YouSaid · the spoken record

John Hopfield

lines on the record: 76
first: 2020-02-29
most recent: 2020-02-29
sittings or episodes: 1
sources: podcast

Every line below is reproduced as it was said and linked to the record it came from. Nothing here is summarised or generated. Directory · Search · Corrections

“Well, thank you for the challenge of talking with you. It will be interesting to see whether you can win five minutes out of this coherent sense to anyone or not.”
2020-02-29 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #76 – John Hopfield: Physics View of the Mind and Neurobiology · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Yeah. And we're in neurobiology where we're the, oh, you say the neocortex is the thinking, but there's lots of things that are done in the spinal cord. And so what is the essence of thought? Is it just going to be neocortex? Can't be, can't be.”
2020-02-29 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #76 – John Hopfield: Physics View of the Mind and Neurobiology · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“I've been amazed at how hard it is. Define Things in a living system are in the sense that But when bacterium is not so much like another bacterium even of the same nominal species, in fact, the whole notion of what is a species gets a little bit fuzzy. And do species exist in the absence of certain classes of environments, and pretty soon one winds up with a biology which the whole thing is living, but whether there is actually any element of it. Which by itself would be said to be living. Becomes a little bit vague in my mind.”
2020-02-29 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #76 – John Hopfield: Physics View of the Mind and Neurobiology · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“It has really because particularly as you get older in the body, comes apart in various ways. I became much more aware of Fact that what is somebody is contained In the Not in the body that you worry about burying. And It is to a certain extent true that for people who write things down equations. Dreams, no beds, diaries, novels. Fractions of their thought does continue to live. After they're dead and gone, after their body is dead and gone. And there's a sea change in that going on in my lifetime between. But my father died, except for the things which were actually written by hymns that were Very few facts about him will be. A number of facts which are recorded about each and every one of us is River now, as far as I can see in the digital world. And so the whole question of”
2020-02-29 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #76 – John Hopfield: Physics View of the Mind and Neurobiology · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Yeah, but I can only dream physics dreams. An interesting book called Einstein's Dreams, which alternates between Chapters on his life and descriptions of the way time might have been but isn't. the linking between these being, of course, ideas that Einstein might have had to think about the essence of time as he was thinking about time.”
2020-02-29 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #76 – John Hopfield: Physics View of the Mind and Neurobiology · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“If you look at There's molecules and there's psychological behavior. And these two are somehow related. They're layers of detail, their layers of collectiveness, and to capture that in some vague way. Several stages on the way up to see how these things can actually be linked together.”
2020-02-29 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #76 – John Hopfield: Physics View of the Mind and Neurobiology · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“They're out there. And a physics is going to contribute anything. It may contribute to trying to find out what those equations are and how to capture them from biology.”
2020-02-29 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #76 – John Hopfield: Physics View of the Mind and Neurobiology · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“You see that, and yet there's a lot of physics in the Navy Stokes equations, the equations of nonlinear hydrodynamics, huge amount of physics in them. All of the physics of atoms and molecules has been lost, but it's been replaced by this other set of equations, which is just as true as the equations at the bottom. Those equations are going to be harder to find into neurobiology The physicist in me says there are probably some equations of that sort.”
2020-02-29 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #76 – John Hopfield: Physics View of the Mind and Neurobiology · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“I think you'll be able to make. Better computationslash robotics that way than by trying to force things into a robotics where joint motors are powerful and stepping motors are accurate.”
2020-02-29 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #76 – John Hopfield: Physics View of the Mind and Neurobiology · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Yeah, and It's been pursued hard in the motor cortex, the motor cortex. Something Complex, and yet the problem you're trying to address is very simple. Neurobiology does it in ways that different from the way an engineer would do it, an engineer would put in. Six highly accurate stepping motors are controlling a limb. rather than a hundred thousand muscle fibers, each of which has to be individually controlled. And so understanding how to do things in a way which is much more forgiving and much more neural, I think would benefit the The engineering world Engineering world touch. Let's put our pressure sensor or two rather than an array of a gazillion pressure-to-pressure sensors, none of which are accurate, all of which are perpetually recalibrating themselves.”
2020-02-29 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #76 – John Hopfield: Physics View of the Mind and Neurobiology · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“It's interesting watching things go when I first became interested in neurobiology, most of the practitioners thought you would be able to understand neurobiology by techniques which allowed you to record only one cell at a time. very strongly reflected that point of view. And that's been taken over by a generation. A couple generations later by a set of people who say not until we can record from 10 to the four or 10 to the five at a time will we actually be able to understand how the brain actually works. A general sense, I think that's right. You have to begin to be able to look For the collective Modes of collective operations of things, it doesn't rely on this action potential or that cell. It relies on the collective properties of this set of cells connected with this kind of pattern.”
2020-02-29 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #76 – John Hopfield: Physics View of the Mind and Neurobiology · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“I know there have always been the interest both in Like getting the eyes to be able to control things or getting the thought patterns to be able to move what had been a connected limb which is now connected through a computer.”
2020-02-29 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #76 – John Hopfield: Physics View of the Mind and Neurobiology · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Yum, yum and look physics is always going to look for ways in which you can describe the system in a way which rises above the details. and to the hard died Biologist Biology works because of the details and physics to the physicists we want an explanation which is right in spite of the details and there will be questions which we cannot answer as physicists because the answer cannot be found that way.”
2020-02-29 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #76 – John Hopfield: Physics View of the Mind and Neurobiology · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“And that's never been the kind of problem. Which I've had any particular insight, though I must say, if you look at Cosmology is one of those if you look at the actual things that Jim Peebles, one of this year's Nobel Prize physics ones from the local physics department, the kinds of things he's done. He's never crunched large data, never, never, never. He has used the encapsulation of the work of others in this regard.”
2020-02-29 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #76 – John Hopfield: Physics View of the Mind and Neurobiology · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Look there obviously scientific questions in which he The root of the answer to it comes through the analysis of one hell of a lot of data.”
2020-02-29 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #76 – John Hopfield: Physics View of the Mind and Neurobiology · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Yeah, there's something in the way of what it means to be outside of the population of the training set. The population that the training set isn't just sort of the set of examples. There's more to it than that. And it gets back to my own question of what is it to understand something?”
2020-02-29 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #76 – John Hopfield: Physics View of the Mind and Neurobiology · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“That's right. That's right. And so if you see. A ball rolling across the street at dusk. That wasn't in Your training set, the idea that a child may be coming close behind that is not going to occur to the neural net.”
2020-02-29 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #76 – John Hopfield: Physics View of the Mind and Neurobiology · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“There's a creative element and. In a simple minded neural network. You have Constellation Instances from which you've learned If you are within that space, If the new question is a question within this space, You can actually Rely on that system pretty well to come up with a good suggestion for what to do. If, on the other hand, the query comes from outside the space. You have no way of knowing how the system is going to behave. There are no limitations on what can happen. And so the artificial neural net world is always very much I have a population of examples the test set must be drawn from the equivalent population. If the test set has examples which are from a population which is completely different There's no way that you could expect to get the answer right.”
2020-02-29 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #76 – John Hopfield: Physics View of the Mind and Neurobiology · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Yo, yo. Now you could do that in a feed forward network because you've pre-calculated all kinds of things. But I think the way neurobiology does it hasn't pre-calculated. Everything Actually, it has parts of a dynamical system in which you're doing exploration In a way which is”
2020-02-29 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #76 – John Hopfield: Physics View of the Mind and Neurobiology · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Well, you look at the Simple net worth of one past networks. They don't support multiple hypotheses very well. As I have tried to work with very simple systems which do something which you might consider to be thinking, thought has to do with the ability to do mental exploration before you take a physical action.”
2020-02-29 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #76 – John Hopfield: Physics View of the Mind and Neurobiology · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Both don't, but it provides you with a metaphor for thinking about systems which are stable and to have these attractors behave even if you can't find a Lyapunov function behind them or an energy function behind them. It gives you a metaphor for thought”
2020-02-29 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #76 – John Hopfield: Physics View of the Mind and Neurobiology · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“You have to run it. There's a subset of systems which has what exactly known to the mathematicians as a Lyapunov function. And those systems you can understand convergent dynamics by saying you're going downhill on something or other. And that's what I found ever knowing what Leopinol functions were. In the simple model I made in the early eighties was that energy functions you could understand how you could get this channeling under pathways. Without having to follow the dynamics in an infinite detail. Started rolling a ball at the top of a mountain, it's going to wind up in the bottom of a valley. You know that's true without actually watching the ball roll down”
2020-02-29 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #76 – John Hopfield: Physics View of the Mind and Neurobiology · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Most dynamical systems, most driven dynamical systems by driven, they're coupled somehow to an energy source and so if their dynamics keeps going because of the coupling to the energy source. Most of them it's very difficult to understand it all with the dynamical behavior is going to be.”
2020-02-29 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #76 – John Hopfield: Physics View of the Mind and Neurobiology · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Funneling down so you can't be any so that if you start somewhere in the dynamical system, you will soon find yourself on a pretty well-determined pathway which goes somewhere. You start somewhere else, you'll wind up on a different pathway. But I don't have just all possible things. You have some defined pathways which are allowed and onto which you will converge. That's the way you make a stable computer and that's the way you make a stable behavior.”
2020-02-29 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #76 – John Hopfield: Physics View of the Mind and Neurobiology · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“And the easiest way to get that is to do it in a high-dimensional space where some of the dimensions provide the dissipation which has been A clever physical system. Trajectories can't contract everywhere. They have to contract in some places and expand in others. There's a fundamental classical theorem of statistical mechanics which goes under the name of Leouville's theorem, which says Can't contract everywhere. If you contract somewhere, you expand somewhere else. An interesting physical system, you get driven systems where you have a small subsystem, which is the interesting part, and the rest of the contraction expansion, the physicist would say, is entropy flow in this other part of the system. But basically, a track your networks are Dynamics”
2020-02-29 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #76 – John Hopfield: Physics View of the Mind and Neurobiology · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“He has to be willing to think in a huge number of dimensions because there's a huge number of dimensions the behavior of a system can be thought of as just the motion of a point over time in this huge number of dimensions And an attraction network is simply a network where there is a line and other lines converge on it in time. That's the essence of an attractor network. That's how you...”
2020-02-29 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #76 – John Hopfield: Physics View of the Mind and Neurobiology · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Lots of different, and if you don't push quite that far, you can say. Essentially all of neurobiology which is relevant can be captured by classical equations of motion. Because in my view of the mysteries of the brain are not the mysteries of quantum mechanics, but the mysteries of what can happen when you have a dynamical system, driven system with 10 to the fourteen parts. That complexity is something which is The physical complex systems is at least as badly understood as the physics of phase coherence in quantum mechanics.”
2020-02-29 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #76 – John Hopfield: Physics View of the Mind and Neurobiology · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“From my point of view, that's correct. And of course, Like everybody else think very muddily about things, the closer related question about free will. Do you believe you have free will This will give an offhand answer and then backtrack, backtrack, backtrack. They realized that the answer they gave must fundamentally contradict the laws of physics.”
2020-02-29 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #76 – John Hopfield: Physics View of the Mind and Neurobiology · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“I find it unconvincing for a smoking gun reason. I go on and collecting views without actually having taken a very strong one myself because I haven't seen the entry point, not seeing the smoking gun from the point of view of physics, I don't see the entry point. Whereas in neurobiology, once they understood the idea of a collective, an evolution of dynamics, which could be described as a collective phenomenon, I thought, ah, there is a point where what I know about physics is so different from any neurobiologist that I have something I might be able to contribute.”
2020-02-29 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #76 – John Hopfield: Physics View of the Mind and Neurobiology · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“That's a A very hard one, but I asked Francis Crick about consciousness. He launched forward a long monologue about Mendel and the Ps. and how Mendel knew that there was something, and how biologists understood that there was something in inheritance. Which Very, very different and the effect that inherited traits didn't just wash out into a gray, but this or this and propagated. That was absolutely fundamental to biology, and it took generations of biologists to understand that there was genetics, and it took another generation or two to understand that genetics came from DNA. But very shortly after Mendel, thinking biologists did realize that there was a deep problem about inheritance. Francis would have liked to have said, and that's why I'm working on consciousness. But of course, he didn't have any smoking gun in the sense of Mendel.”
2020-02-29 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #76 – John Hopfield: Physics View of the Mind and Neurobiology · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“John Dean ultimately realized the only way to keep himself out of jail for a long time was actually to tell some of the truths about Nixon, and John Dean was a tremendous witness. He would remember these conversations. In great detail and very convincing detail. And long afterward some of the tapes, the secret tapes from which these Jean was recalling these conversations. were published, and one found out that John Dean had a good but not exceptional memory what he had was an ability to paint vividly and in some sense accurately the tone of what was going on”
2020-02-29 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #76 – John Hopfield: Physics View of the Mind and Neurobiology · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“That's right. And so much of what we do. For our memories of events, for example. If there's some traumatic event you witness, you will have a few facts about it correctly done. If somebody asks you about it, you will weave a narrative which is actually much more rich in detail than that. Based on some anchor points you have of correct things. And pulling together general knowledge on the other, but you will have a narrative. And once you generate that narrative, you are very likely to repeat that narrative and claim that all the things you have in it are actually the correct things. There was a marvelous example of that Watergate slash impeachment era of John Dean John Dean You're too young to know had been the personal lawyer of And so John Dean was involved in the cover up.”
2020-02-29 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #76 – John Hopfield: Physics View of the Mind and Neurobiology · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Nicholas Chater wrote an interesting book. The title of it is The Mind is Flat In a neural net sense, you might be flat as something which is a very broad neural net without any layers in depth, or as a deep brain would be many layers and not so broad. In the same sense that if you push Minsky hard enough he would probably have said consciousness is your effort to explain to yourself that That which you have already done.”
2020-02-29 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #76 – John Hopfield: Physics View of the Mind and Neurobiology · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Well, that's Marvin Minsky, the G20 consciousness, and Mervin said Consciousness is basically overrated. It may be an epiphenomenon. After all, all the things your brain does are actually hard computations. You do non consciously. And there's so much evidence that even the simple things you do. Could make decisions, you can make committed decisions about them, the neurobiologist can say he's now committed, he's going to move the hand left. Before you know it.”
2020-02-29 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #76 – John Hopfield: Physics View of the Mind and Neurobiology · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Every once in a while I got interested in consciousness and then I go and I've done that for years and ask one of my betters as it were their view on consciousness. And it's been interesting collecting them.”
2020-02-29 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #76 – John Hopfield: Physics View of the Mind and Neurobiology · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Dynamic feedback. Look, if you don't have feedback, it's a little bit like building a big computer and running it through one clock cycle. And then you can't do anything coming in. How do you use the fact that there are multiple clock cycles? How do I use the fact that you can close your eyes, stop listening to me, and think about a chessboard for two minutes without any input whatsoever?”
2020-02-29 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #76 – John Hopfield: Physics View of the Mind and Neurobiology · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“I don't think the brain As deep as the deepest networks go, The deepest computer science networks. And I do wonder whether part of that depth of the computer science networks is necessitated by the fact that the only learning is easily done on a machine. Is feed forward. And so there is the question of to what extent Is the biology which has some feed forward and some feedback. It captured by something which Got many more neurons, much more depth than neurons.”
2020-02-29 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #76 – John Hopfield: Physics View of the Mind and Neurobiology · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Something both computational and physical, computational and it's very much related to feed forward networks physical in the Both machine learning is really learning a set of parameters for physics Hamiltonian or energy function.”
2020-02-29 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #76 – John Hopfield: Physics View of the Mind and Neurobiology · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Darvis intrigued me that one of the most long lived of the learning systems. is the Boltzmann machine which is intrinsically a feedback network. And with brilliance of And then Sonowski, to understand how to do learning in that. and is still a useful way to understand learning and understand the The learning that you understand in that has something to do with the way that feed forward systems work, but it's not always exactly simple to express that intuition. It always amuses me to see Hinton going back to the will yet again on a form of the Boltzmann machine because really... That which has feedback an interesting probabilities in it lovely encapsulation of something in computational.”
2020-02-29 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #76 – John Hopfield: Physics View of the Mind and Neurobiology · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“a valley that you're following flowing down and if you push a little bit off the valley just like water being pushed a little bit by rock it gets back and follows the course of the river and that basically the analog In the physical system, which enables you to say, oh yes. Ever free computation and an associative memory are very much like things that I could understand from the point of view of a physical system. Physical system can be under some circumstances an accurate metaphor. It's not the only metaphor. There are error correction schemes which don't have a value in energy behind them. Those are correction schemes which a mathematician may view will understand, but I don't.”
2020-02-29 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #76 – John Hopfield: Physics View of the Mind and Neurobiology · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“And what Bipeper did was simply enable you. There are lots of ways of being robust. If you think of a dynamical system, you think of a system where a path is going on in time. And if you think of a computer that is a computational path which is going on in a huge dimensional space of ones and zeros, An error correction system is a system which, if you get a little bit off that trajectory, will push you back under that trajectory again so you get to the same answer in spite of the fact that there are things, so that the computation wasn't being ideally done all the way along the line. And there are lots of models for error correction, but one of the models for error correction is to say”
2020-02-29 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #76 – John Hopfield: Physics View of the Mind and Neurobiology · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“They didn't give insights Learning they gave insights about how things having learned could be expressed. Oh, having learned Picture of you reminds me of your name. But it didn't describe a reasonable way of actually doing the learning. Instead of if you had previously learned The connections of this kind of pattern would now be able to Behave in a physical way with today for the part of the pattern in here, the other pattern of the pattern will complete over here. Understand that physics if the right learning stuff had already been put in. Could understand by then putting in a picture of somebody else would generate something else over here. But it did not have a reasonable description of the learning process.”
2020-02-29 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #76 – John Hopfield: Physics View of the Mind and Neurobiology · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“I continuously dance between them because my whole notion of understanding. Is that you can describe to somebody else how something works in ways which are honest and believable? And still not describe all the nuts and bolts in detail. I can describe whether the ten to the thirty two molecules colliding in the atmosphere, I can simulate whether that way I have a big enough machine. I'll simulate it accurately. It's no good for understanding. I want to understand things. I want to understand things in terms of wind patterns, hurricanes, pressure differentials, and so on, all things as their collective The physicists in me always hopes that biology will have some things which can be said about it which are both true and for which you don't need all the molecular details of the molecules colliding.”
2020-02-29 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #76 – John Hopfield: Physics View of the Mind and Neurobiology · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Yeah, yeah. And there's nothing necessarily separating the timescales. When the time scales can be separated, it's neat from the physicists or the mathematicians' point of view, but it's not necessarily true.”
2020-02-29 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #76 – John Hopfield: Physics View of the Mind and Neurobiology · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“And so as I look more deeply at neurobiology, even at associative memory, I've got to face the fact that the dynamics of a synapse change is going on all the time. And I can't just get by by saying I'll do the dynamics of an activity with fixed synapses.”
2020-02-29 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #76 – John Hopfield: Physics View of the Mind and Neurobiology · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Let me backtrack just a little bit. Is about dynamical systems. Computers are dynamical systems. If you want the martyr biology, if you want to mortal neurobiology, What is the time scale? There is a dynamical system of a fairly fast time scale in which you could say the synapses don't change much during this computation. So I'll think of the synthesis fixed and just do the dynamics of the activity. Or you can say Synapses are changing fast enough that I have to have the synaptic dynamics working at the same time as the system dynamics. In order to understand the biology. If you look at the feed forward artificial neural nets. They're all done as learnings first of all I spend some time learning not performing then I turn off learning and I perform That's not biology.”
2020-02-29 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #76 – John Hopfield: Physics View of the Mind and Neurobiology · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“And you have to compress it in such a way that the information comes in just like this again. I don't bother to rewrite Or efforts to rewrite it simply do not yield anything because those things are already written. And that needs to be not looked this up somewhere already. It's got to be something which is much more automatic in the machine hardware.”
2020-02-29 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #76 – John Hopfield: Physics View of the Mind and Neurobiology · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“It doesn't slavishly remember anything in particular, but it compacts the information into a useful chunks which are somehow these chunks which are not just activities of neurons from bigger things than that, which are the real entities which are useful to you.”
2020-02-29 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #76 – John Hopfield: Physics View of the Mind and Neurobiology · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“That works. That's right. Now, if you look at what I did, I didn't at all describe a system which gracefully learns. I described a system which you could understand how learning could link things together. How very crudely it might learn. One of the things which intrigues me as I reinvestigate that system now to some extent is the I see you. I'll see you every second for the next hour or what have you. Each look at you as a little bit different. I don't store all these things. Second by second images. I don't store 3,000 images. I somehow compact this information. So I now have a view of you Which I can use”
2020-02-29 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #76 – John Hopfield: Physics View of the Mind and Neurobiology · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“What I meant 35 years ago was of course a crude physics model to show the kind Enable you to understand my old sense of understanding as a physicist because you could say, ah, I understand why this goes to stable states. It's like things going downhill. And that gives you something with which to think. In physical terms rather than only in mathematical terms.”
2020-02-29 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #76 – John Hopfield: Physics View of the Mind and Neurobiology · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source