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Heather Boushey

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2025-09-12
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2025-09-12
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  1. Well, this comes up time and again where you see, and it's happening now actually, and it happened in the early 2000s, that you'll see these moments where women, their labor supply goes down or they don't recover from a recession. And people start saying, oh, well, it's definitely because women don't want to be in the labor market. They'd prefer to not be working. And so this is good or this is women's preferences. And then when you start scratching the surface and you look at the data, you see that actually it tends to be more about demand side issues, that those jobs weren't available, or they weren't providing the supports that families need to deal with care issues. So that was the research that I did on opting out in the early 2000s.

    2025-09-12 · Masters in Business · Heather Boushey on Rebounding From Covid & Biden's Economic Policies · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  2. Had to spend during the pandemic to help companies get over their supply chain challenges? How much extra money did Americans pay because firms were able to charge higher prices than even perhaps they needed to because of the crisis? So there are, and we know that there will be future crises coming. So it's government's job to make sure that we're protecting the welfare of the nation. This certainly needs to be a part of the question. So what are all the tools in our toolbox? So maybe some of those tools are about how we think about our trade policy, how we think about our antitrust policy. Maybe we're using procurement policy, but there's a wide array of tools that government should be using. So I wouldn't get too wrapped up in the one solution, but that this is the question that we need to be asking ourselves.

    2025-09-12 · Masters in Business · Heather Boushey on Rebounding From Covid & Biden's Economic Policies · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  3. Well, it's a tough question, but there are some tools. I mean, so first off, you have to define it. And what do you mean by resiliency is that you want to have domestic production, production with, you know, during the biden years, we called it friend shoring or production within allies that you feel really comfortable with. But fundamentally, it comes down to do you have various options? If something happens with this part of your supply chain, are there other ways that you can get what you need? We live in a continent spanning economy with 330, 340 million people. There is a lot of opportunity to create resiliency domestically, but also there's a lot of benefits to global trade. So how do we think about making rules that encourage that? And the thing and the nut of this is that that's going to be a little bit costlier in the short term. But what are the costs over the long term? What are the costs during a crisis? How much money did the federal government

    2025-09-12 · Masters in Business · Heather Boushey on Rebounding From Covid & Biden's Economic Policies · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  4. That was a technology problem that very quickly became a very important national security issue. And are we getting ahead of those kinds of questions?

    2025-09-12 · Masters in Business · Heather Boushey on Rebounding From Covid & Biden's Economic Policies · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  5. This very important role for technology, but we didn't step in and sort of say not enough policymakers stepped in and said, hey, this might not be good for us. We may want to make sure that we have the capacity to make the most important things. Because if you can't make them, then you're going to be vulnerable in a geopolitical sense. And now we're kind of, quite frankly, stuck behind the eight ball a little bit where some of the most important things we don't have the capacity to make. And again, we saw that in the pandemic with the simple things with the mass. We also saw that with the ventilators, we couldn't get enough of those. And we saw that another example that I've thought a lot about recently. I talked to a lot of people when I was in Cambridge this year. Drones, which virtually all of those are made in China. So when China started partnering with Russia, that made it hard for the Ukrainians to get the drone parts and to get the drones they need to fight their war.

    2025-09-12 · Masters in Business · Heather Boushey on Rebounding From Covid & Biden's Economic Policies · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  6. Worry about messy things like the environmental consequences. So you took the hard stuff out of all the things that we make and use, and yet you outsourced that. And that's left our economy very fragile because as it turns out, when things get rough, when there's a pandemic, and I'm spending a lot of time these days thinking about, well, one of the crises coming down the pipeline at us is climate change and the energy transition that that will require, that's going to create these ongoing challenges for our economies and our societies. If you have this global production, where's the resiliency? What is that going to do? Are you going to be, are we literally going to be safe as a nation, let alone the economic consequences that we've seen for decades, that that kind of global production system is hollowed out American communities? And I'm not saying that it was caused by policy, but it was facilitated.

    2025-09-12 · Masters in Business · Heather Boushey on Rebounding From Covid & Biden's Economic Policies · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  7. It made it possible for us, for companies all across the United States around the world to outsource that production. And we did that at a time when we were making those rules easier, right? We had decades of trade agreements that made it easier for firms to have overseas production, to become multinational companies. We wanted to trade. We wanted to have more trade. We believe that would make it safer. You're not going to go to war with somebody if you're trading with them, right? You're going to create these positive benefits for our geopolitics. And yet what we've seen is that what that's done is it's really stripped production from the ideas and the innovation and sort of left the United States with kind of assuming that we could be the ideas people, but that the production of things could happen in places where wages were lower and where we didn't have

    2025-09-12 · Masters in Business · Heather Boushey on Rebounding From Covid & Biden's Economic Policies · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  8. It's a big question with a lot of answers, but I think there's a few really important points there, right? So once you had the capacity for an idea to happen in one place, the innovation, the engineers, the plans happen in one place, and the production of something to happen someplace else because you could send those plans via the internet or to a different place.

    2025-09-12 · Masters in Business · Heather Boushey on Rebounding From Covid & Biden's Economic Policies · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  9. Right, so if you were born in the 1940s, your chance about earning your parents was about 90%. But if you're born in the 1980s, yeah, only one in two of us has grown up to outearn their parents. So that is a remarkable shift, a remarkable constraint on upward mobility over time. And it is because you've seen this high incomes calcify into wealth inequality that's sticky. We talked earlier about People moving into wealthier enclaves with better schools. Well, that is a way of, you know, it's one way that it works its way through society, that those kids will have more opportunities. You are able to keep that wealth in that family. And then you don't see those economic benefits kind of flowing throughout your society. And you don't see that economic opportunity flowing through.

    2025-09-12 · Masters in Business · Heather Boushey on Rebounding From Covid & Biden's Economic Policies · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  10. But we have so many I would argue, I mean, so first off, on the data, we have so much higher economic inequality than our European other European countries. And we don't see the kind of movement across income groups that

    2025-09-12 · Masters in Business · Heather Boushey on Rebounding From Covid & Biden's Economic Policies · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  11. It was for weeks, for weeks. And, you know, one of the things that really was so important about that book was the way that he showed through all of this data, the way that income, high income inequality quality calcifies into high wealth inequality. And that once wealth becomes concealed, right, once a smaller and smaller number of people have access to that, it becomes very difficult to unpack that, to share that. And for a society as a whole to benefit from it.

    2025-09-12 · Masters in Business · Heather Boushey on Rebounding From Covid & Biden's Economic Policies · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  12. All of the above. And we've done that while not doing the things that we need to do to fix the transfer of wealth across generations. So we haven't imposed the kinds of inheritance taxes that I think would be really important to make sure that wealth isn't calcified over time in families. And that has been really made it so much easier for those who worked really hard, did good, not having to give back through not having to pay those taxes on their highest income, but it also has allowed wealth to calcify. Thomas Piketty called Capital in the 21st century.

    2025-09-12 · Masters in Business · Heather Boushey on Rebounding From Covid & Biden's Economic Policies · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  13. Always vigilant, right? I mean, I think that it starts by, I mean, it starts with taxation, right? What we have done over decades is lower tax rates at the top. We've made it

    2025-09-12 · Masters in Business · Heather Boushey on Rebounding From Covid & Biden's Economic Policies · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  14. Roads and bridges at standard infrastructure, but also taking steps to bring broadband to every family, taking steps to make sure that schools that wanted to put in electric school buses to reduce the pollution and the noise for kids riding that school bus every day that they had resources to do that. So infrastruct We'll let markets take it that we don't really need to intervene has left too many main streets devastated, has left too many families without economic security, and hasn't delivered the kind of economy that Americans want, need, and deserve.

    2025-09-12 · Masters in Business · Heather Boushey on Rebounding From Covid & Biden's Economic Policies · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  15. Global financial crisis has been a sense that that hands-off policy, and again, I would kind of put that a little bit in my brain that goes into the trickle-down mentality, that markets, we're kind of going to take our hands off because we believe that markets are perfect. So if we get out of the way, then everything will just work out hunky-dory. And that hasn't worked out. It certainly did not work out in the recovery post global financial crisis, which left Americans languishing in high unemployment, massive labor market scarring for so many young people that never really found that good start, the loss of wealth for millions of Americans. And it took so long for us to work its way through the system. The fiscal policy option allows policymakers to step in and be more active and to say, actually, this is what direction we need to go. So the bipartisan infrastructure law that invested money in communities in every part of America in creating

    2025-09-12 · Masters in Business · Heather Boushey on Rebounding From Covid & Biden's Economic Policies · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  16. It's a really interesting question. I think it, to my mind, the answer goes back a little bit to something I said earlier about the importance of having good leadership. Fiscal policy requires that you actually have people that are thinking about what is it that you want government to do? What is government spending money on? How are we thinking about setting rules of the road for businesses so that they are encouraged to behave in ways that's going to benefit communities, not strip them of their value or create bad jobs or create negative implications for the environment? Monetary policy, on the other hand, is very hands-off. We set the interest rate. There is financial regulation, of course, and that's a big piece of it, but often when we're talking about addressing the business cycle, it is about the interest rate policy. And I think what you've seen, especially post-globalization,

    2025-09-12 · Masters in Business · Heather Boushey on Rebounding From Covid & Biden's Economic Policies · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  17. Unclear of who's on their side. And for some reason, they believed that Trump was. He goes out there and he says he's on your side, but his actions really haven't been. And I think that's what's so hard and frustrating to watch. But I think the truth of that we need to be very thoughtful about is if you want people to vote for you, if you want people to vote for people that are actually going to support and grow America's middle class, how are we showing that? How are we demonstrating that actually our goal isn't just more elites making more money, but is actually making sure that communities thrive, that there are good jobs, that there is the kinds of institutions, you know, good schools and healthcare and all the things that communities need, are we actually delivering that?

    2025-09-12 · Masters in Business · Heather Boushey on Rebounding From Covid & Biden's Economic Policies · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  18. Like this. So these are longstanding brewing crises that this most recent legislation has then just sort of lit the match under and said, well, we're not going to give those communities the money they need for these hospitals, but it is on top of this rising economic inequality that I think has made so many people

    2025-09-12 · Masters in Business · Heather Boushey on Rebounding From Covid & Biden's Economic Policies · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  19. But I think that people is my personal view, that people are voting for somebody that they believe is on their side. And when you take the long view and you look at the US economy, what you see is a half century of rising economic inequality, the top pulling further and further apart from the rest, the middle class being squeezed, harder to go from being low income into that secure economic middle, a rise in economic concentration, and by that meaning across industries in the United States, there are fewer and fewer businesses. You talk of hospitals, there's been massive consolidation in the hospital sector, right? So in many communities already, there might have been a number of hospitals, but they're all owned by the same company, right? Which creates lower wages for the workers, the nurses, and the doctors that work and the janitors that work at those hospitals creates what we as economists would call monopsony labor market. And we know that they're less likely to be resilient in situations.

    2025-09-12 · Masters in Business · Heather Boushey on Rebounding From Covid & Biden's Economic Policies · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  20. Well, he did say, I mean, let's be clear President Trump did tell people during his campaign that he would not cut Medicaid. That's true. So he did tell people he would raise tariffs, but he did not, he said he would not cut Medicaid, and he did that. That is one of the first things that he did.

    2025-09-12 · Masters in Business · Heather Boushey on Rebounding From Covid & Biden's Economic Policies · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  21. There is no justification for the kinds of tax cuts that we've just given to the richest people in our society while gutting Medicaid, denying families and children and new parents access to health care, which will make it that much harder for our society to thrive for decades to come. People are going to be sick of it.

    2025-09-12 · Masters in Business · Heather Boushey on Rebounding From Covid & Biden's Economic Policies · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  22. And it's a question, though, of why have we decided to starve government in order to give money back to the richest in our society? So you can see, you know, time and again these massive tax packages, the most egregious, of course, being the one that passed this year that Donald Trump signed.

    2025-09-12 · Masters in Business · Heather Boushey on Rebounding From Covid & Biden's Economic Policies · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  23. Well, I mean, so the obvious answers we should be thinking about how we are financing public schools, right? Should it all be about local? I mean, this is a local issue, obviously. It's different in different places. That is an answer. But when you then zoom up to the federal level and you think about the question of whether or not we are a properly resourcing the institutions that we need, the answer is, of course, we've seen a half century now of primarily Republicans selling the American people on the idea that if we lower taxes, particularly on the rich, that's going to benefit them and their communities. And of course, that's not what we've seen. Trickle down economics hasn't worked. It hasn't delivered stronger growth overall. And what it's done is starved our government of the resources that it needs to then address some of these inequities at the federal level or

    2025-09-12 · Masters in Business · Heather Boushey on Rebounding From Covid & Biden's Economic Policies · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  24. Well, I mean, there's so many directions we could take that question. Whether or not you are funding those public institutions that enable a wide range of people to have access to opportunity, that's sort of the first part of that answer, right? Are they properly resourced? Well, the answer, of course, we know is that they haven't been. And there's a lot of things happening, but two that are really fundamental. Number one, in the United States, public schools are primarily financed by local property taxes, which is inherently unequal, right? That means that people that are living communities with wealthier homes have higher tax bases, and so those school districts have more resources, which is exactly the opposite of what you should be doing to create more equity, more opportunity.

    2025-09-12 · Masters in Business · Heather Boushey on Rebounding From Covid & Biden's Economic Policies · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  25. could be changing because those children who were highly talented didn't have that opportunity across their life. So what helps a low-income child get that education that gives them that opportunity? Well, it is having a good public school system and good public universities that are affordable that give that kid an opportunity. Having equal opportunity laws that allow girls and people of color to have those opportunities, that hinges on having institutions that are fair and that are enforcing anti-discrimination laws. And so that is just one, that's just one pathway through which inequality or equity or lack thereof affects our potential for economic growth, affects the kind of growth that we have.

    2025-09-12 · Masters in Business · Heather Boushey on Rebounding From Covid & Biden's Economic Policies · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  26. And what they found was that the children who did the best in third grade on these standardized math tests, those kids were more likely to grow up and get a patent. Totally makes sense. But when you looked at those children by the income group that their parents were in, by their race, by their gender, you saw something very strange happen. When you just looked at the top kids in terms of the math scores, so this group that was most likely to go on and get a patent, The children in that group who came from the richest families who were boys or were white were far more likely than the children from lower income families, then girls or were black children to grow up and get a patent. So what that tells you is that our economy, our society has been denied all of this, these new ideas, these new things we could be buying or new ways that our world

    2025-09-12 · Masters in Business · Heather Boushey on Rebounding From Covid & Biden's Economic Policies · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  27. By Raj Chedding, his colleagues many years ago now, but they had data on third graders here in New York City. And they were able to match this data on the third graders and their test scores on math and English, but we're just going to focus on math. And they were able to then match those third graders to their parents' income and to their future income and whether or not they ever applied for a patent. That's just one measure of, like, it's not that it's not the end-all bit, but just one measure of some kind of success in the world

    2025-09-12 · Masters in Business · Heather Boushey on Rebounding From Covid & Biden's Economic Policies · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  28. Well, think of it this way. So one of the things that the United States was an early leader in was making sure that kids had access to free public education, something that U.S. communities started to do early on. They used, they raised taxes to do this. And we were a global leader in the early primary school movement. And that's a really important foundational institution for economic growth because we know that talent and entrepreneurship and skill, skills can be learned, but all of these things are, they're normally distributed. They affect their distributed across the population, right? It isn't just rich children who have access to the best school.

    2025-09-12 · Masters in Business · Heather Boushey on Rebounding From Covid & Biden's Economic Policies · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  29. That is such a fantastic question. And I feel like it's a little bit of a leading question because, as you know, I wrote a book on how economic inequality constricts our economy and what we can do about it. And a number of the scholars that I've looked to over time actually just got the Nobel Prize last year in 2024 at Duran Assamoglu and Simon Johnson and James Robinson for their work looking at how institutions affect long-term growth. I start there because part of what economic inequality does, part of what wealth concentration does is it destroys the institutions that foster broadly shared growth.

    2025-09-12 · Masters in Business · Heather Boushey on Rebounding From Covid & Biden's Economic Policies · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  30. So certainly it doesn't surprise me that people are saying that about how we entered the pandemic. And then we know, of course, that some of the after effects of long COVID and how that affects people, particularly around some of these health issues is important.

    2025-09-12 · Masters in Business · Heather Boushey on Rebounding From Covid & Biden's Economic Policies · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  31. Well, I'm not a health expert, but certainly we know that the United States population does have higher death rates from a lot of preventable diabetes.

    2025-09-12 · Masters in Business · Heather Boushey on Rebounding From Covid & Biden's Economic Policies · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  32. Cover was the exact words were, but it was one of those like wow, even the economist has said, you know, we really knocked it out of the park in terms of the economic performance of the United States coming out of what could have been a very deep and long recession, kind of like what we saw after the global financial crisis. And, you know, we...

    2025-09-12 · Masters in Business · Heather Boushey on Rebounding From Covid & Biden's Economic Policies · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  33. When you look at the economic data, the United States had one of the strongest economic recoveries coming out of the pandemic relative to our economic competitors in the other advanced economies on virtually any metric. So yes, the United States saw high prices. We saw inflation go up, but the prices didn't go up as high as they did in some other advanced economies. And then our prices started coming down and looked quite good. We saw stronger economic growth. We've seen stronger employment. So when you look at our ability to take this health crisis, to be able to get it under control enough so that people could get back to work. So businesses could get back up on their feet so that kids could get back up to school and then have your economy get back on track. I mean, even the economist, and I can't remember exactly what the

    2025-09-12 · Masters in Business · Heather Boushey on Rebounding From Covid & Biden's Economic Policies · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  34. While focus on the stats that when you ask that question, I can see clear list in my head. So I can see a couple of charts. So number one, we early on had very high death rates relative to other countries as a proportion of our population. So we were able to

    2025-09-12 · Masters in Business · Heather Boushey on Rebounding From Covid & Biden's Economic Policies · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  35. You still continue to hear that debate on both sides. Some people still frustrated that their schools were open and some people saying, oh, they closed for too long and there's been learning, not health losses, but learning losses among children. These are really important questions, and we should spend time dissecting what we know now, but we didn't know, we didn't have all the answers at the beginning.

    2025-09-12 · Masters in Business · Heather Boushey on Rebounding From Covid & Biden's Economic Policies · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  36. That was that a problem we could have fixed amidst the pandemic or is this something that we should be kind of taking a step back and saying, huh, maybe we should have been focusing years ago on why is it that trust was eroding? And that leads to something that I really want us to really focus on in our conversation today, is that really toxic role that inequality has played in our economy and our society, which we know is connected to this failure of people to trust, in particular to trust experts, to trust that people are acting in their best interest. So Operation Warp Speed is incredible achievement of the Trump administration, but yet pushed aside because communities all of a sudden became, I mean, I can't speak for how those communities felt, but they became fearful and distrustful. Schools closing and

    2025-09-12 · Masters in Business · Heather Boushey on Rebounding From Covid & Biden's Economic Policies · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  37. The trust that people have in the institutions around them, even as we know that it saved millions, millions of lives and millions of dollars in healthcare costs because people didn't get sick and all the rest for people to be able to get the vaccine. And so

    2025-09-12 · Masters in Business · Heather Boushey on Rebounding From Covid & Biden's Economic Policies · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  38. Right. We didn't know how bad it would get. And you had this, we were in a moment, we're already America had become a lower trust environment. People had less trust in government than they had decades before, less trust in business, less trust in experts. So you're already kind of walking into a situation where you're trying to explain to people what the health risk is. You have to really, did everybody do a good enough job thinking about what the much trust the listener was going to have from the get-go? The problem is that you don't know how it's going to turn out. So you want to make sure that you are protecting people to the best of your ability, but you don't have all the answers. And so, you know, but saying to people, well, we suggest that you do this, but maybe we don't know if that's going to work. That doesn't go over very well in a public health crisis. So part of the way that we've seen the vaccines and the school closures and all these things play out is that that has further eroded.

    2025-09-12 · Masters in Business · Heather Boushey on Rebounding From Covid & Biden's Economic Policies · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  39. That the Biden administration really started to push that how people understood that and did we do a good enough job talking about that? I think that's something that I wish we had done better.

    2025-09-12 · Masters in Business · Heather Boushey on Rebounding From Covid & Biden's Economic Policies · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  40. Something or prices are going up. So how we talk about that and how we communicate that I think was something that was really hard to do amidst the health crisis. And so if I were to kind of wave a magic wand and go back in time, I think I would try to, I would want to figure out how we could spend more time helping people understand those fragilities that we were uncovering, which was hard because people were so wrapped up in the consequences of it, which was high prices that they were seeing at the store and which were being blamed on the simplest explanation, which was obviously government spent too much. That kind of fits into our everyday narratives. When yet when you uncovered it, it was like, no, actually it was because of the fragility of these supply chains and the decisions that all of these businesses had been making for decades. And we need to hold them accountable. We need to ask businesses to be more resilient. And that's going to require rethinking our economy. That's a big structural change.

    2025-09-12 · Masters in Business · Heather Boushey on Rebounding From Covid & Biden's Economic Policies · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  41. Pandemic had happened. And then it was like nobody wrote about it, you know, the Spanish flu. It was like, oh, this thing happened. And then it just, it was like people wanted to forget it. And I feel that there was a little bit as we were going through the pandemic, people were so traumatized that the idea that it was uncovering how our economic system was so fragile also got a little bit, I feel like people kind of wanted to paper over that and just move past it. We just everyone to get back to normal without kind of wanting to stop and say, actually, the way that we're doing American business just isn't working. And I think a lot about like semiconductors, for example, I think we all learned a lot about semiconductors during the pandemic because all of a sudden we couldn't get them. The global semiconductor shortage affected every, you know, all of us, right? A factory closes in Malaysia or in Taiwan and then all of a sudden you can't buy

    2025-09-12 · Masters in Business · Heather Boushey on Rebounding From Covid & Biden's Economic Policies · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  42. A lot of, I think that helping people understand the role that the fragility of supply chains played in the challenges of getting goods to their local supermarket or their local store that was affecting inflation. I don't think we did a good enough job helping people understand all the things that the pandemic had uncovered, right? I want to step back just one because one thing that always struck me at the beginning of the pandemic, and we were all like, what is this going to look like? And, you know, I had heard, of course, about the flu, the Spanish flu, like sort of back in my mind. I had never read anything about what that had happened in the 19s, 1918. And one thing, though, that I had learned during the pandemic was that that huge...

    2025-09-12 · Masters in Business · Heather Boushey on Rebounding From Covid & Biden's Economic Policies · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  43. We have seen that as a trend in the labor market. For some families, that may be really helpful for addressing their care challenges. But one of the things that really helped millions of people get back to work was the federal government stepping in and helping them deal with their care crisis because their childcare center wasn't open. And, oh, well, we can solve that problem that helps that employee come to Bloomberg every day. So those were really big. I think, because I know you'll ask about it next, so I just want to get to this. Of course, one of the challenges was that that period led to the highest inflation that we've seen in the United States since the 1970s. Inflation, anybody under the age of 40 had never seen that kind of inflation.

    2025-09-12 · Masters in Business · Heather Boushey on Rebounding From Covid & Biden's Economic Policies · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  44. Understanding how important it is to have competent, dedicated public servants who are getting up every day saying that is a problem we need to solve. That's one we maybe don't need to solve, but these are things that can affect American lives, American communities, American health, save to the economy, and just how important that leadership is. So in terms of lessons learned, the pandemic really showed that you need good governance because in an emergency, that's what's going to make the difference. And so the military precision of getting shots in arms that, you know, thinking through all the different pieces of the policy, I think a lot about how we saved so many small businesses in America, particularly care businesses, childcare. long-term care facilities gave them an infusion of funds to help them keep going through the pandemic. And that meant that other people could then get back to work. You talk about, you know, people not necessarily all coming back to office.

    2025-09-12 · Masters in Business · Heather Boushey on Rebounding From Covid & Biden's Economic Policies · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  45. After the pandemic, businesses couldn't just not get back up on their feet. And so a lot of the resources for the American Rescue Plan were about helping small businesses, communities, schools, all these different entities get back up on their feet. And as we were uncovering, and it really did feel like not a whack-a-mole because we weren't whacking things down, but like a pop-up of all of these different challenges that emerged, you were realizing, I mean, I come out of that experience.

    2025-09-12 · Masters in Business · Heather Boushey on Rebounding From Covid & Biden's Economic Policies · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  46. And not building in resiliency or, you know, duplicity, like having multiple suppliers for a single good, no, let's make sure that it's the most efficient, but not thinking about what happens when stuff goes wrong. And so our first couple years in the White House were all about, oh, there's another thing that doesn't work anymore. There's another thing where

    2025-09-12 · Masters in Business · Heather Boushey on Rebounding From Covid & Biden's Economic Policies · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  47. Wow. Well, and that is what folks were spending all of their time initially. Let's make that happen. But then after that, you still had all of this recovery. And I think if you think back to before Biden took office to 2020 when the pandemic was happening, and we were talking about what it meant to shut the economy down. And there were some economists, I always try to be very careful in my language about this, that, you know, what kind of recession we were having, right? You know, you saw at the beginning of the pandemic things shut down, unemployment spikes, and it was like, well, but unemployment was spiking because we needed people to take that step back, right? And that's a different kind of recession. And as you noted, it uncovered all of these fragilities. You know, over the preceding decades, we have allowed, we have enabled private actors to create these very complex global supply chains, really focused on just-in-time production.

    2025-09-12 · Masters in Business · Heather Boushey on Rebounding From Covid & Biden's Economic Policies · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  48. Like we were remote, right? You had all of these workers who were telecommuting. You didn't have, you didn't have any inauguration parties. There were no, you know, you didn't have any of the normal trappings of a new administration. And you had all these people coming in who we had to do all of that while also dealing with the pandemic internally and then making sure that the president and the senior advisors and the cabinet officials themselves didn't get sick. You know, when I look back, those first few months were so courageous and incredible. And I look at what my colleagues across the administration did to get those shots in arms, to get schools reopened, to get all the support that folks needed. And on top of that, to have passed this really important historic legislation, the American Rescue Plan, that gave all of the support to communities all across the country to make sure that there were enough resources to weather

    2025-09-12 · Masters in Business · Heather Boushey on Rebounding From Covid & Biden's Economic Policies · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  49. What a great question. So, I think first off, you have to remember that when Joe Biden took office, you know, Americans didn't have access to the vaccine yet. And so the very first thing that we had to do was to get those shots in arms. The vaccine was available. It was ready to go, but had to make sure that it was distributed and distributed as quickly as possible and that people got those two rounds of shots so that we could get things start to get people back in school and work in all the different things. And you also have to remember that what a bizarre start to a presidency.

    2025-09-12 · Masters in Business · Heather Boushey on Rebounding From Covid & Biden's Economic Policies · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  50. Time there's an economic data release, we were there writing a memo for the president, you know, getting on television, talking to folks on the radio and podcasters.

    2025-09-12 · Masters in Business · Heather Boushey on Rebounding From Covid & Biden's Economic Policies · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source