Louis Ng Kok Kwang
Singapore
“It does not matter whether the report was made to the Police or the Corrupt Practices Investigation Bureau. Can the Senior Parliamentary Secretary clarify whether an individual who reports an offence under the Bill to the Police will be similarly protected by the whistle-blowing protections under section 53?”
“In my Adjournment Motion six years ago, I shared the story of Emma, a single unwed parent who came to see me at my Meet-the-People Sessions, together with her two-month-old daughter. They were both living in a shelter. As I shared previously, when I asked why Emma did not shed a tear, she told me that she no longer had any tears left.”
“It is not just Nee Soon East cleaners who pay kickbacks. This, again, is a widespread problem that we have not done enough to detect and tackle. To tackle this more effectively, we need to treat kickbacks as seriously as corruption. We need our laws to have a more deterrent effect to have any chance of wiping out kickbacks.”
“Sir, I thank the Senior Parliamentary Secretary for answering my cut on second-hand smoke. And I am sure he expects me to clarify further. But I think the Senior Parliamentary Secretary mentioned that there is no current technology to catch someone smoking at home and, so, because of that we cannot legislate a ban.”
“Madam, for years, I have spoken up repeatedly in this House, calling for the Government to take action to protect the lives of fellow Singaporeans from second-hand smoke. I have spoken up so much that Senior Minister of State Amy Khor once said that she is immune to me already. But on a more serious note, this is a serious issue.”
“We should end the discrimination and allow them to qualify for the PPHS. Mandate Sterilisation of Pet Cats I have spent a good part of my life calling for HDB to allow the keeping of cats in HDB flats. Many have called for this and I am glad the Government has finally changed our policies and allow the keeping of cats in HDB flats.”
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“Two other startups, Reidao and FundPlaces, allow users to own properties using blockchain in conjunction with complex currency changes or Special Purpose Vehicles, though their services have yet to extend to properties located in Singapore. Yet, another startup, InvestaCrowd, is planning to launch a crowdfunding model for Singapore property. A Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation (HSBC) report states that 89% of recent homeowners look for properties online. Yet consumers may find themselves unclear on the legalities of these models. In 2017, the Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS) said only that it was "closely watching" the space. That same year, Reidao's Chief Executive told the media that it had reached out to MAS when he started the business. He claimed that MAS did not, I quote, "make any real comments" to him because it "lacked legislation to instruct the process". Young digital firms have shown that they can bring excitement to Singaporeans but also headaches for regulators, as we have seen with the likes of Grab. Taking a proactive approach, especially where Singaporeans' nest-eggs are concerned, may be worthwhile. As such, clarifications on the legality of blockchain-based property dealers would provide very useful guidance for Singaporeans navigating these digital frontiers. Secondly, and on the other hand, I would like to clarify how the Government plans to overcome any possible scepticism towards the use of electronic records in property transactions. A commentary written by Lee Liat Yang, senior partner of Dentons Rodyk, suggested that while electronic contracts might become the norm in lower-value rental contracts, people may still shy away from them when buying and selling property over safety concerns.”
“Sir, I stand in support of this Bill. Last year, stamp duty comprised some 7% of all taxes collected. In a time of rising social and healthcare spending, it is important that we secure this revenue base. At the same time, we should also always aspire towards providing more options and greater clarity to liable taxpayers. I am confident that this Bill will help the Government achieve these goals. The Bill provides for the Stamp Duties Act to be applied to electronic records and details specific rules for its application. This is a significant step towards a regulatory framework built around a digitised economy. The digital world moves quickly, and that creates both opportunity and confusion for Singaporeans. Sir, I have two points of clarification. The first point centres on blockchain. Can the Minister clarify the Government’s regulatory stance towards “proptech” startups that use blockchain to decentralise the electronic records of property transactions? Can the Minister also share what efforts it has made or will make to educate Singaporeans about the legality of these services? Over the past few years, Singapore has seen the rise of the financial technology (fintech) industry. What has gone less noticed is the rise of a property tech (proptech) industry. A 2017 media article profiled several Singapore-based proptech firms, each vowing to transform Singapore's real estate sector with new technology. Several claim to use blockchain, a technology that decentralises control and ownership. One of the startups, Averspace, has an app that connects renters and leasers. Its app offers templates for rental contracts that are signed online and stored using blockchain.”
“Can the Minister clarify the rationale for removing this requirement? Has this requirement been proven to be too onerous for LTA? Given the new registration requirement for PMDs, it would surely be easier to locate the owner for this class of mobility vehicles. Also, the reasonable inquiry requirement might have provided a counterbalance to the expansion of the power of disposal now conferred on outsourced enforcement officers under the new section 50 of AMA. Lastly, clause 3 amends section 18 of AMA, which includes the use of PMDs on footpaths. I support these amendments. Last year, Minister Khaw Boon Wan responded to a PQ stating that footpaths in Singapore are wide enough to accommodate both pedestrians and cyclists at the same time. He stated that most of the country's footpaths are at least 1.5 metres wide, while footpaths near town centres and MRT stations are generally wider, between 2.4 metres and 3.6 metres. In his response, Minister Khaw considered that such width is sufficient to accommodate both pedestrians and cyclists. Given that mobility devices are now permitted up to a width of 0.7 metres, this leaves barely enough space when two mobility devices pass each other on a footpath that is 1.5 metre wide. It needs about another 0.1 metre. Thus, beyond these amendments, is the Ministry reviewing the minimum width of existing and new footpaths? Further, can the Minister provide an update on any works it has undertaken to widen footpaths that might be too narrow to safely accommodate both pedestrians and mobility vehicles? Sir, clarifications notwithstanding, I stand in support of this Bill and the wider efforts to promote harmonious and safe use of our public paths by all.”
“I am thus supportive of these amendments, which are based on extensive consultations, and I have just a number of clarifications to make. I have some clarifications on the scope and implementation of the PMD registration requirement under the new Part 3A. Firstly, can the Minister clarify whether the provisions relating to registration contemplate a corporate body or company being an owner of a PMD on the register? Would it be possible, for instance, for a food delivery company to own a fleet of PMDs? Next, can the Minister clarify whether there is an obligation on the registered responsible person to update the register upon a change of ownership or when the PMD ceases to be used? Further, can the authority refuse registration of a PMD on the basis that the applicant had previously been convicted of mobility vehicle-related offences? I also understand that the obligations of an owner of a PMD or PAB continue even after cancelling their registration, as the person last registered will be treated as the owner under the definition of "owner" if the registration has been cancelled. How can owners safeguard themselves against continuing liability for offences relating to a PMD or PAB, even after cancelling their registration? Next, enforcement powers under sections 41, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48 and 50 have been extended to outsourced enforcement officers. Can the Minister clarify whether enforcement powers exercised by these outsourced enforcement officers, public path wardens and volunteer path wardens are public powers that would be similarly amenable to judicial review? Next, clause 27 amends the current section 53(2) of AMA to remove the requirement to make reasonable inquiry to locate the owner of a vehicle before disposing it.”
“Sir, I rise in support of this Bill which updates the regime governing mobility vehicles and introduces a new registration requirement for certain PMDs. Mobility vehicles are sustainable alternatives that have evolved to meet the transport needs of an urban environment. When used responsibly and safely, they provide greater convenience, promote public transportation by providing first- and last-mile connections, and are themselves a form of recreation. How the different users navigate and share public spaces in land-scarce Singapore can be a significant source of friction. Mobility vehicles are perceived as competing with pedestrians for space and posing threats to pedestrian safety. My residents regularly provide feedback about these dangers and want the Government to do more to protect residents and pedestrians. My residents also regularly see me when they get fined and say the Government is enforcing too much and needs to relax a bit when it comes to mobility vehicles. They feel there are too many restrictions. We need to find a middle ground. As Gavin Chan highlighted to me on Facebook, we should think about longer-term social norms we want to inculcate for public path and road use, whilst addressing short-term pain points through legislative reforms and refinements. This should be done with the participation of all users. To this end, I note and welcome the incremental, consultative and education-based approach the Government is taking in its regulation of mobility devices. Many of these amendments are based on observations from the implementation of AMA, which came into effect this year. The AMA Panel has also been very active, just recently releasing their second recommendation report.”
“The clause also states that the Director must not detain a transport vehicle under this section for longer than is necessary and reasonable to exercise any other powers under this Bill. Can I clarify if there is a maximum duration for such detainment? Lastly, I would like to clarify a point with regard to the general exemptions of the Bill, under clause 47. The clause states that the Minister may, by order in the Gazette, exempt any person or class of persons or any transport vehicle or class of transport vehicles from all or any provisions of this Bill. Can the Minister clarify if there are certain classes of transport vehicles that are currently in contemplation for exemption? Are there specific circumstances which would govern an exemption that can be made known in this Bill? Sir, notwithstanding the above clarifications, I stand in support of this Bill.”
“Sir, I stand in support of the Bill. The work of TSIB is notable for its independence and objectivity, and its focus on preventing future accidents and incidents rather than apportioning blame. These characteristics allow it to carry out its existing functions effectively through the Air Accident Investigation Bureau (AAIB) and the Marine Safety Investigation Branch (MSIB). As such, it would be beneficial for the TSIB's investigative powers to be extended to two other modes of transport, rail and LTA-contracted buses, as proposed in this Bill. This will allow a greater proportion of transport users to benefit from the robust work of TSIB. I would like to raise a few short clarifications with regard to the Bill. First, I would like to clarify a point with regard to the recovery of costs and expenses of the investigation, under clause 18 of the Bill. The clause states, "the Director of the Transport Safety Investigation Bureau may recover from the owner or operator of a transport vehicle or both, a reasonable part of the remuneration of an investigator; and all expenses reasonably incurred by an investigator in the exercise of any powers." Can I clarify with the Minister under what circumstances would these costs be borne by TSIB, and under what circumstances would it be borne by transport owners or operators? Second, I would like to clarify a point with regard to the powers to detain vehicles under clause 30 of the Bill. The clause states that the director of TSIB has the power to detain a transport vehicle on reasonable grounds, which includes the powers to stop, move and take control of the vehicle.”
“Given the lack of clarity on the characterisation and registration requirements of liens on sub-freights prior to the Courts' decisions and this amendment, shipping companies and creditors would understandably have acted according to what is most commercially expedient. In practice, registration of liens on sub-freights is not commonplace, especially for shorter charters. The new section 131(3AC) provides for a period of transition by clarifying that the consequences of non-registration should only apply prior to the amendments commencing where there is a liquidator or creditor. Until the new amendments take effect, under section 132(1) of the Companies Act, the lienor or company and every officer of the company is guilty of an offence and liable to a fine for not registering such a lien. Can the Minister clarify whether these penal consequences will be applied against shipping companies and their officers? Clarifications notwithstanding, I stand in support of this Bill, which provides much needed clarity on this area of law and is in line with commercial practice.”
“Sir, I rise in support of this Bill. This is a swift legislative response to the Court of Appeal's proposal in the case of Diablo Fortune Inc vs Duncan, Cameron Lindsay, as the Minister has pointed out, to carve out liens on sub-freights from the registration requirement under section 131(1) of the Companies Act. As the law currently stands, given the Court of Appeal and High Court decisions that characterise a lien on sub-freight as a floating charge and a charge on the company's book debts, a shipowner must register its lien as a charge under the Companies Act, failing which, this lien will not be valid against other creditors. However, this requirement is viewed by the industry as onerous and commercially inconvenient for charterparties that are usually of relatively short durations. This reform would resolve the dilemma shipowners face between expediency and protection of their right to exercise the lien. The proposed statutory carve out differs from the Hong Kong approach, which the Minister has also mentioned, which provides under section 334(4) of its Companies Ordinance that a lien on sub-freights is not a charge on book debts of the company or a floating charge for the purposes of registration. Given that the outcome on the registration requirements is, in effect, the same, can the Minister clarify if there are any other practical implications that are intended in affirming the Singapore Courts' characterisation of a lien on sub-freight as a charge on book debts of the company or a floating charge?”
“I thank the Senior Minister of State for the reply. May I just confirm MEWR is going to review this plastic bag charge or is this a "case closed"?”
“I thank the Senior Minister of State for the reply and I am glad that mandatory reporting is going to be brought forward. Can I ask whether we will consider providing some incentives to these businesses or companies that are promoting environmentally friendly practices, such as the companies that are not giving out straws and plastic lids or even the packaging-free companies that the Senior Minister of State had mentioned? The second is on the plastic bag charge. I have brought this up previously. I know that, on the ground, one of the concerns is how do we reuse plastic bags when they were used to contain frozen food or meat and seafood. So, can the Ministry of the Environment and Water Resources (MEWR) consider a selective plastic bag charge so that if you are using it not for frozen food, meat or seafood, then there will be a charge involved?”
“Sir, just one more question. I understand that the reply is that five in 10 of these salary reductions occurred within one year from the Work Permit issue date. But could I also check whether we have data on how many of the salary reductions occurred before the Work Permit issue date, which means that the foreign workers were promised a salary, but when they arrived in Singapore, the salary was immediately reduced? Does this conduct constitute providing false information to MOM during the Work Permit application stage?”
“I thank the Minister of State for the reply. Could I just check further whether 2% is about 14,000 workers every year? It is quite a huge number. So, I want to check whether MOM obtains this copy of the written consent to show that the worker accepts the salary reduction, or do we only verify that this written consent exists when a dispute occurs, during the dispute resolution stage. Second, could I also ask, with the upcoming consultation, whether MOM would also be consulting with non-government organisations (NGOs) that are working on this issue as well?”
“In an interview on incentives in education, American psychologist Barry Schwartz said, "If you start giving teachers bonuses if their students exceed some scores on these standardised tests, teachers will find a way to teach to the test. Test scores will go up, but education will not." Teachers join teaching to make a difference to the lives of our youths. Yet, the reality of the pressure from competition created by our own performance-based ranking and reward system can skew teachers’ choices. We want teachers who teach for the love of teaching, not teachers who teach for tests. Perhaps, there should also be a de-emphasis of ranking and rewarding of teachers based on ranking. Ranking teachers pits them against each other and may incentivise some teachers to do what is visible or measurable, like teach to teach, to the test. Educators are pitted against each other, which could also reduce the incentive for some to share resources and ideas, or to work together. Sir, an education for our future cannot just be about academic pursuits, about grades and about students who suffer from high levels of anxiety. And this, definitely, cannot be the case for our preschool children. In the words of Fred Rogers, "Play is often talked about as if it were a serious relief from serious learning. But, for children, play is serious learning. Play is really the work of childhood." Sir, I support the Motion. 3.09 pm”
“A survey by Chapter Zero, a social enterprise working with parents, caregivers and educators in Singapore, showed that the top two qualities parents hoped to see for their child were "healthy relationships with others" and "strong emotional health". Approximately half the parents interviewed were concerned that the educational system did not support students to develop these qualities. Seventy percent of the parents raised the need for more emphasis on social-emotional learning in preschools and primary schools, particularly on mindfulness, empathy and conflict management. While there are existing frameworks on Southampton Emotional Literacy Scales (SELS), some surveys show that more can be done, and should be done, to meet the emotional needs of students. Studies have shown that there is correlation between the level of pro-social behaviour that a student showed in kindergarten and their education and job prospects, criminal activity, likelihood of substance abuse and mental health in adulthood. Other studies likewise indicate that feeling socially connected as a child is more strongly associated with happiness in adulthood than academic achievement is. Lastly, I propose a need to review the performance-based ranking for teachers. MOE's Enhanced Performance Management System (EPMS) was instituted in 2005 and reviewed in 2014. It provides a competency-based performance management system which serves to appraise teachers' efforts for the year. The EPMS Teaching Competency Model, among other indicators, assesses a teacher's ability to "cultivate knowledge".”
“From what I have seen and what other parents have shared online and with me, play is not a strong focus in some of the ECDCs. We also need to look into how we can provide our early childhood educators with enough time and flexibility to allow for creative exploration and play. Third, we need to put care even more at the forefront to cater to the individual needs of each child. The need for young children to form responsive relationships cannot be overstated. Our policies and early learning framework should support the ability of educators and caregivers to be sensitive and responsive to a young children’s needs. To support caregivers and educators, it is vital that student-to-teacher ratio remains small so that each child receives the attention he or she needs. To prevent disruptive relationships between caregivers and children in their care, it is also important to reduce the rate of turnover in these positions. Attractive salaries, incentives and supervision should be put in place for educators of young children. When children feel cared for in a stable and supportive relationship, stress naturally goes away and learning takes care of itself. In fact, shifting our priority to care over academic outcomes is key in helping children thrive and reach their full potential. Fourth, the future of our education requires us to cater to the emotional health of students more comprehensively. I am heartened to see that schools remain vigilant in preventing further suicides in children. However, that is not adequate. We want children to thrive, not simply survive.”
“There are many factors involved here but as around two-thirds of the early childhood education industry will be controlled by the Government by 2023 and with the establishment of the National Institute of Early Childhood Development, the Government can play an important role here. First, we can strengthen and lead the move to de-emphasise academic content for early childhood education. The present emphasis on academics means that children play less and they are also outdoors less. Studies again in this area show that a lack of play will increase the odds of depression, anxiety and other disorders. We also need to help shift the current tuition mindset for preschool children. As Dr Nirmala Karuppiah, an early childhood and special education lecturer at the National Institute of Education, stated in a news article, "As tuition is about sitting at a table doing pencil and paper activities as well as rote learning and acquiring academic skills, it could actually cause more harm than good for some children. For example, it goes against the way young children grow, develop and learn, which is through play and interacting with real objects, people and events in their environment." Following on this point is, second, we need to promote more play and exploration in preschools and also lower primary schools. In the early years, children learn mainly through active exploration of the environment. In the words of Albert Einstein, "Play is the highest form of research." In fact, our current "Nurturing Early Learners" curriculum already recognises that children are naturally curious and does outline a framework that encourages learning through play. However, I am not sure whether this is followed by all ECDCs.”
“In a post by ex-MOE policy officer, Yann Wong, in June this year, he also mentioned about how performance anxiety, shame and a need for validation through grades are problems that plague our students and our education system. Sir, I sincerely hope that this stress, this anxiety, do not start when our children are three years old, in nursery. The early childhood years should really be about play. As O Fred Donaldson had said, “Children learn as they play. Most importantly, in play, children learn how to learn.” The early years are the most formative in a child’s development, character and future. Scientific research tells us that children have objective developmental stages. Below the age of seven, especially, they need large amounts of time for free play. This develops personal and social awareness, gross and fine motor skills, and a foundation for learning. It is more important to directly encounter the things in the world that words and numbers describe, than to recite those words and numbers in an academic way. Earlier is not better when it comes to academic learning as well. A New Zealand study looked at children who read at five versus those who read at seven. They had no difference in reading outcomes at age 15. In the German system, young children focus on social and personal awareness, only learning to read and write at age seven. This nation is also a major engineering and economic powerhouse of the world. An education for our future needs to look at solutions that are both holistic and inclusive for our children, parents and educators. One way to do this is to shift early education away from a linear academic emphasis, to a more rounded emphasis focusing on holistic growth.”
“Sir, every school is a good school. This is a phrase we are very familiar with by now. Perhaps soon, we will also have to say, "every early childhood development centre (ECDC) is a good early childhood development centre". Parents are now not just worried about which primary school their child goes to but also which ECDC their child goes to. The rat race has now begun way before our primary schools. We now have kindergarten assessment books, tuition for preschool children and even homework for our nursery kids. I have to be honest to say that this worries me. My wife and I found ourselves in this rat race as we searched for an ECDC to send our daughter Ella to. The reality is that there is a wide variety of ECDCs. We tried a few, visiting them, letting Ella try it out for a day to see if she liked it and I joined her during these trials. I sat there in some of the ECDCs and I saw first-hand how much things have changed. As Mdm Siti Zubaidah said in a news article, "In the past, it was all play and just learning the ABCs in kindergarten. But now, by K1, you need to learn how to count and read, to be on a par with everyone else”. And Mdm Siti is not alone. A survey found that four in 10 families in Singapore now send their preschool children to tuition. The most common reason for tuition, cited by more than half of the parents with children under seven, was to keep up with others. Sir, there is much debate about how stressed our students are and how they suffer from high levels of anxiety. According to a survey, 66% of students across all OECD countries said they were worried about poor grades at school, but among Singapore students, it was 86%.”
“May I check on the penalties if the developer does not implement some of the proposed mitigation measures?”
“I thank the Senior Parliamentary Secretary for the reply. Can I check whether an eco-link was part of the proposed mitigation measures for this Mandai development and, if so, why was it not done? Secondly, what oversight does MND have over this construction that is going on in the Mandai area in terms of checking whether these proposed mitigation measures are done? And third, are there any penalties imposed on the developer if the proposed mitigation measures are not carried out?”
“One last clarification or suggestion. Can I suggest that, at least, we waive this ex-spousal consent for children to be listed as occupiers, if the other party has moved on? Following the divorce, they now own a private property or they own a subsidised housing, which means that they have re-married. Can the ex-spousal consent then be waived for the other party? I know of cases where both refused to sign and both ended up renting homes, because that is the whole reason why they divorced in the first place, they could not agree on things. So, can we at least waive ex-spousal consent for these cases?”
“I thank the Senior Parliamentary Secretary for the reply. I have two clarifications. I understand that the shared care and control is actually a Court ruling so that the children following a divorce will be able to live with both parties. But then, our housing policies now penalise them for having this shared care and control, instead of sole care and control. I am wondering if MND can work with the Courts so that we can align our policies so that the judgment that is obtained can actually be enforced and be feasible. The second clarification is, HDB had initially said that they have removed the time bar as they realised that it caused friction between both parties because they cannot decide on who will get the subsidised housing. They also said they had removed the time bar in the best interest of the children involved in the divorce. But now that we are back to the ex-spousal consent on who can list the children as occupiers, are we not back to square one again? And would the Senior Parliamentary Secretary agree that this would again lead to friction between both parties, because they now have to again decide on who will get the subsidised housing?”
“A successful defendant may be deprived of a portion of costs they would otherwise have been awarded if found to have unreasonably refused to engage in mediation. Would the refusal to participate in mediation or clear bad faith participation in mediation be a ground for or be taken into consideration when ordering costs? Can the Senior Minister of State also clarify what sums a party might be ordered to pay as costs? Given the limits on the sums that can be claimed at the Tribunal, would it be appropriate to limit the amount of costs that can be ordered against a claimant at the Tribunal? Next, in a written response to a 2017 Parliamentary Question, Minister Shanmugam estimated the total cost of enforcing a money order of the Tribunal can be between $400 and $600. This is about a quarter of the claim limit of $2,000 before the Tribunal. For the average claimant, enforcement of a money order does not seem cost-efficient. Therefore, are there plans to relook the costs involved in enforcing a Tribunal money order to make it more cost-efficient for the average Tribunal claimant? Given the efforts to align the Small Claims regime with the Employment Claims regime, would the Ministry also consider carving out separate enforcement processes for low-value claims? Sir, notwithstanding the above clarifications, I stand in support of this Bill.”
“Sir, I welcome this update to the Tribunals which provides a time and cost-efficient dispute resolution channel for many. In particular, I welcome the move to carve out greater space for mediation for the resolution of small claims. This recognises the value of collaborative conflict resolution that preserves relationships even where the claim amounts are relatively low. I have three points for clarification. As mentioned, I am very supportive of the Registrar now having the power to refer a claim for mediation under section 18A. There is a presumption of alternative dispute resolution for all civil cases under the State Court Practice Directions. The Court will automatically refer all cases to the most appropriate mode of alternative dispute resolution, including mediation, unless parties opt out. Will there be a similarly strong effort to channel most Tribunal claims to mediation first? For claimants in civil cases, solicitors are required by the Legal Profession Professional Conduct Rules to evaluate the use of alternative dispute resolution (ADR) processes in an appropriate case. Further, claimants are required to fill in an ADR form which provides them with information on ADR processes to guide their decisions. Given that Tribunal claimants will be acting in person, often without the benefit of legal advice, will similar information be provided to Tribunal claimants? Next, a Registrar now has the power to order a party to pay costs under section 35(1)(a). Can the Senior Minister of State clarify the situations under which a party may be ordered to pay costs? Under Order 59 Rule 5(c) of the Rules of Court, the Court may take into account parties’ conduct in resolving the matter by mediation in ordering adverse costs.”
“" Unlike physical copies where there is a limited number of books deposited in libraries, such an amendment will technically allow the Board to make unlimited digital copies of the publisher's work. I also understand that within the Bill, amendments are made to the Copyright Act. Under section 113 of the Copyright Act, cinematographic film and sound recordings are now included as online material that will be collected by NLB. These materials will also be made available within the premises of the library. Can the Minister clarify how the interests of publishers will be guaranteed to ensure that the sales of their hard work are not affected by the digital access provided by NLB? Is there a grace period after publication before content will be made available in the libraries? Next, web archiving is a practice observed in other countries, such as the British library, as the Minister mentioned, and the National Library of South Korea. Both the British and Korean libraries also have their web archives made available for public access. In the same vein, will all our web archives, without exclusions or exemptions, be made available for public access on NLB’s Web Archive Singapore portal or on other platforms? Web content that is available today may not be as easily located or may even be taken off decades later. With a proper database of Singapore-specific websites and content, it will be easier for academics, researchers and businesses to conduct research on Singapore. Prof Ang Peng Hwa from the Wee Kim Wee School, also suggested to have indices and abstracts of archives made available online for citizens and researchers to have greater access. Will the Ministry consider this? Sir, notwithstanding the above clarifications, I stand in support of this Bill.”
“Sir, I stand in support of this Bill. The library is a common ground where diverse groups of people come together, be it young children eagerly browsing picture books at the children's corner, or students in reading rooms preparing for their examinations, or the elderly engrossed in their daily newspapers – the library is an identifiable icon in our cities and in our hearts. At the same time, as Singapore progresses to a Smart Nation, so must our libraries. I commend the efforts by NLB to upgrade our libraries to adopt the technologies of audio-visuals while preserving print books. I was delighted to see how Yishun library was transformed after its renovations earlier this year, to include digital learning zones, quick response (QR) code borrowing systems and more. The proposed amendments to the NLB Act are a step forward to preserve and eternalise Singapore’s digital heritage, by collecting electronic publications through legal deposits, and by preserving Singapore domain websites through web archiving. Sir, I stand in support of the Bill, but I would also like to raise a few clarifications. Firstly, I would like to clarify what implications these amendments will have on publishers and their interests. Part of the amendment mandates publishers to deposit one copy of any electronic publication within four weeks of publication, on top of existing requirements to deposit two physical copies. Also, under section 7(2)(f) of the Bill, it is stated that NLB is allowed "to make copies of any online material made available on a Singapore website, at the times and in the manner the Board considers appropriate.”
“Further, can the Minister clarify why ex officio actions are not provided for the imports and exports of registered designs? Next, there is a minor inconsistency between the definition of “counterfeit trademark goods” under EUSFTA and the Bill. Under the EUSFTA Article 10.48(b), it is defined as goods bearing a trademark that is identical or “which cannot be distinguished in its essential aspects”. In contrast, it is defined under section 3(5) and (6) of the Trade Marks Act as a good that has a sign that is identical or is so identical “as to be calculated to deceive”. This requirement of an intention to deceive is noticeably lacking from the EUSFTA’s definition, which, therefore, appears to be slightly broader than that under the Trade Marks Act. Can the Senior Minister of State clarify the rationale for deviating from the EUSFTA definition of counterfeit trademark goods? Sir, notwithstanding these clarifications, I stand in support of this Bill.”
“In the meantime, what remedy does the importer or exporter have? Even if the goods are released to the original owner, pending the decision of the infringement suit, does this confer an automatic injunction on the original owner to sell the goods within Singapore? If yes, does this injunction extend to being prohibited from further exporting the returned goods to another country and selling them there? This could cause potential losses to the importer or exporter that may not be sufficiently remedied through the provision of security or damages. One recommendation suggested by IPSA would be to have a review process called an “Indication” where a committee or the Intellectual Property Office of Singapore (IPOS) tribunal has an expedited process for evaluating if the goods are, indeed, infringing. They can issue an “Indication” which operates as a non-binding preliminary opinion on the matter. This can inform the objector or IPR holder and the alleged infringer on how they should choose to resolve the matter. Has the Ministry looked into setting up a similar review process? I also have a number of clarifications to make on the implementation of Singapore's EUSFTA obligations. These were similarly highlighted to me by IPSA. First, Article 10.50 of EUSFTA requires customs authorities to adopt a range of approaches to “facilitate the effective enforcement of IP rights”. Under EUSFTA, this includes patents. Given that one of the purposes of the Bill is to “standardise the terms and provisions relating to border enforcement across the IP Acts”, why are patents not afforded the same enforcement processes as copyrights, geographical indications, trademarks and registered designs?”
“Would this lead to indiscriminate seizure of information or documents? Also, how long would these information or documents be retained for? Would the retention period be subject to the limitation period of potential claims? When the information or documents are obtained, would the person be informed of the possibility that their information would be provided to the copyright holder for the purposes of instituting private proceedings? Next, I understand that the amendments also allow the Director-General to provide a person information for instituting an infringement action. The language of the provision which allows the provision of information relating to “any person connected” with the import or export of the seized goods is very broad. What are the categories of connected persons intended to be covered by this provision? Is there a limit again to the period that a person may request for the information to institute an infringement action? Would the person whose information is being provided be informed of the fact that the information has been shared? The IP Students’ Association (IPSA), comprising law students in both the National University of Singapore and Singapore Management University, raised a number of concerns on the retention of allegedly infringing goods after their seizure and detention. Currently, the Copyright and Trade Mark Acts simply states that the Director-General will specify a retention period for the goods, after which, it will be returned to the owner unless the objector files an infringement suit. Can the Senior Minister of State clarify the retention period for alleged infringing goods if an infringement suit is started? Will they only be released after the decision of the infringement suit is out?”
“Sir, I welcome this move to standardise border enforcement provisions across our IP Acts. These provisions allow information and documents possessed by the Government to be shared, upon request, for private purposes, such as research, or to institute infringement proceedings. I would like to raise questions and comments on amendments relating to requests for information, retention of allegedly infringing goods and implementation of Singapore's EUSFTA obligations. Amendments to the four IP Acts provide authorised officers or senior authorised officers the power to require a person to provide information or documents for three purposes. One, to satisfy a request for information; two, to enable actions to be taken relating to future shipments of goods; and three, for statistical or research purposes. I would like to ask, at the point of request, will the person whose information or document is being requested, be informed about the basis for this request? Furthermore, will the period which the information or document be retained be limited to the purpose for which it has been requested? As for amendments allowing officers the power to require a person to provide information or documents for a statistical or research purpose, can the Senior Minister of State clarify whose statistical or research purposes these provisions refer to? What safeguards are there to ensure that the information and documents will be kept confidential during the research process? In addition, amendments to the four IP Acts provide officers powers to require a person to provide information or documents to fulfil future requests for the information to institute infringement actions. How would the officer determine what information or documents might be required for the hypothetical proceedings?”
“I understand that Social Services Offices and other community partners can call MSF to report cases of vulnerable adult abuse, but vulnerable adults who are not in contact with community partners may fall through the cracks. Would the Minister consider setting up a public hotline under the Adult Protective Services for reporting vulnerable adult abuse, as has been done with the MSF Child Protective Services Helpline? Further, can the Minister clarify the ways in which the Adult Protective Services are similar or different from the Child Protective Services? Will every case of vulnerable adult abuse be reported to the Police? There is an existing mechanism under section 8 of the Mental Health (Care and Treatment) Act that allows a Magistrate to investigate a report from any person or Police Officer that a mentally disordered person is not under proper care and control or is ill-treated or neglected. Can the Minister clarify how this provision will operate in relation to the Bill? Lastly, can the Minister also share the plans for ensuring successful reintegration and adequate care of vulnerable adults when they are returned to their homes from place of temporary care and protection? Sir, clarifications and suggestions for Ministry's consideration notwithstanding, I stand in support the Bill.”
“Will the Minister consider extending the ambit of the Bill to protection against financial abuse in the future? What are the current legal protections available to vulnerable adults subject to financial abuse? Next, the Director and protectors have extensive discretion and powers under the Bill. Caregivers may legitimately worry about disruption and interference in their lives, such as the possibility of entry into their homes and premises. Excessive intervention may also further strain relationships between elderly parents and their children. These extensive state powers must thus be exercised with great restraint and proportionality. Can the Minister clarify what mechanisms exist for review and oversight of the powers granted to the Directors and protectors? Would the Minister consider instituting a formal approval or reporting process for the most intrusive powers exercised by the Directors and protectors? This would include the powers to remove an individual for assessment without consent, to enter premises, to remove a vulnerable adult from their place of residence and to require medical treatment. Can the Minister also clarify the instances where the Director or protector need not seek a donee or deputy's consent before assessing or removing a vulnerable adult under section 6(2) and section 10(2)? Given that cases of abuse, neglect or self-neglect often occur outside the public eye, effectiveness of the Bill, as the Minister has mentioned, is contingent on detection and reporting of such cases. Will training be provided to frontline staff to sensitise them to indicators of abuse, neglect or self-neglect?”
“Instead, "physical abuse" is defined to include coercion or attempts at coercing an individual to engage in sexual activity. This definition of sexual abuse as being a subset of physical abuse is too narrow because not all sexual harassment is physical. For instance, vulnerable adults may be subject to verbal sexual harassment not amounting to coercion in engaging sexual activities. Can the Minister clarify the rationale for subsuming sexual abuse under physical abuse, and also clarify how verbal sexual harassment will be dealt with under the Bill? Further, would the Minister consider introducing or including sexual abuse as an independent head of abuse? Similarly, the definition of "abuse" under section 2(1) does not include financial abuse. There is also a lack of provisions in the Bill that address financial abuse of vulnerable adults. Financial abuse, such as financial exploitation, is a significant problem faced by vulnerable adults and is a form of elder abuse recognised by MSF. A 2014 survey conducted by Trans Family found that 29% of elderly mistreatment in Singapore involves financial exploitation. There appears to be a gap in the current legal framework for addressing financial abuse and exploitation of vulnerable adults. For instance, finance-related offences under the Penal Code, such as theft, extortion and cheating, may not be sufficiently nuanced to address financial exploitation in the context of an existing relationship of trust or dependency. Protection orders under the Women's Charter does not extend to financial abuse. The definition of ill-treatment under the Mental Capacity Act, which protects mentally incapacitated elders from ill-treatment by their caregiver or donee or deputy does not include financial abuse.”
“Sir, the Vulnerable Adults Bill has been a long time in the making, with the public consultation on a draft Bill having been conducted nearly two years ago. The Bill is a welcomed piece of legislation to protect some of the most vulnerable in society but also raises difficult questions of the role the state should play in intervening in the most intimate of relationships, and in interfering with decisions and preferences of an adult on matters of their own care. The long period of gestation for the Bill reflects the delicate process of balancing protection and respect for individual autonomy and freedom. I stand in support of the Bill and the principles set out under section 4, which articulates the restraint and proportionality that should guide the exercise of the extensive powers under this Bill. I have a few points of clarification on the scope of protection offered by the Bill, the mechanisms for checks on the exercise of powers, and measures for protecting vulnerable adults beyond those set out under the Bill. My first point really is what I started this speech with. Why did it take so long to introduce this Bill? What were the various considerations or challenges MSF faced in introducing this important Bill? Next, under the Bill, a vulnerable adult is defined as an individual who is 18 or older. Can the Minister clarify the rationale for setting 18 years old as the lower age limit for a vulnerable adult? The Children and Young Persons Act protects individuals who are under 16. What are the forms of equivalent legal protection and recourse available to those who are between 16 and 18? Next, sexual abuse is not listed as a type of abuse under section 2(1).”
“I thank the Senior Parliamentary Secretary for the reply. But the concern really is that they are saying they do not have enough time and resources. So, I am just wondering whether on the Ministry of Home Affairs' side we can pump in more resources so that the RT officers can have time to modify programmes for the intellectually disabled.”
“I thank the Senior Parliamentary Secretary for the reply. Can I just check the timeline for the review? And two, I understand that, currently, programmes under the Reformative Training (RT) regimes have already been modified for the intellectually disabled inmates. But I think the limiting factor is the prison officer's time as well as resource constraint. So, while we are undergoing this review, will the Singapore Prison Service consider providing more resources to the RT officers so that they can modify these programmes for the inmates who are currently in there with intellectual disability?”
“I thank the Minister for the reply. I do agree that perhaps the tax regimes for taxi drivers and part-time private hire drivers should be different. But I think for full-time private hire drivers, it should be the same and I am just wondering whether the Minister would consider establishing, say, a minimum mileage clock, after which then the private hire driver is considered full-time and can then enjoy the same tax regime as a taxi driver.”
“Some EIPIC centres have also structured the work week such that teachers have a one-day reprieve from direct intervention, to work on back-room administrative tasks, such as programme planning. To complement these targeted efforts, NCSS has also been working with VWOs to improve their human resource management capabilities to ensure that all our professionals are well-deployed and cared for, as they give their best to help those in need.”
“Promising social workers and Early Intervention (EI) teachers taking up managerial and leadership positions can also apply for the Professional Development and Management Programme and the Leadership Development Programme which fund leadership, management and other skills-based training. Second, we also help professionals learn from one another’s experiences and expertise through practice networks. The National Council of Social Service (NCSS) organises annual sessions for social workers and psychologists in SPED schools to share resources and best practices. SPED schools have also put in place Professional Learning Teams (PLTs) where teachers and other professionals can discuss how to improve teaching practices. Third, we have put in place measures to help social service professionals cope with the challenges of their jobs. Aside from self-care courses run by the SSI, NCSS also introduced the Sabbatical Leave Scheme in 2008 to help reduce burnout in professionals. Through this scheme, social service professionals nominated by their organisations receive funding from NCSS that provides them with 10 weeks of paid leave to recharge and refresh themselves, as well as sponsorship for professional development courses. To date, about 170 professionals have benefited from this scheme. Mentoring and on-the-job coaching by senior practitioners also help to alleviate burnout by equipping younger teachers and social workers with skills and strategies to build up their confidence and resilience. For example, SPED schools have mentoring and coaching programmes for teachers and ensure that teachers have access to counselling services and enjoy protected time during school holidays.”
“Question No 2, Sir. The Senior Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister for Social and Family Development (Assoc Prof Dr Muhammad Faishal Ibrahim) (for the Minister for Social and Family Development): There are about 1,900 professionals working in the Early Intervention Programme for Infants and Children (EIPIC) and in Special Education (SPED) schools today. These include teachers, social workers, psychologists and therapists. These professionals play a key role in the development of special needs children, and we support them in several ways. Professionals working in the special needs sector must hold the relevant degrees or diplomas in their fields of practice. To complement this, the Social Service Institute (SSI) and the National Institute of Education (NIE) provide professionals in the disability sector with continuing education and training (CET) programmes. These range from broad-based courses to targeted ones focusing on the skills and knowledge required to work with special needs clients. For example, teachers working with children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) can take up targeted courses that build specialised knowledge in autism. There are also courses that equip professionals with skills to cope with the demands of their work, such as mindfulness and self-care practices. These courses are subsidised by the Government, through grants, such as the Local Training Grant from the voluntary welfare organisations (VWOs)-Charities Fund. To further upgrade themselves, in-service professionals can also apply for professional development sponsorships, such as the Ministry of Education (MOE) Scholarship for SPED teachers and SkillsFuture Study Awards.”
“Sir, recently, I was at an informal dialogue session between public servants and civil society activists. It was a beautiful session to say the least. Both sides gained a better understanding of each other's concerns, challenges and constraints. Most of all, both sides realised that we are all on the same side, on the same boat. Sir, a stronger civil society will mean a stronger Singapore and a stronger spirit of giving. Ultimately, we can fire up and mobilise the spirit and energy of Singaporeans if we engage more, consider more alternative points of views, empower more, inspire more and ensure people have time to give back when they are mobilised. Sir, there truly is beauty in giving more than receiving and this strong culture of giving is very much needed. Let me end with a quote, as always. Nelson Mandela said, "There can be no greater gift than that of giving one’s time and energy to help others without expecting anything in return". I was going to end with that quote but then I realise that, actually, while we do not expect anything in return, sometimes we do stumble upon something valuable. Sometimes, we find true love. And this was the case for Joseph and Jing Yu. Jing Yu was volunteering at ACRES in 2012 when she met Joseph who was working at ACRES. They both gave their heart and soul towards helping animals and they also gave their hearts to each other. They got married two Saturdays ago. And, so, for all the singles out there, start volunteering and you might find your true love. Better still, ACRES has quite a good track record, so volunteer with ACRES and you will find your true love while helping to strengthen this spirit of giving. Sir, I support the Motion of thanks to the President. 4.52 pm”
“As Prof Tommy Koh stated, "When we appoint people to boards, we can also appoint challengers who are subversive and who have alternative points of view. That's the kind of cultural change we want to see. It makes Singapore stronger, not weaker". I do not believe that we hold the key to the best ideas. Rather, the best ideas are out there. I hope that we can build more regular channels for dialogue between the Government and civil society. Already, there have been many instances of fruitful dialogues. One example is the roundtable discussions that MEWR conducted to engage green groups to galvanise action and efforts for the Year of Climate Action. Participants shared with me that they came out of the session with greater optimism and a better understanding of the Government's efforts to tackle climate change. Another recent instance was IMDA's consultations with filmmakers on amendments to the Films Act. IMDA had extended the consultation period upon request and had taken on board the suggestions by filmmakers in the final wording of the Bill. Jasmine Ng, one of the filmmakers I worked with, commented in a Facebook post that she "really does appreciate that this engagement with IMDA and with you and the other MPs has been authentic". I was particularly struck by her comment that, "we felt that we were heard and understood, even though we may variously disagree on some points". Indeed, even where there is disagreement over the outcome, there is greater acceptance of the end result when civil society understands the reasons for the Government's actions and policies. As such, I hope that the Ministries consider making consultations with civil society organisations a regular part of the policy- and law-making process.”
“But at the end of the day, I do hope that MOE can review our school-based volunteer programmes and see if there is still a need to make it compulsory and provide rewards. I also hope that we can consider giving people more time to volunteer. Time is perhaps the most valuable commodity in today's world and lack of time is the most common reason given for not volunteering. NVPC has found that volunteerism rates drop once people enter the workforce. To ensure the flames of volunteerism is not extinguished by the demands of work, employers are a key partner in building a nation of volunteers. We need to follow the positive example set by Salesforce Singapore, which offers seven days of volunteer leave annually. They have a particularly successful volunteer scheme with all of their employees making use of their volunteer leave in 2016 and clocking in more than 11,000 hours. I hope the Public Service, as the largest employer, can take the lead by extending the one-day volunteer leave currently given to public servants and consider allowing them to use their leave in blocks of hours instead of full days. Sir, we can also strengthen this spirit of giving by strengthening our engagement and collaboration with civil society. As John Mackey nicely put it, "A healthy society rests on three pillars: business, government and civil society or non-profits. Each has a distinct and important role to play and all three need to work together synergistically to create the most value for society". Given the insights that civil society can bring to the table with their ground experience, I hope they can be better represented on the Boards of our Statutory Boards.”
“The question is how do we have more Melissas, Tan Mengs, Sitis, Sudhas and Kalais? How do we support their efforts more and strengthen this Spirit of Giving here in Singapore? Volunteerism is increasing steadily. The National Volunteer & Philanthropy Centre (NVPC) found that one in three Singaporeans volunteered in 2016, up from one in 10 in year 2000. And we have SG Cares, a brilliant initiative to increase acts of kindness and volunteerism. To further increase volunteerism and sustain it, perhaps we first need to take a step back and study the effectiveness of our school-based volunteer programmes. It is important as that lays the foundation in our youths for volunteerism. Mr Kwan Jin Yao raised several points about this, including, "To what extent does involvement in VIA, Community Involvement Programme (CIP) and service-learning projects affect whether students continue volunteering after graduation? Are students who chalked up a high number of VIA or CIP hours more likely to volunteer for a social cause after leaving school?" Ms Tan Rong Ying's view was that, "It is important to reconsider the rewards and mandatory aspect of volunteerism in schools so as to increase and make clearer students' intrinsic motivations. This could encourage them to willingly volunteer more often during their school days and after graduation, thereby promoting a culture of active volunteerism." There are good VIA programmes, like the one at Hougang Secondary. Rather than introducing volunteer work through ad hoc projects, at Hougang Secondary, it is a way of school life, a life of volunteerism that is inculcated from the very beginning and they even get the parents involved. There are lots of lessons to learn from them.”
“I recently met Dr Sudha Nair when I joined President Halimah to open Safe Spaces, a Child Protection Specialist Centre run by PAVE. The stories they shared with us that day were heart-wrenching. The children made cards for President Halimah and, in one card, the child wrote about how she watched her father strangle her mother. It takes a very strong heart to be able to handle all these abuse cases every day but Sudha spoke with so much passion and so much determination. I thought this Executive Director must be quite new to this as she was so fresh, not jaded at all and was bursting with positivity. But she has actually been a social worker for more than 30 years now. We are fortunate to have someone like her, devoting her time towards ending family violence. We are also fortunate to have Kalai who devotes his time to end animal cruelty. He has worked at ACRES for the past seven years now. He was previously a volunteer with ACRES before I conned him, I mean convinced him, to join ACRES full-time. He took a pay cut to pursue his passion. He took on a job where the office hours are 24 hours a day, seven days a week. A lot of animals are indebted to him, from otters to owls, from pythons to pigeons and, most recently, a dolphin. The recent dolphin rescue near Bedok jetty was perhaps the best example of his level of commitment. He spent hours searching for that wild dolphin which needed our help. His hard work paid off and he managed to find and free the dolphin from the fish nets the dolphin was entangled in. He gave that dolphin a second chance at life. Sir, there are many, many more stories to share. So many more civil society activists I have met who work steadfastly to feed one mouth, educate one mind and comfort one soul.”
“She and my six other Legislative Assistants – Charmaine, Karen, Su, Roy, Jing Ling and Rachel – embody the spirit of speaking up and this spirit of giving. And, like Melissa, they, too, are amazing. Despite having full-time commitments, they give their time and energy towards the Singapore cause. They care deeply about our future and, most importantly, want to play a role in shaping it. This spirit of giving is also very much alive in Nee Soon East. Tan Meng, my CCC Chairman and also my left-hand, left-leg, right-leg, right-hand man, exemplifies this. He leads a team of dedicated volunteers and has been a grassroots leader for 26 years now. He serves with his heart and handles every feedback and every case so passionately, so meticulously and with compassion. And he does this every single day as a volunteer. Twenty-six years ago, he was curious and wanted to see how he can help improve the community and so he joined the CCC. Twenty-six years later, he looks as young as ever; perhaps the secret of looking young is to volunteer more! And I know he will volunteer more and continue to serve till his last breath. Siti Durriah is equally committed and I first met her when I was visiting a refugee camp in Aceh. I met this young lady who was so passionate about helping people that she used her precious time off from work and her salary to volunteer to help others. A physiotherapist by training, she was in Aceh to conduct developmental assessments for refugee children and teach them English. Sir, it really has been a privilege working with Melissa, Tan Meng and Siti, Singaporeans who embody the spirit of giving, who volunteer to give their time to help others. And there are others who are so devoted that they have chosen to make a career out of it.”
“Sir, I declare my interest as the Chief Executive of ACRES, a civil society organisation. Sir, our President spoke about the importance of fostering a compassionate and caring society and a giving society where everyone lends a helping hand. Beyond the dollars and cents, renewing our economy, strengthening our fiscal position, which is important to our survival, the heartware of this nation is equally important. How we care for one another, how we make sure no one is left behind, how we speak up for a better Singapore and how we have a culture of giving are crucial in the next chapters of the Singapore story. My late father taught me to always give and, in his eulogy, I said "Daddy gave more than he received and that ultimately was his strongest philosophy in life. A philosophy I hold dear to my heart and one I will impart to my daughter as well." It was with this philosophy that I entered politics and the quote I used in my candidate video was: "There is beauty in giving more than receiving". This spirit of giving is very much alive in Singapore and I see it in my work as a civil society activist for the past 17 years and as a Member of Parliament for the past three years. I see it almost every week when I meet my Legislative Assistants. Perhaps the most common question I am asked now is how on earth do I speak up so much in Parliament. How do I find the time to research and draft so many speeches and questions? For this, I have to thank Melissa. Melissa has a full-time job, is actively involved in humanitarian work and is also my Chief Legislative Assistant. If there is just one word to describe her, it is that she is amazing. But she does not do this alone.”
“Will the amendments bring the streaming of films under the ambit of the FA? Sir, I can see how powerful films are, how much they have impacted me and how we need regulations in place. I can see how much they have impacted my daughter Ella as well. While she has only watched four films so far, Paddington, Madagascar, The Lion King and Ant Bully, but I am pretty sure that, one day, Ella, too, will freak me out while we are watching a film, like how my Mommy was freaked out by me. That, I am not looking forward to. Sir, I do stand in support of this Bill, and I hope that the Minister can provide the above clarifications and assurances, which will go a long way in addressing the concerns from members of the public and the films industry.”
“Given that these officers will have powers to conduct search and seizure, what kind of training will the officer be required to undergo to ensure that they are able to exercise these extensive powers responsibly? I note the Minister has said they will be trained by the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA). Will guidelines be issued for the exercise of their enforcement powers, and will they be publicly available so that members of the public are aware of their rights and available recourse should their personal devices be seized? Under sections 34 and 34A, enforcement officers will have the power to seize anything which the officer reasonably suspects is evidential material. Can the Minister provide examples of what can and cannot be seized under this provision, given that films do not clearly take the form of just film reels or DVDs as they did in the past, and can now be stored on all kinds of storage devices? This would seem to cover mobile phones, personal tablets, laptops, computers and thumbdrives. The amendments would implicate everyone who owns a camera and storage devices, not just filmmakers. What safeguards are there to ensure that personal materials on the devices seized will not be accessed? I note that the special enforcement powers of enforcement officers allow them to enter a place "using such force as is reasonably necessary to obtain entry". I understand from speaking with individuals within the film industry that this provision is intended for use against errant distributors. Can the Minister confirm that this is the intention behind this provision? Have there been instances where forced entries have been required in dealing with distributors? Finally, what is the intent behind regulating the public exhibition of films via digital transmission?”