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Bob Iger

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128
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2023-01-06
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2023-01-06
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  1. Yeah, I started out by wanting to write a book about leadership during crisis, which I think is different than just general leadership because what's demanded of a leader is much greater. I'm adding to that, it essentially includes leadership during times of great disruption and transformation too, which is relevant to a lot of the things that we've talked about. Themes that I'm covering are basically what are the attributes of grade leadership during times of great change or gray crisis. It's pretty clear to me that courage and empathy are right at the top of the list. Being able to be present for people, particularly during a crisis. And, you know, I mentioned having courage, really important, but at the same time, you Have to be able to make decisions in a much more rapid rate than ever before.

    2023-01-06 · a16z Podcast · Creators, Creativity, and Technology with Bob Iger · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  2. Technology or telecommunications the purview of the storyteller, purview he uses, is only to get broader or become more exciting. He's thinking of a world where technology is one of the storytellers' greatest weapons tools to create great stories. And that to me is what excites me about next generation technology.

    2023-01-06 · a16z Podcast · Creators, Creativity, and Technology with Bob Iger · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  3. But we're also going to, but then something's going to come along. I muse about it all the time to myself, you know, what could it be? And that sort of, I don't know, whatever called, yin-yang, that dynamic fascinates me. And I think what you describe is going to play out where technology is put in the hands, we call it the storyteller. Walt Disney had a great quote in the 50s. He had to write something about the future of media to put in the cornerstone of a building or something. And he wrote something like that, no matter what happens, and I think he called it an electronic.

    2023-01-06 · a16z Podcast · Creators, Creativity, and Technology with Bob Iger · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  4. Well, you can go well beyond the confines of a stage in a theater. And the stage is limitless. It's just completely. And you can do it.

    2023-01-06 · a16z Podcast · Creators, Creativity, and Technology with Bob Iger · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  5. I should covered that on our podcast at one point. Anyway, so I personally think that we're entering, I believe, like an era now with things like virtuality, augmented reality, Web3, where the technology is getting to the point where really creative people can come along and try to use those tools to create brand new experiences. And as you say, there will always be these kind of Eternal truths and storytelling and other kinds of creative activities. But what is this new medium, right? Like early film, you know, my understanding is they started off kind of filming plays and then they realized it has its own language, just like creative vocabulary.

    2023-01-06 · a16z Podcast · Creators, Creativity, and Technology with Bob Iger · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  6. It was a pure tech thing for 15 million dollars. You put 35 million of his own money in 50 million in he sold it Disney for 7.3 million. Well, that's the crazy.

    2023-01-06 · a16z Podcast · Creators, Creativity, and Technology with Bob Iger · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  7. Different direction. Yeah, Tickstar is so interesting because normally this happens in a broader marketplace, right? So you have YouTube come along that's dependent on broadband, which of course is hundreds of companies and there's hundreds of video providers and the yin-yang, as you describe it, happens across all these organizations. I guess in Pixar, it's unusual. And I think maybe to do with Steve Jobs kind of visionary reading. Yeah, they kept funding it kind of irrationally for, I think, like 10 years, wasn't it, before they finally had. I think it was early 80s when he first bought it, right? As I recall.

    2023-01-06 · a16z Podcast · Creators, Creativity, and Technology with Bob Iger · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  8. So that point, Chris, is such a great point because to go back to what we talked about at the very beginning, which is Pixar I go up to Pixar, I spend a day there, and I observe very closely what is the dynamic between the creative side and the technology side. And John Lassiter articulated this really well to me. He put into words what I was seeing.

    2023-01-06 · a16z Podcast · Creators, Creativity, and Technology with Bob Iger · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  9. I think of these technologies as having distinct patterns where there's kind of an emerging phase. And as you said, there's usually like a kind of a breakout. I call it native creative experience. And so you have the Pixar, you have probably in mobile it was something like Instagram. You had asked before, but it wasn't like an app that really and TikTok that really kind of embraced the new medium.

    2023-01-06 · a16z Podcast · Creators, Creativity, and Technology with Bob Iger · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  10. Well, I'm excited about Web 3.0 developments, although everything seems so nascent that I don't think anybody really knows what develops. If I were a creator, I like the world that is ahead, even though I think it's ill-defined right now. I just don't think we know. Sometimes, as you know, it's a matter of some great creative mind using these tools in the most compelling way. Fixar is a great example of that. It's computer generated animation. I mean, originally, the vision was for them to make TV commercials out of it. And so I said, well, why don't we make movies instead of hand-drawn animation? And Pixar showed what could be done with that technology to enhance storytelling. And thus, the customer experience. I don't think we've seen that yet in Web 3.0. So I like... The prospects, but I can't be specific, I don't know.

    2023-01-06 · a16z Podcast · Creators, Creativity, and Technology with Bob Iger · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  11. Going back for one quick question, obviously, I work a lot and I focus on Web3 and crypto. And there we think a lot about bringing communities together and new ways to market and fund and co-create and other things.

    2023-01-06 · a16z Podcast · Creators, Creativity, and Technology with Bob Iger · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  12. I worry a lot about creative bouncing creative ideas off other people in the same space really important creative feedback if you can't give someone body language make them feel comfortable you're doing it on on a zoomer oh boy i wouldn't want to be creator listening to someone bitching about the movie i just made via zoom doesn't work culture is another thing and i worry you want to create a company culture or business culture i happen to believe that there's value to that it's going to be harder to do with everybody working remotely and then leadership and mentoring i would not be where i am today had my bosses not been able to see me perform in some physical space so i'm convinced of that

    2023-01-06 · a16z Podcast · Creators, Creativity, and Technology with Bob Iger · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  13. I tend to be conservative on remote work. I happen to believe that it can't possibly equal the productivity of in-person work. That's very conservative, I understand, and generational perhaps.

    2023-01-06 · a16z Podcast · Creators, Creativity, and Technology with Bob Iger · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  14. I think you could argue also, in fact, I would probably argue that you end up with a lot of these mature technologies with a barbell structure, meaning you go more digital, you also want to go more physical. Like it actually ends up people value the in-person time more. And what you get rid of is all the middle stuff, like the mediocre experiences. Interesting, this is typically what happens in any maturing industry, like it happened in retail. They call it Death of the Middle, right? You have the scaled Amazon experience and you have the Gucci experience, but who needs the middle? Who needs the more? I think this might be happening with remote work now. We have in our team, we have big off sites, we have dinners, and then we have Zoom, but who needs the mediocre coffee in the office or whatever.

    2023-01-06 · a16z Podcast · Creators, Creativity, and Technology with Bob Iger · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  15. Probably be something I would just guess native to the like it'll be Roblox or a Minecraft something that's truly an interactive experience as opposed to generally when you take something like offline and try to make it online.

    2023-01-06 · a16z Podcast · Creators, Creativity, and Technology with Bob Iger · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  16. Well, I think it will be tried. Some virtual theme park experience. It might become very compelling. I don't think it replaces the physical experience. That's very unique. You do share it with others, sometimes too many others. It's just, I just think that. Why I agree with Krist that VR is something about it that's very compelling, even though sometimes there's a loss of picture quality, et cetera. Something about that tangible, immersive experience that's about as powerful as it gets I think when Disney's imagineers build an immersive world that feels real. That's an experience that's very, very hard to replicate on an app or even with VR glasses. It's like, you're not going to have people that just stop interacting with one another in the physical world because they can do so with glasses. Not going to happen. I don't think

    2023-01-06 · a16z Podcast · Creators, Creativity, and Technology with Bob Iger · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  17. Right. We also, he and I had a conversation about books. I asked him whether it was the iPad. I can't remember. It wasn't the iPhone. You're going to have a bookstore. You're going to be able to read books. No, you know, what do people want to do? He got it quickly, by the way.

    2023-01-06 · a16z Podcast · Creators, Creativity, and Technology with Bob Iger · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  18. How to use a touchscreen, I was around when he was doing that, and so much just happened that he didn't even see happening. Yeah.

    2023-01-06 · a16z Podcast · Creators, Creativity, and Technology with Bob Iger · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  19. It's also funny how quickly we forget some of the changes that felt so off to us in organic. I mean, we all have blackberries. And Steve comes out with the iPhone. What? I got a touch part of the screen.

    2023-01-06 · a16z Podcast · Creators, Creativity, and Technology with Bob Iger · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  20. I think I do VR fair amount. I'm very interested in it. I think people get caught up looking at the resolution. Like if you compare it to a big screen TV, it's weak in the ways a big screen TV is strong, right? It doesn't have the same quality content. Maybe you see the pixels, but it's got a different feature, which is if you do it right, you actually feel this sense that I feel right now when I'm in the same room with you, this sense of presence. It always tricks people with new tech that it's always better in a different dimension, right? If you looked at the first mobile phone as a desktop computer, the lack of keyboard stood out to a lot of people, right? Right. But if you looked at it as, wow, a personalized phone, you know, magical computer screen in my pocket, it was amazing. Right, exactly. So a lot of it's like the perspective. If you look at VR as like a big screen TV, it's going to look weak. If you look at it as this magic box where I can be in the same room with you with.

    2023-01-06 · a16z Podcast · Creators, Creativity, and Technology with Bob Iger · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  21. What seems to be clear is technology, whether it's AR or even VR, but more AR, is going to create Shared experience, communal experience is interesting. Could you bring people together in a place, in a digital place, and have them all experience something? With one another between one another, you know, we saw it early on early stages of Sims and. A little ahead of their time because the experiences that were being created were so rudimentary and you couldn't really do all that much and there was no dimension and even the visual experience wasn't that great at a higher level it could be kind of interesting you know could we all convene in them in a town square in a digital town square and watch a movie together

    2023-01-06 · a16z Podcast · Creators, Creativity, and Technology with Bob Iger · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  22. Well, I think if you create IP that is consumed and appreciated and understood, valued by a consumer, don't whipsaw them. Don't change it too often. Maintain a consistency, including when you innovate with that IP, when you change it, because I'm a big believer in respect versus reverence, because the world changes. Even IP has to evolve. Mickey Mouse doesn't look the same as he did in 1928 when he was created, but do so in a measured and user-friendly way. Suddenly, everybody wakes up and Mickey Mouse no longer is a mouse, but is a rat or something like that. That doesn't work.

    2023-01-06 · a16z Podcast · Creators, Creativity, and Technology with Bob Iger · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  23. I don't really want to speak for Netflix. I certainly don't want to be critical of them, but it wouldn't surprise me if they reduced volume. The other thing to look at, because if there's sub base isn't going to grow significantly and they can't price higher very easily because there's more competition and there's inflation, then buying rights in perpetuity may be an issue. And not everything has forever value. And so it's going to be an interesting thing to watch licensing or buying these things for shorter term usage. And it'll revert back to the creator. And the creator will have an opportunity to sell to others.

    2023-01-06 · a16z Podcast · Creators, Creativity, and Technology with Bob Iger · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  24. Big difference, I think, between Disney and Netflix. Netflix is you've got a zillion thing And there's some original content, but it's all kind of mixed together where Disney Plus is very kind of premium, right

    2023-01-06 · a16z Podcast · Creators, Creativity, and Technology with Bob Iger · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  25. Well, I think It can't just be about volume. It can't just be about filling your home screen with rows and rows and rows of product. I think you still have to be choosy. In other words, you have to apply a little bit more editorial judgment on what's the difference.

    2023-01-06 · a16z Podcast · Creators, Creativity, and Technology with Bob Iger · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  26. With a big title. That's funny because we had this debate internally because I created a channel that's editors only for precisely this reason because editors to other editors, there's just a respect when you have skin in the game. It changes the dynamic when anybody else is in that room because you have this respect creator to creator. And interestingly, earlier you were talking about the M&A strategy to Chris's question The point that I think really struck through for me is that creatives draw other creatives because one of the reasons you were able to go from Pixar to Marvel is that you could say, well, Pixar, we successfully acquired them. And similarly, early in your career, when Spielberg and Lucas are engaging with you because you took a risk on Twin Peaks, that's the message to me there, is that creatives don't want only like a suit in charge.

    2023-01-06 · a16z Podcast · Creators, Creativity, and Technology with Bob Iger · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  27. You would get essentially critiqued by your peers, people who had had a lot of success on their own. And at times, I'm told it was never in one of those recessions, but it got kind of heated because they were unfiltered. But you're getting it from another creator, not some executive with a big title.

    2023-01-06 · a16z Podcast · Creators, Creativity, and Technology with Bob Iger · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  28. By the way, on this very subject, the other thing the Pixar did that was quite interesting is that before the executive team came in to critique a film, all other directors critique the film. Oh, so they go in a room with all the other directors and have a oftentimes viciously honest. That's interesting.

    2023-01-06 · a16z Podcast · Creators, Creativity, and Technology with Bob Iger · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  29. Yes. I would argue about TV and how it's great right now. That's also because in TV, the creative, the showrunner is prime. And that's a very different model than a lot of what's been playing out in the past, what like movie structures. And I think it actually reinforces your point that it's about the creator's vision or even like the Pixar vision of like the director vision first. And when you're describing going to Pixar, the big difference between assigning and having a person have an idea that they pitch is that person has a vision for what they want to do with it. That's a very big difference than someone walking in, turning around a situation. There's a very similar parallel between that.

    2023-01-06 · a16z Podcast · Creators, Creativity, and Technology with Bob Iger · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  30. It used to be, by the way, if you had made movies and you turned to TV, you were like pariah. Yeah. You know, you've come down a lot. That's not the case anymore. The great movie makers are making plenty of television.

    2023-01-06 · a16z Podcast · Creators, Creativity, and Technology with Bob Iger · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  31. Exactly. A lot of the shows that I watch, they're not multi season, they're one season. It's four or five episodes, six episodes. Sometimes you watch a slew of episodes. You don't even know whether it's coming back for another season. But it's great storytelling. And you can watch it all in one weekend, all at once in one sitting. You can play it out over weeks. So I think, look, if you really want me to predict, the other, I said advertisers are going to prevail. Streamers will prevail. Consumers will prevail. Creators will prevail. Yes. It's a great time for creators. They're anxious now because of disruption in how they get compensated and how they get measured, what they created. That who shall pass. And it will be figured out and they will have access to more consumers, more shelf space. There's more shelf space for creators to create on. I started a time when there were three TV networks and movie theaters. That was it. Now look at the world out there for creators.

    2023-01-06 · a16z Podcast · Creators, Creativity, and Technology with Bob Iger · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  32. Yeah, Martin did nail us. He and I talked at one point. I like him a lot. Well, first of all, I think we're ignoring the fact that the creativity right now that exists in what I'll call television. Yeah. Is phenomenal. It's incredible. So, this is

    2023-01-06 · a16z Podcast · Creators, Creativity, and Technology with Bob Iger · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  33. I don't know what you call it niche, but the reason for that is greater competition from basically movie quality television that can be watched in the home. And everything about the home experience or the out-of-movie theater experience is pro-consumer. Mobility, basically convenience, time, customization, personalization, it all is moving in the direction of giving the consumer more authority and they're going to use it.

    2023-01-06 · a16z Podcast · Creators, Creativity, and Technology with Bob Iger · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  34. Yeah, I think that's a good thing. I don't know what Apple ultimately does, but yes, Netflix has announced they're doing it. It'd be interesting to see ultimately what Google does and YouTube and whether they go into the space. I think right now the only thing that's really preventing them from acquiring content creators is regulation and fear of basically antitrust, whether it's in Europe or in the United States. So advertisers win. Linear TV goes away. No one wants to watch channels anymore except maybe news and sports. Power of Live and big events will exist

    2023-01-06 · a16z Podcast · Creators, Creativity, and Technology with Bob Iger · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  35. It's interesting because among the factions that are feeling anxious these days advertised is one of them, but I'm actually convinced that viewers, consumers will tolerate ad interruptions for lower prices. Partially, I think has to do with inflation, but it also has to do with the fact that consumers want more than one streaming platform. And in order to afford more than one, they'll take ads to cut the cost.

    2023-01-06 · a16z Podcast · Creators, Creativity, and Technology with Bob Iger · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  36. Yeah, absolutely. So I think streaming wins, not all streamers win. It's not for the faint of heart. It costs a lot of money and make great stuff and maintain it.

    2023-01-06 · a16z Podcast · Creators, Creativity, and Technology with Bob Iger · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  37. Yeah, linear cable and satellite viewing is marching to the edge of a great precipice. And I happen to believe that with generational shift, meaning baby boomers being replaced. It goes over the cliff. It goes over the edge. Not necessarily. So in that world, it's

    2023-01-06 · a16z Podcast · Creators, Creativity, and Technology with Bob Iger · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  38. Yeah, I had the luxury of having many great dudes in the job and exhilarating days. That 24 hours launching Disney Plus and getting to 10 million.

    2023-01-06 · a16z Podcast · Creators, Creativity, and Technology with Bob Iger · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  39. Up on the screen comes Pixar, Marvel, Star Wars. Now we've bought 21st Century Fox and The Simpsons National Geographic Avatar go on and on. And everybody says, wow, okay, this is a destination, meaning merely an app that I'm going to want because it's got all this high quality Brandon Entertainment in one place for a great price. And now we've got to technology to do it. Now talk about a nail biting moment. We launched in 2019 and our plan was for four to five million subscribers in the first year. We signed up 10 million in 24 hours. And if you don't think I was nervous about the technology. But once it did, we're off to the races. It was those 24 hours. It's good that you bought that.

    2023-01-06 · a16z Podcast · Creators, Creativity, and Technology with Bob Iger · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  40. Well, yes, I wanted to set it up with them in a way that would have them appreciate the opportunity that we had and the reason why we had to do it. So it was the relationship with the customer, leaving too much money on the table, the disruptive nature of the new streaming platforms on the linear channels and linear television viewing, all of those things so that when they heard it, when we had first announced we were doing this, the stock shot up. People were saying, oh, we're going to destroy our profits. Boom, stock goes up. That's amazing. It was just amazing what the reaction was. And this all led to an investor meeting because this now goes all the way back when we showed the street what we had developed. This is in April of 19. We launched Disney+ in November of 19.

    2023-01-06 · a16z Podcast · Creators, Creativity, and Technology with Bob Iger · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  41. They went away. They stopped. And not only that, we spent more money on production to get ready for the new platform. Costs went up, revenue went down. Usually when you're running a company, that's not what you try to do. But the street said.

    2023-01-06 · a16z Podcast · Creators, Creativity, and Technology with Bob Iger · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  42. Yeah, fund managers. One of them was Will Danoff from Fidelity. And the advice that Will gave me and that others gave us as well was if you're going to do this go all in. And to your point, Chris, about some of these other companies, they don't have the ability to go all in because going all in is a serious step. It's money, it's disruption.

    2023-01-06 · a16z Podcast · Creators, Creativity, and Technology with Bob Iger · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  43. saw the same vision well a couple of them had the same vision and they trusted me i don't know that they were as convinced as i was that we'd be able to execute well but they wanted to give me that chance in fact they came back i i pitched the whole thing to the board they had an executive session to talk about it with mazrin out of the room they came back and one of the board members who communicated what the board had the sentiment of the board during the executive session said speed is of the essence go for it and then i did something that in hindsight turned out to be more valuable than i ever expected i met with some key investors That I trusted that had followed our company and our business

    2023-01-06 · a16z Podcast · Creators, Creativity, and Technology with Bob Iger · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  44. No way. Yeah, yeah. The other thing that I was fortunate at the time to have is the board supported me. Not only do they support me, they exhorted us to do it.

    2023-01-06 · a16z Podcast · Creators, Creativity, and Technology with Bob Iger · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  45. Yeah, I've leveled subscribers. Well, I appreciate the compliment. Going back, one, I strengthened my conviction. I believe there's the right thing to do, had the credibility.

    2023-01-06 · a16z Podcast · Creators, Creativity, and Technology with Bob Iger · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  46. And actually, and let me take that further, the one exception in my mind is founders, founder, CEO. So, you know, if you look at, I would argue, Facebook, you know, Facebook is the only tech incumbent right now that's taking Web3 and VR and other new areas seriously. And the rest, I think, are kind of not as much. And that's because the founder both has the vision, but also the gravitas. But you weren't a founder. So I think you might be one of the few Cases of

    2023-01-06 · a16z Podcast · Creators, Creativity, and Technology with Bob Iger · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  47. Noises but won't ever really go all in right like that's a pretty good assumption for example in retail Amazon continues to I would argue even like places like Walmart just never really go all in right they're not really willing to give up on their secret cows exactly and I didn't know you but I assume the same thing oh here goes Disney we're gonna see another Walmart

    2023-01-06 · a16z Podcast · Creators, Creativity, and Technology with Bob Iger · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  48. I think, yeah, I mean, I think what's interesting is, I don't know when it was five, six years ago when you first did the pivot from the outside, I didn't know you. I would have assumed Disney would not take the new tech seriously. That's been the successful assumption in the tech community. So let's take retail as an example, right? So Amazon, again, Barnes& Noble against JCPenney against Sears, now Walmart. And you can pretty reliably predict that the incumbent kind of non-tech competitors will make.

    2023-01-06 · a16z Podcast · Creators, Creativity, and Technology with Bob Iger · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  49. Flag and decided to carry it up the hill. And it was a steeper, longer hill than I thought it would be, encountered resistance throughout. But in the end, I had fortunately, because of the success of those other acquisitions and the fact that my strategy articulated in 2005 had worked, I had built up a lot of trust. Not just among the Wall Street community, but the board, and in particular my senior team. And so it's nice when a leader has the trust of its team, even though it may not feel right to them because of how disrupted it is to them. If this guy says this is what we're doing, and I promise it's going to turn out all right They believe you

    2023-01-06 · a16z Podcast · Creators, Creativity, and Technology with Bob Iger · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  50. I mean, at a company, particularly a successful company, every single thing is designed to protect incumbency. Everything. It's compensation, it's the relationship with investors. It's how executives are being measured. What is the definition of success? If you're running a studio, the definition of success is what's the box office? Well, suddenly you're saying, oh, we're going to take some of the movies that you're making. We're not going to put them in movie theaters. We're going to put it on Disney Plus. Box Office goes away. By the way, that lack of measurement of success also transfers to the creative community. How does a director know or a team know their movie of successful or not? Or creator of a TV series knows about makes something so that it gets high ratings. That goes away. It's no longer about ratings. It's about other metrics. It reverberates throughout is very, very hard. So the innovator's dilemma is very real, very tangible. I faced it head on. I learned kind of the hard way because I sort of took...

    2023-01-06 · a16z Podcast · Creators, Creativity, and Technology with Bob Iger · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source