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Marcelo F. Garcia

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2018-06-14
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2018-06-14
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  1. I think what both these guys are talking about is fundamentally how data captured in the field is going to make planning even better. Every time a construction design is built, the estimate of how much something costs and how much each object costs is completely fresh. Ultimately, any construction project is a trade-off between budget schedule and quality. So as you start getting these insights from the field, it just becomes easier and easier where you can optimize better for your owner. Like maybe it's an owner that doesn't care as much about budget, but cares a lot about schedule and quality.

    2018-06-14 · a16z Podcast · a16z Podcast: Construction Under Tech -- The Build · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  2. Did actually a test of that for steel structure we were able to get the data pulled together and we were able to cut the cycle for feedback from eight weeks that you have today in terms of creating a design, getting the estimates for fabrication, et cetera, getting it back to a few hours, I think today could be minutes, and reduce the cost of the structure by 13% and make it 20% faster to build.

    2018-06-14 · a16z Podcast · a16z Podcast: Construction Under Tech -- The Build · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  3. And now they can start using cost information to help create their design as opposed to create a design, wait for an estimate, go back and revise the design to try and meet an estimate, you know. There's a lot of that back and forth that could be eliminated if we start providing that real time feedback with this giant feedback loop of decisions.

    2018-06-14 · a16z Podcast · a16z Podcast: Construction Under Tech -- The Build · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  4. One thing I would add is be able to leverage this data from a construction standpoint in applying that data that we find, such as productivity rates or how long procurement lead times, et cetera, into objects that we then use for design purposes. And that creates an even bigger design loop of now if we provide construction objects to a design firm to use in their design, now we know what the cost is, what the schedule is associated, or productivity rates, whatever it's going to be. And that way we can almost start utilizing that information right off the bat to start building estimates and schedules with the design information. So when an architect or an MEP engineer is going through to create their design, and whether it's linear footed duct work or if it's a door, they can populate a door that knows the lead time on this door is six weeks, the frame is seven weeks. And if we need to have that door there in two weeks, we should probably not be using that object. And so if we can provide that kind of information up front in the design, there could be a lot of benefits there. Or if an architect is starting to create their design, they drag a wall and see that that wall is $100.

    2018-06-14 · a16z Podcast · a16z Podcast: Construction Under Tech -- The Build · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  5. What you could do with that amount of money from there. Now, from a project and company perspective, I think being able to connect the business purpose of hospital fabrication plant, whatever is being built, and translating that into actions that take place, strategic actions that you have to do every day on the project to meet that business purpose. I mean, that's a connection we don't have today. And those are, I think, the kinds of questions we can ask. What kinds of designs will enable this kind of production or what kind of flexibility you seek maybe? So connecting really the client purpose with design and construction and aligning those, that's where I see the foundation being created.

    2018-06-14 · a16z Podcast · a16z Podcast: Construction Under Tech -- The Build · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  6. I think from a societal perspective If you can cut 20% of the rework and then you could make construction 20% more efficient in other ways, which seems entirely within the Realm of Feasibility. You're talking improving construction by 40%. In most economies, let's say a rough number is construction represents 10% of GDP. So imagine freeing up 4% of GDP to do something else.

    2018-06-14 · a16z Podcast · a16z Podcast: Construction Under Tech -- The Build · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  7. Gathering this kind of information must feel like a gold mine is opening up. What are the kinds of questions that this kind of new data makes you want to ask? If we go way past how efficient is this job site and we turn all these job sites not into little labs by day, but like multiplied by tens of by hundreds, what are the kinds of questions, the big questions that we might start to get answered?

    2018-06-14 · a16z Podcast · a16z Podcast: Construction Under Tech -- The Build · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  8. Now, imagine if Oshpod trusted tools like this and just said, okay, yeah, cool, you can cover it up, right? Just keep doing your work. We have a system of record which is showing us this stuff got done correctly.

    2018-06-14 · a16z Podcast · a16z Podcast: Construction Under Tech -- The Build · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  9. It's just about the logistics of managing an inspector showing up on site. I mean, every site that I go to, there's a board that says reserved for inspector. Like that's a reserved parking spot for the inspector, right? Because they show up on site. And then sometimes you'd have to have some parts of your board.

    2018-06-14 · a16z Podcast · a16z Podcast: Construction Under Tech -- The Build · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  10. Yeah, exactly. Now, to touch upon the point you made about regulatory authorities and construction, it's actually a huge deal. And we do a lot of work with healthcare, which is one of the most regulated construction spaces around. And a lot of the events in the construction site are actually planned around when the inspector will show up. My kind of dream be able to have as much trust in our technology as general contractors and owners do, to have that same level of trust exist with the inspectors. Because now all of a sudden they can remotely take a look at what's getting installed, what's not getting installed, trust the quality that things are getting installed, ensure that it is indeed the plan that they had stamped off on.

    2018-06-14 · a16z Podcast · a16z Podcast: Construction Under Tech -- The Build · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  11. As far as the actual robotic equipment that we're bringing in, the hardware is nothing new. We're using sensors that have been used on construction sites in the past. We're using things like cameras. So it's not rocket science. The hardware isn't particularly novel. It's pretty much off the shelf. So from that perspective, from a regulatory

    2018-06-14 · a16z Podcast · a16z Podcast: Construction Under Tech -- The Build · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  12. And then I can do new things that I wasn't able to do otherwise because I can learn. We cannot look across data from 50 projects and make sense of it. That's super cool. From the construction side, one of my goals is to make our teams more efficient and to get our teams and our people solving problems instead of doing non-value add tasks and going around and looking at a model to compare it against what was installed doesn't necessarily have value add tasks if we can automate that. We can get the people that would be doing that job out in the field, solving more problems, working through more changes, making sure the owner's getting what they want, all those kind of things that would trickle down from there. And so that, you know, for me, that's a huge benefit

    2018-06-14 · a16z Podcast · a16z Podcast: Construction Under Tech -- The Build · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  13. Just all of these wasted efforts, frankly, from many, many players, from subs to GCs to owners, designers. We see all these wasted efforts that will go away. With AI, I can do more things, more consistently that I'm already doing. So that is, let's say, in this case, apply a particular inspection routine. More consistently, then I can do it better because I can over time realize, okay, this works 99.8% of the time.

    2018-06-14 · a16z Podcast · a16z Podcast: Construction Under Tech -- The Build · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  14. Exactly. And I instead, if Mr. Subcontractor comes up and says, I have this two millimeter accurate laser scan and the world's most sophisticated artificial intelligence. Shameless blog saying that I'm 24.86% complete. Could you pay me? It gets a lot more objective. So it goes far beyond just the job itself. It starts affecting project financiers. It starts affecting project insurers who get more transparency on the job.

    2018-06-14 · a16z Podcast · a16z Podcast: Construction Under Tech -- The Build · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  15. If you look at anything in the world, trust issues exist because two people have different versions of the same facts, right? If both parties trust a third party to come up with that version of facts, which they believe is more objective, it inherently increases trust if both parties begin trusting that, not just for general contractors and owners, but also for subcontractors. Because if you actually look at how subcontractors get affected by this lack of trust, they often get affected in the form of cash flow. A subcontractor says, hey, Hannah, I'm 25% done. Could you pay me 25% of my budget of what you owe me? And Hannah is thinking, damn, if this guy has 24.9% done and there's like one pipe installed in the wrong place, I'm going to be liable for a three week scheduled delay when I discover it four weeks later.

    2018-06-14 · a16z Podcast · a16z Podcast: Construction Under Tech -- The Build · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  16. Take a hospital and they commit to a particular MRI machine, and then it takes a long time to build the down thing. And by the time, six months before the hospital turned over, a new one comes on the market. And they don't want to open the hospital with it. MRI machine from three years ago. But then that one will have different foundational requirements, different electrical connections, et cetera, and you are having a lot of fun with it.

    2018-06-14 · a16z Podcast · a16z Podcast: Construction Under Tech -- The Build · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  17. So then you can actually get a quality score for your subcontractor. You know, we focus a lot on the mistakes, and we have to. But I think it also good to know hey, this subcontractor installs on our projects 99% of things corrected first time. This other one only 95% or whatever. And you can show the owner creating that trust as well, I think, is important and that data. And from a business perspective, I think this technology does really two things. It improves the predictability. And the second thing, it reduces time to market. And then in the kind of technology complex projects that DPR is building, that is super important because if your time to market is too long, the technology will change, then you have to do rework because of that.

    2018-06-14 · a16z Podcast · a16z Podcast: Construction Under Tech -- The Build · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  18. Culture shift. Yeah. Definitely. And like we always talk about go back work and construction of, you know, the electrician installed everything, but that one box because he didn't have it on site that day. And he's going to go back in three days and go install it. Usually you wouldn't catch that if something that happens, but that one box being installed could affect the HVAC guy that's installing that day. They know it's not installed. It's going to show up on our report as not installed. So instead of waiting now, they're coming to us saying, hey, I don't have this on site right now. What can we do to make that shift? And so we can have that discussion with all the other subcontractors in the room and say, hey, can the electrician get in to excel that box on this day? Is it going to cause an issue yes or no? And so it creates more of a trust throughout the entire job site as opposed to deteriorate as long as you use the information in the right way. It's a big benefit to find the mistakes, absolutely. But it's actually, I think, also benefit to document all the things that were installed correctly.

    2018-06-14 · a16z Podcast · a16z Podcast: Construction Under Tech -- The Build · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  19. It definitely could, but if we go around just pointing fingers at people saying you did something incorrectly, they're never going to want to work with us again. And we're going to go out of business sooner rather than later. What it is useful for is to facilitate those conversations because if we don't catch something, then it's going to become a bigger issue down the road that could lead to, you know, in the worst case, litigation. And so if we present the data in a way that it's more collaborative of, hey, we're coming back, we found this, let's go talk about this real quick, get it fixed now. So let's not a larger issue down the road. You gain the trust of people at that point. And then also, you know, after you've created that kind of culture, people actually want to bring some of the issues to you or a lot of the time.

    2018-06-14 · a16z Podcast · a16z Podcast: Construction Under Tech -- The Build · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  20. It's not just that, it's also about the core logic of how computers learn how to deal with 3D shapes, because it's completely different data. And just on the core algorithm level, there wasn't as much research out there as with, say, 2D computer vision. And then the second challenge was how do we get all the data? We have the highest accuracy in 3D and construction environments in any publicly available project that I know of at this point.

    2018-06-14 · a16z Podcast · a16z Podcast: Construction Under Tech -- The Build · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  21. Struggled with. I think the biggest challenge, frankly, was the fact that there was no publicly available work which had shown that the same quality of recognition could be achieved with 3D data as with, say, 2D data. Like in 2D data, ImageNet was the state of the art.

    2018-06-14 · a16z Podcast · a16z Podcast: Construction Under Tech -- The Build · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  22. And furthermore, it can do that with different sensor types. So you're not bound to the same sensor. As sensors evolve, the same neural network can adapt and can learn and can use learnings from sensor one and translate it to usage from sensor two.

    2018-06-14 · a16z Podcast · a16z Podcast: Construction Under Tech -- The Build · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  23. Exactly. The computer would just be like, oh, this is an alien object. I've never been trained to recognize this. Deep learning was just beginning to show promise in 3D computer vision, and the value of deep learning is that you can achieve a higher layer of abstraction where it can train itself on recognizing all these different types of objects in different environments with different sensors. So you don't have to now program 20 different types of objects for every construction project. You've got the same neural network that's carrying over learning from construction site A to construction site B.

    2018-06-14 · a16z Podcast · a16z Podcast: Construction Under Tech -- The Build · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  24. So that piece really is decoded very quickly by the superintendents on the site. Our job is to tell them that there is a problem. And oftentimes they don't even know that there's a problem. Like there have been multiple conversations and it's just in general, going back to the trust issue, right? Where someone says something is installed or someone thinks that something is installed and it happens to not be installed. Maybe there was a communication gap or whatever led to that. But it's very, very important for the top decision maker who the buck stops with on that project to know that it's not installed so that they can reorganize the field based on that. So that's basically the value of the AI that it translates it into a readable format rather than giving you pictures or laser scans or something like that, which is just counterproductive.

    2018-06-14 · a16z Podcast · a16z Podcast: Construction Under Tech -- The Build · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  25. Exactly. They're looking at the same schedule that they look at every week in their schedule planning meeting, except that this time it's updated with superhumanly accurate reports from the field generated by AI.

    2018-06-14 · a16z Podcast · a16z Podcast: Construction Under Tech -- The Build · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  26. The biggest piece which I think seems to be grabbing the most eyeballs is the schedule update. Construction schedules look like they're basically Gantt charts, right? They're these massive Gantt charts which are showing you dependencies, right? And what our tool does is once these robots go in and do their thing and capture the data, the AI updates that schedule completely automatically and shows you in the same Gantt chart exactly where you stand on schedule.

    2018-06-14 · a16z Podcast · a16z Podcast: Construction Under Tech -- The Build · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  27. Especially on an additive process of known as construction, and a chair an inch there adds up to two inches, which could ultimately be an issue. We have found enough that it's been valuable for our team to know exactly what's installed and when it's installed.

    2018-06-14 · a16z Podcast · a16z Podcast: Construction Under Tech -- The Build · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  28. But you only have inches. Otherwise, you have to build your building bigger. That means more structure, that means in an earthquake zone. I mean, it's just the ripple effects on cost are just tremendous.

    2018-06-14 · a16z Podcast · a16z Podcast: Construction Under Tech -- The Build · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  29. Exactly. We're trying to get more towards an entire Lego set to put a building together. And so we're doing all that through the use of virtual design and construction or building information models. And that's how we're getting to that really rapid pace of getting MEP installed. And then now once we get a feedback loop of making sure that it's installed correctly, we're able to make sure we're not missing something or find those errors early in the process. So that way, if we're running fast and we have an issue on day one, if we wait until day five to find that, it could have been day 15 on a normal project.

    2018-06-14 · a16z Podcast · a16z Podcast: Construction Under Tech -- The Build · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  30. The pace is generated by our ability to plan, and so the job that Sorob is mentioning is to lab job. We model the entire job all the way down to three quarter-inch conduits. So everything in the wall was modeled, everything above the ceiling was modeled. So that way everything was being fabricated off-site, and we have a lot of shared rack systems that are coming with mechanical, electrical plumbing, and then fire protection systems already installed on it. And so these systems come out pre-manufactured. And so it's getting us more towards the manufacturing where it's more of a kit of parts that we're installing now as opposed to cutting every piece of conduit in the field and then having to measure it and stall it.

    2018-06-14 · a16z Podcast · a16z Podcast: Construction Under Tech -- The Build · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  31. Schedule wise, it's just the furious space, which we've not seen before. So usually we do like once a week reports and many contractors as well as owners have told us that's a little bit of overkill, right? Because we can't move the field that fast. DPR is doing two reports with us a week and they're saying, can you do it every day?

    2018-06-14 · a16z Podcast · a16z Podcast: Construction Under Tech -- The Build · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  32. So, first of all, you're not presented to the volume of data. That's what the AI's job is. It's to translate the data into a digestible format. So on DPR, for example, DPR is one of the fastest moving general contractors that we've worked with, and I'm not buttering you up. That's very honest.

    2018-06-14 · a16z Podcast · a16z Podcast: Construction Under Tech -- The Build · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  33. So, what does this actually look like on the job site? Describe to us how this data is being collected, it's an autonomous vehicle. How does it move around the different terrain? Sure. What does it need to know in this constantly shifting environment? Also, how is it making decisions? Because presumably at the end of the day, you're still presented with this volume of data. I mean, how is that parcel in a moment of five to ten, I don't know how long it takes to change your plans for the next day to shave off, you know, a little bit of that percentage

    2018-06-14 · a16z Podcast · a16z Podcast: Construction Under Tech -- The Build · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  34. And so to jump on the 20% of construction is always rework, what excites me is that you can catch that a lot earlier. And so maybe if we're able to cut that 20 down into 10% because we've caught errors in a day instead of waiting two weeks to find out when the next trade is trying to install, and that can save us a lot of time, cut down that rework. And so there's a lot of potential there, and that's what gets us excited about that feedback loop

    2018-06-14 · a16z Podcast · a16z Podcast: Construction Under Tech -- The Build · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  35. Another key difference between manufacturing and construction. I mean, there's also many similarities. We create physical products and so on. But in manufacturing, you don't have to deal with the workspace. In construction, you have to allow for the workspace that a work crew needs and the space is changing over time. In construction, it changes every day. The workspace you have, the workspace you create, the workspace you need for many different reasons. Safety, just productivity and so on. So that's something that is very unique to construction. That's very challenging. And if you think back to manufacturing, what made the improvement possible there is to look at the installation of every object of every port and then to really align the design and the manufacturing methods to support each other. I just see this incredible improvement possible, not only for the construction process, but then for the synergies of design and construction that we create by having this granular data.

    2018-06-14 · a16z Podcast · a16z Podcast: Construction Under Tech -- The Build · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  36. Exactly in Palm Springs, and it looked gorgeous until he sat down on the toilet and his feet couldn't touch the floor. I can't imagine when you extrapolate out to projects that are hundreds of millions.

    2018-06-14 · a16z Podcast · a16z Podcast: Construction Under Tech -- The Build · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  37. Oh, both. It's like not to sound too trippy, but it's a very time and space kind of problem. If you don't install what you promised at the right time and at the right place, which could sometimes be half an inch, quarter inch accurate, you could create like a massive ripple effect. And sometimes these issues are

    2018-06-14 · a16z Podcast · a16z Podcast: Construction Under Tech -- The Build · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  38. Running the shore, it's just them. The moment you get to MEPF, it's this ballet which has to work perfectly well. If I'm a day off on getting my fire sprinklers installed, I could hinder the duct guys from coming in and doing their job.

    2018-06-14 · a16z Podcast · a16z Podcast: Construction Under Tech -- The Build · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  39. Yeah, that's a good question. So we use vision as well as LIDAR, which tracks stuff to two millimeters of accuracy. We can't yet detect things like wire pulls. Having said that, most of the issues as well as the progress challenges, the progress management challenges in construction take place at the MEPF stage, the mechanical electrical plumbing and fire stage. And the reason why that happens is because multiple trades own the site and have to share it. Backstory, right? You start construction with excavation pretty much one trade owns the entire site. Then you move to foundation, structural, so on and so forth. There's just one trade that owns the whole site. They're running.

    2018-06-14 · a16z Podcast · a16z Podcast: Construction Under Tech -- The Build · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  40. So it's surprising that you can get so much just visually. Is it just visual, this data that Doxel is collecting, or are you also collecting? Because like, how do you know if a switch has been installed, the wiring has been connected in the wall? Like, How do you get that granular from just a vision point of view?

    2018-06-14 · a16z Podcast · a16z Podcast: Construction Under Tech -- The Build · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  41. Exactly. Building off of that analogy, if you knew exactly how long it takes for each step in that process and you see a new escape room which has half of those components but doesn't have the other half, you can now suddenly use that data because you have a history on it. On the other hand, if all you know is that escape room Aladin took six weeks and escape room pirate took eight weeks, what good is that for your estimation? So a big thing in construction right now is how do we get hypergranular data on how long things are taking to get installed, how much labor it's taking to get them installed and things like that.

    2018-06-14 · a16z Podcast · a16z Podcast: Construction Under Tech -- The Build · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  42. One of the big challenges is just getting the right data. Because let's say that you know that a particular assembly takes six weeks to install, right? You have no idea at an object level what happened in those six weeks. You've got human reports that I got 10% done, 20% done, 30%. You have no idea if that's true or not.

    2018-06-14 · a16z Podcast · a16z Podcast: Construction Under Tech -- The Build · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  43. This illustrates very nicely how, in my experience, the technology actually builds trust. Everybody functions on the beliefs and the things they remember. If we have the data, we can start to gain trust in each other.

    2018-06-14 · a16z Podcast · a16z Podcast: Construction Under Tech -- The Build · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  44. Just trying to use historical data is a big thing for us. Prior was just here's a set of plans, go build it, and on to the next one when you're done. And now it's like, how can we leverage that data to make our business better? So productivity rates and stuff like that. If we can have very accurate productivity rates, it helps us on our estimating projects for the next project. If we're getting schedules from our subcontractors saying it's going to take two months, but in reality, we know we have this much to install with this kind of productivity rate. We can now say, well, it's should actually be this.

    2018-06-14 · a16z Podcast · a16z Podcast: Construction Under Tech -- The Build · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  45. You don't have it in construction. Oh, that's so funny to think about. Yeah, how accessible it is in other certain enclosed finite scenarios. What are the new kinds of data that you're factoring into your decision making?

    2018-06-14 · a16z Podcast · a16z Podcast: Construction Under Tech -- The Build · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  46. Well, because you've got to wait till late in the day to learn what happened that day. And then you got to create a plan for the next day in seconds quickly while the managers of the site are still there so they can look at the plan for tomorrow and say, yeah, this is good or this is bad. Because otherwise they're not going to stand in front of the people the next morning at 6 and say, this is what we're going to do today. I mean, if there's one mistake in there, like Putfi already built that or that needs rework, don't you notice back to the trust, right? Their credibility just dies. And so that's where we just couldn't keep it up, right? We were able to keep it up for two, three days and then just eventually the reality and the plan fell apart. What I'm excited to see is the combination of tools that automate the planning and the sensing and the technology to abstract what really happens on the site into actionable and managerally actionable information that can be matched against the plan.

    2018-06-14 · a16z Podcast · a16z Podcast: Construction Under Tech -- The Build · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  47. Basically, the core of what Doxel does. And Doxel is essentially a computer vision solution that uses autonomous robots to scan both the indoor and the outdoor of a construction project on a daily basis. And then we use deep learning to automatically extract how much work has actually been done and how much of that work has been done correctly. So what you start getting is this dashboard which tells someone in finance how many dollars of work has been installed today versus how much money are people asking me to pay. People can compare schedules, right? How are we doing in actual versus plan? And then, of course, you get the quality piece, which is is stuff installed correctly. So it's that real-time feedback system of manufacturing brought to construction.

    2018-06-14 · a16z Podcast · a16z Podcast: Construction Under Tech -- The Build · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  48. The big difference really in the last two years has been the ability to sense what's going on on the construction site. That's something we have never had in the history of construction, right? 5,000 years of building things by humans from visual to Fitbit type things to vibration to, you name it.

    2018-06-14 · a16z Podcast · a16z Podcast: Construction Under Tech -- The Build · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  49. Really miserable. That's what all the dental contractors really try and manage those design changes and really work with the owner to make the building what they really want it to be within the timeframes that they have within the budget they want and with the quality that they want.

    2018-06-14 · a16z Podcast · a16z Podcast: Construction Under Tech -- The Build · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  50. If you were building a hospital or something, you might have a job walk with one of the doctors the day before you're supposed to be installing overhead equipment. And he says, no, I don't want that boom here. I want it here. And that boom actually affects all the structural steel that's above. It affects all the MEP that's above. And so there's a lot of that dynamic changing.

    2018-06-14 · a16z Podcast · a16z Podcast: Construction Under Tech -- The Build · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source