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Lisa Randall

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101
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2015-10-24
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2015-10-24
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  1. Well, I think there was quite a lot to share, but I just really, I mean, I actually really find it rewarding. You know, you spend all these time, you know, I do research and you spend all this time writing a book. So it is so rewarding to me when people really are interested and really do want to understand these things. And that's what I'm minded for. So thank you.

    2015-10-24 · The Tim Ferriss Show · #115: Thinking About Extra Dimensions with Physicist Lisa Randall · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  2. The book is on Amazon. I have a Harvard account and I'm actually in the process of setting up a web account for the books that the only social media thing I do is Twitter right now and open that there will be a website just look for Lisa Randall or Dark Matter on the dinosaur's website. One of them will happen so

    2015-10-24 · The Tim Ferriss Show · #115: Thinking About Extra Dimensions with Physicist Lisa Randall · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  3. I have a Twitter account. My handle is actually not Lisa, but Lyra-L-I-R-A-N-D-E-A-L. But also, you know, in my book, I'd like to know if the points come across that people understand what I'm trying to explain. And also these various analogies, like do they get that working at you that they're not false?

    2015-10-24 · The Tim Ferriss Show · #115: Thinking About Extra Dimensions with Physicist Lisa Randall · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  4. That's a good question. I think I'd like to know which explanations that I've given in my book or even here, people find helpful.

    2015-10-24 · The Tim Ferriss Show · #115: Thinking About Extra Dimensions with Physicist Lisa Randall · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  5. Well, that's a good question. And I think a lot of it has to do with when people ask questions, taking the question seriously. I mean, that can be tedious and it's not all, I mean, not every question is a good question. But sometimes people will ask questions and they'll get cut off or they'll be ignored. And it tends to make you not want to ask questions. So I think, you know, basically you'll have to listen to each other. And if people listen to each other, I think they'll get more curious. and also be given opportunities, opportunities to explore, opportunities to read, opportunities to work on problems. I think people are naturally curious. So the question is not to get rid of the curiosity.

    2015-10-24 · The Tim Ferriss Show · #115: Thinking About Extra Dimensions with Physicist Lisa Randall · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  6. Just like everything else in America we tend to sort of go in extremes. I think everyone has to do something or everyone. I think there's a place for it. It shouldn't be everyone doing it, but there's a place for it.

    2015-10-24 · The Tim Ferriss Show · #115: Thinking About Extra Dimensions with Physicist Lisa Randall · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  7. So, you know, that's a tricky question. I would say the answer to that is no, which is a double negative there. So, I mean, I don't think everyone should work on it, but I do think there are ideas that come out of string theory, even if it itself isn't necessarily being tested. So it can be applied to other types of problems. I mean, some of the work that I did on extra dimensions of space came about because I was thinking about ideas from string theory and some of the implications of our ideas reflect on what can happen in string theory. String theory is also used to understand black holes, for example, and eventually there will be experimental tests of that. So you might not test the entire theory, but you can test pieces of it or use it to come up with methods. It's also been used for math. I'm not saying it's the only thing we should do, and I myself don't consider myself a stranger, so I do stuff at interfaces with it. I prefer to do things that are more directly connected to experiment. So I would say that, you know,

    2015-10-24 · The Tim Ferriss Show · #115: Thinking About Extra Dimensions with Physicist Lisa Randall · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  8. It's like really out there. But, you know, I talked about particle physics before. So string theorists think that the fundamental nature of matter is not just elementary porticles, but it's actually fundamental strings, which are oscillate to produce the different particles, but that fundamentally strings not particles. But that really would be a whole other hour. Okay. All right.

    2015-10-24 · The Tim Ferriss Show · #115: Thinking About Extra Dimensions with Physicist Lisa Randall · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  9. I just don't like wasting time. So I was like, can you just say what we mean here? It's like, I think also, you know, another thing is like I can actually argue a point without Like I can disagree with a person and still like them. It doesn't reflect on what I'm thinking about the person effect that I might disagree with their point of view. And I think that's also something very foreign to a lot of people. People take it personally. I don't mean a personal one.

    2015-10-24 · The Tim Ferriss Show · #115: Thinking About Extra Dimensions with Physicist Lisa Randall · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  10. I think it's because anything that's out of the norm is sort of initially scary. It's not like everyone thinks I'm scary, but I think you hear that this is woman's businesses, but whatever. I mean, people assume that there's sort of some foreign being or something. So I think maybe there's a little bit of that. I probably exaggerating closely. But I do know that people will misunderstand who I am a lot. I think also I have this annoying picture of being very direct. And I think, you know, like I said, I wasn't properly socialized, so I didn't learn all the proper circumlocutions.

    2015-10-24 · The Tim Ferriss Show · #115: Thinking About Extra Dimensions with Physicist Lisa Randall · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  11. I think the fact of the matter that in answer to your question is that scientists are people just like everyone else. Everyone likes to see other people doing what they're doing and they think what they're doing is most important. So I think just people have to be more open-minded. One of the amazing things of you ask, why did Einstein become known? It's because really read his work and realized it was important. Another physicist who was established read it and it was important. I think we just have to really listen to good ideas when we hear them. And that takes time and effort. But it's important.

    2015-10-24 · The Tim Ferriss Show · #115: Thinking About Extra Dimensions with Physicist Lisa Randall · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  12. Okay, now I'm Samba. You know, my reaction to that is to try to work on things where you can make progress. I mean, that's why before I worked on particle physics, but now, I mean, I still work on particle physics, but I'm working on dark matter because I think both theoretically and observationally in ways as what I call myself as a model builder. I mean, one of the roles I have is just new ways to look for new phenomena so we don't miss things with the observations that we do.

    2015-10-24 · The Tim Ferriss Show · #115: Thinking About Extra Dimensions with Physicist Lisa Randall · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  13. When you're actually going to experience it, but also, you know, when you see politics today, I feel like if people really actually had access to the actual information and not just present with one side, but really can get it, and that probably is insane because there's a lot of evidence that's not true, but I still would like to believe that people, you know, it's sort of what drives me to sort of do these things where you're writing books or talking about things. Because I want people to know more, they will do better things.

    2015-10-24 · The Tim Ferriss Show · #115: Thinking About Extra Dimensions with Physicist Lisa Randall · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  14. I guess the other thing, I'll add something to that. I think the other thing I believe, I don't know if people think it's insane, but I really like to believe that when people know more, they will make more sensible decisions. And that probably is insane because we don't always have evidence at all. But sometimes, you know, especially when trying to explain the kind of science I do, people will do like, why are you doing it? I do think that once people understand things, they will value them more When I first saw the big redwood forest, I understood, oh, this is why they want to preserve the forest. You can read about the spotted owl all you want.

    2015-10-24 · The Tim Ferriss Show · #115: Thinking About Extra Dimensions with Physicist Lisa Randall · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  15. I don't know if people think it's insane, but my answer to why there's something rather than nothing is probably a little bit unconventional. So that was probably the closest you can come to that.

    2015-10-24 · The Tim Ferriss Show · #115: Thinking About Extra Dimensions with Physicist Lisa Randall · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  16. It's just a really nice. I mean, it looks a little bit space agey, but I just like the organization of it. It just makes me feel happy when I

    2015-10-24 · The Tim Ferriss Show · #115: Thinking About Extra Dimensions with Physicist Lisa Randall · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  17. Just mythos, it's just that it was just really nice to get better soles on my shoes so that I could climb better The other thing is probably like this sounds really silly, but I got a human touch dishrock and it just looks so clean and efficient that it encourages me to be neater in my kitchen.

    2015-10-24 · The Tim Ferriss Show · #115: Thinking About Extra Dimensions with Physicist Lisa Randall · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  18. I'm going to give you two that are very different. One is probably a new climate issue, but another is actually I bought...

    2015-10-24 · The Tim Ferriss Show · #115: Thinking About Extra Dimensions with Physicist Lisa Randall · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  19. I capture the castle, which probably sounds like an odd choice for some of the businesses, but I just think it's a really lovely book about the importance of art and just understand the world and being surrounded by crazy people. It's sort of a young adult book by Jodie Smith, but it's just a lovely book. And so probably I've doing that too.

    2015-10-24 · The Tim Ferriss Show · #115: Thinking About Extra Dimensions with Physicist Lisa Randall · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  20. and to realize this really did make sense and was something that was relatively unexplored. It was really exciting. You know, when I'm writing a book, I feel successful. When I get the idea to match, you know, you sort of have a vision of what you want to be saying, you have vision of how you want to fit together and get some rather complicated ideas across. And so when I've done that to my satisfaction in a way that I find readable and enjoyable, I feel like that's a success also. When I'm doing a long time and I do this climb that I thought was going to be too hard, I feel successful. It's sort of these little achievements that make me feel happy.

    2015-10-24 · The Tim Ferriss Show · #115: Thinking About Extra Dimensions with Physicist Lisa Randall · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  21. Sorry, the idea of this dark matter that we're looking at that does have these interactions that can form a disk inside the Milky Way that could be denser. It was really, really interesting to put that all together.

    2015-10-24 · The Tim Ferriss Show · #115: Thinking About Extra Dimensions with Physicist Lisa Randall · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  22. That's interesting. You know, I do think that when you have even those little things where things tend to click or where you have some idea that you know is going somewhere, when we developed this idea of double district matter, it was very exciting. I don't know that I would consider it a success, but it was very satisfying.

    2015-10-24 · The Tim Ferriss Show · #115: Thinking About Extra Dimensions with Physicist Lisa Randall · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  23. That's my point. Everyone who's successful, what do you say about them? They'll think of all the things they've been doing. In many ways, you're very successful.

    2015-10-24 · The Tim Ferriss Show · #115: Thinking About Extra Dimensions with Physicist Lisa Randall · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  24. You asked me that. It's a really tough question. I don't know. I really don't know the answer, but I think there are people out there who are just very happy with what they're doing and that feeling they've done really. But it's hard because the successful people I know always are looking for more. So it's just, I'm sorry, I just don't have one name that comes to mind.

    2015-10-24 · The Tim Ferriss Show · #115: Thinking About Extra Dimensions with Physicist Lisa Randall · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  25. So, basic science is, you know, trying to understand DNA without trying to understand can it be useful? I mean, what will it do for me tomorrow? Applied science is more a thing I want to solve a disease. I want to build a computer. Quantum mechanics help with the development ultimately gave rise to electronics revolution in some sense through semiconductors. I can assure you people working on quantum mechanics were not thinking about an iPad. They were thinking about trying to understand how the atom could make sense. And so it's really, basic science is just trying to understand how to make sense of what the world is made of, how to make sense of how things work. Applied science is trying to see, answer the question of your listener, the leader. Can you use this to make my life better tomorrow?

    2015-10-24 · The Tim Ferriss Show · #115: Thinking About Extra Dimensions with Physicist Lisa Randall · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  26. Basic research matters and it comes down to help us and it also gets people excited about science. It gets people, you know, I don't think it's coincidence that places that have great science also have good economies, good healthcare. There's correlations and it's because people who value these things are valuing what's important

    2015-10-24 · The Tim Ferriss Show · #115: Thinking About Extra Dimensions with Physicist Lisa Randall · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  27. So, okay, so here's the question I have. for your fans. Does matter. I mean, I think nothing matters more than sort of understanding what's going on, what the universe is made of, how we got here. Yes, you know, we can maybe find ways to cure disease and live another day. We can find perhaps new sources of energy and be able to power our gadgets more. But I mean, and that's all fun, and it's certainly enjoyable. And we think of that as a purpose. But there's another purpose, which is just to really learn things, understand things, value things, have culture, be human beings. And so I know that for many people that might not be the most satisfactory answer, and to those people I can remind you that the most basic science, we didn't know what the implications or applications would be at the time. And that doesn't just apply to this. I mean, I can guarantee that Watson and Crick were not trying to solve cancer when they were exploring DNA.

    2015-10-24 · The Tim Ferriss Show · #115: Thinking About Extra Dimensions with Physicist Lisa Randall · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  28. Vertical physicists, those people who really study what's happening in the Lord McLeod. We're looking forward to understanding two things if we're lucky. One is connected to the question of why is the Higgs mass what it is without something else around we would actually expect it to be like 60 orders of magnitude heavier, like ridiculously heavy. But we know that's not the case. And we know what the Higgs boson mass is. So the question is, what else is there? And so it turns out the answer to that question involves some very exotic ideas, like extrasymmetries of space or this idea of an extra dimension of space I talked about. The other thing that people hope we might get some insight into has to do with dark matter. It could be that a dark matter particle can be produced at the large hadroncle either if one of these ideas about what's going on with the Higgs mass is correct. We don't know that's the case.

    2015-10-24 · The Tim Ferriss Show · #115: Thinking About Extra Dimensions with Physicist Lisa Randall · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  29. how elementary particles and by elementary particles I mean things like quartz and electrons how they get their mass they don't just have mass from the gecko if they did the theory would make totally nonsensical predictions like probabilities of interactions of high energies being greater than one it really required some sort of mechanism and that mechanism is the stakes mechanism having to do with essentially discharge without space and that seems really confusing it's because it is it's hard to understand without really going through all the math with it but that's essentially the essence of what's going on

    2015-10-24 · The Tim Ferriss Show · #115: Thinking About Extra Dimensions with Physicist Lisa Randall · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  30. But the idea is in some sense to try to give just a sense of what it's saying is that throughout space there's like a Higgs charge, not actual particles, but like a charge, and particles that get mass through the Higgs mechanism, essentially interact with that charge. And ones that are heavier interact more, ones that are lighter interact less. The Higgs boson is connected to that field that's spread throughout space. So the Higgs boson interacts with heavier particles more, with lighter particles less. And so it does two things for us as scientists. It tells us first of all the idea of the Higgs mechanism is in fact correct, and it also gives us some idea of what it was that produced that charge in the first place. It tells us that we call the Higgs field, which is what spread throughout space. So the discovery of the Higgs boson really tells us.

    2015-10-24 · The Tim Ferriss Show · #115: Thinking About Extra Dimensions with Physicist Lisa Randall · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  31. So I actually wrote an ebook called. Where I try to discuss it because I have to say when I wrote my first books, the Higgs boson is probably one of the hardest things to explain. But let me just give you a couple of answers. First of all, it exposon is evidence, experimental evidence, that our theory of how particles acquire their mass is correct. So the actual way particles get their mass is not from the Higgs boson itself, which is a particle, but from something called Higgs mechanism, which involves something called the Higgs field. So these are all different, so it's a little confusing.

    2015-10-24 · The Tim Ferriss Show · #115: Thinking About Extra Dimensions with Physicist Lisa Randall · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  32. Should I say that again? A brain, E-R-A-M-E. say a three-dimensional surface in higher dimensional space so maybe it's as boring as the ball just stays in the three dimensions of the brain if the ball wants to get off the brain it has to be made of something that can exist in those other dimensions but we have very serious observational constraints of what the extra dimensions can look like so I think my so I'm going to take the compout solution right now which is not crazy at all and just say if there is an extra dimension the tennis ball might not be going there

    2015-10-24 · The Tim Ferriss Show · #115: Thinking About Extra Dimensions with Physicist Lisa Randall · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  33. Well, first of all, you have to explain to me what that tennis ball is saying. Because the tennis balls that I know are made of students that I know live in three dimensions. So could it be that one of the things I talked about in war passages is the idea of what's called a brain, VRANE.

    2015-10-24 · The Tim Ferriss Show · #115: Thinking About Extra Dimensions with Physicist Lisa Randall · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  34. But my goal in having these debates is that people actually listen to each other so they can actually come to some resolution.

    2015-10-24 · The Tim Ferriss Show · #115: Thinking About Extra Dimensions with Physicist Lisa Randall · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  35. Here's one question I have, which is sort of, you know, how as a scientist might approach BOM. You know, my mother passed away a couple years ago, and she really did injure her brain. And so she became a very different person. So where is the person in that? If you really want to believe that there's an afterlife, what happened to the person in that state where they're still alive, but they've really hurt themselves. I mean, it's a horrible reality to face, and it was a horrible thing to watch. But I think that's the kind of question. If you really want to believe that, you have to be able to answer those questions.

    2015-10-24 · The Tim Ferriss Show · #115: Thinking About Extra Dimensions with Physicist Lisa Randall · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  36. That doesn't mean we understand it. It doesn't mean we understand how everything fits together to give you consciousness or whatever it is that constitutes a person. But that physical stuff is really important. And, you know, I should say, you know, I've been in tricky situations where, you know, I'll really feel for people because working on an extra-dimensional space or talking about physics, people really want to believe these things. It'll be heartbreaking. Someone will say, you know, my sister died really young. I think she's in an extra dimension. But, you know, I'm very sympathetic to their desire to believe it and to want to believe these things persist. You know, they certainly persist in our memories, but I personally think that things are tied to the physical reality. It doesn't mean I overestimate my understanding of it. I don't know that connection. I don't know how it works. But I do think that a fundamental physical reality is essential. And if you have a question about that,

    2015-10-24 · The Tim Ferriss Show · #115: Thinking About Extra Dimensions with Physicist Lisa Randall · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  37. You're talking to very unrepresentative physicists. There are some who are religious, but I think part of what physics says is how things are tied up to their physical makeup. I mean, that is essential.

    2015-10-24 · The Tim Ferriss Show · #115: Thinking About Extra Dimensions with Physicist Lisa Randall · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  38. I thought it was an interesting experiment. The idea was science that was possible not necessarily likely but never to have anything that could that we knew couldn't happen and I think that was admirable I also think it was really admirable to have the characters take science so seriously to try to talk science I mean I'm not saying I loved all the dialogue but I think it was really interesting to I mean one of the things I felt interesting though was to treat science as if it's just part of it everyday vocabulary And that I really liked, that it wasn't taken as some other thing. It was just part of their daily lives. So I think there were some really interesting ideas that were explored in that movie.

    2015-10-24 · The Tim Ferriss Show · #115: Thinking About Extra Dimensions with Physicist Lisa Randall · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  39. And, you know, the work we're doing on dark matter now, this idea that there could be a dark matter disk and it could affect astronomy, that came because we were trying to understand some observation that could have been a dark matter detection. We were still coming at it from a different direction that we weren't astronomers. And so sometimes it helps to come at it from different perspectives. But to be open to what the people in the field say, of course. Take his balance, all these different points of view.

    2015-10-24 · The Tim Ferriss Show · #115: Thinking About Extra Dimensions with Physicist Lisa Randall · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  40. And also sometimes it's having a first perspective. I mean, you know, when we found the existence of an extradimental space was helpful, we were coming at it from particle physics. We weren't people who do primarily gene relativity. In fact, we were told that that's impossible because there were theorems saying it was wrong. But because we had come at it from a different direction, we sort of essentially accidentally discovered a solution that we can then go back and see where the fundamental assumption was wrong, like what happened missed.

    2015-10-24 · The Tim Ferriss Show · #115: Thinking About Extra Dimensions with Physicist Lisa Randall · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  41. To allow ourselves to think of it. And I think the same thing applies to social interactions as well, that you really have to imagine a different perspective to fully understand them.

    2015-10-24 · The Tim Ferriss Show · #115: Thinking About Extra Dimensions with Physicist Lisa Randall · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  42. It's not what we're encountering our dear, but if you're at the scale of a corporate boson, that's really important. And we're made of ordinary matter, so we tend to think of dark matter as not that important. But there's five times as much of it, and furthermore, it gave rise to the development of galaxy help develop galaxies. So it's really relevant to universe. And, you know, we do the same thing in sort of social classes, that we can forget the masses who are building buildings will remember the leaders or the architects, but we forget the people who led to the construction. We'll look at our society, but we'll think of other societies as lesser in some way because they're not ours. And if you're in another society, then you think yours is primary. So I think it is, you have to get outside that perspective. And I think in science, we all know that we have to get outside that perspective. We're never going to understand things or the scale of the universe with that medicine.

    2015-10-24 · The Tim Ferriss Show · #115: Thinking About Extra Dimensions with Physicist Lisa Randall · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  43. It's something I just, you know, I use a lot of analogies in the book actually related to that when I talk about dark matter. I talk about other things. And actually, for those who are interested, I have an op-ed coming out in the Boston Globe about this. And the idea is that it's a difficult concept to explain, so bear with me. Let me try to say in a word. It's easier to write almost. But when we do physics, it's sort of almost a reaction when I talk about particle physics. And things that are removed from our everyday experience. I taught a freshman seminar where even the students recognize things that are removed from our everyday experience. We tend to think of as less real or less important. So if I talk about a cork or the Higgs boson, your action is, that's kind of interesting, but who cares at some level?

    2015-10-24 · The Tim Ferriss Show · #115: Thinking About Extra Dimensions with Physicist Lisa Randall · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  44. Well, my answer is, first of all, you can't ask the question unless there was something, but also in my mind at least, nothing is a very unlikely possibility. If you think about it, a zero and a number line is very, very unlikely. And if there, if you do happen to get it, there's usually a reason for it. And that also means there's something. So it's just very hard to imagine nothing, at least for me, as being the most likely outcome. It seems something is much more likely. I joke that, you know, you don't always find what you're looking for, but usually find something.

    2015-10-24 · The Tim Ferriss Show · #115: Thinking About Extra Dimensions with Physicist Lisa Randall · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  45. the answer to, but that we don't really have definite answers to. It doesn't mean people can't think about them, but it's questions that we might not have satisfactorily resolved, questions like, you know, what was there before the Big Bang or what was the Big Bang? So there are a lot of questions, why do we have something rather than nothing? Although I do have a tentative answer to that one.

    2015-10-24 · The Tim Ferriss Show · #115: Thinking About Extra Dimensions with Physicist Lisa Randall · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  46. That's an interesting question. You know Sometimes philosophy helps just framing what might be an interesting question, but then to Ziggs is going to go ahead doing it the way it does it. There are some interesting discussions, like I said, on kind of topics that we don't fully understand. So it's really in the regime where, you know, you can question whether we're really making progress in physics. I think in the realm of moral philosophy, I think that's probably one of the areas where philosophy is, I don't know if I'd say advanced, but I think it's a really interesting area because there are interesting moral questions that we do have to address in a lot of the rapid changes that are happening today. In terms of philosophy and physics, one of the chapters in my new book, Dark Matter from the Dinosaurs, when I talk about cosmology, I first have a chapter on the big questions, and I sort of define as philosophy the questions that everyone wants to know.

    2015-10-24 · The Tim Ferriss Show · #115: Thinking About Extra Dimensions with Physicist Lisa Randall · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  47. You know, I almost say that they're more philosophers because there's no science behind it in the sense that you're not doing predictable theories. And you can come up with ideas. But I think there is a meaning, I'd say the most interesting things have to do with probably the idea of, you know, there was something called it is connected to cosmology and what defines the universe going forward and maybe cosmological inflation in the beginning. There were things that happen over time very quickly, something called entropy increased a lot, which is sort of how many degrees of freedom there are. So I think there is interesting work trying to understand what inflationary universally means, how it really started. But again, it borders on philosophy.

    2015-10-24 · The Tim Ferriss Show · #115: Thinking About Extra Dimensions with Physicist Lisa Randall · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  48. You know, I actually think the flow of time is very real, and it might even be the way we define what time is. You know, it's funny, when I wrote my first book, I realized I was able to come up with, you know, some of them are difficult and complex, but it was able to come up with an intuitive explanation of almost all the concepts. So, you know, the whole goal is to describe it without math. But time is really difficult to fundamentally explain what is the difference between time and space. In technical terms, in the space-time metric that you do measurements, there's a different sign. But that doesn't tell you anything about intuitively about what it is. And I think time, I would venture to say that we don't fully understand yet what time is, but in some sense, one thing time definitely seems to be is something we measure as things evolve, as things change as it passes. So I would say that it's almost essential.

    2015-10-24 · The Tim Ferriss Show · #115: Thinking About Extra Dimensions with Physicist Lisa Randall · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  49. And that doesn't negate the physics interpretation. It's just that I don't think it fully qualifies as it's flaming it either.

    2015-10-24 · The Tim Ferriss Show · #115: Thinking About Extra Dimensions with Physicist Lisa Randall · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  50. So I would actually argue that it's neither, and in fact I'm not in heaven's door, back to this notion of effective theory. It's sort of different ways of looking. So I actually talked about music, and I talked about music if you can understand it as oscillations of air in your ears, which get processed by your brain. And then you can understand what music is at a totally different level. And I would say that's sort of effective theory. You're using different ways of describing it, different parameters. You won't even use the same words necessarily because you're talking about it at a different level. Yes, fundamentally, for there to be music, I need air, I need those oscillations, I need to be able to process it in my brain. But I don't think that comes anywhere near describing what music is. I think no one is actually going to be able to describe what music is. You can functionally say what it is, but what it means to me as person is going to be described as totally different.

    2015-10-24 · The Tim Ferriss Show · #115: Thinking About Extra Dimensions with Physicist Lisa Randall · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT