YouSaid · the spoken record

Judi Sheppard Missett

lines on the record: 77
first: 2021-01-18
most recent: 2021-01-18
sittings or episodes: 1
sources: podcast

Every line below is reproduced as it was said and linked to the record it came from. Nothing here is summarised or generated. Directory · Search · Corrections

“Yeah it is I I find it still hard to believe I'm very honored by it, and I respect it, and I feel responsible. But yeah, it's still often difficult for me to believe because, you know, at heart, and this might sound sappy, but at heart I still feel like I'm that little Iowa girl, you know, growing up in the Midwest, having that hard work ethic and get up in the morning and do what you can and make a difference. So if I can say that I've made a difference in somebody's life and more people than I would have thought, I will die happy. I will.”
2021-01-18 · How I Built This with Guy Raz · Jazzercise: Judi Sheppard Missett · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT
“Yeah, I think it's 50 50. For me, that's really what I feel. I think, you know, timing has been right in so many instances, which we talked about. But then, you know, the timing can be right and it can be sitting right out there in front of you. But if you don't take advantage of it and you don't have the awareness that this is something you got to do and you're going to have to work your dairy air off to make it happen, then it ain't going to happen.”
2021-01-18 · How I Built This with Guy Raz · Jazzercise: Judi Sheppard Missett · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT
“That's exactly right. And I've got to tell you if something happened to me tomorrow, this company would go on. It would be wonderful.”
2021-01-18 · How I Built This with Guy Raz · Jazzercise: Judi Sheppard Missett · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT
“You know, it was fun. I mean, I think it did come naturally to me, even though my mother used to say when I was growing up, because she was such a great business person, but she always would say, oh, Judy, I'll never be a business person because she just don't have a head for figures. But let me tell you, the secret, I think, to anybody's success is having people around you who lift you up, people who are passionate about your passion, but who have their own passion that they bring to the party. And I have been extremely lucky in being able to have those kinds of people around me all the time. They're smart. And I want them to be smarter than I am. That's one of my gifts to find people like that and let them help me. Because goodness knows I don't know everything.”
2021-01-18 · How I Built This with Guy Raz · Jazzercise: Judi Sheppard Missett · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT
“So there's a lot of options and the diversity is what we love. And we always say to our franchisees, when you look out at your customers, you should be seeing all kinds of different people. Kinds of bodies shapes, all kinds of colors and ages. And because somebody who is older sixty five can do the class right along somebody who's twenty five, and you know you make friends with a twenty five year old or a 25 year old goes to coffee with 55-year-olds and everybody enjoys it.”
2021-01-18 · How I Built This with Guy Raz · Jazzercise: Judi Sheppard Missett · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT
“Well, each franchise is different depending on the area that they're in and so forth. But the average would be maybe around 79, $69 a month.”
2021-01-18 · How I Built This with Guy Raz · Jazzercise: Judi Sheppard Missett · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT
“Yeah, it's been challenging, but we're really doing quite well. We were able to pivot almost overnight. The minute our classes shut down, we were able to bring our customers all over the world onto our jazzer size on demand app so that they wouldn't have to miss class because they could do them online. And with this app, they can do them at three in the morning or whatever works for you. So that really kept a lot of our customers with us. Now, granted, sure, we've lost some. But as time has evolved, we not only have those kinds of classes available, we also helped our instructors be able to Live stream their own classes to their own customers. So they've been able to keep them.”
2021-01-18 · How I Built This with Guy Raz · Jazzercise: Judi Sheppard Missett · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT
“Um well sure it's a little frustrating, but I certainly accept it and understand why people might think that way. The thing about it is we're really thriving right now in a time when a lot of other businesses are not and a lot of other fitness businesses are not thriving. I think it's when people say, oh, is Jazzercise still around or are they still, you know, doing what my mom used to do? Well, I say to them, stop and think for a minute. Would we still be around if we were doing the same things? Of course not. The reason we're the only fitness company that started way back when that still thriving is because we've made good choices. We have changed through the decades. We've never stayed the same.”
2021-01-18 · How I Built This with Guy Raz · Jazzercise: Judi Sheppard Missett · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT
“So we weren't able to hold on to some of those customers. But one of the things that we did is we put together a new structure to help us with that problem called a Jazzerize Associate, which is an instructor who doesn't run a business, who only teaches for instructors who own their own chazer size business. If an owner decided to retire, usually there was an associate who could take over and keep the customers and keep the classes. That worked really well.”
2021-01-18 · How I Built This with Guy Raz · Jazzercise: Judi Sheppard Missett · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT
“Yeah, it was. It was a hard decade. You know, we'd been around for a long time. And we were having instructors retire. And when they retired, their classes weren't replaced”
2021-01-18 · How I Built This with Guy Raz · Jazzercise: Judi Sheppard Missett · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT
“That was a thing. It Yeah, well, it never really bothered me because I felt like the people who were celebrities, and of course we have Richard Simmons as well, you know, all getting into it, it just gave people more awareness. And then they could pick what they wanted to do. But I don't consider myself a celebrity. I am the founder of this program and this company, and we have many, many, many people who are representative of the program in our instructors. Whereas the people who are celebrities are pretty much just that. You know, they were just one person. We were thousands of people. And, you know, there were times when, you know, I've met Jane and all those other people and we've gotten awards all of us together. And, you know, it's always very friendly and it's always been just fine.”
2021-01-18 · How I Built This with Guy Raz · Jazzercise: Judi Sheppard Missett · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT
“Oh, you know, I was always an advocate for women's rights ever since my Northwestern days, but I have always tried to keep jazzercise apolitical, apologious, you know, all of those things. But on my own, I was always vocal about women's rights. And I was always proud that I was helping women become business people and to build a business that they could use and hopefully thrive with. So in my own way, even though we were not standing on our soapbox preaching women's rights, we were doing it in a subtle way, and we still do today, of course.”
2021-01-18 · How I Built This with Guy Raz · Jazzercise: Judi Sheppard Missett · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT
“And what about a t shirt? And I was like, oh my gosh. So I went to Connie and I said, Hey, do you want to go into business with me a little bit? We'll make some t-shirts and some leotards and sell them in class and see what happens. So that's what we did. And we sold out in two days.”
2021-01-18 · How I Built This with Guy Raz · Jazzercise: Judi Sheppard Missett · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT
“I know, I know but anyway I you know okay so then the interesting thing was I went on this show but I thought before I went on I thought you know I need to wear something that says jazzer size on it And I had an instructor who was also an artist and a good friend. And I said, Connie, can you design like a logo? And we'll put it on the front of the Leotard. And she designed this cute chazerise and had a couple of little exercise dancer figures on it. And I wore it on the show. Well, when I taught class the next day everybody came up to me Where can we get those leotards? We want those, you know.”
2021-01-18 · How I Built This with Guy Raz · Jazzercise: Judi Sheppard Missett · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT
“Yes, and I had this one woman who was helping me. Did the show, and it was very successful, the book sold over 400,000 copies, which is at the time I didn't know if that was good or bad. It didn't sound like it was very good to me, but...”
2021-01-18 · How I Built This with Guy Raz · Jazzercise: Judi Sheppard Missett · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT
“I had written a book in the late 70s with another woman who happened to be in my class. So he wrote this book with pictures of how to do different exercises and, you know, a little history of dance and all of that. And the publisher was Bannon Books, which was quite a large publisher. And my husband said, well, what are they going to do to market the book? And I said, well, I don't know what they're going to do to promote it. But the dinosaur show was hit.”
2021-01-18 · How I Built This with Guy Raz · Jazzercise: Judi Sheppard Missett · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT
“Yeah. Out the door we went well, you know, here we are guy 51 years later and still thriving and that bank went out of business. Like seven years after I had talked to that guy. I don't know who's the smart one here.”
2021-01-18 · How I Built This with Guy Raz · Jazzercise: Judi Sheppard Missett · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT
“Well, we were doing fine. We never really had to do that. And there was one time that Margaret, my COO, said, well, you know, I think we should try to get a line of credit just in case something big comes up and we need money for it. And so we had been banking with this one bank in Carlsbad. And there corporate headquarters were in LA. So we go to LA. We have all of our papers, all of our ducks in a row to show them how well we're doing and everything. And so the gentleman looks through everything and I could tell he wasn't impressed. He looked at me and he said, well, it looks like you're doing really well in the Southern California area. Few other places But he said, you know, I just don't see this as being something that will grow. And it's an exercise thing, and I just don't know if that's really going to catch on.”
2021-01-18 · How I Built This with Guy Raz · Jazzercise: Judi Sheppard Missett · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT
“Exactly, and even today our startup fee is only twelve fifty. $1,250. But so you had that expense and your wardrobe and, you know. It's a little bit more involved than that. We have better sound systems for people who have brick and mortar. It's going to be more expensive, but they have control of that as far as if they do have a brick and mortar, if they don't build it themselves and they rent it, it's, you know, their rent and their billout and all that.”
2021-01-18 · How I Built This with Guy Raz · Jazzercise: Judi Sheppard Missett · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT
“Correct They would have a low franchise fee, which really paid for their training. And then they would have a continuing franchise fee, which would be monthly based on the amount of money that they took in. And, you know, that worked well. And in fact, in the 80s, there were two big franchises, us and Domino's pizza, which is kind of ironic because it's sort of like, well, dominoes kind of kept us in business. And then we would get people fed and they could go eat their pizza. So it was a trade.”
2021-01-18 · How I Built This with Guy Raz · Jazzercise: Judi Sheppard Missett · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT
“Know, we didn't quite fit into every little niche, but we fit into enough so we turned it around and we made it into a franchise and I didn't lose one instructor that I can remember. Everybody understood it, you know.”
2021-01-18 · How I Built This with Guy Raz · Jazzercise: Judi Sheppard Missett · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT
“So you don't fit into that niche, and you're going to get into trouble if you don't make some changes. And I said, okay, give me my options. And they said, well, you can make them employees, or you can make them a franchisee. And this is like 1980, around 80, 81. And I said, okay, well, I know what employees are and I don't want to do that because all these women feel like it's their business. You know, they know they're tied into me, but they have a lot of options. And it's their own business, and I don't want to take that away from them. So they said, Well, then franchising is the way to go. But, you know, at the time franchising wasn't what it is today. Back then, it was Burger King or McDonald's.”
2021-01-18 · How I Built This with Guy Raz · Jazzercise: Judi Sheppard Missett · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT
“Yeah. Well, I had to. I mean, it was growing. I brought in another woman who kind of helped me with marketing. Then I had to get an accountant, of course, and an attorney. And I actually. A couple of people to be workshop trainers for me, so the new instructors would come to the workshop and I wouldn't have to train them, but these designated women that I trusted were then the trainers. That was a great thing to be able to do. Have them do that. But then all of these instructors, they're all independent contractors. So, you know, we're getting. There's like a thousand of them now, and they're all over hither and thither. And my accountant and my attorney, they said, you know, you're going to have to make a decision here because you're asking more from them than just being an independent contractor.”
2021-01-18 · How I Built This with Guy Raz · Jazzercise: Judi Sheppard Missett · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT
“It is, but we have a lot more brick and mortar now. Yeah. Well, and of course eventually I stopped going out and had my own brick and mortar place as well. But now I realized I had to have some help with this organization. It was just growing like crazy. And so the woman who had helped me with the copyright, I asked her, would you be able to come and kind of be my manager for all of this? And she said, Oh my God, I'd love to. I don't want to work for my husband anymore. And I want to get my MBA. So she said, I can do that and work for you. And her name was Margaret Stanton. And she was with me for over 20 years and became my COO.”
2021-01-18 · How I Built This with Guy Raz · Jazzercise: Judi Sheppard Missett · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT
“Charge people and made money from it. Well, when I train those first instructors, we worked out a commission process that they would pay me a certain percentage for the choreography and the instruction and the training. And then the rest of it, they could keep. And then when people started moving to other parts of the country, the instructors continued to pay a percentage back to Jazzercise.”
2021-01-18 · How I Built This with Guy Raz · Jazzercise: Judi Sheppard Missett · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT
“Right. And, you know, we had these military people moving out, and then other people, for example, there was One of the gals who was in my class, and she wanted to become an instructor. Her husband was the quarterback for the Cleveland Browns. Wow. So she went to Ohio And then, of course, as she taught people in her class wanted to be instructors, and she said to me, Judy, can I train some of the, they all happen to be wives of the browns? And I said, sure.”
2021-01-18 · How I Built This with Guy Raz · Jazzercise: Judi Sheppard Missett · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT
“And my husband had a background in broadcasting. So he said, well, I'll videotape you. And then the instructors, whoever it is, we can send them the tape and then they'll be able to see the real live thing. And it was brilliant. We were able to expand on a more national basis because of that, because eventually we didn't have just two video recorders. Our living room in our little rented house in Vista was filled with recorders.”
2021-01-18 · How I Built This with Guy Raz · Jazzercise: Judi Sheppard Missett · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT
“You know, my performer ego kind of came to light there, but it worked out. And then as I got more requests for more classes, for new classes, the requests were coming from all over. People were coming from everywhere. Now I was bringing people we would come to my little rented house and visit California and train. And I had a lot of women who were Either in the military or they were spouses, significant other, you know, And they got deployed, or they got, they had to move, and they wanted to keep teaching. And they said, Well, you know, can we? I said, well, I guess so, let's try it, but it's really hard to interpret the written choreography into the real thing. But guess what came out on the market about that same time home recorders and video cameras.”
2021-01-18 · How I Built This with Guy Raz · Jazzercise: Judi Sheppard Missett · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT
“Well, there were two sides to that. First is yes, I was worried about that. And the second thing was I was worried that they'd be too good and then nobody would like me anymore. Yeah.”
2021-01-18 · How I Built This with Guy Raz · Jazzercise: Judi Sheppard Missett · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT
“Well, in the meantime, I went and searched for a microphone for myself, and let me tell you guys it was a search. I went through every kind of mic there was. I had lavalier mics that hooked around my neck, but it was so big that it would bounce on my chest. And when I got done teaching a big old bruise. Finally, I found one that was a lavalier mic that was smaller and had a kind of a big old battery pack, but I could get a belt, clip it onto the belt, and then stick the lavalier, you know, on my leotard. And that worked pretty darn well. And it amplified my voice and my nodules went down. And as I trained instructors, they all got microphones like that. I really believe I was certainly the pioneer of all that.”
2021-01-18 · How I Built This with Guy Raz · Jazzercise: Judi Sheppard Missett · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT
“And so during those five days, I had time to think. And I thought, maybe I could train some people to help me if I picked women who had been with me in my classes for a while and who had dance backgrounds or physical education backgrounds. So I train five women. gave them the choreography notes got the music for them about a week later i got all these calls from other customers saying oh judy thank you so much for training these instructors because we knew you were going to cancel our class and we just didn't want that and now you've got help and and they were great and thank you and wow that was such Relief, you know.”
2021-01-18 · How I Built This with Guy Raz · Jazzercise: Judi Sheppard Missett · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT
“Well, my body was okay, but my voice by the end of the week, by Friday, I was whispering. I had no voice. So I went to the doctor, the doctor said, Okay, you have nodules on your vocal cords. I can help you with them. First of all, you have to stay silent for five days. And let the swelling go down. He said, Then you gotta figure out, you got to do something differently, you know, with what you're doing. He said, maybe you need to quit teaching so many classes. And, you know, I was devastated because that's scary. He said, if I didn't do something differently, I would lose my voice permanently. So I stopped talking for five days. Actually, Jack kept the notepad that I used to communicate Dr. Pepper or whatever.”
2021-01-18 · How I Built This with Guy Raz · Jazzercise: Judi Sheppard Missett · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT
“7 And in the back to the right. Okay, straight. That's exactly what I was doing, yes. By nineteen, around 1977, I was teaching about 30 classes a week. Yeah.”
2021-01-18 · How I Built This with Guy Raz · Jazzercise: Judi Sheppard Missett · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT
“We were, we were. Now, there were times when Jack took occasional jobs one Christmas he was a Santa Another time he worked in a bakery because he just wasn't that interested in going back into news he'd had job offers but he just you know he liked taking care of Shanna and he liked seeing me do what I was doing he was very supportive and so yeah we were getting along we weren't lavishly you know living but It was fine.”
2021-01-18 · How I Built This with Guy Raz · Jazzercise: Judi Sheppard Missett · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT
“Yeah, and this one woman came up to me and she said, I work for my husband who's an attorney. And my dad is a copyright attorney in Washington, D.C. for Westinghouse. So I think I could help you. She looked it up and she and I filled out the form, sent them in, and we got the name.”
2021-01-18 · How I Built This with Guy Raz · Jazzercise: Judi Sheppard Missett · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT
“Yeah, I did. I'd liked it right away, but I had to think about it a little bit more, and then I liked it even more. It kind of says it all. And then my husband said to me, are you going to use that name? And I said, Yeah, I think I will. And he said, well, you know, you might think about copyrighting it. So I ask in my classes in Carlsbad, I said, does anybody here know anything about, you know, copywriting? Anything”
2021-01-18 · How I Built This with Guy Raz · Jazzercise: Judi Sheppard Missett · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT
“Well, I had a customer in the La Jolla Y where I was teaching and she said to me one day You need a name for this and I said well what have you got in mind? And she said why don't you call it jazzer size because it's exercise but it's also jazz dance and I think wow yeah”
2021-01-18 · How I Built This with Guy Raz · Jazzercise: Judi Sheppard Missett · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT
“And that's what they would do. They would put their money in a can. And sign their name on a piece of paper, and there it was.”
2021-01-18 · How I Built This with Guy Raz · Jazzercise: Judi Sheppard Missett · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT
“Was eventually this guy quit, and there was another guy that came in. And so I talked to him and I said, why don't you let me collect the money? And then I will pay you your percentage, and I will keep books and I will do, you know, the whole thing. And he said that would be much easier for us and you. I said, yeah, everybody wins.”
2021-01-18 · How I Built This with Guy Raz · Jazzercise: Judi Sheppard Missett · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT
“And I need it today by four o'clock because if I don't have it, I don't know if you know this or not, but my brother-in-law is the publisher of the local paper. And I think that might be a really good story. He would be interested in. And he goes, oh, well, you wouldn't do that. I said, well, no, I won't do it if I get my check at four. We'll see. I don't know. It's short notice. I said, no, no, no. It's not short notice. I was supposed to have a two months ago, so you see what you can do. And I just turned around and walked out. I was so mad. And I went back and four, and the secretary was there, and she handed me an envelope and I opened it up. And inside was the check. So what happened out of that?”
2021-01-18 · How I Built This with Guy Raz · Jazzercise: Judi Sheppard Missett · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT
“Do you think that I don't have training in this? Do you think these people are all coming for no reason? Because there's a reason why they're coming. And the reason is me. And I'm doing a good job for you. So I said, I need that check”
2021-01-18 · How I Built This with Guy Raz · Jazzercise: Judi Sheppard Missett · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT
“I don't know. I think it was his fear. That people would think I was making too much money. And that, you know, I'm not, I wasn't a doctor or a lawyer or, you know, I was teaching fitness. And it didn't deserve to be paid like that.”
2021-01-18 · How I Built This with Guy Raz · Jazzercise: Judi Sheppard Missett · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT
“I did have that, not at the why, but when I did Parks and Recreation In Carlsbad they collected the money, but then it got to be so big it just ballooned and you know just tons of people and then I noticed I wasn't getting paid And I went into the director of Parks and Rec and I said, you know, I haven't been paid in a couple of months and I really could use the money. And he said, well, I know, but it's quite a bit of money. And I have to turn this in to get it approved at the city council. And it just kind of embarrassing that here you are, you know, this little exercise class and you're making all this money.”
2021-01-18 · How I Built This with Guy Raz · Jazzercise: Judi Sheppard Missett · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT
“Yes, the local people and some that were involved in military. Now, what happened was I got all these requests for classes. And as these requests for classes came in, there were more and more. I just kept saying, okay, yeah, I can teach that and try to figure out the schedules, you know, and. But I would have 100 people in the class.”
2021-01-18 · How I Built This with Guy Raz · Jazzercise: Judi Sheppard Missett · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT
“That well, in the beginning in Oceanside, it was at the Pier Recreation Center. It's right off the ocean and the pier. And it was a nice size group, maybe 10 people. I mean, it was better than two. And although I've taught classes to do people too, but after I finish the class, they were like, What is this? Oh my God, this is so much fun. I got to tell all my friends. And they did”
2021-01-18 · How I Built This with Guy Raz · Jazzercise: Judi Sheppard Missett · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT
“I didn't care. Frankly, money has never been a motivator for me. I just wanted to try out this class and see if people would like it.”
2021-01-18 · How I Built This with Guy Raz · Jazzercise: Judi Sheppard Missett · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT
“Yeah, well, I don't know that we had a plan. We knew we had enough money saved that we could figure out what we wanted to do for a year or so, you know. And we actually settled in Oceanside, which is north San Diego County. And I thought, okay, well, you know, I'd like to try teaching this class dance for fun and fitness or something like that. So I just found some parks and recreation departments and told them what I was doing. And everybody just was very open and like, oh sure, let's see what Shir can do. And the YMCAs, a couple of them. And you know that Southern California is so body beautiful and health conscious even back then.”
2021-01-18 · How I Built This with Guy Raz · Jazzercise: Judi Sheppard Missett · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT
“Well, they fired forty people. And Jack was one of them. And so it was like, okay, we have savings and he has a family out here, which was, you know, nice. Then, of course, there's the Chicago weather. And we thought, oh, it's so pretty in California. And my agent in Chicago said, well, you know, if you go, I can still get you jobs out in LA. And I thought, okay, now I hated leaving Gus. But he was so supportive, and he goes, he just said to me, Judy, you know, go with your family and see what happens. You can always come back to Chicago. So, yeah.”
2021-01-18 · How I Built This with Guy Raz · Jazzercise: Judi Sheppard Missett · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT
“You know, dancers are notorious for being smokers, you know, because I, you know, they always had the false impression that smoking kept their weight down.”
2021-01-18 · How I Built This with Guy Raz · Jazzercise: Judi Sheppard Missett · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT
“That kind of stuff, yeah So I said, well, you know, that's okay. You can scale it down or whatever you want to do. And afterwards they're like, holy smokes, what do you do? And I said, well, what do you mean? They said, well, my God, you're better than a lot of the guys that come through here. And I said, well, I dance. That's what I do. They said, you're not a runner or, you know, a swimmer or anything. I said, no. And they were, you know, bowled over. And so that was another motivation for me to keep doing this class, you know.”
2021-01-18 · How I Built This with Guy Raz · Jazzercise: Judi Sheppard Missett · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT