choose to give birth to their children, the children themselves did not ask to be born. Others then contend that they are already financially supporting their own families and have their own expenditures to cover, and should not be legally obligated to support their parents. But what does the current landscape inform us? An MSF report published in 2022 is called "Ageing Families in Singapore, 2010-2020". This report highlights that families remain a key source of physical, emotional and financial support for the elderly. A majority of elderly individuals aged 65 years and above cited that they could rely on their married children, 90%, and unmarried children, 83% of them, for financial support in times of need. Additionally, the 2018 the Housing and Development Board (HDB) Sample Household Survey reveals that 74% of HDB residents aged 55 and above received regular financial support from their children in 2018, a five-percentage point drop from 79% 10 years ago in 2008. So, still quite a substantive number. Nevertheless, expectations of filial piety – as very articulately explained or described by Ms Carrie Tan, my hon Member friend – expectations of filial piety norms are shifting across generations. My young adult friends remind me that there are alternative ways to express filial piety beyond solely financial support, such as paying for dinner outings, birthday gifts or spending family time together.”
“The second development was that there have been cases of errant children who leave their elderly parents in care facilities, expecting the facility management to care for, to raise funds and to bear the financial burden of their parents' maintenance. We feel that such behaviour is unacceptable and calls for correction. So, the latest round of proposed amendments aims to address these key issues and also introduce ways to improve effectiveness of the MPA. They include provisions that require records of abuse, abandonment or neglect to be considered before parents can seek maintenance orders, it also involves dismissal of frivolous and vexatious applications; and directions of financial and/or non-monetary measures; amongst others. I would like to raise three commonly posed questions that often linger on the minds of Singaporeans whenever the issue of maintenance of parents is broached; and then to share my own reflections. One, is the MPA still relevant in Singapore society today? Two, can matters of familial relations be addressed through legal provisions? And three, can the MPA address the issue of retirement inadequacy for elderly parents in need? Question one - is the MPA still relevant in Singapore society today? Supporters of the Act argue that it reflects the enduring value of filial piety deeply rooted in our Singaporean culture. They believe that adult children have a social responsibility to care for and to support their parents, especially when parents are financially dependent or vulnerable or needy. These proponents contend that placing this responsibility on children prevents burdening the public welfare system, which is funded by other taxpayers. So that is for the supporters.”
“Deputy Speaker, I rise in strong support of the amendments to the Maintenance of Parents (Amendment) Bill. I have had the privilege of being part of the private Member's workgroup led by hon Member Seah Kian Peng, my long-time partner in service, like 13 years old, 2010 and now, in 2023. First, the history of the Maintenance of Parents Act, or MPA. The MPA, which was passed in 1995, was the brainchild of ex-Nominated Member of Parliament, Prof Walter Woon. It was a significant step forward in recognising the social responsibility of adult children to care for and support their parents who are financially dependent or vulnerable. The MPA was last amended in 2010 to enhance its effectiveness. One of the pivotal provisions which was introduced then was that of conciliation before parents could file for maintenance orders. This ensured that seniors and their children attempted to kind of resolve their differences amicably before resorting to legal measures. And consequently, the number of applications at the Tribunal significantly reduced to about 30 per year, signalling the success of this approach. However, there is still room for improvement. Two key developments have come to light, which is why this latest review of the MPA is conducted. First, it has been reported that one in three cases seen at the Tribunal involve allegations that the parents had previously abused, abandoned or neglected their children. This situation not only causes trauma to the adult children but also raises the question on whether it is fair to obligate them to provide maintenance to parents who have mistreated them.”
“Thank you, Sir. I appreciate that the Ridout Road review by Senior Minister Teo and by agencies, such as CPIB, was made at the request of Prime Minister Lee. And I also appreciate the fact that the request for full investigation was also made by Minister Shanmugam and Minister Vivian Balakrishnan themselves to clarify that the rental transactions are aboveboard. Since some of the Parliamentary Questions were actually directed at the Prime Minister and since the matter involves key members of the Prime Minister's Cabinet, I would like to seek Prime Minister Lee's views on the matter so far and also if he could share his views in the House.”
“I thank the Senior Parliamentary Secretary for his response. I wanted to clarify MSF's role in facilitating the support of additional wages in the Social Service Agencies, particularly for those which are providing essential services, many of whose salaries for the Chief Executive, Finance and even for IT positions are not supported by MSF or NCSS. I want to ask if MSF would consider facilitating help agencies, such as NCSS, SG Enable and so forth, to support and fund these positions because these are important and integrative roles. To bring especially multi-million-dollar agencies together, we do need these positions. For funders to support only those services of so-called direct staff will not actually be realistic without these integrative roles.”
“Thank you, Madam. In response to hon Member Gerald Giam's question, I still think that there is potential good pathway to do away with the PSLE and have a pilot of an integrated 10-year programme. But I also acknowledge the challenges that Education Minister Chan Chun Seng mentioned in this year's Committee of Supply. So, the debate should not be on just having or not having that pathway, but really to go on to the next level, perhaps in the Forward Singapore conversations. As to what it will take to create a pathway like this – the challenges – and to solve some of the root issues that the ground faces and will be having. So, the debate is not just to have or not to have – that is like a 10-year-old debate; whether to have or not to have – but really to go on to the next level. What does it take? Why it should happen or why should it not happen? And what kind of resources? What constraints will come in if we choose that pathway? I do support that potential pathway still.”
“With hindsight, let us better include the voices of the disabled and their proxies, such as their families and advocates, so that we can better support persons with disabilities in future pandemics. Let us all work together to ensure that no one, indeed, is left behind.”
“But outreach has to be more systemic and affected parties need to be confident enough to have their needs heard and responded to. Thirdly, we need to develop a playbook for inclusive pandemic policies and practices at the national level. Besides involving Government agencies, such as the Ministry of Social and Family Development (MSF) and SG Enable for the disabled, there must be a platform to actively engage and consult with disability agencies and advocates to ensure that the unique needs and perspectives of the disabled, their caregivers and their community are highlighted. We need to tap on mainstream practices, wherever possible, and communicate clearly and widely. For instance, in matters, such as applying for caregiver escort and supervision during vaccination and quarantines; and in offering the younger disabled options, such as public community vaccination centres; mobile home-based vaccinations and even, if possible, vehicle drive-through centres. Set up a dedicated hotline staffed by human beings that is accessible for the major disability groups and their families. Identify and learn from best practices elsewhere. Allow for flexibility where reasonable – at school, at work or at public places – because not all disabilities and support needs are the same. So, universal design, including the disabled; upstream, not downstream. Include outreach via the mainstream communications platforms. Develop a playbook for inclusive pandemic policies and practices for the future. In conclusion, Sir, Singapore has done the best it could under the challenging circumstances brought about by COVID-19. Like many others, I feel so blessed to be in Singapore for a time such as this.”
“The dedicated Centre for Public Health and the Forward Planning Team, announced by Deputy Prime Minister Wong yesterday, must include an arm to look into the key vulnerable groups, such as the disabled, the young and the elderly. It is crucial to recognise that the well-being of the vulnerable cannot be solely delegated to just one Ministry or dependent on the kindness of others – piecemeal stop-gap measures. The voices of the vulnerable should be designed to be heard at the highest level upstream and not downstream. Secondly, we need to include outreach to the disabled in the mainstream communications channels, such as television, newspapers and useful GovTech WhatsApp updates that other residents receive daily. Many individuals are unaware of how to access disability hubs, such as SG Enable, and there may also be barriers, such as language and information technology (IT) proficiency. During the pandemic, we have heard of desperate parents who were also worried what the quarantine arrangements of their children would be, should the children get infected. For adults with disabilities above age 18 who need supervision and escort, many of their families do not know where to turn to, to appeal for special needs measures, such as being accompanied by a familiar adult before and during vaccination. Neither was it clear that they have options to be vaccinated either at a centre or at home – not to mention the car drive-throughs that I talk about in another country. Whenever such cases come to my attention, I had often approached and relied on the kindness of public servants and office bearers, such as Senior Parliamentary Secretary Rahayu Mahzam to point me in the right direction.”
“It learned from the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) pandemic and actively included students from SPED schools in its suite of measures to protect them. Dr Lim Hong Huay and her husband, infectious disease specialist Dr Leong Hoe Nam, Eden School, SuperHero Me, an arts movement, and Lien Foundation, developed an educational resource package to empower children and older PwDs. There are many other commendable efforts in Singapore. Elsewhere, in other countries, I have been informed by disability volunteers and caregivers about some good practices in the disability space during the pandemic. In one country, PwDs were prioritised to be vaccinated with other vulnerables in Phase 2, after the health professionals. PwDs were also earlier included in the home vaccination programme. They can also get vaccination jabs whilst sitting in a familiar car, in car drive-throughs in one country. PwDs were also given priority lanes in the bigger vaccination centres. Those with needs can request for vaccination and the use of private calm rooms to avoid meltdowns. Such were the best practices I hear from other countries and I think those are some things Singapore can refer to in our future planning. What can we do to better support PwDs more effectively in future pandemics? I have three suggestions. Firstly, it is essential to adopt a universal design approach so that the vulnerable including the disabled are included upstream. This should happen at the strategic Inter-Ministerial Task Force (MTF)-level and at the highest operations level. So, not downstream. Upstream.”
“Sir, I fully support the Motion put forth by Deputy Prime Minister and Minister for Finance on Singapore's COVID-19 Response. Singapore's handling of the COVID-19 pandemic, while not perfect, is one of the best in the world. For those of us who have had loved ones suffer or even pass away in other countries due to a lack of access to vaccination and proper healthcare, we can appreciate how well the Singapore Government has fared. However, I am glad that the White Paper not only highlighted what we do well, but also where we fall short and how we can improve in the future. Today, I wish to focus on how we can better support Persons with Disabilities (PwDs) in future pandemics. First, on the commendable efforts to support the disabled. Whilst the pandemic has affected many, PwDs and their families have been hit harder. Nonetheless, there are commendable sparks of great work being done. SG Enable, the main disability hub of Singapore, started a dedicated COVID-19 resource page on its Enabling Guide website. Together with Mediacorp, it facilitated C.A.R.E. – or the Care initiative – to provide cooked meals, financial assistance, respite and essentials distribution. The amazing support by Temasek Foundation throughout the pandemic is well-known. Additionally, Temasek Trust partnered the five Community Development Councils (CDCs) to launch a $4 million CDC-Temasek Trust Lifelong Learning Grant, to provide learning support in the form of devices and training courses, especially for those affected by COVID-19. The Ministry of Education (MOE) also worked closely with the Ministry of Health (MOH), Health Promotion Board (HPB) and the special education (SPED) schools, to run school-based vaccination centres for those who are still in schools.”
“The current CST design shapes charities to do some funny things, to keep thinking of new projects each year to qualify for the matching, when there are ongoing existing programmes that need to be paid for, such as for the disabled and elderly. So, it is not useful to the charity partners. In conclusion, the Government can certainly better support charities, one of their key partners in meeting the needs of society. Social Service Agencies”
“Sir, it is important to understand valid concerns of these charity partners so they can do a better job. I recall vividly how former Education Minister, now Deputy Prime Minister Lawrence Wong, strategically unlocked the highly MOE-controlled reserves of special schools to allow their parent charities to pay for their share of the building costs of the new schools; much to the relief and gratitude of the charities. Let me name some ways by which sector administrators, such as MSF, MOE and MOH, can better support their charity partners. 6.15 pm First, on human resources (HR), besides funding competitive salaries of supported staff, can MSF please facilitate higher provisions for hiring of foreign staff in services such as day activity centres for the elderly and the disabled and special schools. This is so critical as competition for manpower becomes more intense. Second, subsidise the costs of corporate services and compliance, such as Executive Directors, Finance, HR, Information Technology (IT) and Audit for charities providing essential services for the sector. As larger and needed charities get called to do more, they are also being held to higher and higher standards of reporting and accountability; adding to the cost of compliance and management. And lastly, seek regular feedback on Government donation matching schemes meant to encourage fundraising. Do not make it harder for charities than it already is. The Community Silver Trust (CST), for instance, allows for donation matching for only 40% of funds raised, to pay for "recurrent operating expenses". The remaining 60% can only be matched if there are "new projects".”
“Next, within just eight months of the release of EMP2030, the Government has already made several major announcements in the important aspects of mainstream Singapore: the Healthier SG movement to instil proactive and preventive healthcare is in place. MOE has announced its plan for future education to shift focus from the first 15 years to the next 50 years of one's life. The Ministry of National Development (MND) has announced new BTO ramp up plans and inclusive living for the elderly in the form of Community Service Apartments. How will MSF ensure the Enabling Masterplan includes and taps on these positive developments in the mainstream? How can we persuade the rest of the Government to adopt a universal design approach to service planning, so that the disabled will not be considered only as an afterthought? In conclusion, I want to thank the diligent MSF team for being always on the look-out for this special community. You are deeply appreciated. Enhancing Support for PwDs and Families”
“Sir, more than half a year has passed since the Enabling Masterplan (EMP2030) was published. I believe the disability community would like a detailed update from MSF on the progress of the masterplan. One key concern of the sector has always been the lack of sufficient services in the adult disability space. What has moved for adults with disabilities at the two ends of the spectrum – adults who are employable and adults who are not suitable for paid employment and need more care? The proposed Enabling Business Hub and the Enabling Services Hub have been hailed as the two key pilots to address the needs of these two categories of adults. What is the progress to date? How many adults with different abilities can benefit? How will these two hub concepts be scaled in order to cover the many other adults who require the services? How will they be funded for sustainability? Next, we should not wait for a COS to provide updates to the EMP2030. EMP2030 is unique in that it is for a duration of eight years versus the shorter five-year plans of the past. By 2030, most of the Ministry's public office holders, like the Minister and his team, would have moved on or be transferred. The assumptions underpinning these recommendations would have changed, in view of the rapid pace at which our society, our economy and our external environment have moved. I would expect that some of the recommendations may even be outdated. To inject confidence and to ensure the masterplan stays updated and relevant, MSF should appoint an execution leadership team, convene regular sessions, develop and communicate a dashboard and accountability report.”
“So, for ComLink to be successful, there must be clarity, competence and commitment. Enhancement to ComLink Befriending”
“Sir, integrating services and case management are additional and higher-order skills and duties that need to be resourced. For ComLink to succeed, there must be a commitment to resource by the Government, not only for tangible needs like headcounts, skills training, but also for different agency partners to commit beyond lip service, to get that needed flexible job, financial assistance, preschool placements and so forth to families who need them to move along; and a willingness to share information, track actions and outcomes. Are all alliance partners equally committed or is ComLink seen as just an MSF-driven project?”
“Sir, ComLink is a worthy MSF-driven programme designed to support families with children living in public rental housing – a great model to provide support in a coordinated manner. I chair the ComLink alliances in two ComLink towns – Jalan Besar and Ang Mo Kio. In each ComLink town, MSF's SSO general manager plays the role of a social services integrator – assessing the needs of each family, coordinating with the alliance of partners, such as schools, job centres, the Housing and Development Board (HDB), Police and so forth, to meet those needs. There are three critical success factors needed for ComLink to be effective. And I seek the MSF's support to make it happen. First, clarity. Many like-minded parties are still unclear about how all the many helping hands for families in public rental housing are connected. Sir, there needs to be clarity and mapping of all the help and parties' initiatives like ComLink, Project DIAN@M3, UPLIFT, programmes of self-help groups like Chinese Development Assistance Council (CDAC), Singapore Indian Development Association (SINDA), Council for the Development of the Singapore Malay/Muslim Community (MENDAKI), CDCs, charities and grassroots volunteers. Second, competence. Each family assessed to be in need will require a competent social service integrator who is the trained case manager, able to do the heavy lifting to identify root issues and solutions. These integrators have to be able to pull in other agency representatives in the ComLink Workgroup Alliance for meetings and actions. I have the privilege of working with SSO general managers and FSCs' social workers who play this role really well; but they are not easily available. We need to grow more of them. Lastly, commitment.”
“Freelancers too need lifelong learning and support to ensure they remain relevant and competitive. So, curate and provide local and overseas professional development opportunities to help them stay updated with the latest developments in their industries. Strengthen Support for Vulnerable Workers”
“Chairman, the freelancer community of coaches and instructors in the fields of sports, fitness, learning, and visual and performing arts are an important part of Singapore’s economy. As an adviser to the NTUC affiliate, the National Instructors and Coaches Association, I seek MOM’s attention to uplift this group of freelancers for their better job and income security and well-being. One, fair compensation. Much has been done for platform workers and lower-wage workers. The freelancer community too should be paid fairly, based on their skills, contributions and track records. Today, many of them are often the price takers. They are hesitant in adjusting their contract rates even when there are valid reasons to do so such as rising business costs. When contracts are up, there is often the fear of losing contracts to the lowest bidder should they charge higher. They face constraints even with clients such as those in public agencies like the Ministry of Education (MOE), People’s Association (PA) or Health Promotion Board (HPB) as the client staff may find it hard to seek approvals for rate hikes mid-contract because of already approved fixed budgets and the need for additional paperwork to get approvals for adjustments. I urge MOM to facilitate the development of a procurement guide to ensure a sustainable win-win arrangement and fair compensation for the freelancer community starting with their public sector clients. Two, access to resources. Many freelance instructors and coaches face limited access to resources such as class facilities, equipment or training materials. Uplifting them can include providing them with greater access to sports or school facilities or through Government grants. Lastly, recognition and professional development.”
“Sir, I wonder if we can comb through some of these, to ensure that the biggest employer in Singapore, the public sector, show and lead the rest of Singapore in using skills and not paper qualifications as a criterion.”
“Thank you, Chairman. I have three points. Minister, I think the "no PSLE through-train" idea was not just a Workers' Party (WP) idea. Many of us are interested. And I know that the MOE staff had gone through the idea, even during Deputy Prime Minister Heng Swee Keat's time. Sir, I would like MOE to consider getting some of us involved in thinking through some of the constraints and considerations, to see if indeed, in Singapore, there is no way that a through-train school like this can happen. The second clarification is about MOE Kindergartens (MKs). I know that when MOE first entered this space, it was to give access to the less advantaged or disadvantaged preschoolers. That is one. Second is also to learn a little bit more about the space of early childhood education, in terms of content, pedagogy and assessment. So, I want to ask what lessons has MOE has learnt from this MK initiative? And how can they be shared, to ensure that those who have no access to these good MKs have a chance to also learn and everybody can be uplifted, in terms of early childhood, preschool or kindergarten education? That is my second question. My third one is: I know that, as some of the Members, including the Minister, have mentioned, quite a number of employers are still fixated on paper qualifications versus skills as the proxy for promotions and for hiring. I know it is not easy, but I wonder if the public sector, being the biggest employer in Singapore, can show and lead the way? There are some jobs that are probably being done already in the public sector that use skills-based instead of paper-based criteria. I also know, however, that in education or in a non-profit organisation, one of the conditions is that there must be some kind of paper qualification.”
“The current criteria for staying till age 21 is based on whether one can stay on to get a work skills certification. That ought to be changed. SPED students need longer learning runways to build vocational and other life skills for survival especially in this rapidly fast-paced and wired world. Two, jointly work out and pilot a lifelong learning SPED school model with a taskforce of thinkers cum doers with a track record to create a school like no other in the world. And three, support SPED schools in specific areas of need. Review salaries to attract and retain good staff. Expand the pool of potential SPED educators by allowing MOE NIE candidates to apply to join SPED schools. Keep to very essential and core admin reports and meetings so that educators and school leaders can focus on educating their students. Sir, education for children with SEN has made tremendous progress in the last decade, thanks to MOE and partners. I urge MOE to continue to expand its vision to meet the lifelong learning needs of this special community so they will thrive and not be left behind. Support for Teachers' Well-being”
“Sir, about 80% of children with Special Educational Needs (SEN) attend mainstream schools in Singapore, with more in-school support in recent years. Kudos to MOE. The educational outcomes for students with SEN in mainstream schools however, primary, secondary and post-secondary settings are currently inconsistent. Beyond social integration, many of them also need a diet of additional lessons in life skills such as work habit development, communications and social skills. The rest, 20% of students with SEN, are educated in some 20 Special Education (SPED) Schools. Many exit at the age of 18 unless they are assessed to be capable of getting a work skills certificate. Sir, I shared in this House my view of what a SPED school of the future can look like. Today, I offer seven further suggestions. For students with SEN in mainstream schools, I urge the MOE to: One, put aside resources to study and analyse the educational outcomes of SEN students in mainstream schools in primary, secondary and post-secondary school settings. Two, develop an assessment framework to regularly evaluate if the current intervention approach is providing each SEN student the holistic education that they need. Three, adopt a holistic individual education plan for each mainstream student with SEN, covering not just their academics but also other indicators of student well-being. Four, tap on expertise in the SPED system to systematically address the gaps not covered in the mainstream set up. Provide a budget to make that happen. To better support students in SPED schools, I urge MOE to: One, extend the formal SPED school exit age to age 21 for all SPED schools, beyond the current age 18.”
“If any country can do it, I believe Singapore can. Transforming Early and Primary Education”
“So, as lifespan and retirement age rises, more aggressive steps are needed to uplift this segment of at-risk Singaporeans. So, in conclusion, Sir, for our education to be relevant and ready for the future, we must identify and work on the game changers to significantly move the needle.”
“As long as most businesses and schools do not have an effective alternate system of assessing competencies and proficiencies, the focus on the traditional exams and academics will continue. We already know of tech companies and creative industries which prioritise portfolios, evidence of desired skills and experience over school results and use these for hiring decisions. Next, on innovation. I urge the Ministry to allow for and support the blooming of alternate education school models. Seriously study the potential of through-train schools without the PSLE, micro schools – with school sizes of say 100 to 300 students, quality home schools and lifelong learning schools especially for students with disabilities who are unlikely to be well-served by the mainstream SkillsFuture offerings. The use of approaches such as the individualised education plans, blended pedagogy, technology and harnessing the whole of society can similarly be applied and quality need not be compromised. So, let us be bold and take some calculated risks. Next, on adult learners. I urge the Ministry to conduct a deep study of a specific segment of mid-career and middle-aged Singaporeans and develop programmes to uplift those at risk. Now, much has been spoken of the success of Singapore's 15-year-olds in PISA, the OECD’s Programme for International Student Assessment. However, not much is said of the Programme for the International Assessment for Adult Competencies (PIAAC) or the OECD Survey of Adult Skills. The last PIAAC report was published in 2016. It shows that while Singapore adults aged 16 to 34 fare well, our older adults aged 45 to 65 performed lower than the OECD average in literacy and numeracy.”
“Chairman, education is very close to my heart. I made almost 30 speeches in this House on education, including on schools for the future, removing the PSLE, through-train schools, tuition, special education and lifelong learning. I will touch briefly on the future of education today. Sir, I am excited by the five required key shifts articulated by Education Minister Chan, shifts for the future of education. As always, a visionary. These five key strategic shifts include moving education from the first 15 to the next 50 years, harnessing strengths of the whole of society in education and other strategic moves. But as we know, behind every big vision are thousands of plodding steps needed to make the vision a reality. There are not only current structures, systems and processes but also current mindsets to reckon with. Many of the required key shifts articulated by Minister Chan sound like the proverbial new wine that needs to be stored into wineskins. We have heard of how one does not pour new wine into old wineskins, lest the new wine will burst the old wineskins and both wine and skins are destroyed, lost. So, would the Minister please share his analysis of what might be the driving and restraining forces of making these key shifts, the new wine, in education and what needs to be done to secure a good future for Singapore's education system? Next, I wish to offer three suggestions today for MOE's consideration. On over-emphasis of exams and academics. I urge the Ministry to research and develop an alternate system to the current (a) school admission and (b) staff recruitment system by employers for example, which predominantly uses exam grades and paper qualifications as the proxy for competencies.”
“Chairman, the global crises in the last two years served as important reminders that the people of Singapore need to be prepared to step up and respond in the event that we face crises. Let me cite three cases for illustration. One, the ongoing Russia-Ukraine war has shown the importance of prepared and willing citizens who are able to not only respond to challenges such as food and energy shortages, but also resourceful enough to put lifesaving skills and other civil defence responses into practice, to save their own lives and that of other citizens. Two, the COVID-19 pandemic, where not only our healthcare, border security and livelihoods were put to the test, but also the spread of misinformation and disinformation to make things worse. Three, the recent massive earthquakes in Turkey and Syria, causing thousands dead and missing, and millions displaced. Situations caused by geopolitical conflicts, health and natural disasters. Singapore has not and will not be spared from such disruptions to their lives. We are even more vulnerable because we are a small-nation state and have to punch above our weight to ensure we will not be defeated and will emerge stronger than ever. It is, hence, vital that we prepare Singaporeans adequately and in advance for emergencies – from having sufficient essential supplies for our people, to giving timely and correct information to together navigate through such crises. What has MINDEF done, and will do, to better prepare Singaporeans for future crises? How will it muster the strong resources it has and collaborate and align with other Government Ministries, ground agencies and volunteers, to ensure that we can band together during tough times?”
“How much would the Affordable Homes Scheme cost in total to taxpayers, especially to Singaporeans who do not get to enjoy it? And how does the high demand for prime location, mature estate housing be addressed, versus my earlier suggestions? I look forward to Mr Leong's clarification. Sir, in conclusion, Singapore's public housing programme is world-class. It is now so appealing that most young Singaporeans want to have a piece of it, want to be part of this. I do not think it is broken, but it can further evolve to ensure that priority is indeed given to fundamentally housing our citizens. Housing policies and pricing decisions everywhere in the world are complex and involve decisions that affect economic, social and political stability. We cannot just reboot or reset at will. So, I urge Singaporeans not to be taken in by populist suggestions to undermine our precious national public housing programme. I support the Motion by the Minister for National Development.”
“I hope I have heard the proposal correctly because Mr Leong has moved from his former position of excluding land cost totally from BTO flats to now, a deferred land cost. According to this proposal, from what I heard, a buyer will need to pay only: one, a construction cost; and two, a notional location cost, when he buys a flat. HDB will then record the historical cost of this flat which will then be clawed back when a buyer decides to sell. This way, according to Mr Leong, a Tengah flat, which is quoted at $350,000 would go for $140,000. And I guess it will just take one to two years of one's annual pay to pay up this flat. And, if the owner decides to stay, then he will get to keep the flat at $140,000. A flat indeed without land cost. Mr Leong is indeed proposing a very big Valentine's Day gift of a double subsidy to every Singaporean BTO buyer. I wonder how this will be financed or traded-off against other national needs, such as healthcare, education, not to mention the current housing deficits. I also have a question. How does Mr Leong's proposal address the elephant in the room that I have mentioned, that mature estates in prime locations are still highly sought after? A Bishan BTO today costs about $500 to $600 per square foot, while a private property just across the road at Skyview costs $1,700 per square foot – more than double the BTO price. How does Mr Leong's proposal address this elephant in the room that there are still mature estates that are still very popular and how do you meet the needs of first-time owners who want to live in these prime locations? Is this solving a housing affordability issue or just confusing the issues? So, I seek Mr Leong's clarification on his proposed Affordable Homes Scheme.”
“Next, on balancing the appeal of mature versus non-mature estates. We need to engineer demand away from popular mature estates. Like what Nominated Member of Parliament Cheng Hsing Yao mentioned, is it "a must-have" or "a nice-to-have", to stay in a popular estate? HDB should engineer a change to shift demand away from the mature estates. Let me propose some ways. One, build even more appealing satellite towns away from the popular estates through better residential concepts, better education facilities, business hubs and transport amenities. HDB has done it before and can do it again. Bishan, once unpopular because it was a former graveyard is now one of the most sought-after, due to good schools and excellent public transport connections. The new town of Punggol with its waterway, parks and jetty, and a proposed Punggol District Park is another. Two, provide more substantive financial and non-financial incentives especially for first-time BTO applicants to move to non-mature estates. It is not uncommon to hear of governments in other countries providing very attractive incentives to entice people, citizens to relocate to targeted residential zones. Three, do more for couples embarking on marriage and parenthood, especially first-timer applicants. Take a calculated risk at least in the short term to Build-Then-Order, to advance build for this group, building in advance, instead of just Build-To-Order. I am really glad that the Minister is considering shorter waiting time flats and I would urge him to consider an even shorter or no waiting time flat for these genuine first-timers. Finally, I just want to say a few words about Mr Leong Mun Wai's latest proposals, the Affordable Homes Scheme, which introduces a deferred land cost to a newly purchased flat.”
“Alas, it may be too late for HDB to turn back the clock entirely and revert to the policy of only insisting that one must live in one's HDB flat, disallow one to purchase a private property whilst owning an HDB flat. Times have changed. Needs and aspirations of home owners have changed over time and some flexibility is to be expected. However, the fundamental purpose and priority of public housing has to remain to provide for affordable housing for each Singaporean household to live in. The key, now, Sir, is then to balance between home owner-occupation and investment, and second, to manage the demand for HDB flats in popular mature estates versus non-mature estates. First, on balancing between home owner-occupation and investment. I suggest the following. One, continue to apply the principles of the PLH scheme to the popular and mature HDB estates, to further strengthen the owner-occupation intent of public housing and to weaken the investment intent. Where need be, the Government must have the moral courage to apply the same principles to all HDB estates with stricter applications to the popular locales. Two, continue with the additional buyer stamp duty (ABSD) introduced by the Government to tax the purchase of second and subsequent residential properties. Industries, professionals and potential buyers I spoke to have found that this ABSD measure is effective. It is an effective cooling measure. My suggestion is to make a bigger distinction between the ABSD that Singaporeans have to pay versus Permanent Residents (PRs) and foreigners, to ensure that Singapore properties will be less costly to Singaporeans and will remain mostly in Singaporeans' hands. If non-Singaporeans wish to purchase more Singapore properties, they should pay a higher price.”