Goh Hanyan
Singapore
“We will continue pressing on to build a Public Service that is ready to partner citizens sincerely and wholeheartedly – and become better partners that our citizens can count on. I thank Mr Foo again for sharing what his residents have accomplished.”
“Sir, I appreciate the Member raising the interest from his residents. We are aligned in wanting to provide more access to these facilities for our Singaporeans.”
“(In English): Mr Chairman, growing up is not a straight line. It begins with learning you are tougher than you think. It continues with you finding your way without losing who you are. And it grows into stepping forward to shape what comes next.”
“On the Youth Panels, I agree that it is very important for it to be brought to fruition and to show up in policy. MCCY and NYC manage this very closely to ensure that the recommendations are then put through the policy pipeline. For example, one of the topics was called #LifeHacks, but essentially, it was about financial resilience.”
“Thank you, Chairman. I appreciate the Member's consideration and concern for the cohorts affected by COVID-19. As I mentioned in my main speech, our priority for OBS is the MOE-OBS Challenge scale-up for Secondary 3 students up to 2030. That will be our priority – to get it right, to make sure we do it well.”
“To the Member's questions on sites for the MOE-OBS Challenge, yes, it will primarily be OBS' sites, so, they will be Pulau Ubin and also the Coney Island campus that will be coming up.”
The complete record
Every one of 58 lines we hold for Goh Hanyan, in date order, each linked to its source. Free to read, in full, without an account. Page 1 of 2.
“We will continue pressing on to build a Public Service that is ready to partner citizens sincerely and wholeheartedly – and become better partners that our citizens can count on. I thank Mr Foo again for sharing what his residents have accomplished. He has reminded us that when Government and people lean in jointly, the whole is far greater than the sum of its parts. That instinct and belief that we are stronger together is one of Singapore's greatest strengths, and it is one we must never take for granted. A democracy of deeds is something we build iteratively – learning as we go and always searching for a deeper partnership with our people. That is the work ahead and we take it on with conviction. [(proc text) Question put, and agreed to. (proc text)] [(proc text) Resolved, "That Parliament do now adjourn." (proc text)]”
“All that I have shared are proof of what is possible when Singaporeans step forward. We want to make it easier for more of this to happen. For starters, we formed the SGPO as the first stop for any citizen who wants to partner the Government. Anyone can submit your ideas through the Partners Portal. SGPO will open doors to the right partners – providing support from venues to volunteers and publicity – to bring your ideas to life. If your idea is not fully formed, SGPO's Citizens' Circles will offer a safe space for you to refine your ideas with agencies and fellow citizens. Finally, as Mr Foo pointed out, we launched the $50 million SG Partnerships Fund this year to support citizens and ground-ups at any stage – from starting up to scaling up. Ultimately, the most enduring community efforts are those that belong to people who built them. We want to give those efforts the best possible start and will refine our measures to keep barriers low and support relevant. Finally, undergirding all three fronts is a commitment that we are making to ourselves. That partnering citizens well is a capability the Government must build with intention. We are investing in structures, skills and the culture to engage citizens meaningfully. The formation of the SGPO I mentioned earlier is a signal of that commitment. MCCY has been facilitating the building of engagement capabilities across Government, and at all levels. We are training our officers and our leaders, sharing best practices, and providing more opportunities for ground learning. Our goal is to rally agencies to step forward and work closely with our citizens across all three fronts that I spoke about today.”
“We want every Singaporean who steps forward to find exactly that. The third front is when Singaporeans take it upon themselves to build what their communities need, ahead of any policies or programmes. For these efforts to thrive, Government plays the role of enabler and partner. That means providing funding that is accessible, processes that are responsive and a willingness to hold space and follow the lead of citizens who are closest to the opportunity. The residents of Tanjong Pagar group representative constituency are a great example of this – no one understands the community better than the very people who live in it. There are many other inspiring examples. Through the National Heritage Board's Heritage Activation Nodes, community partners and residents in Katong-Joo Chiat, Clementi and Punggol have been creating heritage programmes, mobilising 460 volunteers and forging close to 120 partnerships since 2024. We will be expanding these nodes to more neighbourhoods this year, including Tiong Bahru and Telok Blangah. We are excited about the possibilities. Our young people are perhaps most willing to simply start; to see something their community needs and build it. What they need from us is access to resources and a system that backs them. This is exactly what we are doing through the National Youth Council's Young ChangeMakers Grant, where youths themselves are empowered to evaluate and approve Government funding for projects by fellow Singaporeans. Earlier this year, I also announced that we will launch the Somerset Belt Youth CoLab. A team of 15 youth leaders will be given dedicated spaces and funding to activate these spaces at *SCAPE and the Somerset Belt. They are now working with youth communities to plan for the upcoming Youth Month in July.”
“In 2023, the National Youth Council introduced the Youth Panels for young Singaporeans to be co-authors of national initiatives and policies they are passionate about. We will launch the next run of Youth Panels later this year for more youths to step forward and contribute. The goal here is not consultation for its own sake. It is a government and its people thinking through hard problems side by side and arriving at better answers. That is the ideal we are holding ourselves to and will continue creating opportunities to do so. The second front is volunteerism. Volunteerism is citizenship in action and that instinct is alive and well. Many Singaporeans want to give their time and their skills to causes they believe in. Here, our role is to strengthen the conditions to help it to flourish. We have learned that to sustain it, people need clear pathways to match their causes to their strengths and the assurance that their contributions make a difference. We have been working hard to strengthen the volunteering ecosystem to make it more easy for Singaporeans to step forward and more meaningful for them to stay on. Our island-wide network of 24 SG Cares Volunteer Centres works with community partners to identify town-level needs, such as senior befriending, and reaches out to interested citizens in areas to meet those needs. For our youths, Youth Corps Singapore has been championing youth volunteerism by bringing together youths to do good – and many of them are already doing so. In 2025, more than 10,000 Youth Corps Leaders and volunteers contributed over 75,000 hours of service, impacting some 6,500 beneficiaries. Regardless of age, a giving society is one where people feel connected to something that is larger than themselves.”
“PUB's Our Coastal Conversations is an example where the public discussed how we can protect our land against rising sea levels. At a session for City-East Coast, we listened to participants, whose views shaped our recommendations for Changi Beach Park. We also agree with Mr Foo that citizen engagement should be at the heart of infrastructure planning and are learning from ground-up trials. Today, HBD and Town Councils already engage residents on neighbourhood upgrades. To take this further, MCCY, Ministry of National Development and HDB are piloting different ways to deepen this engagement as part of NRP in Boon Lay and Canberra. We will learn from these pilots to improve citizen involvement in the NRP consultation process. Likewise, we are open to resident-led efforts that strengthen our recycling ecosystem. For example, MSE is partnering Zero Waste SG's trial of dedicated recycling bins for clean stream recyclables in Pioneer. We are encouraged that Mr Foo's residents have seen early success with their own collection drives and are looking forward to learning from their efforts. Mr Foo also suggested an approach centred on social impact and ground-up proposals for state properties. We share this vision. Social and community value are already key considerations in how state properties are allocated. SLA will continue to engage social startups and non-government organisations to understand their needs, and work with agencies to unlock more state properties with social impact. Beyond these areas, the spirit of collaboration is just as vital, if not more so, for the next generation. When you give young people a real responsibility, they rise to meet it.”
“Mr Speaker, Mr Foo has spoken passionately about a democracy of deeds and I want to start by crediting that work. Democracy of deeds is a simple yet powerful idea – that a thriving society is built not just by its government, but by everyone who lives in it through acts of participation. This is precisely what we in government believe Singapore needs more of. A strong Singapore requires both sides to show up. We need a society that sees shaping our shared future as something worth giving time and effort to. And we need a government that meets that energy with equal seriousness, building structures and a culture to make genuine partnership possible. People are already showing up – as we have seen from Mr Foo's examples – and we want to encourage them. We are on a journey to learn how to step back so that citizens step forward to issues that matter to them. To shift the question from "What can the Government do for you?" to "How might we partner together?" This shift – from government for the people, to the government with the people – is something we are actively leaning into, across three fronts: deepening citizen participation in plans and policies; expanding volunteerism; and enabling citizen-led initiatives. The first is how citizens participate in shaping Government's plans and policies. This calls for openness from Government to share trade-offs and welcome diverse perspectives to shape outcomes. When people are trusted with real questions and agency, we believe the proposals that emerge are stronger, and so is the relationship between citizen and state. While the Government has traditionally led in these areas, this has started to change in recent years.”
“Sir, I appreciate the Member raising the interest from his residents. We are aligned in wanting to provide more access to these facilities for our Singaporeans. Rest assured, Sport SG is working on enhancing the My ActiveSG+ booking system – first, focusing on enhancing and improving the user experience, before working on expanding the use of ActiveSG credits for People's Association facilities. So, this is currently in the works.”
“To the Member's questions on sites for the MOE-OBS Challenge, yes, it will primarily be OBS' sites, so, they will be Pulau Ubin and also the Coney Island campus that will be coming up. Also, we want to highlight that the programme is also expeditionary in nature, so there will be certain locations that make use of nature and surroundings. It will be beyond those two campuses. In terms of the operators, OBS will be the main operator, or the only operator for MOC. There are other operators out there that conduct camps, but these would be more for school-run specific camps.”
“Thank you, Chairman. I appreciate the Member's consideration and concern for the cohorts affected by COVID-19. As I mentioned in my main speech, our priority for OBS is the MOE-OBS Challenge scale-up for Secondary 3 students up to 2030. That will be our priority – to get it right, to make sure we do it well. Further, if you look back at the cohorts impacted by COVID-19, we also recognise that many of them are at different phases of life. They may be in very different places – National Service, working, so on and so forth. So, bringing them back together again for a common single experience would be a lot more operationally challenging.”
“On the Youth Panels, I agree that it is very important for it to be brought to fruition and to show up in policy. MCCY and NYC manage this very closely to ensure that the recommendations are then put through the policy pipeline. For example, one of the topics was called #LifeHacks, but essentially, it was about financial resilience. This led to an idea of having a youth-centric guide that consolidates financial information for youths. MCCY is working closely with the relevant agencies to bring it to pass. I also wanted to highlight that apart from looking at policy outcomes, what we also want to improve was the experience of the youths. What they said as well was that they appreciated the interaction, but they also wanted to have some skills to help them with policy-making. So, that is what we will do in the next run – to equip them with policy-making skills so they can better appreciate the process.”
“(In English): Mr Chairman, growing up is not a straight line. It begins with learning you are tougher than you think. It continues with you finding your way without losing who you are. And it grows into stepping forward to shape what comes next. As I shared at the beginning of my speech, around the world, many societies are grappling with weakening bonds. But will that be our future? Surely, we must do all we can to avoid that. If we put the right pieces in place, can we move in the right direction? Can we build a generation that feels deeply connected to society? A generation that feels that Singapore is theirs and that they are Singapore's? The SG Youth Plan will be our commitment to build that generation of young people who are confident to try, connected to one another and ready to contribute. We will keep listening. We will keep building the right support around you. And we will keep creating spaces for you to lead. [Applause.]”
“When I spoke to some members, they were clear about what they needed the most – space, funding and agency to make their vision happen. We are therefore backing the CoLab with a dedicated space to activate and a $300,000 annual budget to bring their ideas to life across Somerset Belt. This way, youths can transform Somerset Belt into a place that is truly, boldly theirs. Let us envision a space that breathes with youthful life – a place they have built and filled with their energy. We are putting our belief in our young people into action – real investment, real decisions, real responsibility. This is us saying: we trust you to lead; show us the way. Now, that is what ownership looks like. Mr Chairman, please let me say a few lines in Mandarin. (In Mandarin): [Please refer to Vernacular Speech.] The Government places great importance on youth development. They are the future leaders of our nation and our country's hope. We sometimes inadvertently compare youth with the previous generation. However, each generation of Singaporeans faces their own challenges. Our current generation of youth has their aspirations and possesses a strong sense of social mission. This is their strength. Rather than comparing them with the previous generation, we should give them space to express themselves freely, find their own path and discover their own strengths. We should also give them opportunities to develop interpersonal skills through play or to grow from failure. Over the next year, the Government will collaborate with various partners to develop a five-year SG Youth Plan aimed at nurturing a generation that is ambitious, resilient and has a strong sense of national belonging. We welcome suggestions from all sectors of the society and encourage active participation from all.”
“They do not just ask, "What should I do?", but also start asking, "What can I change?" Young people told us clearly that being heard is not the same as being trusted. Real responsibility and agency build confidence. Prof Kenneth Poon and Dr Charlene Chen as well as Ms Elysa Chen asked about how we are supporting youth participation to create a sense of belonging. We have been creating many such opportunities. Take the NYC's Young ChangeMakers Grant. This seed funding programme puts youths in charge from start to finish. Young people do not just receive funding and mentorship; they are fully responsible for evaluating each other's proposals and giving advice. For impactful proposals, we are prepared to support them further. There are different programmes that youths can access, such as the National Youth Fund and the new SG Partnerships Fund that Senior Minister of State Low just touched on. In his Budget speech, the Prime Minister also mentioned the Youth Panels. Youth Panels work differently but with the same spirit – young people partner directly with Government agencies to shape policies they care about. In the first run, 120 youths rolled up their sleeves to tackle topics, like financial resilience and environmental sustainability. The next run of the Youth Panels launches later this year. We will share more details when ready. We want to create even more opportunities for young people to contribute. I am glad to announce that we will form the Somerset Belt Youth CoLab, a group of 15 youths who will drive, own and lead the spaces and activities within the Somerset Belt. The CoLab will take control of the Somerset Belt's programming and activities. They will decide which spaces serve what purpose. Simply put, they will create the vibe that defines the Somerset Belt.”
“As much as it has the potential to replace some junior-level tasks, it can equip you with the power to compress traditional learning curves. Your generation will teach us many things about AI and its possibilities. But we are also here for you with our experiences and memories of navigating change. We need to tap on each other's strengths. This shared learning is precisely what young people have told us matters. Someone walking alongside them. Someone to help them make sense of all this uncertainty and find their inner strength. Someone to remind them that life does not follow a straight line, but there always are ways to find solid ground beneath your feet. This is why we will grow mentorship opportunities so that our youths will have someone to journey with them through the big and small "leaps" in life. Ms Hazlina Abdul Halim would be glad to know that since 2022, we have created over 20,000 mentoring opportunities through the Mentoring SG movement. We know that finding a mentor is not easy when there is so much to keep up with in life. As such, we want to lower the barriers and make professional connections more accessible for you. We are bringing mentorships directly to schools, where you are. We recently partnered three polytechnics to create mentoring programmes under Mentoring SG. By 2030, these programmes will serve up to 11,000 students annually. More partnerships are on the way. Just imagine if we all step up to contribute our experience, lend a listening ear and journey together with our young people through their life transitions. This is the culture that we can only create if we set aside time for our young people. This is what we want to do under Mentoring SG. After navigating the next "leap" in life, something shifts yet again for many young people.”
“" "Separately, in other places, we might get stares. But here, there is no judgement." "This is a place to just be. It gives us the time and space to pursue our ideas and passion." There was a palpable sense of hope and energy. And we are only four months into the relaunch. *SCAPE is just the start. We want to bring this movement closer to where our young people live. We will create more welcoming, open spaces across Singapore, where you can gather freely and form friendships. We will share more details at the launch of the SG Youth Plan. As young people move into the next stage in life, the questions change. For students coming out of school, the next step is entering the workforce. Am I on the right path? Will I be employable? Over the past days, many in this Chamber have highlighted youth anxieties about work, especially in the face of AI. Indeed, it is daunting finding work now when you can barely imagine what jobs will exist tomorrow, let alone plan a career. Yet we cannot block these advances. What matters then, is building the skills to thrive with technology. 5.30 pm Our Ministries are working hard at this, as shared by my colleagues over the past few days. For example, our Institutes of Higher Learning will enhance their AI curriculum, while emphasising soft skills that will complement the use of AI. For working youths, we will support them in learning AI-related skills, such as providing free access to premium AI tools, for those who take up selected AI training courses. Fundamentally, the real power lies in how our young people choose to engage in these tools. Your generation – the digital- or even the AI-native generation – knows how to use these tools instinctively.”
“Mr Darryl David and Ms Valerie Lee asked about extending OBS to all ages and expanding the OBS overseas programmes. I thank them for these are valuable suggestions. Yet with finite resources, our priority must be to get the MOC scale-up right for our students first, before we consider other areas. Ms Valerie Lee also talked about supporting the Outdoor Adventure Education sector. We have been doing so through the Outdoor Adventure Education Council, which was formed in 2022 to uplift the sector. The Council brings partners together to establish national standards and exchange best practices across the sector. Beyond organised activities, such as OBS, friendships form in ordinary moments of just being together. Many young people feel that as years pass, there are fewer physical places where this can happen naturally. Dr Charlene Chen, Ms Elysa Chen and Ms Eileen Chong therefore asked about creating more spaces for our youths. We are developing the Somerset Belt as a youth precinct. Somerset Belt is the area around Somerset MRT Station, comprising *SCAPE, the Somerset Youth Park and Skate Park. We received over 16,500 responses on what youths and others hope to see. Our youths also worked alongside architects and planners on the design and programmes of Somerset Belt. We aim to start construction work later this year. Meanwhile, exciting programmes and activities are already happening at the Belt. We relaunched *SCAPE last November and it is now a hive of activities centred on youth interests – anime, dance, art, tabletop games, music, the list goes on. I was at *SCAPE on a Friday evening and spoke to some of the young people hanging out there. I asked what *SCAPE meant to them. This is what they told me, "It is a sandbox where I could quickly test my event concept.”
“In time, all 15-year-olds in Singapore will get to experience OBS at least once in their lives. Each OBS watch comprises 12 students from different schools. Strangers who will embark on the outdoors for five days. Through these shared experiences, they will learn life skills, gain confidence in tackling the unknown and make lasting friendships. Like Ms Valerie Lee, I am sure OBS has left a lasting impact on some in this Chamber. In fact, I was in the same watch as Valerie when we were 15. We went away sunburnt with legs full of sandfly bites, but the core memories stayed with us even till today. The expansion of the MOC is made possible by the new OBS Coney campus. I am glad to update that the campus will open its doors later this year. Picture this, teams of four students working together on advanced rope challenges instead of just pairs today. These expanded team activities will push more young people to rely on each other, building stronger bonds and greater resilience. What is particularly meaningful is that some of these challenges, including high elements, will be wheelchair-accessible – this ensures that no student is left behind when acquiring and building these crucial life skills. As Mr Darryl David reminded us, OBS was set up in 1967 by Dr Goh Keng Swee "to develop mentally and physically rugged youths to be active citizens inspired to serve the community." The words "rugged" and "active citizens" capture the evergreen spirit of Singapore. Our eternal way of being, so that our nation endures. But the need has clearly changed. In 1967, we needed ruggedness as we struggled for nationhood. Today, we need resilience to navigate an uncertain world and maintain a strong sense of identity and belonging as one people, one nation.”
“What I will share today are some key areas we are developing under the SG Youth Plan to support different phases of a young person's life. When we listened carefully, what came through clearly was this. Early on, young people want the confidence to try, to test themselves, to fall and to get back up. They understand that the world is full of uncertainty, but they do not want to be sheltered from these challenges. They want real experiences, in the real world, with real people. As young people grow older, the questions shift to finding direction and meaning in work. And later still, many want to step forward, to contribute and shape the spaces and communities around them. But it all begins with the same question: do I have the courage to try? This is where play matters. Play is often misunderstood here in Singapore. It is not about leisure or being frivolous. For young people, play is where you learn how to make mistakes, bounce back and how to do it with friends and family beside you. When my daughter learned to rollerblade, her first lesson was not how to go fast. It was how to fall safely. And she had the most fun when learning with her friends – fumbling, laughing and getting back up together, made it easier to keep going. Today, young people are spending more time online, but many crave real-life connections. When you head outdoors, especially to new places with new people, you discover something important. You learn that pushing through tough moments is part of progress and that companionship makes all the difference. This is why we will progressively scale up the MOE-Outward Bound Singapore Challenge (MOC) Programme to the entire Secondary 3 cohort by 2030. Last year, about 18,000 students went through the MOC. About 65% of the cohort.”
“What would you do, if you were not afraid? I want to ask this of the young people who may be watching the COS today. But it is also a question for all of us. If fear was not holding you back, what would you try? For many young people today, fear does not come from the lack of ability. It comes from growing up in a world that is highly connected and where missteps and comparisons are amplified. But fear is an integral part of life. Our responsibility is therefore to ensure that our young people are equipped to meet it. And such courage does not happen in isolation. Courage grows when people feel supported, feel rooted and feel like they are part of something larger than themselves. Across many societies, we are seeing signs of weakening relationships and commitments that once anchored people to their communities. Some observers describe this as a broad social drift towards detachment. Ultimately, young people, like us all, want connection and purpose. How can we empower our young people on their journey to find a sense of belonging, meaning and a sense of self, even as social bonds seemingly wane around the world? To answer this question, we went to our young people directly. In fact, we collected over 350,000 responses from youths and stakeholders. We listened to your hopes, your dreams, your concerns. We heard you and we will bring your views to life through the SG Youth Plan, which will launch later this year. This will be a five-year action plan to empower you, our youths, to be the best version of yourself in Singapore. Mr Alex Yam, Prof Kenneth Poon, Ms Hazlina Abdul Halim and other Members, advocated for the need to better engage our youths, to support them, and asked what more can we do. Like Members, MCCY strongly believes in this need.”
“Sir, to the Member's question, before that, I should also highlight that apart from the alerts that happen through the myENV app, we have also expanded our reach through new collaborations to ensure flood information reaches Singaporeans through multiple touch points such as, currently, the Electronic Road Pricing On-Board Units to disseminate flood alerts. This brings the information directly to our citizens. In terms of emergency evacuation drills, PUB has been partnering with different communities. For example, I attended a session together with one of the Residents' Networks and Community Emergency and Engagement, that they organised to bring together citizens or their residents to understand what kind of plans should they put in place for their unique locales' needs; and from there, to generate and to create their own way of supporting their own neighbours and friends during a flood incident. We are hoping to go out there and partner with more communities to activate them and to get them thinking about what to do during an emergency. Finally, I should also add that we have then enhanced our flood monitoring capabilities through water level sensors and closed-circuit televisions so that PUB ourselves can deploy quick response teams as fast as possible in times of flood.”
“Mr Chairman, I thank Mr Foo for his clarification and I appreciate his engagement with our Pioneer hawkers in his constituency, which is an extremely important segment of our culture. He raised questions and concerns about rental transition when family members take over pioneer hawker stalls. So, when a subsidised stall is transferred to an immediate family member of the first-generation subsidised rent-holder, we have a special provision to allow him or her to pay subsidised rental rate. However, for transfers to other family members and relatives, for example, third-generation relatives, we provide a reasonable timeframe of three years for the rent to be staggered from subsidised rent to market rent. Mr Foo also raised a second point on allowing Work Permit holders as stall assistance for stalls operating over 10 years and this was somewhat addressed yesterday during Question Time as well. We recently expanded the pool to include Long-Term Visit Pass (LTVP) and LTVP+ holders who are already in Singapore and can contribute to our economy. This move was carefully considered to help ease manpower challenges while also preserving the local identity and heritage, and the complexion of our hawker centre and our hawker culture. We will monitor the impact because this is a very recent move and we will contemplate further moves if necessary.”
“To Ms Hany Soh's question about whether we measure the outcomes of SG Eco Fund. Today, we do not measure the outcomes in terms of the way that the Member has described, in terms of waste reduced or energy saved. However, we do track in terms of the number of applicants that come forward, the profile of the applicants and the quality of the projects that we get. This is mainly because the SG Eco Fund was started with the objective of empowering and to increase awareness of sustainability objectives. However, over time, as the fund evolves and matures, we could consider.”
“This is how nations endure, by adapting together, preparing early and building for generations. The Government will continue investing for the long-term and we invite every Singaporean to be part of this effort. Because that is what "we first" means – a shared responsibility for a shared future. [Applause.]”
“The new scheme will not only increase the recycling rates of beverage containers but also encourage Singaporeans to develop good recycling habits. Before launching BCRS, we consulted F&B operators extensively and identified two feasible approaches for recycling containers. The first approach is to pour canned beverages into cups for customers to enjoy or to collect the container after consumers finish their drinks. In such cases, F&B operators will not charge customers the 10-cent deposit. We will classify this category of operators as "Return Right F&B" merchants. These F&B operators will display notices in their stores to inform customers that they will not be charged a deposit. We understand that operators who choose to collect the containers themselves need to put in more effort to modify their work processes. To assist these operators, we will provide a one-time subsidy of $500 for each "Return Right F&B" outlet. Operators can submit their applications to the National Environment Agency (NEA). The second approach is to charge customers who purchase canned beverages a 10-cent deposit. After finishing their drinks, customers can put the container into any reverse vending machine to retrieve their 10-cent deposit. This model will be more practical for most coffee shop and hawker centre stall owners. Implementing and perfecting a new policy takes time. During this transition period, we seek the public's support and understanding. At the same time, we also welcome feedback and suggestions for our reference and improvement. As long as we work together, we can all do our part to protect the environment. (In English): Mr Chairman, climate adaptation is about preparing early and acting together. From coasts to floods to community action, each effort depends on all of us.”
“They can also volunteer in sustainability projects overseas through the Youth Corps Expedition Project. Finally, climate adaptation is also about daily behaviour – the habits we form, the choices we make and the responsibilities we all carry as individuals. Let me now say a few words in Mandarin about the Beverage Container Return Scheme and how daily actions can drive sustainability. (In Mandarin): [Please refer to Vernacular Speech.] Singapore is facing severe challenges brought about by climate change. We must seek better solutions to adapt to these changes. MSE hopes to encourage all sectors of society to work together with us to make sustainability a part of our daily lives. The Beverage Container Return Scheme that Dr Janil Puthucheary mentioned yesterday is a good example. Starting next month, supermarkets, hawker centres, coffee shops and some retail outlets will gradually begin selling bottled and canned beverages that are printed or attached with the scheme's deposit mark. To help consumers adapt to the scheme, local major supermarkets will uniformly adopt the following practices. The prices displayed on shelves will not include the 10-cent deposit. Supermarkets will clearly inform consumers that they need to pay an additional 10-cent deposit at checkout. Smaller retailers may adopt different pricing methods. We will continue to work with them to ensure that pricing for bottled and canned beverages remain clear and transparent. After finishing the drinks, consumers can put the marked containers into reverse vending machines to retrieve the 10-cent deposit. SimplyGo EZ-Link cards and concession cards or DBS PayLah! can be used to retrieve the deposit.”
“But imagine, with rising temperatures, this risks heat stroke. With simple monitoring and gentle prompts, seniors are now empowered with the information they need to stay safe when it gets too hot. Ultimately, to adapt, we must first see clearly. When we understand what is changing around us, we can prepare. That is how societies successfully weather change. Ms Hany Soh asked about expanding the SG Eco Fund's scope to support more ground-up action. As climate risks grow, we need more focussed action. So, we are aligned on that. That is why I am announcing the Climate Adaptation Package under the SG Eco Fund. Starting 1 May 2026, we will commit up to $5 million over two years to fund projects, like HeatAware SG, that build awareness and inspire action on climate adaptation topics. These topics, include heat resilience, as Mr Ng Shi Xuan, Mr David Hoe and Ms Valerie Lee highlighted; flood protection, water conservation and supporting local produce. We will open applications all year-round and increase funding for supportable project costs from 80% to 90%. Climate change can feel overwhelming. But we believe you can make a difference. If you have ideas, take advantage of the SG Eco Fund. We want to hear from you and we are here to support you to turn your ideas into reality. To our young people, your energy and your ideas are exactly what we need to build a resilient Singapore, one that you can inherit with confidence. Mr Lee Hong Chuang would be heartened to know that we are also committed to empowering our young people in building resilience beyond our shores. The National Youth Council's Singapore-Association of Southeast Asia Nations (ASEAN) Youth Fund supports youth sustainability projects across Southeast Asia.”
“It will help business owners assess their flood exposure through a Do-It-Yourself (DIY) Flood Risk Matrix and decide what protection measures they need for their properties. The guidance is practical and draws directly from industry experience. 11.00 am Beyond what businesses can do, preparedness starts with each one of us. Look out for PUB's "Get Flood-wise in a F.L.A.S.H." campaign or join their outreach events. Learn simple actions to keep yourself and your family safe during heavy rains or floods. Ms Nadia would be glad that we are bringing preparedness to your doorstep. Our teams are visiting flood-prone areas, distributing portable flood barriers that you can set up quickly. We have already distributed over 16,000 of these barriers and are continuing throughout this year. Join us and act now by subscribing to PUB's flood alerts on Telegram, X or on the MyENV app. Next, coastal and flood protection are important to keeping Singapore safe and liveable. An engaged community is what truly makes the difference. We are encouraged to see communities across Singapore coming forward, coming together with solutions to protect our environment and promote sustainability. We are supporting your efforts through the SG Eco Fund. Since 2020, the SG Eco Fund has awarded over $21 million to support close to 500 initiatives, engaging over 700,000 individuals. I am particularly excited about an SG Eco Fund project tackling indoor heat for seniors, a topic less understood and not talked about enough. HeatAware SG by Sustainable Living Lab puts sensors in homes to help seniors understand temperature build-up and gives timely cooling advice. One senior who they worked with had never used fans, even on hot days, a habit brought over from kampong days.”
“We see this in Singapore, where steel and concrete abut wilderness. I saw it myself when I joined a few nature group volunteers on an intertidal walk. Sea creatures like nudibranchs and sand dollars, right next to Tanah Merah ferry terminal. We are speaking to communities about coastal protection measures and how they could be designed. This includes residents, businesses, researchers and nature groups, who all interact with our coast differently, yet care about it deeply. I attended one of these sessions at Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve, discussing coastal protection around mangrove habitats. The conversation was rich of perspectives, discussing trade-offs and exploring how we might combine coastal protection measures with public spaces. One suggestion that emerged was transforming the Kranji Tidal Gatehouse into a viewing deck. We are listening and we are onboarding these views as we develop our coastal protection measures across Singapore. Because when people help shapes what protects them, protection becomes something shared rather than something imposed. Second, with extreme weather events happening more often, I am very sure everyone has been caught in unexpected heavy storms. We continue upgrading our drains and infrastructure, but no city can plan and build its way out of every possible storm. For true resilience, we must all be empowered to protect ourselves. As Ms Poh Li San highlighted, businesses can take a step to protect their premises from flooding. To help them understand what those steps may be, PUB worked with industry through an Alliance-for-Action to develop a Flood Resilient Developments Guidebook. The Guidebook will be launched in mid-2026 on PUB's website.”
“Mr Chairman, climate adaptation can sound distant – something handled somewhere else by someone else. But in truth, it shows up in everyday life through the sudden downpour that disrupts your commute or the heat that lingers in your flat a little too long after sunset. These small but growing inconveniences tell us something important: the environment around us is changing and how we respond will shape how we live. In simple terms, climate adaptation means getting ready for disruptions we know are coming. How can we help ourselves stay comfortable and stay safe as the climate shifts. For Singapore, this work is becoming more urgent. Yesterday, Minister Grace Fu announced, we are designating 2026 as our Year of Climate Adaptation. A year to increase awareness and bring everyone into the action. At MSE, this reflects our unified approach to "we first". Everyone has a stake in how Singapore adapts and everyone has a role in making it work. Over the next few minutes, I will share how we are bringing this approach to life along our coasts, across our communities and in our daily action. First, as a land scarce country, Singapore is vulnerable to rising seas. In simple terms, if we do nothing, each rise in sea level means less land for us. We are already seeing some effects today. In January this year, spring tides flooded parts of East Coast Park, even without rain. This shows us that coastal flooding is not a distant future problem, it is happening now. The Government has committed billions through the Coastal and Flood Protection Fund and this is a long-term investment measured in generations. At its core, coastal protection is about safeguarding land while supporting the way people and nature share our coasts.”
“I thank the Member for his supplementary question. We all recognise that different households beyond room types may have different needs depending on the composition of their household. Currently, as the Member mentioned, the U-Save rebates are organised based on room types. If we are required to look at further circumstances of the household, this will then necessitate further gradation of that classification. So, it will require further study. But I do want to point out that beyond U-Save rebates, there are other forms of assistance that recognise these different caregiving needs, as explained by the responses in the earlier Parliamentary Questions related to caregiving, as well as other form of community assistance provided by, for example, the Community Development Councils.”
“The Land Betterment Charge was introduced in 2022 to capture part of the land value uplift that accrues to landowners when the Government enhances development potential through planning decisions. This is important because it reflects our commitment to collective benefit. I would like to ask the Minister how has the Singapore Land Authority improved the Land Betterment Charge regime since it came into force in 2022? 8.36 pm”
“Mr Chairman, as a society and economy, we must harness the potential of AI to drive innovation and progress. But we also must ensure that the systems that are in place have to safeguard what makes us human, such as the unique contributions of our creatives that shape our national culture and identity. The training and use of GenAI continues to raise concerns among stakeholders, particularly those in the creative sectors. At COS 2025, then-Minister of State for Law Murali acknowledged the impact of GenAI and said that MinLaw was studying suggestions it had received. These included approaches to improve transparency on how copyrighted material is used for AI training and ways to strengthen the control that rights-holders have over their material. Would MinLaw and the Intellectual Property Office of Singapore (IPOS) be able to provide an update on the work done, and how the Government has responded or will respond to these concerns? Growing ESG Capabilities in Legal Sector”
“As part of licensing conditions, the central kitchens do have to implement food safety measures and of course, as the regulator, SFA then conducts inspections to ensure compliance. At the same time, there were some Parliamentary Questions filed on the SAFE framework that was just launched. Phase 1 was implemented on 19 January 2026. For all Government procurement, we then take into consideration the SAFE grades of these suppliers and central kitchen providers to ensure that they have a proper track record of food safety, due to past inspections and the results of that. This is a shift from the annual snapshot assessments that the previous grading system was based on. And lastly, there was also a question around pre-distribution requirements for central kitchens to adhere to. There are a couple of requirements under SFA's licensing requirements. For example, adopting a uni-directional process, meaning that it helps to segregate ready-to-eat from non-ready-to-eat food products. This ensures that there is no cross contamination. We also require them to identify what we call critical control points along the food preparation process and this helps to monitor potential risks in critical junctures of the food handling process within the central kitchens. And finally, we also then require appointment of a food hygiene officer to oversee the implementation of these measures. So, holistically this helps to hopefully ensure that there is some level of standards before these foods are distributed out of the central kitchens.”
“Sir, I thank the Member for his four supplementary questions. I will reply in turn. The first one was about assurance around ingredient suppliers in central kitchens. First, SFA requires all importers and manufacturers to comply with food safety requirements and central kitchens and in fact, all food establishments should source from these licensed importers and manufacturers. SFA also, of course, inspects central kitchens to ensure food handling is done properly and there is proper segregation between raw ingredients and food products. That is for the first supplementary question from the Member. The second one was about what we can do beyond more frequent inspections. As I covered in my main reply, beyond more frequent inspections, and this is largely due to the larger scale of food preparation and processing that caterers and central kitchens do, additional inspections are also done on these central kitchens if they are found to have repeated food safety lapses. So, there is an additional step-up in terms of frequency of inspections. I think it is also important to then note that these gastroenteritis outbreaks are due to more than one factor usually. And this is not just from issues that arise from the central kitchens but also could be due to onsite handling and preparation issues or it could be due to handling during the transportation process by the transport service provider. So, it requires then SFA to work with all the relevant stakeholders to ensure that our food management system addresses all points of this process. The third part, in terms of operator selection, the Member asked on assurance mechanisms.”
“The other question was around what are the constraints? Resources are finite and so the pace of expansion is also influenced by how quickly mosquito populations can be suppressed, which depends on the local mosquito situation and prevalence of mosquito breeding habitats. So, it is a matter of figuring out how effective our current site releases have been. This is a dynamic situation. And then, on a forward-looking basis, figuring out which sites, then, have a higher incidence and also, the local population of these mosquitoes, for us to decide when the sites will be expanded into. So, in due course, we will be announcing where the new sites will be as we lead up to further expansions towards the end of the year.”
“I thank the Member for his supplementary questions. He had a couple, so I will answer the first one on whether Project Wolbachia was the main reason for the decline in dengue cases in 2025. As I shared, Project Wolbachia is part of NEA's comprehensive strategy to suppress mosquito population and manage dengue risk. It has demonstrated good performance, as the Member has highlighted, reducing the risks of dengue transmission by more than 70% in release areas. So, that is a pretty good result. However, I would also like to say that it is not a silver bullet for suppressing the mosquito population and managing dengue risk. Sustained vigilance and collective responsibility by the community is important to prevent mosquito breeding and remains critical to reduce the risk of dengue transmission. Globally, in 2025, we also saw a decrease in dengue cases from 14.4 million for the year before, to five million; and locally, as I said just now, there is absence of local clusters as well. All of this, collectively, including the combined impact of NEA's comprehensive strategy, rather than that as a single intervention, has helped to lower the number of dengue cases. In short, it is one of the reasons, but it is not the only reason why we are seeing a decline last year. On the other question, I thank the Member for raising the request on behalf of his residents. In terms of site selection, site selection on areas to receive the Wolbachia Aedes mosquito release is based on multiple considerations, including historical dengue situations and the current Aedes Aegypti mosquito population. So, there are many factors in play and it is on a relative basis across different locations in Singapore. NEA will announce the new sites in due course, so we take note of the Member's request.”
“I thank the Member for his questions. First, on the considerations before building an ActiveSG gym, for the Urban Redevelopment Authority's planning areas that have populations above 130,000, there will be a town sports centre with a gym. So, this is the planning parameter. And in terms of the second question on other locations that we might consider for such gym facilities, we will continue to review different formats as part of our Sports Facilities Master Plan. For now, the planning parameter stays as what we will go by for our planning considerations.”
“(In English): Mr Speaker, in conclusion, let us leave behind a Singapore where our children and their children can also say, "They gave us a Singapore that was not just safe, but one where the heart, soul and wonder of its people were nurtured". [Applause.]”
“They must be given the room and the ability to dream. To our youths, I am committed to meet you at your realities from where you start in life to how you experience life and when you enter adulthood, to how you care for who you love. The words of my children's favourite song, and probably some of you as well, it truly describes the future that I hope we can forge for you today: "I am done hiding, now I am shining, like I am born to be. We are dreaming hard, we came so far, now, I believe." Mr Speaker, please let me say a few lines in Mandarin. (In Mandarin): This year marks the 60th anniversary of Singapore and our society has entered a rapid changing new era. Although our younger generation does not worry about basic necessities, like every generation of young people, they too have their own anxieties and pressures. For example, young people worry that their jobs will be replaced by AI, so they are all working hard to learn about AI. But I hope that while young people are catching up with AI, they will also look around, spend more time with family and friends and go outdoors, participate more in group activities, experience life, strengthen their interpersonal skills and most importantly, cultivate resilience in facing failure and overcoming challenges. Beyond this, we must provide more support programmes to help young people reduce their burden and worries. Let them pursue their aspirations with greater confidence and ability. I hope Singapore can serve as a strong foundation for the younger generation to courageously pursue their dreams.”
“It is by working through our deepest discomfort, engaging with others that we grow. It is not by sitting behind a screen alone. Third, our youths are growing up in an ageing Singapore that will place immense pressure on them as they enter adulthood. Once a nation that cared for babies and children, we are now, a nation that cares for the old. Not everyone has children, but everyone has parents. Supporting this generation therefore means supporting them and backing them to care for who they love. Globally, people spend a staggering 16.4 billion hours every single day on unpaid care. According to a Duke-National University of Singapore study, primary informal caregivers in Singapore spend an average of 33 hours each week on care. This scale is significant. It is staggering. It is shocking. As family sizes decrease, the balance between work and caregiving will tip, forcing our youth to choose between family or progression. We can do better. Care is essential to dignity and social cohesion. We must create systems where care is shared more fully, recognised more strongly and supported more holistically. Progression and family should not be a binary choice. They must come hand in hand. In Singapore, we have increased financial support for caregivers and that is a really good start. But we all know, it is the visits to the hospital, the unscheduled calls for help that that really, really strains. In other countries like Switzerland, they provide leave for caregivers. That is something we should evaluate along with similar policies that not only address financial needs, but also time and effort of our caregivers. So, Mr Speaker, rather than looking in the rear view mirror, our youths must be able to look ahead. They must be able to chart their own paths.”
“Our education system must go beyond teaching people how to do economically productive things to one that teaches them how to be in the world, how to interact with others, how to think. Our agencies and other stakeholders have taken steps to address this. For example, the National Youth Council has their Youth Expedition Projects that give students overseas experiences. Stakeholders like The Astronauts Collective have expanded mentorship opportunities and career exploration to our Institute of Technical Education (ITE) and polytechnic students. I saw first-hand how such experiences can be empowering. In June this year, I had the chance to attend the National Youth Council's Leaders Course. This is an annual three-day two-night programme where they bring students from different backgrounds – ITE, polytechnics and universities. At the closing event, a few students were invited on stage to share about their experiences. One of these experiences and sharing resonated deeply with me. He was an ITE student. He went on stage and he shared that at the start of the programme he initially felt out of place and shy. I was surprised by how vulnerable and honest he was in that moment. Then, he shared that it was through the support of his group mates and the activities over the three days that he too realised that he had something to bring to the table. And at the end of it, you could see him standing on stage smiling brightly, presenting confidently and commanding the stage. You could tell from his body language how proud he was. Something had shifted within him. He felt it. We need more of such experiences where our youths can move into uncomfortable spaces, tap into what they had all along, and believe in themselves.”
“In the past few months at Nee Soon, I have seen this myself. Students struggling to get back on their two feet because they are from an abusive family. One where her dad just passed away and others working part-time to supplement a single parent income. These youths need to know that they can break the cycle and chart their own paths. That is how we move forward as a nation. One where every person, every young person has the chance to dream, regardless where they start in life. Second, youths today face a rapidly transforming world because of technology especially AI. AI has helped to do things faster, better and cheaper that has freed us up from the routine tasks. At the same time, there are valid anxieties over how AI impacts our jobs and our sectors. Our youths today, wonder whether the skills they pick up will prepare them for the jobs of tomorrow. According to a LinkedIn study, professionals today, 10% of them hold roles that did not even exist in the year 2000. Imagine what that number will be 10 years from now. The reality is that no one can predict with certainty how jobs will change, and it is precisely because we cannot predict how jobs will change that we must tap into what makes us human and hone in on that. In an everchanging world, I believe that play remains the most important skill to adapt. We must ensure that our youths have the opportunities to experiment, construct meaning from experiences and interact in real life. Because the messy and imperfect spaces where we interact is where we develop our deepest resilience. Now that, is what differentiates human intelligence from artificial. As the phrase goes: having an education is one thing, being educated is another.”
“Compare this to an individual who inherits $5,000,000 in assets. He cashes it out, puts it into a fixed deposit of 1.6%. He or she then earns $80,000 in interest annually. Now this is passive income. In other words, this person is earning 20% more than your median worker. As I said, this is an extremely simplistic example but it is to say that we have to pay attention to returns to capital and returns to labour. Furthermore, wealth accumulation is self-reinforcing. Those with more wealth tend to have higher investment returns and this is because they have better access to financial literacy and riskier financial products. These advantages are then transferred from one generation to the next, widening wealth positions. This is not a unique problem for Singapore. Countries around the world recognise this and are trying ways to address wealth inequality. For example, Spain has a net wealth tax, France has an inheritance tax. However, these instruments have their limitations. Some are prone to loopholes, while others are challenging to administer. And that is because wealth is inherently extremely mobile. But Singapore must find our own way, one where those with more, must contribute more. One that still preserves our values of self-reliance and competitiveness, one where we raise revenues in a way that is fair and progressive. To be clear, this is not about culling tall poppies. This is about giving greater consideration to one's wealth, in addition to one's income within our tax system. This is about channelling accumulated wealth into increasing opportunity and social mobility. When we do this well and channel more resources towards youths that are less privileged, they will feel it. No youth deserves to start 10 laps behind before the race has even begun.”
“On many accounts, they are in a good position compared to their peers globally. Yet many feel unsupported, and some are uncertain about the future. While they may have better starting points today, they are unlikely to see as sharp an inflection in our nation's development as their parents did, and that is because we are a maturing economy. While they are more connected, they yearn for real connections. In 2024, a poll by the Institute of Policy Studies found that those between the ages of 21 and 34 reported a higher loneliness score. More importantly, they were more comfortable interacting online than in person. While the quality of care is increasing, they will shoulder a greater burden of care. Ten years ago, there were about six working-age adults for every senior. The number today is three and a half and it is expected to shrink. So, for our youth to dream, we need to set them on the right path and address three fundamental shifts in their reality, from where they start in life, to how they experience life, and how they care for who they love. First, our youth will experience unequal starting points that they have left unchecked will likely widen with intergenerational wealth transfers. Meritocracy has brought Singapore fairness and growth. A person is rewarded because of his effort and that remains the best organising principle for a society that is multicultural, multireligious and multiracial like Singapore. However, we need to recognise its consequences and adapt. When everyone started from zero, effort was enough. Today, children inherit their parents' advantages, and as such, starting points very greatly right at birth through no effort of the child. Let us take a simple example to illustrate. Today, a median worker in Singapore earns about $66,000 annually.”
“Mr Speaker, I rise in support of the Motion to thank the President for his address. Mr Speaker, Singapore has been described by some as a swan, calm and collected on the surface, but paddling hard beneath. That is what we are as a nation. That quiet, unwavering tenacity is what brought us from mudflats to metropolis. But have we arrived? No, I believe we have just begun. Singapore is safe, stable and secure, but let us be clear that is not our pinnacle. It is our floor. For the next phase of Singapore's development, Mr Speaker, I would like us to challenge ourselves to be that swan that paddles strong in order to take flight to set our gaze beyond the waterline, to put the wind beneath our people's wings. That is how we will stay stable on the water and soar boldly into an uncertain future. To do so, we need to tap into what truly moves us. We all know that feeling – that tug at your heartstrings, not because of sadness, but because you care about something so much, it moves you. Think back on that moment for you. Your child's first steps. Helping a friend in need. Delivering your maiden speech in Parliament. Hold on to that feeling. I hope we can build a Singapore where our youths can feel free to pursue what stirs that precise emotion in them. For us to be a nation that is not just remembered for its order and efficiency but remembered for its soul. For the dreams that it ignites, for the passion that it arouses, and for the courage it gives its young people to pursue what matters to them the most. But for our youths to dream, we need to recognise the realities that they live in. It means little to them when we compare what they have today to our past successes because today is all they know.”
“And so, the cost, in this case, is not as direct as the Member has said, in terms of us forcing the hawker to provide a certain subsidy upfront.”
“The Member's first question was about contract signing and whether NEA has any veto rights within the contract signing process. First and foremost, NEA officers are generally there during the tenancy agreement signing to ensure that terms are explained properly and that hawkers and the stallholders themselves understand what is being communicated. NEA would step in: one, I mentioned earlier on when the guidelines that we put out, the few guidelines that we think are "no-nos", we will step in if those are being infringed. And the other point that we may come in is when we believe that some of the conditions might be too one-sided or overly legalistic. In certain cases when we see that there may be hidden costs, we would then step in. Certainly, there is space for us to come in to do that, but more often than not, I think it is reasonable for us to leave some flexibility because the stallholders are there, and if it is understood and it is clearly explained to them, then the conditions and terms would be inside the contract. The other question is why should hawkers have to bear any of the cost? I suppose my question back is what is the cost that the Member is referring to? Over here, we are saying that value meal items, it should be a price point and then the hawkers themselves would sell a meal that is at that price point, within a suite of food options that could be at different prices. So, you have one at $3.00 or $3.50, and then you have the ability to sell other meal items at various price points, depending on your business strategy. We are not asking the hawkers themselves to dish out a subsidy for these budget meal items. We are asking them to come up with an item on their menu.”
“And now, the Government steps in as well: the cost of constructing and maintaining a hawker centre, we all know it is in the millions, and that is something that the Government does not recover from the operator and the stallholders. So, in fact, there is the value meal requirement, but there is also the context in which we are supporting hawkers that we should also recognise that other parties have provided support for our hawkers too.”
“For the value meal requirement, that is where we say that hawkers are not expected to make a loss. I give you a price, $3.00 to $3.50, and then you figure out how to meet that within the cost of your ingredients so that you are not making a loss. So, my comment was related to the first concept. The second concept on "Pay It Forward", because the stallholders then discuss that together with the operator, it is within the stallholders' consideration set as well, how they will then meet that. If they say they are able to, that is their business decision. And I assume that accounts for their pricing and their marketing strategies as well. I thought to make it very clear that these are two very different concepts. To the Member's question about the distribution of responsibilities for providing low-cost nutrition meals and whether that is entirely fallen on the hawker itself and whether we should review the spread of responsibility. I think we should recognise that the value meal requirement, firstly, again to reiterate, that hawkers are not expected to make a loss. An additional point is that, today, value meals account for 5% to 20% of the number of meals a hawker sells. So, the hawker themselves, this is not expected to result in any business losses. This should also then be seen in the context of what the other parties in the system are supporting hawkers with as well. As I mentioned earlier, operators, for instance, are expected to plough back 50% of operating surpluses to conduct activities that drive traffic to the centre and that benefits the hawkers.”
“Sir, the Member asked two questions. I will answer the first part of the first question squarely, and then I will combine my answer to the first and the second question. So, the first part of the first question is, was NEA aware? I mentioned in my reply just now, NEA was aware of the "Pay It Forward" programme and the requirement that was put into the tenancy agreement. To explain, for tenancy agreements, NEA has specific guidelines that were shared in previous Parliamentary debates. I mentioned examples of working hours as well as liquidated damages and a cap to those amounts. Beyond these hard guidelines, NEA does provide flexibility for operators to then commercially decide, together with the stallholders, on what might be the most appropriate other conditions to build in that recognise location and centre-specific differences. So, it will safeguard a certain set of guidelines; and for everything else, there is flexibility for operators to decide on that to stallholders. What is important to us is that these are made clear and agreed upon with stallholders when tenancy agreements are signed. Because that is where stallholders should also have the responsibility and the ability, frankly, to then agree to these things, calculate it as part as their business decisions when deciding to locate their business in the SEHC versus other SEHCs or NEA hawker centres. So, NEA was aware. The point about charitable initiatives and hawkers not expecting to make a loss, I would like to first differentiate. There are the value meal requirements, which are your lower-cost items, generally between $3.00 and $3.50 per meal, versus the "Pay It Forward" initiative. So, these are two very separate concepts.”