YouSaid · the spoken record

Brian Winter

lines on the record: 70
first: 2024-07-10
most recent: 2024-07-10
sittings or episodes: 1
sources: podcast

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“In Peru and Mexico, the Incas, the Aztecs, the Mayas, that there was no real equivalent in Brazil. And we're now finding out that that was not the case, that there were perhaps as many as 6 million people at the time of conquest in the Amazon. And so that, for me, in a region that has so much depth, so many different cultural strands that you can tap into. That is one that is obvious in some ways, but that I'm stimulated and excited by the fact that we continue to discover new things.”
2024-07-10 · Conversations with Tyler · Brian Winter on Brazil, Argentina, and the Future of Latin America · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Ty There is an omission for me which is indigenous culture. I have and is partly a function of the places where I've lived. Buenos Aires, Sao Paulo, these are not Mexico City even, this is a little bit different, but these are cities that, especially the first two, that are not deeply in touch with indigenous culture. And we are learning so much even today about the wealth and intellectual depth of some of these civilizations that lived in the Amazon. You know, there was this long-standing view that Brazil in particular was empty when the Portuguese landed there in 1500. And yes, there were some indigenous people, but it was not like the civilizations that the Spanish found.”
2024-07-10 · Conversations with Tyler · Brian Winter on Brazil, Argentina, and the Future of Latin America · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Know there's a long tradition around Gnoki, which is that people ate it on the, I believe it was the 29th of the month. I think that's right, because traditionally, in part because of this history of inflation, it was hard by the time you got to the end of the month, you didn't have much money left to feed yourself or your family. And so on that day of the month, you went out and bought gnocchi. And that term is also used gnokies to describe people who are on government payrolls but don't actually do anything. And they're called that because the only day of the month that they show up to be on the job is at the end of the month when they're going to get paid. Little stories like that that tell you a little bit about the political and gastronomical culture of a place.”
2024-07-10 · Conversations with Tyler · Brian Winter on Brazil, Argentina, and the Future of Latin America · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Well, Argentina might be the place for you because that is, they are just averse. This has evolved a little bit over the years, but they're so averse to sauce and specifically spice. I had Argentine friends when I lived there who believed that ranch dressing was too spicy. And they have a point. They say, you know, why would you want to take away the actual taste of the food?”
2024-07-10 · Conversations with Tyler · Brian Winter on Brazil, Argentina, and the Future of Latin America · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“I think Tyler, what we need to do is go on a culinary tour. I will order for you and make sure you don't get any of that dam sauce on your CBS. How's that?”
2024-07-10 · Conversations with Tyler · Brian Winter on Brazil, Argentina, and the Future of Latin America · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“What I admire about the Chileans is how they put guacamole on everything. I'm trying to think the dairy sauces on the seafood. Explain.”
2024-07-10 · Conversations with Tyler · Brian Winter on Brazil, Argentina, and the Future of Latin America · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Unprecedented, and I'm rooting for Argentina because I would be nothing better and more gratifying for me given what I lived through twenty five years ago than to see that country succeed.”
2024-07-10 · Conversations with Tyler · Brian Winter on Brazil, Argentina, and the Future of Latin America · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Brazil has done it. Brazil passed the Real Plan back in the nineteen nineties under democracy, and they managed to bring inflation under control. But you look at the economic stabilization programs elsewhere in Latin America, the one that Mexico had in the 80s and 90s. Of course, that was still during the period of one-party rule in Mexico. It was not exactly, it was not a dictatorship, but it was certainly not a democracy. And then the stabilization program that we saw in Chile in the 1980s, the first part of that happened under dictatorship, Augusto Pinochet, the second part happened under democracy in the 1990s. Peru, similarly, Fujimori closed the Congress in the 90s. Anyway, Argentina has to Argentine democracy is very strong. And so Malay has to operate within that system. That's a good thing. Can he do it? Does he have the temperament to do it?”
2024-07-10 · Conversations with Tyler · Brian Winter on Brazil, Argentina, and the Future of Latin America · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Diagnosis is correct. Most mainstream economists agree with that. The problem is, there's several problems. One of them is to bring things back into balance under democracy is something that only a few countries have been able to do.”
2024-07-10 · Conversations with Tyler · Brian Winter on Brazil, Argentina, and the Future of Latin America · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“I wish I knew, Tyler, he's such a fascinating story. You know, I think that Javier Millet has the right ideas. He understands that the essence of Argentina's problem is fiscal, that it's a country that spends more than it earns. It has for decades, and it's part of this whole story of decline. You know, it's a country that where the accounts are always a little bit out of balance or sometimes a lot out of balance. It has over the years financed that gap through one of two mechanisms, either by borrowing, but then when the sources of financing run out as they periodically do, they print money. And that's the reason that they have one of the world's highest inflation rates right now, upward of 270%. So, you know, Millet understands the nature of the problem, I think is.”
2024-07-10 · Conversations with Tyler · Brian Winter on Brazil, Argentina, and the Future of Latin America · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Everything, I would hope, but specifically Latin America, which used to be treated. You still see shades of it every now and then with a kind of finger wagging paternalism that not only turns people off in the region. There's no quicker way to shut Latin American readers off than when they sense that happening, but it's also, you know, I think it's important for us to know that recognize that all of our countries are imperfect and facing some of the same challenges in terms of democratic erosion, rising inequality, addiction to drugs, and all the effects that that has on organized crime, we're much less different from people in this part of the world than many of us believed 20, 25 years ago.”
2024-07-10 · Conversations with Tyler · Brian Winter on Brazil, Argentina, and the Future of Latin America · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“From the Great Recession of 2008 to things like the Iraq War, the problems that the US has had in our own democracy in that time have really, I think, impacted the way that journalists everywhere write about”
2024-07-10 · Conversations with Tyler · Brian Winter on Brazil, Argentina, and the Future of Latin America · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Humility Circumstances have changed so much since I started doing this. I have to say with a certain degree of embarrassment that it's partly a function of what's happened in world history over the last 25 years since I started doing this. Anglo-American correspondence in Latin America 25 years ago wrote with this certitude, this certainty that these countries needed to learn from the example of the United States and or England. I worked for Reuters for many years. And not everybody was like that, of course, but that was a kind of prevailing view. And, you know, keep in mind, we were coming out of the 1990s, which was the peak of the post-Cold War period and the end of history and Washington consensus and everything like that. But everything that's happened over the last several years.”
2024-07-10 · Conversations with Tyler · Brian Winter on Brazil, Argentina, and the Future of Latin America · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“That I follow most closely, it's impossible to follow all of them. And then I make my way to my work next to the miserable looking commuters who I mentioned earlier. And we sit here in our office here on Park Avenue and do our best to try to make sense of what's happening in this region and focus not only on the challenges, but talk about some of the successes as well.”
2024-07-10 · Conversations with Tyler · Brian Winter on Brazil, Argentina, and the Future of Latin America · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“I still have the habits of an old wire reporter, Tyler. I'm 46 years old, but I started my career very young in Argentina. I was 22 years old. My first job was covering the economic collapse of Argentina in 2001 and 2002. That was a period that saw five presidents in two weeks, a default on the sovereign debt, a 70% currency devaluation. It was a baptism by fire, and it was really what showed me the importance of politics and of policy. And in some respects, that experience has never left me. Something else that has not left me is that need to begin my day by obsessively reading newspapers in Argentina, in Brazil, Colombia, Chile. Those are the countries.”
2024-07-10 · Conversations with Tyler · Brian Winter on Brazil, Argentina, and the Future of Latin America · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“To be honest with you, the truth is not as much as I should and not as much as I used to. Maybe some of that is age and some of it is also the need to try to keep up with an extremely varied region of almost 600 million people from New York. I mean, look, I'm in Latin America all the time. I travel several weeks, months out of the year. But that challenge of trying to keep a finger on the pulse means that unfortunately I have not read books like Torto Aradu, which is winning all kinds of, that's a Brazilian book. It is winning all kinds of prizes on international circuits right now.”
2024-07-10 · Conversations with Tyler · Brian Winter on Brazil, Argentina, and the Future of Latin America · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Just speaking for myself, there's several reasons why I do this. I'm very interested in the question of why nations fail or succeed, but I also love these places. I love these countries. I love the happiness, the sense of humor, the value that people place upon family and friends. And it's tough sometimes because from my day job, I live now in New York and I engage with the region so often now through a purely political lens. Sometimes it feels like exactly the wrong lens to be engaging with the region. During the pandemic in particular, when I was still writing about politics day to day, but stuck here in New York, it was really tough because I had to keep reminding myself there is so much more to these places than just the dysfunctional politics and now that I'm able to travel again, I see that every time I go.”
2024-07-10 · Conversations with Tyler · Brian Winter on Brazil, Argentina, and the Future of Latin America · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Yeah, these are countries you're naming two of the poorest countries in the region, and I do think that there's a point where, and this is something else that has been outside of these happiness surveys that we always see, which I always find funny, the notion that the countries of Scandinavia are the happiest in the world, maybe so. Look, as someone who spent 10 years of my life living in Latin America as a reporter and continues to follow the region as...”
2024-07-10 · Conversations with Tyler · Brian Winter on Brazil, Argentina, and the Future of Latin America · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“That has been borne out by surveys again and again goes back to what I was saying earlier about these people who sometimes endure great hardship.”
2024-07-10 · Conversations with Tyler · Brian Winter on Brazil, Argentina, and the Future of Latin America · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Place to be as well. It's a place where people take pride in what they do without being totally consumed by it. It is still Brazil, and so people also know how to party and have a good time.”
2024-07-10 · Conversations with Tyler · Brian Winter on Brazil, Argentina, and the Future of Latin America · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“While the name of the book that I'm working on about Sao Paulo right now that I mentioned earlier, you'll appreciate then is the title The Ugliest City You'll Ever Love. And it goes through this whole arc that I just spoke about and says why even though it is a place that sometimes seems to be chasing away visitors, you come out of the international airport in Sao Paulo and you immediately pass not one but two high security prisons and a sewage treatment plant and then you spend the next 30 minutes driving along an extremely polluted river which is the Hyotiet. Not everybody falls in love with it right away. But there's such a great vibe you feel so welcome there as a foreigner and if you like this may sound strange but if you like work and I like work Sao Paulo is a great”
2024-07-10 · Conversations with Tyler · Brian Winter on Brazil, Argentina, and the Future of Latin America · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“into local society. I speak Portuguese but with an accent. It is the only place in Latin America where I can go to the corner bakery and order my favorite juice, which is a sukujima maunkunja, which is a papaya with orange juice, That identifies me right away as a gringo. Those vowels that I just said, every Brazilian will hear them and say this guy is not from here. But I never felt like a foreigner in Sao Paulo, in part because it has that tradition of people from all over the world and also all over the country, keeping in mind that Brazil is a country that's even bigger than the continental United States. If you balance all those things, I would choose Sao Paulo.”
2024-07-10 · Conversations with Tyler · Brian Winter on Brazil, Argentina, and the Future of Latin America · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Gosh, what a great question, Tyler. You know, I think in terms of the best combination of economic opportunity, relative safety, integration with the world to The possibility of upward mobility I would say Sao Paulo, I really would, despite everything that we were saying earlier about the security risks, the crime, that is with Mexico City, those are the two truly international cities in Latin America. There are other places that are great hubs. I mean, I love Buenos Aires, Santiago is also in Chile has great quality of life, but if you're a citizen of the world, if you're trying to do business, the issue that Argentina and Chile have is that they're far. They're at the very extreme end of the continent. Sao Paulo's a bit more central. And it's also a place, Brazil writ large, but Sao Paulo specifically where it's very easy to integrate yourself.”
2024-07-10 · Conversations with Tyler · Brian Winter on Brazil, Argentina, and the Future of Latin America · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Door of the White House for several years now trying to do a trade deal with the US, met with, for the most part, unreceptive ears in Washington. But that's what they're trying to do. It's a solid democracy. It does better than the United States in some of these rankings of solid democracies that get put together by the economist intelligence unit and others. And the beaches are beautiful too. So, you know, one day when I have to go fleeing into exile because of something I've said or done, Uruguay is definitely on the top of my list.”
2024-07-10 · Conversations with Tyler · Brian Winter on Brazil, Argentina, and the Future of Latin America · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Uruguay was actually 50. This was a country that was just flat on its back. And today, that percentage is in the low double digits. It's around 10%. And there's back to this discussion we were having about crime and security, there was no silver bullet. What happened was they came out of that crisis 20 years ago and they realized that there were certain things that needed to be done. They needed a consensus around fiscal management, around sound management of the economy. They needed to bring better regulations to their banks. And sadly, but probably correctly, they concluded that they needed to reduce their dependence on their neighbors, that they needed to depend less mainly on Argentina and diversify. They're still undergoing that process today. It's interesting. This is a country that has been knocking on furiously on the door.”
2024-07-10 · Conversations with Tyler · Brian Winter on Brazil, Argentina, and the Future of Latin America · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Uruguay is a fascinating story, Tyler. It's a country of just three point three million people that I think a lot of people, if we're honest, people would struggle to find it on a map. But it is despite its small size has been a real success story. It was always different in Latin American context. It was Latin America's first welfare state 100 years ago. And so, you know, I've been a big proponent of the Uruguay story. I wrote an article about it for America's quarterly more than a year ago. And a lot of people dismissed it and said, oh, well, you know, Uruguay, it's so small, and it's always been so wealthy that it's not really an example for the rest of the region. But that's not true. 20 years ago, when Argentina's economy melted down the last time, it had a huge contagion effect on Uruguay. And poverty in”
2024-07-10 · Conversations with Tyler · Brian Winter on Brazil, Argentina, and the Future of Latin America · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“A lot of people, and it's a very popular question. It's not just popular, it is according to several studies, it is the world's highest per capita rate of psychoanalysis. You know, Freud was very big there over the years. And having lived there for four years myself, I never saw one.”
2024-07-10 · Conversations with Tyler · Brian Winter on Brazil, Argentina, and the Future of Latin America · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“economic environment has made them incredibly lean, disciplined, and ready to go out into the world and dominate, the idea being that if you can make it in Argentina where conditions can dramatically change from one day to the next almost like the weather, then you can survive damn near anything. And that has been one reason why a lot of these companies have had so much success on the global stage. I mean, you look around Spanish speaking Latin America and the big tech giants, the ones that really dominate, with some exceptions, they tend to be Argentine.”
2024-07-10 · Conversations with Tyler · Brian Winter on Brazil, Argentina, and the Future of Latin America · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“I'm not sure they're mutually exclusive. I would frame it slightly differently. The intellectual capital and firepower that you see in Argentina is still very strong. I've always believed as someone who's probably spent too many hours of my life thinking about Argentine decline. Cultural and intellectual capital erodes less quickly than economic capital. And you still see these amazing centers of excellence in Buenos Aires. And what these entrepreneurs will tell you, the founders of these companies that you mentioned, like Mercado Libre or Globat, that have really become world beaters on the global stage. I mean, Mercado Libre at this point is one of the biggest e-commerce companies in the entire world, competes with Amazon. What these founders will tell you is that actually starting their businesses in such an uncertain macro”
2024-07-10 · Conversations with Tyler · Brian Winter on Brazil, Argentina, and the Future of Latin America · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Than 20 years ago, but the economy, you know, today, speaking of things that are cyclical, you've got inflation of 270%. So it doesn't take long, even at the jockey club, to realize that not all is well in the country right now.”
2024-07-10 · Conversations with Tyler · Brian Winter on Brazil, Argentina, and the Future of Latin America · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“I have noticed this well, I think two reasons one is that Argentina is regarded even today by many as the heart of polo culture and horse culture globally. I mean, it's really people say it's Florida and Provincia de Buenos Aires are the main places to be. But a lot of this also, Tyler, as I was saying earlier, everything or almost everything in Argentina ends up being about past glory and past wealth. And the jockey club is really one of those places still left in the city where you can look around and sort of squint a little bit, imagine it's 1920, and that this is still the quote-unquote Paris of South America. It's not the only place that's like that. It's actually the city itself looks good. It looks better than it did when I covered Argentina's economic meltdown in my first job out of college more than”
2024-07-10 · Conversations with Tyler · Brian Winter on Brazil, Argentina, and the Future of Latin America · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Federal authority kind of comes and goes. But if you can ever manage to go and feel safe, there's few places in the world quite like that.”
2024-07-10 · Conversations with Tyler · Brian Winter on Brazil, Argentina, and the Future of Latin America · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Oh gosh, I am not sure it's lesser known. I am quite taken with Cartagena as many visitors are. Medellin, the land of the eternal spring, Monteria is an area I've been to that looks a lot like the Matugrosso and the cattle country in Brazil that we were discussing earlier. It's a beautiful place. I would say having stuttered around this a little bit, my favorite place is the Sierra Nevada, which is unique in the global context. As the name suggests, it's a snowy range of mountains from which you can see the Caribbean Sea. The fact that there is a mountain range where you can simultaneously see the Caribbean, and sometimes there is snow on the ground, never ceases to amaze me. It is a beautiful place. One of these troubled parts of the country where for a long time”
2024-07-10 · Conversations with Tyler · Brian Winter on Brazil, Argentina, and the Future of Latin America · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“A breathtakingly competent civil service, a certain consensus around the need for sound fiscal management, which anyone who follows Latin America knows is not something you should ever take for granted. So, no, like a lot of these countries, they have things that they've done well and areas where they still need to improve.”
2024-07-10 · Conversations with Tyler · Brian Winter on Brazil, Argentina, and the Future of Latin America · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“And that has been a big reason why they never had it was one of the very few Latin American countries that never defaulted on its debt in the 1980s. They never had a hyperinflation. Their economy, Tyler, as you noted, has always consistently grown, but yet they've had these huge problems with guerrilla movements and general lawlessness, partly because of geography and partly because of a let's say a lack of political will to go and dominate, subdue, bring rule of law to these parts of the country that were not under the federal umbrella. It's not just about geography, it's about political will as well.”
2024-07-10 · Conversations with Tyler · Brian Winter on Brazil, Argentina, and the Future of Latin America · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Always skeptical of simple neat theories, but I would point to geography. Columbia in a way is unique. It is a country where the capital is on top of the mountain in Bogota. Colombia is a country of plateaus. It is a very difficult territory for any central authority to control. Some have compared it. By some, I mean development agencies of the UN and others have compared it in terms of its geography to Afghanistan with areas that are just completely separated from each other. The story in Colombia over time has been that of a competent government in Bogota that does not control all of the national territory. And it remains true today. Their vast pockets of the country that federal authority simply does not get there.”
2024-07-10 · Conversations with Tyler · Brian Winter on Brazil, Argentina, and the Future of Latin America · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Well, look, we do have examples in history, a recent history, imperfect examples of countries that reduced violence and that broke the grip of drug gangs under democracy. I would cite Colombia of the two thousands. Now, this was a period that saw many abuses, human rights abuses, a military, a Colombian military that we now know killed thousands of innocent people. to the extent that it's possible to say but after a declaration like that, homicide rates did dramatically fall. And it's a very different feeling country than it used to be. So point is, Bukele is not the only route, but I agree with you when you say that there is no easy, fast, democratic route to improving security when you're dealing with cartels and organized crime. Groups that have the resources that some of these groups do.”
2024-07-10 · Conversations with Tyler · Brian Winter on Brazil, Argentina, and the Future of Latin America · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Then, arguably, El Salvador's society has a democratic sovereign right to make that decision and to sign off on what he's doing, which is, again, sending a lot of people, including almost certainly, innocent people, to jail. And if that's a cost that Salvadoran is society is willing to take, then perhaps they have a right to do that. It remains to be seen how exportable that model is to other countries in the region. You hear a lot of politicians saying nice things about Bukele, but no other country really has yet gone down that path.”
2024-07-10 · Conversations with Tyler · Brian Winter on Brazil, Argentina, and the Future of Latin America · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Did it with the internment camps of the World War II era with the Japanese population? And we as a society almost always regret these things after the fact, but they're seen as necessary at the time. The real debate for me that Bukeli awakens is we may think, I may think, that what Bukelli is doing is anti-democratic. But if he just was voted Second term as president with a huge mandate.”
2024-07-10 · Conversations with Tyler · Brian Winter on Brazil, Argentina, and the Future of Latin America · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Well, I think yes, but it takes time. It involves building up your police forces, professionalizing your judiciary, and sending people the old fashioned way to jail by putting them on trial first for societies that are not willing to tolerate that, that don't have that patience because they think that they're going through a crisis, an emergency, I have to say, I mean, I understand why Bouquet LA has an approval rating upwards of 80%, because the results are real. And the history of the world is full of societies, including democratic societies, that have been willing to suspend civil liberties in the name of a national emergency. We did that here in the United States during the Civil War with the suspension of habeas corpus.”
2024-07-10 · Conversations with Tyler · Brian Winter on Brazil, Argentina, and the Future of Latin America · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“That's how dramatic what Bukele has done. And so far it has met with success in terms of reducing homicide numbers. El Salvador's official homicide index is now lower than that of the United States. There's some question about whether those numbers are accurate, but they're certainly the trend is real, is very clear. The problem, of course, is that he's done that without in many cases due process for the people who he's put in jail.”
2024-07-10 · Conversations with Tyler · Brian Winter on Brazil, Argentina, and the Future of Latin America · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Well, what you say is true in the sense that police states can be quite safe. And Nicaragua and Cuba are places where no type of dissent is tolerated today. El Salvador, it's not there yet. I think it's fair to wonder whether that is what Naibukele has in mind. Of course, Naibukele being the, you already named him, the very charismatic millennial El Salvadoran leader with the backwards baseball cap. What he has done is throw more than 1% of his country's population in jail over the course of a year. And El Salvador is not a big country, so to put that in proportional terms, to do the equivalent thing in the United States, that would be putting more than 3 million more people in jail in the course of 12 months.”
2024-07-10 · Conversations with Tyler · Brian Winter on Brazil, Argentina, and the Future of Latin America · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“It's hard to go wrong. I've had some amazing Chuhasku in Sao Paulo, but also up in the new cattle country up in Mato Grosso. You know, they bring it, well, I assume a lot of your audience has been to the all-you-can-eat Ogizios of Brazilian barbecue here in the US. It's basically like that. But what you don't always get here in the US is these vast buffets of other things where you can get your picana, which is the classic, they always translate that as rump steak, which makes it sound terrible, but it's the best, most classic Brazilian cut. But to then align that up with Hearts of Palm that are sometimes almost the size and diameter of like a flagpole.”
2024-07-10 · Conversations with Tyler · Brian Winter on Brazil, Argentina, and the Future of Latin America · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Brazil has that there are dishes and dances of the old Japanese community that have been preserved in Brazil in a way that they were not in Japan. So it's a country in part because of that rich tradition of immigration that we were discussing earlier that has all kinds of enclaves like that that are fascinating to visit.”
2024-07-10 · Conversations with Tyler · Brian Winter on Brazil, Argentina, and the Future of Latin America · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“This neighborhood is also notable for other reasons, and prior to becoming a Japanese neighborhood in the 17th and 18th century, well, the name tells it all Liberdaji, it was one of the first neighborhoods where freed slaves in Sao Paulo lived, and it has that whole history that is also being uncovered kind of as we speak, as this part of this moment of racial awakening that I already described.”
2024-07-10 · Conversations with Tyler · Brian Winter on Brazil, Argentina, and the Future of Latin America · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“I'd like to hear your story of Pavaroda, but I have to say my favorite example of an ethnic enclave in Brazil is actually in Sao Paulo. It's a neighborhood called Liberdagi, which means freedom, means liberty. And this was the poll for the Japanese community that came to Brazil starting in the 1900s. And has, as I said earlier, is the biggest Japanese community outside Japan. They have integrated themselves exceptionally well into the country. You walk through this neighborhood and you see sushi places, ramen restaurants, and then coconut water.”
2024-07-10 · Conversations with Tyler · Brian Winter on Brazil, Argentina, and the Future of Latin America · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Racial lines was never a thing in part because it was not feasible because there had been so much mixing. But there was a long tradition in Brazil, especially among the elite, of claiming that there was no racism in Brazil. And I think that the country has come to grips with the fact that that's not true, that there was racism, that it was different from racism in the United States, but racism nonetheless. And so people are grappling with that at the same time that they're more inclined to identify themselves as black, which is a fascinating thing to watch.”
2024-07-10 · Conversations with Tyler · Brian Winter on Brazil, Argentina, and the Future of Latin America · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“race people, but because people are more inclined to identify themselves as with pride as being part of that group. And it's all a saga that has been going on for hundreds of years, that has echoes in the same history that we have here in the US. But in some ways, it happens on a bigger scale in Brazil. Here's a figure that people are always surprised, Americans are always surprised to learn. Brazil imported more than 5 million people from Africa from the 16th century through eighteen fifty. That is more than ten times the number of slaves that were imported into the United States. And so we're talking about an issue that has had reverberations that in some ways are far bigger. At the same time, there was always more mixing of the races in Brazil. So segregation along”
2024-07-10 · Conversations with Tyler · Brian Winter on Brazil, Argentina, and the Future of Latin America · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Race is a subject in Brazil that I always approach with humility as an American because we of course have our own amply documented issues, and racism in Brazil is different in some ways, but similar in others. There has been a huge debate within Brazil about identity and the nature of Brazilian racism over the last ten years or so. One consequence of this, Tyler, is that the percentage of people who identify as black or mixed race has gone way up in census data in that time. It's gone from, I believe somewhere in the upper forties to about 56% today. And it's not because Brazil became more black or had more mixed.”
2024-07-10 · Conversations with Tyler · Brian Winter on Brazil, Argentina, and the Future of Latin America · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Now is this spread of organized crime, which was already bad? I mean, this has always been an issue as long as I've been following the region. But with the doubling in the production of cocaine that we've seen over the last 10 years and keeping in mind that almost all the world's cocaine is produced in just three countries, that's Colombia, Peru, and Bolivia. The smuggling routes lead out of those countries and touch virtually every other country in Latin America. And the illegality and organized crime that takes root around that is the source of a lot of these issues.”
2024-07-10 · Conversations with Tyler · Brian Winter on Brazil, Argentina, and the Future of Latin America · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source