YouSaid · the spoken record

Claudia Goldin

lines on the record: 54
first: 2023-10-09
most recent: 2023-10-09
sittings or episodes: 1
sources: podcast

Every line below is reproduced as it was said and linked to the record it came from. Nothing here is summarised or generated. Directory · Search · Corrections

“Years old during some period had some high probability of going to a Lanham school what happened to them 50 years later. So that's one of the things I'm doing. Another thing is trying to figure out why men who are fathers do so well relative to women who are mothers. And that's another piece of the puzzle.”
2023-10-09 · Conversations with Tyler · Re-release: Claudia Goldin on the Economics of Inequality · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Wonderful. So I'm working on a couple of projects. One is this is a lot of fun. So there was something called Lanimac that was passed in 1940 that was for infrastructure for America. Lots of money. And by 1942-43, it was pretty clear that America needed to, in fighting this war at home, in producing goods for the Allies that we needed to have women employed. And so the Lanimac funds were repurposed for nursery schools and after school programs. And what we're doing with Joe Ferry and Claudia Olivetti is finding out exactly where these Lanham schools were and through the amazing ability that exists now we can figure out whether individuals who were three to six”
2023-10-09 · Conversations with Tyler · Re-release: Claudia Goldin on the Economics of Inequality · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Weren't going there. And when they were going there, they were Italians and they were dark. And these were pretty racist people. In the north, the places that began to shift being anti-immigrant, and I was looking more at the shifts of voting for legislation that would put in place rules for literacy, those places were places that did not have large numbers of people from Eastern, Central, and Southern Europe. And so the people there in slamming the door were not slamming the door in the face of their relatives.”
2023-10-09 · Conversations with Tyler · Re-release: Claudia Goldin on the Economics of Inequality · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“What probably best predicted it was it was sort of a combination, it appeared from some ancient work I've done of areas that got immigrants and reduced the opportunities for others in the area and for whom the immigrant groups that were there already were not the ones who were flooding in. So one could think of the various parts of the country. Ironically, the South was really pro-immigrant for the longest time because it viewed these immigrants as a wonderful substitute for a labor force that was migrating north and had for decades not been slave. And so the South was pro-immigrant and they became anti-immigrant only when they realized that”
2023-10-09 · Conversations with Tyler · Re-release: Claudia Goldin on the Economics of Inequality · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“And by acts of the legislature, slaves were freed as of a certain age. And so that was what was called gradual emancipation. It wasn't very good emancipation and it could have had some horrific effects. And in fact, one of the effects was that slaves were shipped from these northern areas to the south. So there were lots of different potential programs. And I mean, one of the things that Frank Lewis and I did when we computed the cost of the Civil War was we were essentially telling Lincoln, oops, you know, you should have done it.”
2023-10-09 · Conversations with Tyler · Re-release: Claudia Goldin on the Economics of Inequality · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Well, I mean, Lincoln wrestled with that. When thinks about what went on in the White House during the Civil War, I mean, one just thinks about Lincoln just wrestling, physically wrestling with all of these difficult issues. And in fact, the slaves were purchased in the district of Columbia. So he was doing calculations about how we could pay slave owners for their property. You know, for the longest time, one of the central issues in Lincoln's mind was that property was extremely important to protect and slaves were property. And so we would have to buy out the slaves. And he made lots of different calculations. And of course, there were many different emancipation programs that preceded. That. In fact, you may know.”
2023-10-09 · Conversations with Tyler · Re-release: Claudia Goldin on the Economics of Inequality · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Yeah, well, I read the work of David Deming in which we now, the set of skills that are in enormously great demand are a set of social skills. And the question is, how do you up social skills that it seems as if we know a lot about the demand for social skills? We know a lot less about the supply of social skills. So it may be that when we think about the skill of the past, we're thinking about first, you know, manual skills, then motor skills, then mental skills. And now we're moving into the range of social skills.”
2023-10-09 · Conversations with Tyler · Re-release: Claudia Goldin on the Economics of Inequality · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“In a mere four years. I went to Cornell, which of course is an Ivy League school too. And I had a phenomenal experience, but nothing like I would have if I went to Harvard right now. That's why I want to go back to college.”
2023-10-09 · Conversations with Tyler · Re-release: Claudia Goldin on the Economics of Inequality · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Don't know what the numbers are for the sheepskin effects. I'm always very dubious on anything having to do with real signaling. But in terms of sheep skin effects, I'm willing to read up on it, but I don't know what it is. The networks are enormously important. You know, sometimes I look at my undergraduates and I think I would just be such a better person if I could live with these people. These are the most accomplished people. And so you would be able to listen to someone playing the cello. You would be listening to someone teaching you about verdie operas. They're just an incredible group of individuals. So in some sense, not the same networking that Teddy Roosevelt would have been able to do or John Kennedy. It's instead an ability to grasp just enormous”
2023-10-09 · Conversations with Tyler · Re-release: Claudia Goldin on the Economics of Inequality · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“We can go back as early as we have data, as early as we have data on high schools, and know that girls attended high schools, graduated from high schools at far, far greater numbers than boys. So if there is an issue here, it's certainly not extracurriculous. It may have to do with what's going on in your cells. And this difference between this Y and this double X.”
2023-10-09 · Conversations with Tyler · Re-release: Claudia Goldin on the Economics of Inequality · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“From Princeton and Yale and Dortmouth and Amherst and Wesley and a whole bunch of places was women. And so those institutions in a process that I've described on the origins of co-education led these institutions to move in the direction of accepting more women. Now what's going through your mind, I think, is yes, but they weren't lowering quality. In fact, they were increasing quality. But diversity in any dimension can be thought of as a plus for everyone. It was about 10 years ago that some dean in a small liberal arts college in the Midwest admitted to the fact that they were accepting men with lower SAT Act and grade point averages to Increased diversity.”
2023-10-09 · Conversations with Tyler · Re-release: Claudia Goldin on the Economics of Inequality · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Brought back to the original issues that were raised by a small number of liberal arts colleges and universities in the 50s and the 60s about why they should become co-educational institutions. And those reasons were that their marginal student was leaving, was not going to Princeton, but going to Harvard not going to Princeton, but going to Penn, not going to Princeton, but going to Cornell because that student wanted an education that was more balanced in terms of what the world would look like when they got out and that more balanced then was not necessarily blacks, Hispanics, Jews, but the one major thing that was missing.”
2023-10-09 · Conversations with Tyler · Re-release: Claudia Goldin on the Economics of Inequality · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“These are private institutions and they can generally accept whom they would like to accept for various reasons of diversity.”
2023-10-09 · Conversations with Tyler · Re-release: Claudia Goldin on the Economics of Inequality · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Possibly, I'm trying to go back. We'd have to go back to Seth's work to know. Was the individual who was graduating from high school, so he's in fact including in that the probabilities that they don't finish and the rate of return for that person who was able to go to this Florida International was incredibly high.”
2023-10-09 · Conversations with Tyler · Re-release: Claudia Goldin on the Economics of Inequality · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Well, let me just back up and say that when we were just talking about for profit education, that the not-for-profit, then non-selective portion could use a bit of changes well. I mean, it's not as if they're charging as high an amount or as recruiting using techniques that are as extreme and exploitative as the for-profits, but they also may not really wake up individuals and tell them exactly what they have to do and how much time they need to spend. So I think that we do know, Tyler, there is incredibly good, really superb research on that marginal student and that the marginal student, you know, this is Seth Zimmerman's phenomenal work. Marginal student does gain a tremendous amount by getting into a good college.”
2023-10-09 · Conversations with Tyler · Re-release: Claudia Goldin on the Economics of Inequality · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Not the big problem. The big problem is what I just said. And let me just say that I have taken short for-profit courses on dog training, and they work really well.”
2023-10-09 · Conversations with Tyler · Re-release: Claudia Goldin on the Economics of Inequality · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Individuals are not as aware as they should be of what they're getting themselves into. So they are often very needy. They're low income. They're first generation college. Someone is dangling in front of them, something that they really want. They desperately want, something that's going to get them out of the hole that life has put them in. And that person who's dangling it is not giving them sufficient information and sufficient amount of time to get out of this contract. I think we saw that very, very clearly in the GAO audit studies of the for-profits. I think that that's the problem. The for-profits that give short courses that give one year certification in, let's say, medical technicians, those what we've shown in our work are”
2023-10-09 · Conversations with Tyler · Re-release: Claudia Goldin on the Economics of Inequality · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Think that it's some for profit education, it's certainly not all for profit education, but I think the problem is that the part of for-profit education that sort of expanded the greatest was for BAs and particularly in fields like business administration, management, and they became more BA mills. When I was studying for-profit education, I really wanted to be able to look at the materials that were given to people. What were they studying? And I was never able to break into that. The problem is it's twofold. One is that there's a huge profit incentive for the company. That's, of course, not always a problem, as we know. But the other one is for the”
2023-10-09 · Conversations with Tyler · Re-release: Claudia Goldin on the Economics of Inequality · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“I have a personal stance that it's highly overrated, but I wouldn't want to get into an argument with my friend colleague, person I have enormous admiration for Amy Finkelstein, who believes thoroughly in it. When I was a kid growing up in the Bronx, I couldn't imagine a world that I wanted to be in that didn't have boys. At the time, girls were, I think, far less assertive, far less serious. I had girlfriends, but I enjoyed being around the boys a lot more. I went to Bronx Science, which was about two-thirds boys when I applied to college. I just could not imagine going to an all-girls school. Now, I know the arguments in reverse. I respect them, but it was certainly not for me.”
2023-10-09 · Conversations with Tyler · Re-release: Claudia Goldin on the Economics of Inequality · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“First thing is that I've been reading that page for a very, very long time, and for those viewers who don't know, when I did the piece on name changes, one of the data sets that we used was the New York Times style section now called Vows would list whether the bride was or was not changing her name. So we use that as a data set. But to be perfectly frank, the New York Times in their own mysterious ways has changed that page to be very non, I shouldn't say very, but relative to what it was, non-elite”
2023-10-09 · Conversations with Tyler · Re-release: Claudia Goldin on the Economics of Inequality · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“I don't think any of this is temporary. If anything, I would applaud the fact that we are sort of smoothing over gender and moving, I would think that in the greatest scheme of things, that is a move towards greater equality in the sense that individuals, that there is fluidity in who they are. And I sort of applaud it. I'm not quite certain what to do with it, but I applaud it.”
2023-10-09 · Conversations with Tyler · Re-release: Claudia Goldin on the Economics of Inequality · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Okay, but on forms, forms, the list of potential appellations will always include Ms. Think that one reason that it may disappear, and I think that it's nice if we actually get to know our first names, particularly in community. Any indication of gender that gender has become a no-no, that we have, I'm on a committee now, we're used to a national committee in which we're very used to talking about two genders. And now, so we have two genders, x-races, y ethnicities. You multiply them together and you get the number of cells. And now we're into more genders. So I think that may be one of the reasons.”
2023-10-09 · Conversations with Tyler · Re-release: Claudia Goldin on the Economics of Inequality · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“And then finally, it's what to do when your kids are in school and you have a different name. It's very easy when the plumber comes to the door to tell the plumber, I am not Mrs. Katz, but it would be much harder. It's often hard still, unfortunately, to pick your kid up at school when you have a different last name than they.”
2023-10-09 · Conversations with Tyler · Re-release: Claudia Goldin on the Economics of Inequality · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Question is well, okay, fine, keep your name, but then there were some barriers to that and the barriers then began to be taken down. There were barriers institutional barriers, there were legal barriers in terms of having to change your name with Social Security system on your passport, on your driver's license. There were retrograde states that weren't letting women who got married not change their names. I remember I was at Princeton at the time and I was married to a Princeton professor. I was no longer a professor at Princeton. And the library insisted that I used his name on my cart, despite the fact that I had been an assistant professor there with my name. That was one of the greatest affronts. But all of that disappeared. And so that became once again a great enabler.”
2023-10-09 · Conversations with Tyler · Re-release: Claudia Goldin on the Economics of Inequality · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Right. So for the period in which it increased enormously, which is in the early 70s, there were several things that were important. The first one was that they were given an appellation. So rather than being called Miss or Mrs. they could be called Ms. And that just meant that more and more women could do it. But more importantly, and this gets to the title of the article that I wrote with one of my undergraduates, it was that they've already made a name. So if you publish or you're a lawyer or a doctor or a yoga instructor or a hairdresser and you are known as Tallula Bankhead, the bigger great name, it's going to be hard to change it. It became your identity. It became your calling card.”
2023-10-09 · Conversations with Tyler · Re-release: Claudia Goldin on the Economics of Inequality · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Which if you were plunked down there from somewhere else, you'd be miserable and yet you're there and you recalibrate yourself just like people recalibrate themselves when they have a bad health event. It takes a while. So I'm not certain what to do with the happiness literature.”
2023-10-09 · Conversations with Tyler · Re-release: Claudia Goldin on the Economics of Inequality · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“That's right, it's very hard to do that sort of in general sometimes we rile up a group and get them to remember the things that they're less happy about. And sometimes we show them where their lives are safe and secure and wonderful and plentiful. And then they get happier. So I remember when Dick Easterland first began the happiness literature, I remember very, very well it was a very long time ago having dinner with him in Madison, Wisconsin and talking about it. And I was enthralled with trying to understand this happiness literature. And that was across countries. I seemed sort of interesting from my Chicago theory point of view that people recenter their happiness. So you can be in a place in which”
2023-10-09 · Conversations with Tyler · Re-release: Claudia Goldin on the Economics of Inequality · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Not that great fan of that. I remember Betsy was interviewed on Mother's Day one year. And she was a new mother. And the person interviewing her said, your work shows that mothers are less happy than they had been before they became mothers. And the person said, that was a great question for Mother's Day. And Bessie was stuck. Bessie said, well, yes, but they would never give up their baby. For me as an economist that says it all, there are some problem.”
2023-10-09 · Conversations with Tyler · Re-release: Claudia Goldin on the Economics of Inequality · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“And then they go into something else. I don't think that would work either. I think that a very important thing to think about is that we produce a large number of products. You know, we produce knowledge. And that's really the hardest thing to figure out how to do. But we produce the dissemination of knowledge and teaching. And people who are older probably do that better. And that is not generally what tenure is given for.”
2023-10-09 · Conversations with Tyler · Re-release: Claudia Goldin on the Economics of Inequality · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Yeah, I certainly wouldn't do it because it's a penalty for one group or another. I mean, it is an issue that arose, it solved potentially an issue from some time ago. I don't know if the fundamentals are the same that would support it. It is clearly a difficult problem in the sense that individuals have higher productivity when they're young and then lower productivity. And so I think that having long-term contracts is useful for individuals in fields where they're, you know, so we think about sports. Clearly those people just clean up at the beginning, then they become used car salesmen or whatever they become. So the question is, you know, do we have another completely changed academic environment in which the superstars clean up at some point?”
2023-10-09 · Conversations with Tyler · Re-release: Claudia Goldin on the Economics of Inequality · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“I mean, C swept, that is the American economic association committee on the status of women in the economics profession puts together those data and they are creeping upward as one would think they would now in some very interesting work we can see that they are, I said the word creeping up, you know. And the reason that they're not bounding up at first we thought was a pipeline issue, but now it's pretty clear that it's less that the pipeline issue while it was there and still is there that there's also an issue with the fact that women did more than men will leave academia and use their economic skills extremely well but outside the tender track.”
2023-10-09 · Conversations with Tyler · Re-release: Claudia Goldin on the Economics of Inequality · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“And particularly, it seems as if women more than men would like to deal with humans. And so women will tend to go into this field called psychology or sociology, which indicates in their writings that it's about people. We indicate in our writings that it is about agents or Greek letters. And so we just have to do a lot better.”
2023-10-09 · Conversations with Tyler · Re-release: Claudia Goldin on the Economics of Inequality · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Their parents have told them about, which they find boring, which don't involve people. But economics is a very people-oriented subject. It involves quality. It involves children. It involves obesity. It involves health. It involves everything. And we move the needle a bit. I mean, we're still trying to figure out exactly how much we move the needle. But the problem is that we do very, very poorly in our PR ourselves. So if you read the textbooks and they are changing and there are a number of recent textbooks that understood these problems, that economics is X and Y. It's agents. And most young people don't want to deal with agents. They want to deal with humans.”
2023-10-09 · Conversations with Tyler · Re-release: Claudia Goldin on the Economics of Inequality · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“So it was more like four to one than three to one now about two to one. So it has increased by quite a lot. One of the problems that we have as a field is that when students before they even come into their freshman year and they're asked, what do they want to major in women if they want to major in the social sciences will put down psychology and men will put down economics? So we lose them before they even unpack their suitcases. So I ran an RCT called Undergraduate Women in Economics Challenge and we had 20 universities and colleges, liberal arts colleges, begin a program for freshmen to explain to them that economics is not just about the things that”
2023-10-09 · Conversations with Tyler · Re-release: Claudia Goldin on the Economics of Inequality · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“At younger women versus older women, I think that we do see that women are more competitive now than they certainly were when I was a kid. You know, it's interesting that there's the great buck women don't ask by Linda Babcock and Laschafer. And I remember when that first came out and I said, how can you say women don't ask go to any department store and see who's standing there screaming about the fact that the toaster doesn't work?”
2023-10-09 · Conversations with Tyler · Re-release: Claudia Goldin on the Economics of Inequality · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“So, you know, I know all the experiments that are done by extraordinary scholars. I myself have no idea how to do experimental economics because you could do just about anything and you just have to be incredibly clever at designing these experiments. And I know that there's lots of evidence that women take fewer risks. They are less pushy. They are more insecure. or at least we think that they are more insecure. You know, there's very, very interesting experiments on stockbrokers. But of course, there's the flip side that individuals who are highly risk-taking often lose a lot. So I think that more and more as women are educated at lower levels to realize that they can be anything that they want to be.”
2023-10-09 · Conversations with Tyler · Re-release: Claudia Goldin on the Economics of Inequality · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Guideline that one is looking for that's the smoking gun or whether individuals are getting paid less for example because they're working at the boutique law firm where they have amenities that they want or whether they're working at the Madison Avenue Park Avenue law firm where they have fewer flexible amenities. I think that those are the challenges and the data challenges that we all have.”
2023-10-09 · Conversations with Tyler · Re-release: Claudia Goldin on the Economics of Inequality · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Do all sorts of calculations to try to figure out what's happening within versus between. Of course, one of the problems that we always face is the issue of aggregation. So the more you disaggregate occupations or firm occupation, the more you're going to sort of minimize the problems that are happening within. So my sense from the work that I've done that the issue of occupational segregation, for example, has been vastly reduced over time. What's happening within occupations, the real challenge there is to understand whether individuals are being paid less for absolutely equivalent work within the same firm. And that is the standard federal.”
2023-10-09 · Conversations with Tyler · Re-release: Claudia Goldin on the Economics of Inequality · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Well, I think it can be. I in no way shape or form want to minimize that. And my sense is that gender differences in earnings How much it is affecting the choices that women make and men make, I think is not that gigantic”
2023-10-09 · Conversations with Tyler · Re-release: Claudia Goldin on the Economics of Inequality · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Yes, I think that that's a very, very good way of thinking about it. Thank you for giving me a little bit of theory to hang my head on. But the problem is whether these are multiplicative, whether they're less than that. There really is some issue having to do with functional form. And I don't know whether they are separable. I mean, the way in which you said that they would be separable. I don't know. It's both a very interesting thank you for the idea. I will pass it on to one of my really good graduate students to model and then test. That's a very, very good point.”
2023-10-09 · Conversations with Tyler · Re-release: Claudia Goldin on the Economics of Inequality · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“I would like to take a small course on intersectionality because I'm not certain if I model this as a theorist where the sections are going to be and how I figure out how many sections I want someone has a gender at birth. They have a decided gender perhaps they have a race they have where they grew up they have a religion they have their education of their parents and many of these co-vary they're correlated in fact this would be a great PhD thesis and for all I know someone would tell me sure when Rosen wrote it 40 years ago or something or maybe Eddie Lazier I don't know quite frankly what to do with intersectionality”
2023-10-09 · Conversations with Tyler · Re-release: Claudia Goldin on the Economics of Inequality · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“These are great questions. These remind me of, you know, questions that you might get in some general exam. Why does the wage gap flip? The blackmail wage gap is a very difficult statistic because it's a highly selected statistic. So as we know from lots of very good work, if we take the population the entire population, we'll get one number. If we take the population that's not incarcerated, we'll get another number. We take the population that's never been incarcerated, we'll get another number. So I think that deep in that calculation are some of the nation's largest ills.”
2023-10-09 · Conversations with Tyler · Re-release: Claudia Goldin on the Economics of Inequality · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“That's a good point. But of course, that initial margin is the big margin, the one that gets you into the workplace. And so then you have the issue of selectivity. So the women who are in the workplace and in certain types of workplaces are going to be. Selected either on the basis of personal characteristics or the characteristics of their spouses.”
2023-10-09 · Conversations with Tyler · Re-release: Claudia Goldin on the Economics of Inequality · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“I really don't know. It's a very, very good question. Did they respond in terms of working harder? That's a good question to ask some consultant. I think my answer would be that they both would respond the same, but that women have greater constraints who are parents. And so I can be in a law firm and have phenomenal incentives. I can be an accounting firm with phenomenal incentives. We know what those types of bonuses look like. But if a parent says, I cannot work Thursday mornings and therefore gives up that benefit, that isn't because she's a bad worker and she's not responding to the benefit. It's that her needs are inconsistent with the firm's demands.”
2023-10-09 · Conversations with Tyler · Re-release: Claudia Goldin on the Economics of Inequality · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“I don't know if it's going to keep on going. There was a really great piece in The Times the other day about mainly women with less than a college degree who said, I don't want to get married or have kids right now. I want a career. I want to be financially independent. I don't know whether that means that they are eschewing marriage altogether and that, in fact, we have a new group of women who, even though they don't have higher degrees, are wonderfully financially independent and can raise children in good environments. Obviously, the big issue, and this is the one I think in back of this question, is what's happening to the men. And if we can. Lift the economic opportunities of men who don't have college degrees, then some of the problem, I think, will be solved. That's a big problem.”
2023-10-09 · Conversations with Tyler · Re-release: Claudia Goldin on the Economics of Inequality · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“get out of my own life into someone else's but i think that for many people marriage creates more stability either because they've made a commitment to themselves or those around them see them as more committed and i think the main a main benefit is to children so that children have more stability”
2023-10-09 · Conversations with Tyler · Re-release: Claudia Goldin on the Economics of Inequality · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“I don't think so. I know one. I live with one who I as my sister. First of all, I don't think it's in the training as much as it is in, and I think most people in the business would agree with me that, yes, there's a lot of training for many different fields, accountants, lawyers, consultants. But most of the problem, most of the problem that they would claim there is is in the handing off of information. In the passing off of information with high levels of fidelity and with trust. I think that Is it's led me to trust you even though I can't touch you.”
2023-10-09 · Conversations with Tyler · Re-release: Claudia Goldin on the Economics of Inequality · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Put their foot down and say, I am not working during my vacation, you're going to have to increase their earnings even more. I don't think it's that heavy a lift.”
2023-10-09 · Conversations with Tyler · Re-release: Claudia Goldin on the Economics of Inequality · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“But it doesn't seem that difficult to create a small amount of redundancy to have good substitutes. So all of these firms have professionals think about consulting firms, accounting firms, banks, financial corporations, lawyers. All of them have individuals who are quite special, quite unique. And yet I don't think it takes that much to create a small amount of redundancy so you can have people hand things off. That doesn't mean that you're creating cadres of individuals who are lookalike and who are sort of driving down their own price. But flexibility isn't that difficult to achieve for the individuals who are at that upper end whose earnings you are going to have to increase even more if they”
2023-10-09 · Conversations with Tyler · Re-release: Claudia Goldin on the Economics of Inequality · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“So, the fixed costs here can also be coming from certain labor. So you're saying that from training, but you're saying that the fixed costs are all that capital per laborer has increased.”
2023-10-09 · Conversations with Tyler · Re-release: Claudia Goldin on the Economics of Inequality · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source