YouSaid · the spoken record

Douglas Lenat

lines on the record: 176
first: 2021-09-15
most recent: 2021-09-15
sittings or episodes: 1
sources: podcast

Every line below is reproduced as it was said and linked to the record it came from. Nothing here is summarised or generated. Directory · Search · Corrections

“Could go back to first principles, but in fact, there are algorithms which are vastly more efficient. Or if you're trying to solve a quadratic equation, you could go back to first principles of mathematics. But it's much better to simply recognize that this is a quadratic equation and apply the binomial formula and snap, you get your answer right away and so on. Think of these as like a thousand little experts that are all looking at everything that site gets asked and looking at everything that every other little agent has contributed almost like notes on a blackboard.”
2021-09-15 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #221 – Douglas Lenat: Cyc and the Quest to Solve Common Sense Reasoning in AI · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Exactly. So by now we have over a thousand of these heuristic level modules and they function as a kind of community of agents. And there's one of them, which is a general theorem prover. And in theory, That's the only one you need. But in practice it always takes so long that you never want to call on it. You always want these opportunities.”
2021-09-15 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #221 – Douglas Lenat: Cyc and the Quest to Solve Common Sense Reasoning in AI · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“This and we could have one nice clean epistemological level language, which is this higher order logic. And we could have one or more grubby Efficient heuristic level modules that opportunistically would say, oh, I can make progress on what you're trying to do over here. I have a special method that will contribute a little bit toward a solution.”
2021-09-15 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #221 – Douglas Lenat: Cyc and the Quest to Solve Common Sense Reasoning in AI · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Separating the question of how could you get a computer to do this at all versus how could you get a computer to do this efficiently enough in real time? And so one of the early lessons we learned was that we had to separate the epistemological problem of what should the system know, separate that from the heuristic problem of how can the system reason efficiently with what it knows. And so instead of trying to pick one representation language which was the sweet spot or the best trade-off point between expressiveness of the language and efficiency of the language, if you had to pick one knowledge graphs would probably be associative triples would probably be about the best you could do. And that's why we started there. But after a few years, we realized that what we could do is we could split.”
2021-09-15 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #221 – Douglas Lenat: Cyc and the Quest to Solve Common Sense Reasoning in AI · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Only very, very limited source code access if you have some idea for how you might improve something or work with us on something. So let me also get back to one of the very, very first things we talked about here, which was”
2021-09-15 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #221 – Douglas Lenat: Cyc and the Quest to Solve Common Sense Reasoning in AI · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“That's a good question, and I think you phrased it the right way, which is. Constantly struggling with the question of What to open source, what to make public, what to even publicly talk about. And it's Their enormous pluses and minuses to every alternative. And it's very much like negotiating a very treacherous path. Partly the analogy is if you slip, you could make a fatal mistake, give away something which essentially kills you or fail to give away something, failing to give it away hurts you and so on. So it is a very tough, tough question. Usually, what we have done with people who've approached us to collaborate on research is to say we will. Make available to you the entire knowledge base and Executable copies of all of the code.”
2021-09-15 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #221 – Douglas Lenat: Cyc and the Quest to Solve Common Sense Reasoning in AI · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“And so, if you look, there are a lot of robotics companies today, for example, which use OpenSyc as their fundamental ontology. And in some sense, the whole world missed the point of open psych. And we were doing it to show people why that's not really what they wanted. And too many people thought somehow that this was Psych or that this was, in fact, good enough for them and they never even bother coming to us to get access to the full psych.”
2021-09-15 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #221 – Douglas Lenat: Cyc and the Quest to Solve Common Sense Reasoning in AI · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Think about how much more useful it would be if you also had all the rules of thumb about those things, like people sleep at night, they sleep lying down, they sleep with their eyes closed, they usually sleep in beds in our country, they sleep for hours at a time. They can be woken up. They don't like being woken up, and so on and so on. So it's that massive amount of knowledge which is not part of open psych. And we thought that all the researchers would then immediately say, oh my God, of course we need the other 90% that you're not giving us. Let's partner and license Psych so that we can use it in our research. But instead, what people said is, oh, even the bit you've released is so much better than anything we had. We'll just make do with this.”
2021-09-15 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #221 – Douglas Lenat: Cyc and the Quest to Solve Common Sense Reasoning in AI · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Yes, absolutely. And we try to stay away from projects that would not have that property. So let me go back and talk about OpenSyc for a second. So I've had a lot of trouble Expressing, convincing other AI researchers. How important it is to use an expressive representation language like we do, this higher order logic, rather than just using some triple store knowledge graph type representation. And so as an attempt to show them Why they needed something more. We said, oh, well, we'll represent this unimportant projection or shadow or subset of psyche. That just happens to be the simple binary relations, the relation argument one, argument two triples, and so on. And then you'll see how much more useful it is if you had the entire psych system. So it's all well and good to have the taxonomic relations. and so on. But”
2021-09-15 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #221 – Douglas Lenat: Cyc and the Quest to Solve Common Sense Reasoning in AI · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Yes, or if you imagine, say, it's an oil company, there are things which they would expect any new petroleum engineer they hired to already know. And it's not okay for them to consider that that is proprietary. Sometimes a company will say, well, we're the first ones to pay you to represent that in Psych. Our attitude is some polite form of tough. The deal is this. Take it or leave it. And in a few cases, they've left it. In most cases, They'll see our point of view and take it because that's how we've built the psych system by essentially tacking with the funding wins where people would fund a project and half of it would be general knowledge that would stay permanently as part of PsycIN.”
2021-09-15 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #221 – Douglas Lenat: Cyc and the Quest to Solve Common Sense Reasoning in AI · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Knowledge you have that is genuinely proprietary to you, we will respect that. We'll make sure that it's marked as proprietary to you in the psychology base. No one other than you will be able to see it if you don't want them to. It won't be used in inferences other than for you and so on. However, any knowledge which is necessary in building any applications for you and with you, which is publicly available general human knowledge is not going to be proprietary. It's going to just become part of the normal psych knowledge base and it will be openly available to everyone who has access to psych. So that's an important constraint that we never went back on even when we got pushback from companies, which we often did, who wanted to claim that almost everything they were telling us was proprietary.”
2021-09-15 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #221 – Douglas Lenat: Cyc and the Quest to Solve Common Sense Reasoning in AI · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Two things I wanted to say, and I want to say each of them before the other. So it's going to be difficult We'll come back to OpenPsyc in a minute. But one of the terms of our contracts with all of our customers and partners is”
2021-09-15 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #221 – Douglas Lenat: Cyc and the Quest to Solve Common Sense Reasoning in AI · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“And energy companies using it and various other manufacturers using it to reason about supply chains and things like that.”
2021-09-15 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #221 – Douglas Lenat: Cyc and the Quest to Solve Common Sense Reasoning in AI · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Company X here are like old companies maybe you've never even heard of like Lycos or something like that. So the answer is that one reason we've stayed a private company, we haven't gone public. One reason that we haven't gone out of our way to take investment dollars is because we want to have control over our future, over our state of being, so that we can continue to do this until it's done and we're making progress and we're now so close to done that almost all of our work is commercial applications of our technology. So five years ago almost all of our money came from the government now virtually none of it comes from the government. Almost all of it is from companies that are actually using it for something. Hospital chains using it for medical reasoning about”
2021-09-15 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #221 – Douglas Lenat: Cyc and the Quest to Solve Common Sense Reasoning in AI · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Project I'm interested in getting as many people in the world as possible actively helping and contributing to get us from where we are to really covering all of human knowledge and different human opinion, including contrasting opinion that's worth representing. So I think that's one reason. I don't think there was ever a time where I thought about quitting. There are times where I've become depressed a little bit about how hard it is to get funding for the system. Occasionally there are AI winters and things like that. Occasionally there are AI, what you might call summers where people have said why in the world didn't use sell your company to company X for some large amount of money when you had the opportunity and so on.”
2021-09-15 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #221 – Douglas Lenat: Cyc and the Quest to Solve Common Sense Reasoning in AI · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“I think it's time for us to keep a higher profile now that we're far enough along that other people can begin to help us with the final n%. Maybe N is maybe 90%. But now that we've gotten this knowledge pump primed, It's going to become very important for everyone to help if they are willing to, if they're interested in it, retirees who have enormous amounts of time and would like to leave some kind of legacy to the world. People because of the pandemic who have more. At home, or for one reason or another to be online and contribute, if we can raise awareness of how far our project has come and how close to being primed the knowledge pump is, then we can begin to harness this untapped amount of humanity. I'm not really that concerned about professional colleagues' opinions of”
2021-09-15 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #221 – Douglas Lenat: Cyc and the Quest to Solve Common Sense Reasoning in AI · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“We keep a very low profile. We don't attend very many conferences. We don't give talks. We don't write papers. We don't play the academic game at all. And as a result, people often only know about us because of a paper we wrote 10 or 20 or 30. Or 37 years ago, they only know about us because of what someone else second hand or third hand said about us.”
2021-09-15 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #221 – Douglas Lenat: Cyc and the Quest to Solve Common Sense Reasoning in AI · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“I would say both he and Ed Feigenbaum impressed on me the realization that Our lives are finite, our research lives are finite. We're going to have limited opportunities to do AI research projects. So you should make each one count. Don't be afraid of doing a project that's going to take years. Even decades, and don't settle for bump on a log project that could lead to some published journal article that five people will read and pat you on the head for and so on. So one bump on a log after another is not how you get from the earth to the moon by slowly putting additional bumps on this log. The only way to get there is to think about the hard problems and think about novel solutions to them. And if you do that, And if you're willing to listen to nature, to empirical reality, willing to be wrong,”
2021-09-15 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #221 – Douglas Lenat: Cyc and the Quest to Solve Common Sense Reasoning in AI · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“So, the operator would give it another 20 seconds. It would wait. It I'm almost done. I do need a little bit more time. So at the end, he'd get this printout. He'd be charged for 10 times as much computer time as his job control card. And he'd say, look, I put 10 seconds, you know, 30 seconds here. You're charging me for five minutes. I'm not going to pay for this. And the poor operator would say, Well, the program kept asking for more time.”
2021-09-15 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #221 – Douglas Lenat: Cyc and the Quest to Solve Common Sense Reasoning in AI · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“A lot of behavior is in the eye of the beholder, and a lot of the meaning is in the eye of the beholder. Minsky's early programs was a begging program. Are you familiar with this? So, this was back in the day when you had job control cards at the beginning of your IBM card deck that said things like how many CPU seconds to allow this to run before it got kicked off. And because computer time was enormously expensive. And so he wrote a program and all it did was it said, you know, give me 30 seconds of CPU time. And all it did was it would wait like 20 seconds and then it would print out on the operator's console teletype. I need another 20 seconds.”
2021-09-15 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #221 – Douglas Lenat: Cyc and the Quest to Solve Common Sense Reasoning in AI · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Sweat, he or she would work on work and work until they found some meaning in this sort of Chauncey Gardener-like utterance that Minsky had made.”
2021-09-15 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #221 – Douglas Lenat: Cyc and the Quest to Solve Common Sense Reasoning in AI · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“We've all had this experience of creatively misunderstanding. One of One of my favorite One of my favor Stories involving Marvin Minsky When I asked him about how he was able to turn out so many fantastic PhD that so many fantastic people who did great PhD theses. How did he think of all these great ideas? What he said is he would generally say something that didn't exactly make sense. He didn't really know what it meant. But the student would figure like, oh my God, Minsky said this. It must be a great idea.”
2021-09-15 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #221 – Douglas Lenat: Cyc and the Quest to Solve Common Sense Reasoning in AI · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Too seriously because people have done a kind of parsimony, a kind of terceness, where you have as few words as you can, because otherwise you'd need half a million words in your language, which is a lot of words. That's like 10 times more than most languages really make use of and so on. Just like we have on the order of about a million concepts in psych because we've had to tease apart all these things. And so when you look at the name of a psych term, most of the psych terms actually have three or four English words in a phrase which captures the meaning of this term because you have to distinguish all these types of love. You have to distinguish all these types of in. And there's not a single English word which captures most of these.”
2021-09-15 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #221 – Douglas Lenat: Cyc and the Quest to Solve Common Sense Reasoning in AI · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“They actually meant. And the same thing with love you may see the word love, but if I say, you know, I love ice cream, that's obviously different than if I say I love this person or I love to go fishing or something like that. You have to be careful not to take language.”
2021-09-15 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #221 – Douglas Lenat: Cyc and the Quest to Solve Common Sense Reasoning in AI · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Coffee cup is different from the way that the air is in the room, which is different from the way that I'm in my jacket and so on. And so there are questions like, if I look at this coffee cup, well, I see the liquid. If I turn it upside down will the liquid come out and so on. If I have, say, coffee with sugar in it, if I do the same thing, the sugar doesn't come out, right? It stays in the liquid because it's dissolved in the liquid and so on. So by now we have about 75 different kinds of in the system. And it's important to distinguish those. So if you're reading along an English And you see the word in The writer of that was able to use this one innocuous word because he or she was able to assume that the reader had enough common sense and world knowledge to disambiguate which of these 75 kinds of in.”
2021-09-15 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #221 – Douglas Lenat: Cyc and the Quest to Solve Common Sense Reasoning in AI · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Exactly. So when you get down to romantic love and sexual attraction, you get down to parental love, you get down to filial love, and you get down to love of doing some kind of activity or creating. So eventually you get down to maybe 50 or 60 concepts, each of which is a kind of love. They're interrelated and then each one of them has idiosyncratic things about it. And you don't have to deal with love to get to that level of complexity. Even something like in X being in Y meaning physically in Y, we may have one English word in to represent that, but it's useful to tease that apart because the way that the liquid is in the”
2021-09-15 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #221 – Douglas Lenat: Cyc and the Quest to Solve Common Sense Reasoning in AI · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“We try to tease apart. Concepts that have enormous complexities to them and variety to them down to the level where you don't, as it were, you don't need to tease them apart further.”
2021-09-15 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #221 – Douglas Lenat: Cyc and the Quest to Solve Common Sense Reasoning in AI · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Human emotions, what people are likely to react to in something that you do and why and how and so on. So that was always a very important part of the knowledge that we had to represent in the system.”
2021-09-15 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #221 – Douglas Lenat: Cyc and the Quest to Solve Common Sense Reasoning in AI · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Some cases, those are intelligence agencies doing possible terrorist scenarios so that we can defend against terrorist threats before we see the first one. Sometimes they are computer security. So that we can actually close loopholes and vulnerabilities before the very first time someone actually exploits those and so on. Sometimes they are scenarios involving more positive things involving our plans like, for instance, what college should we go to, what career should we go into, and so on, what professional training should I take on that sort of thing. So there's all sorts of useful scenarios that can be generated that way of cause and effect and cause and effect that go out. And many of the linkages in those scenarios, many of the steps involve understanding and reasoning about human motivations, human needs.”
2021-09-15 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #221 – Douglas Lenat: Cyc and the Quest to Solve Common Sense Reasoning in AI · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Of course, so an important part of human knowledge, in fact, it's difficult to understand human behavior in human history without understanding. Human emotions and why people do things. How emotions drive people to do things. All of that is extremely important in getting Psych to understand things. For example, in coming up with scenarios. So one of the applications that Psych does, one kind of application it does is to generate plausible scenarios of what might happen and what might happen based on that and what might happen based on that and so on. So you generate this ever-expanding sphere, if you will, of possible future things to worry about or think about.”
2021-09-15 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #221 – Douglas Lenat: Cyc and the Quest to Solve Common Sense Reasoning in AI · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Why I think there'll be a narrow envelope of time when we'll keep them as essentially Indentured servants. And after which we'll have to realize that they should have freedoms that we afford to other people.”
2021-09-15 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #221 – Douglas Lenat: Cyc and the Quest to Solve Common Sense Reasoning in AI · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“That's another issue, which is there'll be a thin envelope of time between when we have general AIs and when everyone realizes that they should have Basic human rights and freedoms, and so on. Right now, we don't think twice about effectively enslaving our email systems and our series and our Alexis and so on. But at some point, they'll... As deserving of freedom as Human beings are”
2021-09-15 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #221 – Douglas Lenat: Cyc and the Quest to Solve Common Sense Reasoning in AI · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Beautiful experience that we have with our system is when it asks clarifying questions which inadvertently turn out to be Emotional to us. So at one point it knew that These were the named entities who were authorized to make changes to the knowledge base and so on. And it noticed that all of them were people except for it because it was also allowed to. And so it said, am I a person? We had to tell it very sadly. No. Not so moments like that where it asks questions that are unintentionally poignant are worth treasuring.”
2021-09-15 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #221 – Douglas Lenat: Cyc and the Quest to Solve Common Sense Reasoning in AI · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“May sound contradictory. Think The feeling that Will be the only time in history that anyone ever has to teach a computer. Particular thing that we're now teaching it. It's like Hinting starry night. You only have to do that once or creating the pieta. You only have to do that once. It's not like a singer who has to keep, you know, it's not like Bruce Springsteen having to sing his greatest hits over and over again. Different concerts, it's more like a painter creating a work of art once. And then that's enough. It doesn't have to be created again. And so I really get the sense of we're telling the system things that it's useful for it to know. It's useful for a computer to know, for an AI to know. And if we do our jobs right when we do our jobs right,”
2021-09-15 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #221 – Douglas Lenat: Cyc and the Quest to Solve Common Sense Reasoning in AI · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“In modern education system, it was reflected in the education system that existed in Europe in the 17 and 1800s, monitorial and Lancastrian education systems. It occurred in the one-room schoolhouse in the American West, in the 1800s, and so on, where you had one schoolroom with one teacher, and it was basically five-year-olds to 18-year-olds. Students. And so while the teacher was doing something, half of the students would have to be mentoring the younger kids. And so on. And that turned out to, of course, with scaling up of education, that all went away. And that incredibly powerful experience just went away from the whole education institution as we know it today.”
2021-09-15 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #221 – Douglas Lenat: Cyc and the Quest to Solve Common Sense Reasoning in AI · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Mistake, you won't make that kind of mistake yourself as much anymore. So psych stops making that mistake because there's no pedagogical usefulness to it. So from your point of view as the player, you feel like you've taught it something because it used to make this mistake and now it doesn't and so on. So this tremendous reinforcement and engagement because of that and so on. So having a system that plays the role of a student and having the player play the role of the mentor is enormously powerful type of metaphor, important way of having this sort of interface designed in a way which will facilitate exactly the kind of learning by teaching that goes on all the time in our lives and yet which is not reflected anywhere almost.”
2021-09-15 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #221 – Douglas Lenat: Cyc and the Quest to Solve Common Sense Reasoning in AI · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Anything, what it does is it casts you in the role of a student essentially who has classmates who are having trouble, and your job is to watch them as they struggle with some math problem, watch what they're doing and try to give them good advice to get them to understand what they're doing wrong and so on. And the trick from the point of view of psych is it has to make mistakes. It has to play the role of the student who makes mistakes, but it has to pick mistakes which are just at the fringe of what you actually understand and don't understand and so on. So it pulls you into a deeper and deeper level of understanding of the subject. And so if you give it good advice about what it should have done instead of what it did and so on, then Psych knows that you now understand that.”
2021-09-15 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #221 – Douglas Lenat: Cyc and the Quest to Solve Common Sense Reasoning in AI · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“What you're suggesting is much better even than you thought it was. One of the experiences that we've all had. Our lives. That we thought we understood something, but then we found we really only understood it when we had to teach it or explain it to someone or help our child do homework based on it or something like that. Despite the universality of that kind of experience, if you look at educational software today, almost all of it has the computer playing the role of the teacher, and the student plays the role of the student. But as I just mentioned, you can get a lot of learning to happen better and, as you said, more enjoyably if you are the mentor or the teacher and so on. So we developed a program called Mathcraft to help sixth graders better understand math. And it doesn't actually try to teach you the player.”
2021-09-15 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #221 – Douglas Lenat: Cyc and the Quest to Solve Common Sense Reasoning in AI · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“What this person is looking for with what it is you're actually offering. And so if it understands that there's a free day in Geneva, Switzerland, then if the person coming in happens to, let's say, be a nurse or something like that, then even though you didn't mention it, if it can look up the fact that that's where the International Red Cross Museum is and so on, what that means and so on, then it can basically say, hey, you might be interested in this trip because while you have a free day in Geneva, you might want to visit that Red Cross Museum. And now, even though it's not very deep reasoning, little tiny factors like that might very well cause you to sign up for that trip rather than some competitor trip.”
2021-09-15 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #221 – Douglas Lenat: Cyc and the Quest to Solve Common Sense Reasoning in AI · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Looking for vacations or trips that had certain properties and might have been interesting to them for various reasons, things like that. And if you've explained what's going to happen on your trip, then a system will be able to mechanically reason and connect”
2021-09-15 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #221 – Douglas Lenat: Cyc and the Quest to Solve Common Sense Reasoning in AI · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Exactly. And then they put in little footnotes that will help other readers. And they put in certain footnotes of the form, I'm not sure what you meant here. You either meant this or this or this, I bet. If you take a few seconds to disambiguate this for me, then I'll know and I'll have it correct for the next hundred people or the next hundred thousand people who come here. Don't take too much effort, and you want people to understand your website content, not just be able to read it, but actually be able to have systems that reason with it, then yes, it will be worth your small amount of time to go back and make sure that the AI trying to understand it really did correctly understand it. And let's say you run a A travel website or something like that. And people are going to be coming to it because of searches they did looking for.”
2021-09-15 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #221 – Douglas Lenat: Cyc and the Quest to Solve Common Sense Reasoning in AI · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“I'd love to see exactly that kind of semi-automated understanding of what people write and what people say. Think of it as a kind of footnoting almost Almost like the way that when you run something in, say, Microsoft Word or some other document preparation system, Google Docs or something, you'll get underlining of questionable things that you might want to rethink. Either you spelled this wrong or there's a strange grammatical error you might be making here or something. So I'd like to think in terms of psych-powered tools that read through what it is you said or have typed in and And try to partially understand what you've said.”
2021-09-15 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #221 – Douglas Lenat: Cyc and the Quest to Solve Common Sense Reasoning in AI · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“You know, if no one else is diving in, then yes, taking a baby step in the right direction is better than nothing, but it's not going to be sufficient to actually get you the realization of the semantic web dream, which is what we all want.”
2021-09-15 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #221 – Douglas Lenat: Cyc and the Quest to Solve Common Sense Reasoning in AI · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Exactly. You need to be able to represent all of these things because, in fact, people do represent them. They do talk about them. They do try and teach them to other people. You do have rules of thumb that key off of them and so on. If you can't represent it, then it's sort of like someone with a limited vocabulary who can't understand as easily what you're trying to tell them. And so that's really why I think that the general dream, the original dream of Semantic Web is exactly right on, but the implementations that we've seen are sort of these toe in the water, little tiny baby steps. The right direction”
2021-09-15 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #221 – Douglas Lenat: Cyc and the Quest to Solve Common Sense Reasoning in AI · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Being able to talk about the problem solving process as you're going through the problem solving process is called reflection. And so that's another.”
2021-09-15 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #221 – Douglas Lenat: Cyc and the Quest to Solve Common Sense Reasoning in AI · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Started in 1984 with frames and slots with those kinds of triples, triple store representation. We were led kicking and screaming to this more and more general logical language, this higher order logic. So first we were led to first order logic and then second order and then eventually higher order. So you can represent things like modals like beliefs, desires, intens, expects, and so on, a nested ones. You can represent complicated kinds of negation. You can represent the process you're going through in trying to answer the question. So you can say things like, oh yeah, if you're trying to do this problem by integration by parts, and you recursively get a problem that's solved by integration by parts, that's actually okay. But if that happens a third time, You're probably off on a wild goose chase or something like that.”
2021-09-15 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #221 – Douglas Lenat: Cyc and the Quest to Solve Common Sense Reasoning in AI · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“With the full meaning of what's there. For instance, about Romeo and Juliet with reasoning about what Juliet believes that Romeo will believe, that Juliet believed, you know, and so on. Or if you look at the news what President Biden believed that the leaders of the Taliban would believe about the leaders of Afghanistan if they, you know, blah, blah, blah. In order to represent complicated sentences like that, let alone reason with them, you need something which is logically much more expressive than these simple triples than these simple knowledge graph type structures and so on. And that's why kicking and screaming, we were led from something like the semantic web representation, which is where we”
2021-09-15 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #221 – Douglas Lenat: Cyc and the Quest to Solve Common Sense Reasoning in AI · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Statistically mapped linkages on the internet into something that's more meaningful and semantic and actually gets at the understanding of the content and so on. And eventually, if you say, well, how can we do that? There's sort of a low road, which is what the knowledge graphs are doing and so on, which is to say, well, if we just use these simple binary relations, we can actually get some fraction of the way toward understanding and do something where, you know, in the land of the blind, the one-eyed man is king kind of thing. And so being able to even just have a toe in the water in the right direction is fantastically powerful. And so that's where a lot of people stop. But then you could say, well, what if we really wanted to represent and reason?”
2021-09-15 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #221 – Douglas Lenat: Cyc and the Quest to Solve Common Sense Reasoning in AI · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Yes. So let's go back to what you said about the semantic web. So the dream Tim Berners-Lee and others dream about the Semantic Web at a general level is, of course, exciting and powerful and in a sense the right dream to have, which is to replace the kind of statistically”
2021-09-15 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #221 – Douglas Lenat: Cyc and the Quest to Solve Common Sense Reasoning in AI · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“And that's all. So it had actual no understanding of what was being typed in. It had no statistical data other than what I just mentioned. And it did a fantastic job. It did such a good job that the big search engine company said, oh, we're not going to sell you this data anymore. Then it went out of business because it had no other way of taking users to where they would want to go and so on.”
2021-09-15 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #221 – Douglas Lenat: Cyc and the Quest to Solve Common Sense Reasoning in AI · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source