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Marc Garneau

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2017-07-02
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2017-07-02
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  1. hydrogen vehicles in a fairly aggressive way as we move towards if transportation is going to do its share. Now we are improving truck emissions. We are improving train emissions. We just signed with ICAO a very important international treaty with respect to mitigating the production of CO2 starting in 2021 because international air, we deal with that through ICAO, through the International Civil Aviation Organization because the skies are international. They're not just Canada skies and German skies or whatever. So we are making progress in those areas but we have to work hard to make sure that transportation is going to also do its share of reducing by 30% by 2030.

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  2. It's a good question. So the biggest contributor to greenhouse gases in this country is the oil and gas sector, 25% of our greenhouse gases are the oil and gas sector. What comes second? Transportation. 23% 23% of the greenhouse gases that are produced by Canada come from the transportation sector. And 80% of that is cars and trucks. So if you look at trains, boats, and planes and off-road vehicles, they're just less than 20%. So 80% is cars and trucks. And we have made a promise by signing the Paris Accord that we're going to reduce our greenhouse gases and with that reduction will also come pollutant reductions by 30% below 2005 levels by 2030. That's in 13 years. So we have a tall order in front of us and we have to aggressively move towards vehicles that are on renewable energy sources. We have to move towards electrical vehicles.

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  3. Well, I think it's no, I think you're right. It couldn't be otherwise that if you're a small country, your challenge is much smaller. If you're a small country in a temperate climate, it's much smaller. Moving the amount of product that we move in this country over very large distances in what can sometimes be horrible weather conditions is a very challenging thing. And if you look at the north where there is only rudimentary infrastructure and where a lot of the resources are located, how well we can make that system efficient can have a definite and important benefit for Canada. And that is something that we need to improve.

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  4. That the rest of the world wants, if we don't get them efficiently out to their destination, our customers will look elsewhere. So that is, in my opinion, people don't appreciate it, but I think a critical part of a healthy economy is how well we move our goods south of the border or out to the Asian continent or east to the European continent. So I'm focused on that $10 billion will help us to debottleneck some of the places where our transportation system is not as effective as it needs to be.

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  5. If I talk about CNNCP, they transport about $280 billion worth of goods per year. How well we transport our goods to the port of Vancouver, which handles $140 million a year and ships out to the rest of the world has a direct effect on our economic vitality. I personally regard transport as an economic portfolio. And if we do not efficiently get our grain, our manufactured products, our containers, our potash, our coal, our lumber,

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  6. Yeah, no, I'd love to go on that. I met the guy once, and we talked about rockets at the time, but now he's on to so many other things. You're welcome. Okay, so one of the things that was announced in the budget, actually it was announced in the economic statement of Minister Bill Morneau, who was our finance minister on the 1st of November, is an investment in what's called trade and transportation corridors. And it's a $10 billion. It's separate from everything else I've said so far. And that's under my going to be under my responsibility. It's $10 billion over 11 years. And it's to make our trade corridors more efficient. Canada that is a trading nation. We transport hundreds of millions of tons of products across the country to our ports, or we go across the border into the United States on trains and trucks.

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  7. In this country, we have a very talented workforce and we have great, well-educated people who have great ideas. That's never a problem, great ideas. It's successfully taking them through to market.

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  8. Job is on the regulatory side of things and the testing side of things. We have, there's now a test facility in Alberta in a small town where you can test your drone technology. So we are providing infrastructure for testing purposes. That's part of it. Somebody has a great idea developing a drone in their garage needs to go out and test it. We can provide the facility for that and the funding if it's a promising idea may come from innovation, science and economic development. So those two ministries together are key in working together to create the right conditions and support for that kind of technology to develop. There is tremendous potential.

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  9. Is by helping to fund promising technologies that will or software developments that will help us get there so that we as a country can be competitive, that we can lead and we can, for example, in the aero space world, we are a leader in that area in a large number of different specific areas technically. It's an area where it's a success story. We'd like to be a success story. We have the potential to be a success story in modern transportation systems. Whether it's automated cars or connected vehicles or another area that is also new disruptive technology, UAVs or drones, Canada has the potential to be a leader. From a transport point of view, my

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  10. I'm going to ask everybody just to keep their questions to one and keep them short, please. Question about the innovation strategy of Transport Canada. You commented on how automation and self-driving arena Canada is falling. As the next generation of transport is starting to show itself, for example, the Hyperloop, space travel, even flying cars, were seen almost inconceivable. What is Canada doing to try and spur that kind of innovation? And once again, capture leadership in transport innovation similar to the Canada Arm that you spoke about. Right. So the innovation part of it is my colleague Navdee Baines. It's the Ministry of Innovation, Science, and Economic Development. That's his mandate, innovation. And so how is it done?

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  11. Yes, and it's a big deal. So trains and trucks cross each other's borders and ships go into the many states that are on the Great Lakes. If we arrived at the border and there was a different set of regulations for safety and other factors as soon as you cross that border, it would be untenable. It would be ridiculous. So we and our airplanes carry passengers, so it's in our interest to take similar approaches. So I think we're going to probably, and they have a similar geographies as well. So I think that's kind of the approach. By the way, the intelligent transportation system World Forum is happening here in Montreal this September, and it's done by ITS America and ITS Canada. See a handsta partiplama la lingle shows us extra importance.

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  12. I think that every Europe has its own solutions based on its geography and its densities. I think we will probably have some similarities, but I think we'll probably be more like the United States because we do interact with them a huge amount and we have mutual reasons to harmonize in terms of how we develop certain things because we freely flow across each other's borders. In fact, not very many people know about it, but there is a specific body that focuses on regulatory harmonization between the two countries. Imagine, you know, we do over $2 billion daily in trade with the United States. And that's...

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  13. On your first question, I have to admit I'm not an expert on Jeremy Rifkin. I've heard the name, so if I sounded like I was channeling him, it was a coincidence.

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  14. No, that is a safety-related issue. Airplanes have to provide a certain leg room, elbow room spacing for safety reasons, in case you have to evacuate the airplane quickly. And that is a transport Canada requirement. Now, we establish minimums. If an airplane uses those minimums versus another airline that gives you more room, you're going to want to go with the other one if it gives you more room. So they are taking a chance if they really stick you together like sardines of losing business. But the only driver there is that there is a minimum with respect to safety. But the rest is up to the airlines.

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  15. Well, that we actually did go to the bone. I'm joking. I'm joking. I'm joking. My colleagues believe me when I tell them that we did go to the road. Just being polite. They're just being polite. Where I have a difference of opinion, I'd have to give it some thought. But as with any healthy... group of people with different ideas we don't all see everything the same way and since this is going to be registered I'm a little bit hesitant to tell you something I believe and of course I know I'm right in the rest of my bodies are wrong you better so sorry for skirting your question there

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  16. Back to Montreal and Toronto to Windsor, although the Ontario government is also, you should know, looking at a high speed train proposal between Windsor and Toronto. That's a provincial initiative underway at the moment.

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  17. The fact of having dedicated rail will allow a faster train, not high speed, but instead of 110 kilometers an hour, you can go at 170 kilometers an hour on its own dedicated track. So we'll shorten the time, and it will offer people more choices. They propose this to the federal government initially in the Montreal, Ottawa, Toronto corridor, which is a busy corridor, and we are studying this at the moment. In fact, we put $3 million in the budget to study it. So the things that we're looking at is their business case solid. When they project how many passengers will leave their cars behind and take the train, are those based on solid, if you like, analysis? So those are things we're looking at. So that is something that could happen. We're in the middle of looking at it, and we're also looking at

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  18. So via Rail came forward with a proposal about a year ago to the government of Canada, and it's called high frequency rail, not high speed, but high frequency means that instead of six trains a day between Montreal and Ottawa, there could be 12. That in itself, offering people more hours of choice in terms of taking the train versus the car can make a difference. I kicked the train, by the way, between Montreal and Montreal and Ottawa every week in both directions. But there's also another part to it, and that is converting to dedicated rail. Because Via Rail only owns 3% of this track. It rents the rest from CN and CP. It has to stop when there's a freight train that goes by. If you've taken the train, you've probably heard the message, ladies and gentlemen, we're stopping. This is a normal procedure to let the freight go by.

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  19. Well, cyber security is very important because obviously we do not want to have a situation where there are There's a capacity from a hacking point of view to influence how a car is driving itself. If it's based on this system of V to V and V to I and it's working harmoniously, and you disrupt that intentionally, then you can lead to some pretty catastrophic results, especially if cars are on a highway and they're all driving close to each other. So cybersecurity is part of the challenge that's involved there. And then there are interesting questions such as if an accident does occur, whose fault is it, and how does one purchase insurance? How will insurance companies price the insurance for automated vehicles? There are lots of new issues that have to be dealt with.

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  20. Yes, and they're worried about it too. You're quite right. There are a lot of taxi drivers. Another example. So there are professions that could, as a result of automated vehicles and intelligent transportation systems lose their jobs. And that's part of the evolution of a society. And the same applies in the manufacturing sector where robotics is increasingly replacing the traditional manual labor that's involved there. So there are going to be big changes. And I think, again, there, our education system is playing catch-up as well. I don't think that we're riding the way the moment. I think we're trying to play catch up there because I think it's going to happen quickly.

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  21. Over a long period of time, redeveloping our cities according to different criteria. We all know that our cities have all been built around cars. That's a truism. And as a result of that, we've paid some important prices with respect to that congestion pollution, those kinds of things. And I think a lot of thinking is that we should try to make sure that we don't make those new mistakes as we design new cities. We're stuck with the ones we have at the moment, but we can, I think, intelligently plan inner cities in the future with the technology that is coming now.

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  22. I think there are still a lot of unknowns. Are we going to end up having less cars on the road to begin with? That is a question that some people say, yes, we will have less cars. Other people say we're going to have just as many cars. I think that it's probably too early to know exactly how it's going to evolve in terms of infrastructure. We need certainly the smart, intelligent infrastructure that's going to provide all the necessary information to the vehicles to help them to optimally get from A to B in the most intelligent and cost effective way, the least damaging to the environment. Those things are all part of it. But in terms of whether we end up having less roads, we're also at the same time. Time trying to push for more public transit, as you know, in our country. So we could very well end up, I think, in the long run, perhaps

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  23. Regulatory offices in the way of the innovators so that they can develop these technologies. So we want to help to be part of it. And of course the other aspect is that I work very closely with my counterpart in the United States who is the Secretary of Transport. Of course, it's a new one. Now her name is Elaine Chow and I will be working very closely with her to make sure that we harmonize our regulations because obviously a lot of Canadians cross the border every day. So those are the things that are important and it's coming at us faster than I think anybody.

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  24. the first truck and the second off the third off the second. The only thing the driver was doing was steering because we were in banked courses but the rest was all being controlled. Well that's an area of development connected vehicles. It's on a test track but these kinds of things are things that we can do here in Canada as well as what is happening in our universities and the initiatives that the provinces are taking as well. I think we can make a contribution. To be perfectly honest with you as Transport Canada we're the regulator we're playing catch up with the technology. It's evolving so quickly that we're trying to put in place we have to put regulations in place for all transportation modes and we are trying to intelligently stay ahead of the curve and we're also trying intelligently not to put too many obstacles in the way regulations

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  25. Transportation systems V to V and V to I communications in helping to develop the software that will help us to minimize congestion in our cities. There's a huge amount that Canada can do and perhaps also take on a challenge which is particular to countries like Canada that get covered with snow and ice which can be quite different from driving on a nice California road. So there are some things that Canada can do at the transportation. We have a facility up in Blaineville just north of Montreal. The other day I was in a convoy of three 18 wheelers and they were all going at 85 kilometers perfectly spaced from each other. The second and the third were just queuing off the first

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  26. I think you get a sense of it from everything that's around you. The media, of course, in addition to the opposition, will criticize you if they think that you're doing a bad job. The bad job may be legislation that you're bringing forward or how you handle a particular event. And every single day of the week there will be a particular issue that will come up. I mean, that's just the nature of government.

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  27. I think it does. I would say that I was critic for science and technology, for industry, foreign affairs at one time, short time natural resources. So I had to learn about those things in order to be able to ask intelligent questions, make intelligent speeches, and find whether or not there was reason to criticize the government. So yes, it is a valuable experience being a critic and because you are the person who is officially supposed to take care of a particular file. And so, yes, I've enjoyed being critic. Transport I was never the critic for. That's something I had to basically learn from scratch. I have to say... job of being transport ministers it suits me perfectly

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  28. And I'm delighted after seven years in opposition where I think I learned my craft because you can't walk into the House of Commons on day one and know how to be an MP. It does take a while to learn how to be one, but now I have to say after seven years it's a pleasure to be in government.

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  29. You get to make the decisions. And the decision now I know that because I've been a minister for a year in the government of Canada, and I've had to make decisions. I proposed bills in parliament that have an influence and an effect on you and others, and that is what comes with being in the government. You are accountable for what you do in a way that you are not when you're in opposition. So we make decisions and we must live with the consequences. And if Canadians decide three years from now that we didn't do a good job, they have the right to elect somebody else. So that's the big difference between being in opposition and being in government. In government, you actually make the decisions that shape, for better, for worse, the future of our country.

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  30. Both have an important role. I was on the opposition in the opposition for seven years. I had lots of time to learn how to be in the opposition. And of course, the opposition is trying to hold a government, their feet to the fire, hold them to the promises that they made, and to make sure that they are doing what is right for Canada. Of course, opposition parties, whether during the time that I was in opposition, it was a conservative government. So we in opposition were either liberals or NDP or Green or Bloc. And we each tried to hold the government accountable so that they would hopefully do things in accordance with the values of our party. But ultimately, it is only when you are in government.

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  31. Nativism coming into the politics of governments in certain countries. We in Canada want to remain open to the world as far as trade is concerned, as far as bringing immigrants into our country, so no change from that point of view at a time when many other countries are changing. So I think that to me more than anything means being a liberal.

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  32. Yes, and liberals, we're not narrowly defined. There is quite a spectrum. You said purple. There are blue liberals. In other words, they are, if you like, more traditional and conservative fiscally, but all liberals do have that social side to them. So they're either going to be a little bit of left-of-center or in the middle or a little bit right of center. So we have always been a party that oscillates about the center. I think more importantly today, and I think our prime minister is articulated, it being a liberal here in Canada is wanting to be open on the world. At a time when we see protectionism coming in, we've seen some evidence of that in the world where people talk about terms like populism.

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  33. people in the House of Commons of our country and I thought I could bring a dimension that is perhaps missing and I'm delighted that I made that decision the first time I ran I lost which is it's not easy to lose but I stuck with it and now it'd been added for eight years

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  34. Some jewels that people might recognize me, that they might So suddenly I realized that there was a big change in my life because I was now a public person. And, you know, I'm no different since I became an astronaut from before I became an astronaut. I still slip on the ice just like everybody does once in a while. People say, hey, you're an astronaut. You fall on the ice. Well, yes, I am. And so you have to get used to being a public person. But the big difference between becoming a politician from being an astronaut is, yes, you're public in both, but in one case, people generally like you as an astronaut because you are in a profession that is of interest to people. It's not controversial. But when you go into politics, you had to accept the fact that you are going to do something where not everybody is going to agree with everything you do. And so that's a big decision. And the reason that I did go into politics is because I'm an engineer by background. There are not very many technical

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  35. Well, that's another matter. Running for office is, I used to say when I was an astronaut people liked me. But when you enter the political arena, it's a totally different arena and people tell you what they think. I happen to be a liberal and not everybody's a liberal and some people feel, and they're quite right, they're entitled to tell you that they don't agree with you. They don't agree with your party. They don't agree with you on your views. And that is part of politics. And so you have to make a serious decision because the big change in my life when I went from being a naval officer, I was an engineer, to becoming an astronaut, the big change is that I went from being a private person to being a public person. So I knew then that when I walked down the street to go to, I don't know, to Canadian tire to buy some...

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  36. Of Canada said, sounds like a good idea, and they put an ad in the paper, and lots of people applied, and I saw it, and I said to myself, there's no way I'm going to pass up this opportunity to apply. I'm sure I won't be chosen, but I don't want to kick myself later and say I should have tried. And so I sent in my name, and my life changed.

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  37. I think I came to recognize it afterwards. It's not something that dawned on me right away. I was certainly aware of the fact that this was a new area for Canada to be involved with. We had a space program. Most Canadians did not know very much about it, did involve satellites. And in fact, it's quite a distinguished. Canada was the third country in space, which a lot of people don't know. But bringing a human dimension to it with astronauts. And the reason we were invited to become astronauts and to fly on the space shuttle is because we had designed the robotic arm that is on the space shuttle. And in fact, part of it was designed here in Montreal. And the United States NASA wanted to thank us. And they said, look, you did such a great job with the design of the Canad. It works very, very well. We'd like to fly a couple of Canadians.

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  38. Is very similar in many, many ways. It is a vast frontier. It is one where you rely on your fellow crew members for your survival when you're in a ship, when you're out there, it's just you. And although we have modern technology today, things can sometimes go wrong, and you are depending on the rest of the crew in a hostile environment, sometimes hostile environment, and it's very similar to what you do in space, in fact, I think it's, we call spacecraft spaceships, and it is very much that kind of an experience of travel, of going on to the new frontier. And the reason that I decided that I wanted to become an astronaut was because I like adventure. The Navy had given me a sense of adventure. I thought this would be a new adventure.

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  39. Well, I was out on the ocean and crossing on my way to England. My father had been posted there. The immensity of the ocean, which was something that I had never seen and which I saw as we crossed, we had some bad weather, so I saw an ocean that was very worked up and tempestuous, and it was rough. I saw beautiful calm waters with beautiful sunsets and that just sort of grabbed me and I said, this is what I want to do. I never really wanted to do a job where I would be at a desk all day long. I wanted there to be, yes, that component, which is important, but also the physical component. I wanted to be doing other things as well as part of my job, things that would perhaps challenge me physically and the Navy seemed to be that kind of a profession

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  40. country and that has given me a great deal of satisfaction. Transport now is my main preoccupation and that's a job that everybody here I'm sure has an opinion on whether they're talking about airplanes, whether they're talking about railways, cars, trucks. Everybody has strong opinions in fact about transport. It's a very big file. It's an important file for a big country like Canada and that keeps me very busy from morning to night but I have to say again I truly enjoy doing it. It's a job that to me I'm passionate about and I've been lucky to be passionate about everything I've done in my life.

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  41. I'm pretty busy these days as transport minister, but I have to say that I've always had the pleasure of doing a number of jobs where I have truly enjoyed what I was doing. In the very kind introduction, they mentioned that I was an astronaut and that I was now a politician. But before all of that, I was in the Navy. The Navy was my first love, in fact. And when I was 12 years old, I had the chance to cross the ocean in an ocean line. In fact, it left here from Montreal. It was called the Empress of Britain, and it went over to Liverpool in England. And I was 12 years old, and I fell in love with the ocean, and I joined the NATO. So yes, my days are full. They have all been, I think, in service of my

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