YouSaid · the spoken record

Dmitry Korkin

lines on the record: 124
first: 2021-01-11
most recent: 2021-01-11
sittings or episodes: 1
sources: podcast

Every line below is reproduced as it was said and linked to the record it came from. Nothing here is summarised or generated. Directory · Search · Corrections

“So once you have the contact map, the reconstruction is becoming more straightforward. The contact map is the key. And so that what happened. And now we started seeing in this current stage, right, in the most recent one, we started seeing the emergence of these ideas in other people's works. But yet here's alpha fold 2. That again outperforms everyone else, you know, so by introducing yet another wave of the machine learning ideas.”
2021-01-11 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #153 – Dmitry Korkin: Evolution of Proteins, Viruses, Life, and AI · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“And then it was sort of kind of a shockwave to the Bioinformatics community that we have like a state of the art machine learning system that does structure prediction. And essentially what it does, if you look at this, it actually predicts the context. So the process of reconstructing the 3D structure starts by predicting the context between the different parts of the protein. And the context is essentially the part of the proteins that are in close proximity to each other.”
2021-01-11 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #153 – Dmitry Korkin: Evolution of Proteins, Viruses, Life, and AI · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“We could potentially derive some ideas, and that's so called homology or comparative modeling, where we'll derive some ideas from the previously known structures, and that would help us tremendously in reconstructing the 3D structure overall. But what happens when we don't have these relatives? This is when it becomes really, really hard, right? So that's so-called de novo protein structure prediction. And in this case, those methods were traditionally very good. But what happened in the last year, the original alpha fold came into All of a sudden, it's much better than everyone else.”
2021-01-11 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #153 – Dmitry Korkin: Evolution of Proteins, Viruses, Life, and AI · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Exactly, exactly. So what happens is, you know, we typically have some sort of incremental advancement. Each stage of this CUSP competition, you have groups with incremental advancement. And historically, the top performing groups were not using machine learning. They were using very advanced biophysics combined with bioinformatics, combined with the data mining. And that would enable them to obtain proteins structures of those proteins that don't have any structurally solved relatives. Because if we have another protein, say the same protein, but coming from a different...”
2021-01-11 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #153 – Dmitry Korkin: Evolution of Proteins, Viruses, Life, and AI · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Yes. Behind full. Exactly. Exactly. So obviously if we are able to predict the end product Protein folding. We are one step closer to understanding the mechanics of the protein folding because we can then potentially look and start probing what are the critical parts of this process and what are not so critical parts of this. So we can start decomposing this. In the way this protein structure prediction algorithm can be used as a tool. So you change the protein, you get back to this tool, it predicts, okay, it's completely unstable.”
2021-01-11 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #153 – Dmitry Korkin: Evolution of Proteins, Viruses, Life, and AI · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“you don't have the whole protein translated it's still being translated you know getting out from the ribosome you you already see some structural you know fragmentation so so folding Starts happening before the whole protein gets produced. And so this is obviously one of the biggest questions in modern molecular biologies.”
2021-01-11 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #153 – Dmitry Korkin: Evolution of Proteins, Viruses, Life, and AI · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“So, yeah, so the reason it's relevant to our understanding of protein folding is because we've yet to learn how the folding mechanistically works. So there are different hypotheses what happens to this fold. For example, there is a hypothesis that the folding happens by also in the modular fashion. So we have protein domains that get folded independently because their structure is stabled and then the whole protein structure gets formed. But within those domains, we also have so-called secondary structure, the small alpha helices, beta sheets. So these are elements that are structurally stable. And the question is when do they get formed? Because some of the secondary structure elements you have to have a fragment in the beginning and say the fragment in the middle. So you cannot potentially start having the full fault from the get-go.”
2021-01-11 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #153 – Dmitry Korkin: Evolution of Proteins, Viruses, Life, and AI · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Typically what happens during these competitions is scientists, experimental scientists solve the structures, but don't put them into the protein data bank, which is the centralized database that contains all the 3D coordinates. Instead, they hold it and release protein sequences. And now the challenge of the community is to predict 3D structures of these proteins and then use the experimentary solved structures to assess which one is the closest one.”
2021-01-11 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #153 – Dmitry Korkin: Evolution of Proteins, Viruses, Life, and AI · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Is definitely a very exciting achievement. To give you a little bit of perspective, right? So in bioinformatics, we have several competitions. And so the way you often hear how those competitions have been explained to non-bioinformaticians is they call it bioinformatics Olympic games. And there are several disciplines, right? So historically one of the first one was the discipline in predicting the protein structure. Predicting the 3D coordinates of the protein. But there are some others. So the predicting protein functions, predicting effects of mutations on protein functions, then predicting protein-protein interactions. So the original one was CASP or critical assessment of protein structure.”
2021-01-11 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #153 – Dmitry Korkin: Evolution of Proteins, Viruses, Life, and AI · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“I think so. I think so because if you think about this and how we design the most successful algorithms, including alpha fold, right? You built in the knowledge about the domain that you study. So you built in your expertise.”
2021-01-11 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #153 – Dmitry Korkin: Evolution of Proteins, Viruses, Life, and AI · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“not up to the expectations. And so therefore they were replaced by other things. The other one was that completely opposite one, that they were too good. And as a result, they essentially became sort of a household name and then essentially they got transformed. I mean, in both cases, sort of the outcome was the same, they evolved into something. And that's what if If I look at this, right? So the modern machine learning”
2021-01-11 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #153 – Dmitry Korkin: Evolution of Proteins, Viruses, Life, and AI · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“So it's actually a great question, and this is something. you know at my university i teach artificial intelligence and you know we start my first two lectures are on the history of ai and there we you know we try to you know Go through the main stages of AI. And so the question of why expert systems failed or became obsolete is actually a very interesting one. And there are, you know, if you try to read the historical perspectives, there are actually two lines of thoughts. One is that they were essentially”
2021-01-11 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #153 – Dmitry Korkin: Evolution of Proteins, Viruses, Life, and AI · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“So that's every time you deal with projects like this, with the research like this, you just saw the power of the intelligence of these people is just overwhelming.”
2021-01-11 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #153 – Dmitry Korkin: Evolution of Proteins, Viruses, Life, and AI · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Yes. So he So he back then he approached. Yes, believe that. It's amazing. I mean, it still blows my mind, you know, that. This was essentially the Bioinformatics, geminformatics, you know, back in the 60s.”
2021-01-11 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #153 – Dmitry Korkin: Evolution of Proteins, Viruses, Life, and AI · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“And to design this so-called expert system that takes into account takes as an input the mass pack data, the possible database of possible molecules, and essentially try to sort of induce the molecule that would correspond to this spectra. Essentially, what this project ended up being was that it would provide a list of candidates, that then a chemist would look at and make final decision”
2021-01-11 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #153 – Dmitry Korkin: Evolution of Proteins, Viruses, Life, and AI · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“The reason to make this is even crazier. So Leatherberg wanted to make a system that would help him study the extraterrestrial molecules. So the idea was that the way you study the extraterrestrial molecules is you do the mass spec analysis. And so the mass spec gives you sort of numbers about essentially gives you the ideas about the possible fragments or atoms and maybe little fragments, pieces of this molecule that make up the molecule. So now you need to sort of decompose this information and to figure out what was the whole. Before it became fragments, bits and pieces. So in order to make this, to have this tool The idea of Ledberg was to connect chemistry Computer science”
2021-01-11 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #153 – Dmitry Korkin: Evolution of Proteins, Viruses, Life, and AI · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“And so back then he was already very senior. I mean, he unfortunately passed away back in 2008. But, you know, back in 2001, he was a professor emeritus at Rockefeller University. And that was actually, believe it or not one of the reasons I decided to join as a postdoc, the group of Andrei Saleh, who was at Rockefeller University. With the hope that I could actually have a chance to meet Joshua in person. And I met him very briefly, just because he was walking. There is a little bridge that connects the sort of the research campus with the sort of skyscrappers that Rockefeller owns where postdocs and faculty and graduate students live. And so I met him and had a very short conversation. So I started reading about Dendril and I was amazed. We're talking about 1960. The ideas were so profound.”
2021-01-11 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #153 – Dmitry Korkin: Evolution of Proteins, Viruses, Life, and AI · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“And essentially Joshua wrote me that we had conceptually similar ideas in the Dendral project. You may want to look it up.”
2021-01-11 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #153 – Dmitry Korkin: Evolution of Proteins, Viruses, Life, and AI · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“A lot of dumb questions. Yes, I ask questions. Also, share some information about our formulas and how we do and whatever we do makes sense. And so I remember that one of these posts, I mean, I still remember I would call it desperately looking for a chemist advice, something like that, right? And so I posed my question. I explained how our formalism is what it does and what kind of applications I'm planning to do. And it was in the middle of the night. I went back to bed. And next morning, have a phone call from my advisor who also looked at this forum. It's like, you won't believe who replied to you. And it's like, who? He said, well, you know, there is a message from Joshua Lederberg. And my reaction was who is Joshua Let Your tries are hung up”
2021-01-11 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #153 – Dmitry Korkin: Evolution of Proteins, Viruses, Life, and AI · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“And you get an answer from different people. And back then, one of the most popular forums was CCL. I think computational chemistry, not library, but something like that. But CCL, that was the forum. And there I...”
2021-01-11 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #153 – Dmitry Korkin: Evolution of Proteins, Viruses, Life, and AI · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Ones that make up the chemical, the key chemical properties of this therapeutic category. And for me, it was something new. I was trained as an applied mathematician with some machine learning background. But computer drug design was completely new territory. So because of that, I often find myself asking lots of questions on one of the sort of central forums. Back then, there were no Facebooks or stuff like that. What's a forum? It's a forum. It's essentially, it's like a bulletin board.”
2021-01-11 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #153 – Dmitry Korkin: Evolution of Proteins, Viruses, Life, and AI · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“I have a kind of personal story to share. So I started my PhD in Canada back in 2000. And so essentially my PhD. Machine learning is different from the feature based machine learning. And one of the sort of cleanest applications of this approach, of this formalism, was to caminformatics and computer-aided drug design. So essentially part of my research, I developed a system that essentially looked at chemical compounds of say the same therapeutic category, you know, male hormones, right? And tried to figure out the structural fragments that are the structural building blocks that are important that define this class versus structural building blocks that are there just because to complete the structure. But they are not essentially”
2021-01-11 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #153 – Dmitry Korkin: Evolution of Proteins, Viruses, Life, and AI · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“I would say there would be carbon base. How similar? It's a big question, right? So the moment we discover things outside Earth, right? Even if it's a tiny little single cell. I mean there is so much”
2021-01-11 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #153 – Dmitry Korkin: Evolution of Proteins, Viruses, Life, and AI · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“I certainly do hope that we find life. I mean, it was very exciting to hear about this news about the possible life on Venus.”
2021-01-11 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #153 – Dmitry Korkin: Evolution of Proteins, Viruses, Life, and AI · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“We're exciting. I don't know which. If you ask me, I, you know, in a way, I put a parallel between our own research. I mean, from the intuitive perspective, you have those two extremes. And the reality is never very rarely... Falls into the extremes. It's always the optimums always reached somewhere in between. So, and that's what I tend to think. I think that we're probably somewhere in between. So there were not. Unique, but again, the chances are reasonably small.”
2021-01-11 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #153 – Dmitry Korkin: Evolution of Proteins, Viruses, Life, and AI · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“I think that there was everything Right, in a way, right? So still, it's not the conditions were not like ideal if you try to look at what was several billions years ago when the life emerged.”
2021-01-11 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #153 – Dmitry Korkin: Evolution of Proteins, Viruses, Life, and AI · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Probably not the best person to do such estimations. I would, you know, intuitively, I would probably put it lower But still, I mean, you know,”
2021-01-11 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #153 – Dmitry Korkin: Evolution of Proteins, Viruses, Life, and AI · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“The question is very interesting, right? So if there is some alien life, Is it going to be made of proteins There might be RNAs, right? So we see that the RNA viruses are certainly very well established sort of Group of molecular machines, right? So, yeah, it's a very interesting question.”
2021-01-11 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #153 – Dmitry Korkin: Evolution of Proteins, Viruses, Life, and AI · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Yeah, so I think back in 2018, that was a very exciting paper published in Nature where they found One of the simplest amino acids, glyc In the comet dust So, this is, I apologize if I don't pronounce it's a Russian named comet. It's, I think, a This is the comment, and there was this mission to get close to this comment and get the stardust from its tail. And when scientists analyzed it, they actually found traces of glycine, which makes up it's one of the basic, one of the 20 basic I mean, ISIS that makes up proteins, right? So that was kind of very exciting, right?”
2021-01-11 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #153 – Dmitry Korkin: Evolution of Proteins, Viruses, Life, and AI · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Maybe sort of the goal is in a way different, right? So the goal is to essentially optimize your search, but sort of the ideas are there. People recognize that the recombination events lead to global changes in the search trajectories, the mutations event, the more refined step in the church. Then you have other nature inspired algorithm, right? So one of the recent that I think it's one of the funnest one is the slime-based algorithm, right? So I think the first was introduced by the Japanese group where it was able to solve some pretty complex problems. So that's and then I think there are still a lot of things we've yet to borrow from the nature. So there are a lot of sort of ideas that nature Guests to offer us that it's up to us to grab it and to get the best use of it.”
2021-01-11 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #153 – Dmitry Korkin: Evolution of Proteins, Viruses, Life, and AI · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“And if you think about this, I mean, you know, the bits and pieces are there, you know. So you mentioned the evolutionary algorithm, right? So this is sort of.”
2021-01-11 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #153 – Dmitry Korkin: Evolution of Proteins, Viruses, Life, and AI · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“I mean, it's almost like you take the sort of the area of intelligent agents, right? Which are essentially the independent Codes that run and interact and exchange the information So I don't see why not. I mean, it could be sort of a natural evolution in this area of computer science.”
2021-01-11 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #153 – Dmitry Korkin: Evolution of Proteins, Viruses, Life, and AI · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“And of course, it's a function of a programming language. But yeah, I remember long, long, long time ago when we tried to make it shorter and short and find the shortcuts.”
2021-01-11 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #153 – Dmitry Korkin: Evolution of Proteins, Viruses, Life, and AI · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“You know, when I was a kid, so you know, it was essentially one of the sort of main stages in informatics Olympiads. That you have to reach in order to be any so good is you should be able to write a program that replicates itself. And so the tax then becomes even more complicated. So, what is the shortest?”
2021-01-11 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #153 – Dmitry Korkin: Evolution of Proteins, Viruses, Life, and AI · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“So there is a close interplay to that. It's not always, I mean, otherwise it would be too simple, right? But we do see the connection between those sort of machineries. And obviously the evolution will pick up this complexity and select.”
2021-01-11 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #153 – Dmitry Korkin: Evolution of Proteins, Viruses, Life, and AI · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“It's not random we, and this is where I think now the appearance of this modern single cell and before that tissue level sequencing, next generation sequencing techniques such as RNA-seq, allows us to see that these are the events that often happen in response, it's a dynamic event that happens in response to disease or in response to certain developmental stage of a cell. And this is an incredibly complex layer that also undergoes, I mean, because it's at the gene level, right? So it undergoes certain evolution, right? And now we have this interplay between what is happening in the protein world and what is happening. in the gene and RNA world. And for example, it's often that we see that the boundaries of this exons. Coincide was the boundaries of the protein domains.”
2021-01-11 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #153 – Dmitry Korkin: Evolution of Proteins, Viruses, Life, and AI · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Fragments of the protein that no longer there were cut out with the introns. Sometimes you will essentially take one exon and replace it with another one.”
2021-01-11 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #153 – Dmitry Korkin: Evolution of Proteins, Viruses, Life, and AI · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“The gene is no longer equal to one protein. It actually can produce multiple functionally active protein products. And each of them is called an alternatively spliced product. The reason it happens is that if you look at the gene, it actually has also blocks. And the blocks, some of which, and it essentially it goes like this. So we have a block that will later be translated, we call it exon, then we'll have a block that is not translated, cut out. We call it intron. So we have exon Intron, Exxon, intron, etc., etc. So sometimes you can have dozens of these exons and introns. So, what happens is during the process when the gene is converted to RNA. We have things that are cut out, the introns that cut out and exons that now get assembled together. And sometimes we will throw out some of the exons.”
2021-01-11 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #153 – Dmitry Korkin: Evolution of Proteins, Viruses, Life, and AI · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“So, alternative splicing, so it's a very cool concept, it's something that we've been fascinated about for over a decade in my lab and trying to do research was that. So typically a simplistic perspective is that one gene is equal one protein product. So you have a gene, you transcribe it and translate it and it becomes a protein. In reality, when we talk about eukaryotes, especially sort of More recent eukaryotes that are very complex.”
2021-01-11 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #153 – Dmitry Korkin: Evolution of Proteins, Viruses, Life, and AI · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“But on top of that, right, just this linker itself, because it's so flexible, it actually can adapt to a lot of different shapes. And therefore, it's a very good interactor when it comes to interaction between this protein and other protein. So these things also evolve and they in a way have different sort of laws of driving laws that underlie the evolution because they no longer need to preserve certain structure, unlike protein domains. And so on top of that, you have something that is even less studied. And this is something that attributes to the concept of alternative splicing.”
2021-01-11 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #153 – Dmitry Korkin: Evolution of Proteins, Viruses, Life, and AI · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Domains that connect the domains. And apart from the simple perspective, if you have a very short domain, a very short linker, you have two domains next to each other. They are forced to be next to each other. If you have a very long one, you have the domains that are extremely flexible and they carry out a lot of sort of spatial reorganization, right?”
2021-01-11 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #153 – Dmitry Korkin: Evolution of Proteins, Viruses, Life, and AI · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“So we do have tails, so they call termini, C and N termini. So these are things right on one and another ends of the protein sequence. So they are also very important. So they attribute it to very specific interactions between the proteins.”
2021-01-11 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #153 – Dmitry Korkin: Evolution of Proteins, Viruses, Life, and AI · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Domain into fragments, and it's, you know, once you have the domain split, you actually can completely cancel out its function or at the very least you can reduce it. And that's not efficient from the point of view of the self-functioning. The protein domain level is a very important one now. On top of that, right? So if you look at the proteins, right? So you have these structural units and they carry out the function. But then much less is known about things that connect this protein domains. Something that we called linkers. And those linkers are completely flexible parts of the protein that nevertheless carry out a lot of function.”
2021-01-11 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #153 – Dmitry Korkin: Evolution of Proteins, Viruses, Life, and AI · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Later stages of evolution. I mean, once this stable structurally and functionally building blocks were discovered, they essentially stay those domains stay as such. So that's why if you start comparing different proteins, you will see that many of them will have similar fragments. And those fragments will correspond to something that we call protein domain families. And so they are still different because you still have mutations and the different mutations are attributed to diversification of the function of this protein domain. However, you very rarely see the evolutionary events that would split the”
2021-01-11 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #153 – Dmitry Korkin: Evolution of Proteins, Viruses, Life, and AI · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“So I think if I were to pick a single keyword about protein evolution, I would pick modularity, something that we talked about in the beginning, and that's the fact that the proteins are no longer considered as a sequence of letters. There are hierarchical complexities in the way these proteins are organized and these complexities are actually going beyond the protein sequence. It's actually going all the way back to the gene, to the nucleotide sequence. And so, you know, again, this protein domains, they are not only functional building blocks, they are also evolutionary building blocks. And so what we see in the late...”
2021-01-11 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #153 – Dmitry Korkin: Evolution of Proteins, Viruses, Life, and AI · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Something more in a way more efficient from the point of view of this virus functioning. That's sort of the obvious example. But if you look at each of these proteins, I mean, it's there for a reason. It performs certain function. And it could be that certain mutations will enhance this function. It could be that some mutations will make this function much less efficient. So that's also the case.”
2021-01-11 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #153 – Dmitry Korkin: Evolution of Proteins, Viruses, Life, and AI · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“So it's a very good question, and the short answer is we don't know yet. But, of course, there is capacity of this virus to become more efficient. The reason for that is, so if you look at the virus, I mean, it's a machine, right? So it's a machine that does a lot of different functions. And many of these functions are sort of nearly perfect, but they are not perfect. And those mutations can make those functions more perfect. For example, the attachment to ACE2 receptor of the spike. Has this virus reached the efficiency in which the attachment is carried out? Or there are some mutations that still to be discovered, right, that will make this attachment sort of stronger or, you know,”
2021-01-11 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #153 – Dmitry Korkin: Evolution of Proteins, Viruses, Life, and AI · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“But I think it's important to study it. No doubts, right? So I think one of the to me, and again, I might be biased because we've been trying to do that as well. But one of the critical directions in understanding the virus is to understand its evolution in order to sort of understand the mechanisms, the key mechanisms that lead the virus to jump the Nordic viruses to jump from species to another, that the mechanisms that lead the virus to become resistant to vaccines also to treatments. And hopefully that knowledge was will enable us to sort of forecast the evolutionary traces, the future evolutionary traces of those virus.”
2021-01-11 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #153 – Dmitry Korkin: Evolution of Proteins, Viruses, Life, and AI · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Exactly. Obviously, there are mutations around vaccine. So the reason we get vaccinated every year against the season of the vaccine.”
2021-01-11 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #153 – Dmitry Korkin: Evolution of Proteins, Viruses, Life, and AI · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Well, I mean, there is always this thought in the scientist's mind, what will happen, right? So I know there have been discussions about sort of the arms race between the ability of the humanity to get vaccinated faster than the virus. Essentially, becomes resistant to the vaccine. I don't worry. That much simply because there is not that much evidence to that.”
2021-01-11 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #153 – Dmitry Korkin: Evolution of Proteins, Viruses, Life, and AI · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source