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Janet Yellen
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- 2024-10-03
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- 2024-10-03
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“Green women should be attentive to mentoring other women. In creating these opportunities, but also the way jobs are structured we know many jobs are structured in finance and in academia too that make it almost impossible to balance work and family. And there are things that employers can do to structure jobs so that women have a much greater chance to succeed.”
2024-10-03 · The Axe Files with David Axelrod · Ep. 596 — Secretary Janet Yellen · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“It's public policy, economics, business, finance These can be very satisfying careers and great careers for women. And also that I'm aware that women face very serious barriers. And I like to talk to women about their experiences and what they can do and hear how they're thinking about dealing with the barriers that I know women face in all of these fields. I mean, in terms of what we've tried to accomplish, Treasury, have hired women and diverse workforce more broadly. There are women occupying posts that have never been held by women in the 235 year history of Treasury General Counsel Chief of Staff, other very senior posts.”
2024-10-03 · The Axe Files with David Axelrod · Ep. 596 — Secretary Janet Yellen · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Yes, and we yes, the size of the package and also the fact that there was three hundred fifty billion dollars for state and local fiscal relief. And as that money started to get spent, that's been a huge support to the economy. It continues to be. And of course, addressing the people who had the most serious chances of losing the roof over their head and the food on their table. You know, I think what we saw during the financial crisis is a phenomenon I call scarring, which is when you have a bad enough experience, you lose your job for long enough, it's very hard to get back on track and you may be permanently derailed or scarred. And we didn't want that to happen. And part of the reason that we had as large a package as we had was to make sure that people got back to work quickly and that this did not derail their lives.”
2024-10-03 · The Axe Files with David Axelrod · Ep. 596 — Secretary Janet Yellen · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“who was too small and also state and local governments have balanced budget rules, and when the economy suffered a downturn and they lost revenue, they had to cut back and that offset the stimulus at the federal level. You know, We were very careful not to let that happen. So, this goes back to the”
2024-10-03 · The Axe Files with David Axelrod · Ep. 596 — Secretary Janet Yellen · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“And I'm spending a lot of time at Treasury and working with my colleagues throughout the administration and regulatory posts to try to identify and address financial risks so that this doesn't happen again. But in other lessons too, that came out of in coping with that crisis. Eventually you remember, I believe was an $800 billion fiscal package was passed. And that helps the economy.”
2024-10-03 · The Axe Files with David Axelrod · Ep. 596 — Secretary Janet Yellen · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Was sitting over at the Federal Reserve, but we've put a huge amount of work into creating a safer and sounder financial system. Just not to say that there are not financial risks, and we saw again until almost the meltdown of the financial system actually in the beginning of the pandemic of March of 2020.”
2024-10-03 · The Axe Files with David Axelrod · Ep. 596 — Secretary Janet Yellen · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Well, I agree with you. I mean, one of my own focuses in this job has been financial stability in the financial system. You know, Dodd-Frank was past 2010.”
2024-10-03 · The Axe Files with David Axelrod · Ep. 596 — Secretary Janet Yellen · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“There were some bad people. I'm not trying to say that there weren't. But the system, you know, for a financial system to function properly and perform the functions we look to it to serve, to let people borrow to start businesses, to buy a house, send their kids. To college and not to cause a meltdown that causes people to lose their jobs, you have to have a proper system or regulations.”
2024-10-03 · The Axe Files with David Axelrod · Ep. 596 — Secretary Janet Yellen · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Yes So first of all, why is it that these institutions were bailed out? It's because if we don't have a functioning financial system in the country that enables people to borrow and lend. Knowing it's going to have a job. And we cannot allow anger about what has happened to lead us to destroy a necessary ingredient for our economy to function. We had to have a functioning banking and financial system. What was wrong is that the regulation that allowed these things to happen, that was really lacking. We had a very badly regulated, undercapitalized, over-leveraged financial system where supervision was really inadequate. So it wasn't just bad people who should have gone to jail.”
2024-10-03 · The Axe Files with David Axelrod · Ep. 596 — Secretary Janet Yellen · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“It's pretty fair. I mean, certainly when you have a financial crisis, the people who are going to be most affected are ordinary people who are just trying to pull up their socks, go to work, feed their families, and make a living. And we had, I believe, between 2008 and 2010, 9 million people lost their jobs. Countless people lost their homes, Americans were terribly badly affected who had absolutely nothing to do with this And it is true that not a lot of people went to jail. Some people look”
2024-10-03 · The Axe Files with David Axelrod · Ep. 596 — Secretary Janet Yellen · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Yes, absolutely. And so I think that's the kind of intellectual background that makes it possible to contribute to policy.”
2024-10-03 · The Axe Files with David Axelrod · Ep. 596 — Secretary Janet Yellen · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Well, you know, I think to be effective in policy jobs, one has to have some analytic framework that one is bringing to bear. How do you think about the problems that you're dealing with? A good share of my life is in policy has had to do with monetary and fiscal policy. Certainly if the Fed in the aftermath of the financial meltdown that we had trying to get the economy back to full employment really requires an understand at some deep level an understanding of how the macro economy works and what the levers can be to push on. I'd say the same thing is true of fiscal policy. And so if You take the challenging situation that President Biden and his team walked into when he was elected an economy with very high unemployment, a huge downturn. What do we do? To get the economy moving, you know,”
2024-10-03 · The Axe Files with David Axelrod · Ep. 596 — Secretary Janet Yellen · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“But there have been trends going back before the pandemic have really been negatively affecting households, whether it's the cost of healthcare, childcare, to be able to afford child care, treasury did a paper we launched this actually in a joint meeting with the vice president on Trinsin childcare. You know, and childcare is an industry in the United States, it's really impossible to work with that childcare. For most families, it's not affordable. It's not available, and it doesn't work for the people who work in the industry. So, you know, the burdens on families, whether it's energy prices, health care, and then housing, and we really have a shortage of housing, and it affects so many. People in the country. And some of that was exacerbated in the pandemic. And I think it's these longer term trends combined with what happened.”
2024-10-03 · The Axe Files with David Axelrod · Ep. 596 — Secretary Janet Yellen · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Container ships that were enabled to unload their goods. It would take weeks before they could unload goods at ports, huge shifts in demand away from services going out to eat, traveling and the like to goods that were in short supply. It was a very unique situation. I felt from the outset that it was possible to bring down inflation while maintaining a strong labor market. And I believe what we're seeing bears out the notion that is possible. That's the path we're on. You know, inflation has come down really close to the Fed. But still what you hear from people talk to people. Yeah, now wages are up too.”
2024-10-03 · The Axe Files with David Axelrod · Ep. 596 — Secretary Janet Yellen · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“We never would have seen that inflation just because of the demand that was created. It was the supply shock created by the pandemic, the fact that you couldn't get semiconductors to produce cars, that we had auto factories that had to close that caused prices to spike. Now, the fact that incomes were supported and people had money to buy, say, cars or consumer durables when they were shut in, that added to the demand in areas that were supply constrained and so may have played a little bit of a role, but the major problem was supplied disturbances, shutdowns of factories in China.”
2024-10-03 · The Axe Files with David Axelrod · Ep. 596 — Secretary Janet Yellen · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“I've been traveling around the country going to places that suffer from disadvantage of not had a lot of opportunities that are seeing factories open up, battery factories always a place and a place in Kentucky that's seeing new investments from related to battery supplies places that are seeing mineral processing in North Carolina, lithium hydroxide production. Elements are necessary for industry and training programs because these are good jobs that potentially have career ladders that are good and”
2024-10-03 · The Axe Files with David Axelrod · Ep. 596 — Secretary Janet Yellen · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Initiatives starting with the ARP with the Inflation Reduction Act, the Infrastructure Act, Chips and Science Act, there is always some element of place based policy going back to some parts of the country or thriving and other parts have been disadvantaged, don't have the capital investment, opportunities that they need to thrive and to get ahead. All of this legislation has ways to make sure that the investments are broadly distributed.”
2024-10-03 · The Axe Files with David Axelrod · Ep. 596 — Secretary Janet Yellen · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Well, it is industrial policy, I will grant you that, but I think it's targeted, it's careful, it's looking at industries where we really have a key economic stake in having a presence and in order to be a leader and to develop new technology, the industry has to be there and it has to be viable. And we do need to pay attention to our supply chains and to make sure that they're resilient and in areas like clean energy are dependence on China is simply too high. So this is a targeted industrial policy and I would say that if you look at the whole set of Biden-Harris legislation”
2024-10-03 · The Axe Files with David Axelrod · Ep. 596 — Secretary Janet Yellen · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“And I think the Biden-Harris administration has made a conscious decision to invest in industries like clean energy, semiconductors that, you know, eventually if you outsource all production of semiconductors, you no longer can be a global leader in something. Some of your colleagues...”
2024-10-03 · The Axe Files with David Axelrod · Ep. 596 — Secretary Janet Yellen · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“I believe that we just raised the cost of living, the huge range of consumer goods that we don't produce in the United States are not strategic. These are goods that really especially lower the cost of living for lower income families. It would have a devastating effect such across-the-board tariffs on lower income families. You know, much of the trade we do with China, I think, has beneficial. And we export to China, U.S. jobs are tied to that as well. But there are areas where we have concerns where we see that trade is being distorted by massive subsidies and that these are industries that are important.”
2024-10-03 · The Axe Files with David Axelrod · Ep. 596 — Secretary Janet Yellen · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“That's a viable strategy, and the Chinese strategy is essentially take all of those resources and savings that were going into infrastructure and property development and channel it into advanced industries, particularly clean energy, which they've been doing for a decade. China's developed the capacity to essentially supply the entire global demand for solar panels. and the subsidies to industry are massive. And if we didn't push back and protect our domestic industry, China would have close to 100% of global capacity. And we've seen during the pandemic and later that Supply chains that are too concentrated, whether it's because of physical threats or because of political threats, this is something we shouldn't be willing to do. We want resilient supply chains and there needs to be to dominate the global interests. What about the idea?”
2024-10-03 · The Axe Files with David Axelrod · Ep. 596 — Secretary Janet Yellen · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Very low. In ours, it's two thirds of total spending in the economy. Now, when you're a poor country in developing and you have a savings rate of 40%, boy, that's a lot of funds and resources that can go to investing in your economy. And that was great for them. And they used it to build infrastructure. And then later on housing. they really enjoyed very, very rapid growth that lifted millions and hundreds of millions of people out of poverty. But now they've gotten to the point where the return on infrastructure is not very high. And they have a property crisis and channeling continued greater investment into property is not something.”
2024-10-03 · The Axe Files with David Axelrod · Ep. 596 — Secretary Janet Yellen · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Pushing back against that in a targeted way with tariffs is appropriate. The tariffs that were recently levied mainly in the areas of clean energy affect $18 billion of trade with China. That's a very tiny part of our trade. And I think that we are right to be concerned with Chinese industrial practices in areas that they wish to completely dominate globally. I think what's happened in China is this is a country really unlike any other modern economy that I've seen. China has a saving rate that's over 40%. So consumer spending is a share of their economy is very”
2024-10-03 · The Axe Files with David Axelrod · Ep. 596 — Secretary Janet Yellen · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“So, in the Biden administration, I just said we should push back against unfair trade practices and protect industries we think are of strategic importance. And I think clean energy as you look to the future and what is going to be important over coming decades, clean energy is going to be at the heart of that, along with things like semiconductors, maybe artificial intelligence, quantum computing, things like that. And when we see either risks to national security from Chinese behavior or risks to our ability to have a presence in industries that are going to be important and a source of technological advancement. In the future.”
2024-10-03 · The Axe Files with David Axelrod · Ep. 596 — Secretary Janet Yellen · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“To huge political issue. I guess I feel that knowing what happened previously with China, that we need to be very focused on fair trade practices and to push back against them and to be prepared to take actions to defend our own domestic industries, perhaps not across the board, but certainly in areas that we think are of strategic and economic importance.”
2024-10-03 · The Axe Files with David Axelrod · Ep. 596 — Secretary Janet Yellen · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Well, certainly during this period beginning in the mid 80s, it seemed like it was no longer true. And it was lifting the boats mainly of people who were already doing the watch dinner. And harming people who are doing less well and that simply a situation that leads to social and political dysfunction.”
2024-10-03 · The Axe Files with David Axelrod · Ep. 596 — Secretary Janet Yellen · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“You don't see where the opportunity is. And once upon a time, you could move to a city and there were good jobs. And now that looks like it's, first of all, it's too expensive to move to a place like New York if you live in the middle of the country. You're in a rural area. The jobs require more skills. And then you see community dissolution, reductions in marriage rates and all the signs of dysfunction that go with it.”
2024-10-03 · The Axe Files with David Axelrod · Ep. 596 — Secretary Janet Yellen · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Right. More skills are needed, and there are fewer jobs. But then there was what people referred to as the When China was allowed to join the WTO, I guess I was in the Clinton administration at the time. We thought this was a great idea. And I still certainly do believe there are benefits from trade and investment, including with China. But in the space of maybe a decade, it's estimated that 2 million people lost their jobs because of that China shock. And that really decimated communities. It's more visible to people than the longer trend we've seen of skill-biased technical change. But, you know, we ended up with an economy substantial numbers of people just not being able, the feeling they're getting behind. Your father had a better job than you do. And you don't.”
2024-10-03 · The Axe Files with David Axelrod · Ep. 596 — Secretary Janet Yellen · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Its affected women as well, but Particularly men without a college degree Just a shortage of jobs, part of it is technological changes with skill bias, technical change that We saw manufacturing”
2024-10-03 · The Axe Files with David Axelrod · Ep. 596 — Secretary Janet Yellen · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“And then all the dysfunction that's associated with that, and I'm thinking here of what Case and Deaton have called deaths of despair, that it is remarkable to have an economy like ours. I think we're the only advanced country that I know of that's actually for a group, a significant group of people seeing a decline in life expectancy. And what's it due to drugs, alcohol, alienation? You know, suicide. Which points to just very deep dysfunction in people's lives. And”
2024-10-03 · The Axe Files with David Axelrod · Ep. 596 — Secretary Janet Yellen · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Widening of inequality begin and that really continued unabated for several decades. If you go back over the last 50 years, for all practical purposes, the Median American male worker has seen no real increase in their income. So there have been gains, but more of the gains have gone to the top and to college educated people. Now, what caused this? Okay, and then on top of that, you've seen parts of the country that have done very well the coast typically. In a lot of the country that has not done well, they've seen declining fortunes in their communities, businesses leave, a loss of jobs, high unemployment, low incomes.”
2024-10-03 · The Axe Files with David Axelrod · Ep. 596 — Secretary Janet Yellen · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“I think you do have among a substantial share of Americans a sense of alienation that the economy and the society are not working for them. And partly they see it as a matter of trade. We had for many people good jobs in manufacturing throughout the country, unionized jobs, good health benefits, good retirement benefits. You could raise a family. Your children could get a good education. People would see their children do better than they had done. And sometime around the mid eighties, we really saw the”
2024-10-03 · The Axe Files with David Axelrod · Ep. 596 — Secretary Janet Yellen · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“We care about people in their lives and their well-being, their sense of well-being. And it's, you know, jobs are not only about making money, they're about dignity, they're about a sense of self, about being part of a community and an economy that works has to be one that satisfies people's not only satisfies people's material needs, but gives them a sense of meaning for their own lives, a sense of optimism, for their families, and a sense of ties to a community and goals that go beyond their own personal material well-being. My family of economists that's our broader focus is thinking about what works is economic policy in that broader sense.”
2024-10-03 · The Axe Files with David Axelrod · Ep. 596 — Secretary Janet Yellen · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“And that, you know, there were things that you could do about that that was, you know, that was it for me and that was what I was going to spend my life working on.”
2024-10-03 · The Axe Files with David Axelrod · Ep. 596 — Secretary Janet Yellen · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“And came to understand what it caused the Great Depression and why a society that normally is well functioning can have periods in which there is massive unemployment. What is the breakdown that occurs in a capitalist system that can cause this? And this is really what John Maitrey did.”
2024-10-03 · The Axe Files with David Axelrod · Ep. 596 — Secretary Janet Yellen · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“What you saw as a kid? Because of what I saw as a kid and because of my family's experience. And I was sort of interested in math and science. I like logical analytic thinking that appeals to me. And what I saw when I took my first economics course was a marriage of logical analytic thinking with subject matter that really deeply had to do with people and their well-being. And that really appealed to everything that I was looking for. Something both scientific in a sense, but also something that was really deeply about people and what makes them better off. And when I understood and took my first macroeconomics course,”
2024-10-03 · The Axe Files with David Axelrod · Ep. 596 — Secretary Janet Yellen · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Will immigration has been an important source of labor force growth at a time when we have an aging population and our labor force would otherwise be declining over time, just in those cold terms. And there's a huge amount of human suffering and tragedy that would be associated with breaking up families. And all of the heartache and pain that would be associated with that, but the workers that many firms need to be able to grow and to do jobs that in many cases Americans are not interested in doing, I think would be a loss to our society.”
2024-10-03 · The Axe Files with David Axelrod · Ep. 596 — Secretary Janet Yellen · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“It's an important source of labor force growth. And, you know, it's also dynamism, new ideas. Innovation small business formation. You know, it's a source of growth for our economy.”
2024-10-03 · The Axe Files with David Axelrod · Ep. 596 — Secretary Janet Yellen · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“I believe it has, and I think there's a fair amount of research supporting that. Sometimes it's argued that immigrants take jobs from Americans who are here. And there's a great deal of research on that. And what we see in this is true with more recent immigration as well, is that immigrants supply their labor, but they also demand goods and services and unbalance it helps the economy grow without actually depriving other people of jobs. It's not in any way a zero-sum game. So I think you might.”
2024-10-03 · The Axe Files with David Axelrod · Ep. 596 — Secretary Janet Yellen · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Will communities really critical? I mean, we know that not only from our own personal experience, but from research that's been done about children and why some children are able to succeed better in some communities who grow up in some communities than others. I'm thinking particularly of Rise Chetian as colleagues at Harvard who've looked very closely at this and communities that work that are supportive that have good role models for children and enable them to see success and get the mentoring they need to seize the opportunities that are there can do much better than children who otherwise seem the same but grow up in communities that are less supportive.”
2024-10-03 · The Axe Files with David Axelrod · Ep. 596 — Secretary Janet Yellen · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“This was a place where people started their careers, started their lives in America. It was a community that worked. People got along. I can't recall Scrife. I went to a public high school with lots of people, you know, some academic track mini not planning to go to college. It was a harmonious, well-functioning community. Eventually, as people succeeded, they tinted to League and moved to other places and move up in the world. So it was definitely an immigrant community and you could feel that in the fabric of”
2024-10-03 · The Axe Files with David Axelrod · Ep. 596 — Secretary Janet Yellen · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Well, it was my colleagues and I on the first night we got there in our Colleague from the embassy suggested we go to a restaurant and he did the ordering for a table of, I don't know, there might have been 12 to 16 of us people say I ordered four portions of psychedelic mushrooms. In fact, our embassy at Tachet ordered for orders for a tap of about 16 people. No one knew they were psychedelic, only if cooked improperly. We only found that out on social media the next day the next day. Into his story, but”
2024-10-03 · The Axe Files with David Axelrod · Ep. 596 — Secretary Janet Yellen · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“I like to sample foods that are, you know, classic in the places that I'm going that people care about and define their cultures. And I tried to do that wherever I go.”
2024-10-03 · The Axe Files with David Axelrod · Ep. 596 — Secretary Janet Yellen · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“I think immigration has been tremendously valuable to the United States, to our economy, and to our culture and to our society. And as you noted, the community that I grew up in in Bay Ridge, it's a place that immigrants came, they got off the boat, they landed, they took their first jobs in my neighborhood and growing up what I saw were waves of different immigrants, Italian, Irish, Scandinavian later, Korean, Russian, people from the Middle East, the places that they've come from have changed over to”
2024-10-03 · The Axe Files with David Axelrod · Ep. 596 — Secretary Janet Yellen · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“So certainly I'm aware of a surge in anti Semitism that is very concerning to me. But I'm also very concerned about what's happening in the West Bank and in Gaza, all of the suffering that this war is inflicting on innocent civilians who are caught up in it. It's a complicated matter, but certainly an atrocity was committed against Israel that we really haven't seen anything like that, I think, since the Holocaust and was deeply, deeply disturbing.”
2024-10-03 · The Axe Files with David Axelrod · Ep. 596 — Secretary Janet Yellen · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“To some extent, although I think my parents tried to protect me against what was happening, I think that was not uncommon, but People of my generation. Parents didn't share everything with their children about what they were worried about.”
2024-10-03 · The Axe Files with David Axelrod · Ep. 596 — Secretary Janet Yellen · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“We had, I think, everybody who stayed in Poland died in Holocaust. There were many family members who remained behind and were victims of the Holocaust.”
2024-10-03 · The Axe Files with David Axelrod · Ep. 596 — Secretary Janet Yellen · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Yes, yes. I mean, that's the high school that I went to was filled with, you know, people who came from working class families. Lots of things happened. There are lots of problems. People lost their jobs, financial stresses, psychological stresses, family problems. My life growing up was full of hearing about that from my father and his patients.”
2024-10-03 · The Axe Files with David Axelrod · Ep. 596 — Secretary Janet Yellen · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“I did. I went to public schools. You know, it was two things, I think. First of all, my parents had lived through the depression. They talked about it a lot and mass unemployment and the problems associated with that were dominant in their own thinking about the economy, what can go wrong, and their desire to establish a life with financial security. In addition, my father treated patients who lost their jobs, were subject to the ups and downs of the business cycle. These were patients who came to my house, my father's office was In our house. And I got to know many of the patients that he treated.”
2024-10-03 · The Axe Files with David Axelrod · Ep. 596 — Secretary Janet Yellen · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“There were long chairmen. There's also industry. There were transportation networks that came together, and there was thriving blue collar life. And my father decided locating near that in a place where people who worked at the docks could easily get to his office. That was the way to establish a practice. So we bought a house and grew up very close to that area of Brooklyn”
2024-10-03 · The Axe Files with David Axelrod · Ep. 596 — Secretary Janet Yellen · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source