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Nancy-Ann DeParle

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74
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2017-02-13
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2017-02-13
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  1. Just for the record, you know, I feel some empathy. This isn't easy. There's a reason why these things didn't happen for all. You know, Senator Patty Murray said something the other day that what we ought to be doing is we should quit talking about repeal and we should talk about how do we repair this and that's a conversation that many people would be happy to have. It's sort of hard to repair the roof when they're trying to burn. It's a marketing problem.

    2017-02-13 · The Axe Files with David Axelrod · Ep. 121 - Nancy-Ann DeParle · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  2. Now I think that we have changed the conversation, that the conversation now is about, yes, we have to do something, and yes, everyone should be covered, beautifully covered. It's about, I'd like to do it at a lower cost. It's about we definitely will keep the ban against pre-existing condition exclusions. So all of those things that seem to be in contention before I think are not. And we'll see how easy is it to do? This is like the biles, you know, some own biles is famous contortions and gymnastics. Can they really do all those things better than the Affordable Care Act? And if they can, David, I'm with the president, President Obama, who said if they can do all of this, I'll support it. I happen to think what we did was pretty... I should say pretty good.

    2017-02-13 · The Axe Files with David Axelrod · Ep. 121 - Nancy-Ann DeParle · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  3. Pomeroy and others who knew they would probably lose because of the this was the height of the tea party agitation against them over this one vote and they still thought it was the right thing to do.

    2017-02-13 · The Axe Files with David Axelrod · Ep. 121 - Nancy-Ann DeParle · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  4. Well, you know, first yes, I have a feeling of accomplishment about it, but as I said in the beginning of this, I've been so fortunate and so blessed and this country's done so much for me and this law which really has helped a lot of people and I think will continue to help a lot of people and helped put our country in a stronger place economically It passed for one reason and that's because President Obama had the courage and the grit to Stick to it and to keep pushing when everyone else said it's a lost cause. And I give Leader Reed and Speaker Pelosi and many others credit as well. And I think about the courage of members and we could talk about some of them lost their seats. Yeah, Tom Perriello and...

    2017-02-13 · The Axe Files with David Axelrod · Ep. 121 - Nancy-Ann DeParle · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  5. And Medicaid's even bigger, and they're already sort of subject to the lowest price for the Medicaid program. I think I'd be shocked if they Take that bargain, but I guess we'll see.

    2017-02-13 · The Axe Files with David Axelrod · Ep. 121 - Nancy-Ann DeParle · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  6. Well, the public interest is in having affordable prescription drugs and still also having the kinds of advances that we have in this country, which I want as a mother and potential patient someday and that everyone wants. So it's a balance. It's a balance. I would say the industry has always fought this idea of negotiating balance. With the government for the Medicare prices. Because that would set the

    2017-02-13 · The Axe Files with David Axelrod · Ep. 121 - Nancy-Ann DeParle · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  7. Right. Well, and let's be honest, the very first one of these, Massachusetts, which was something that we looked at closely, and even there where it's extremely popular, the Massachusetts connector, the most unpopular piece of it is still the individual mandate requirement, because even though people really like it, they just don't like having to buy health insurance. But with that program, that was funded by a waiver from the federal government.

    2017-02-13 · The Axe Files with David Axelrod · Ep. 121 - Nancy-Ann DeParle · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  8. And there's a lot they can do. The Affordable Care Act has a provision that allows governors and state legislatures to design their own system.

    2017-02-13 · The Axe Files with David Axelrod · Ep. 121 - Nancy-Ann DeParle · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  9. I did, and I ran it at the federal level. Well, you know, it's all in the numbers. So is this about saving money? I think it is. If it's about saving money, then the way a block grant works is by cutting the amount in the block grant. And I think some governors believe that, oh, I can manage it more efficiently. So if they take away many of the requirements, I'll be able to manage the smaller amount of money and I'll be fine. But Medicaid is partly there to serve as a bulwark against an economic downturn when suddenly more people are eligible because they've lost their jobs or because there was a hurricane in your state or whatever it is. And I think they will find that this is a bit of a Trojan horse. If they agree to some number that looks good, it might look good for the first couple of years and then after that I think they'll wish they had the old medicine.

    2017-02-13 · The Axe Files with David Axelrod · Ep. 121 - Nancy-Ann DeParle · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  10. Basically, we won't enforce Requirement that people get covered, we won't necessarily enforce any of this. Again, that sends a message that I think is very concerning and should be to insurance plans and to everybody. So I think that's what would happen. But one thing that's mystified me is this, I think there's a bit of a notion. Oh, fifty votes That's so much easier than 60. Maybe, maybe not. I mean, it's not that easy to get to fifty votes on something this important and one thing that has been somewhat affirming to me to see is that now that we're beyond the campaign bumper stickers and we're actually talking about Real people and their lives and what could happen to them, you're seeing members of the majority party engage and start to see how hard this will be. And I don't think that repeal is a foregone conclusion at all.

    2017-02-13 · The Axe Files with David Axelrod · Ep. 121 - Nancy-Ann DeParle · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  11. Well, I think you're already beginning to see what would happen. I think the markets are already feeling very rickety. People are worried, insurers are worried about whether it will still be there. And if you're the insurance company, you don't want to be the last one standing waiting to cover people when next June, when you find out that they're repealing it and they don't have a replacement. You don't want to be that person. You don't want to, you're not going to, you're not only not going to make money, you're going to lose a lot of money. So I think they're very jumpy about that. And consumers are jumpy about it. You talk to people who are working in the States or the call centers. They're getting calls from people saying, should I sign up? Is it going to go away? That's not good, especially if young people are concerned. And when you have an executive order coming out, the very first one that the president signed saying,

    2017-02-13 · The Axe Files with David Axelrod · Ep. 121 - Nancy-Ann DeParle · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  12. That's exactly what the problem is. And the concern among the insurance commissioners, and again, the insurance commissioners are Republicans and Democrats, and they all agree that that kind of a system leads to a race to the bottom and leads to the kind of abuses and rules that we had before where I'm always reminded of the human stories, the people that we met who would thought they had coverage for something and then they had a recurrence of their breast cancer and in the fine print it's not covered anymore. You have to have, this is a market that requires some regulation. It just does.

    2017-02-13 · The Axe Files with David Axelrod · Ep. 121 - Nancy-Ann DeParle · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  13. Maybe there would, maybe there wouldn't, but it's in the Affordable Care Act. If anyone wants to do it, all they have to do is the states have to agree. So if Illinois and Iowa want to do it, the two governors and legislatures have to agree that they want to do it. Then they can.

    2017-02-13 · The Axe Files with David Axelrod · Ep. 121 - Nancy-Ann DeParle · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  14. Because he would say, Well, what about this? Could you, I don't know how many different simulations we did for him of different premium and copay and various other components of the law? And he was right. Every time you moved one of the cubes, the others got sort of out of whack. And he's the one guy I know who could probably solve a Rubik's cube.

    2017-02-13 · The Axe Files with David Axelrod · Ep. 121 - Nancy-Ann DeParle · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  15. Right. And I think his instincts are the smarter ones on this. I'm remembering in all the meetings that President Obama, and people forget we had hundreds of hearings on Capitol Hill for two years before the Affordable Care Act was enacted, starting before President Obama was elected. And then we had many, many meetings in the White House about this internally and with senators and congressmen. And the president used to sit there and think about it, and he would move his hands as though he was solving a Rubik's cube.

    2017-02-13 · The Axe Files with David Axelrod · Ep. 121 - Nancy-Ann DeParle · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  16. Well, then seniors will lose their coverage for prescription drugs in their donut hull, so they'll have a lot of drugs they have to pay for that they don't have to pay for now. A lot of the reforms in Medicare would go away, and Medicare's solvency would be much worse. So presumably if they do try to repeal the Affordable Care Act, they won't try to repeat. Change those pieces of the Medicare that have worked.

    2017-02-13 · The Axe Files with David Axelrod · Ep. 121 - Nancy-Ann DeParle · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  17. Well, I think Medicare is in good shape, and I think we strengthened it through the Affordable Care Act. And, you know, every 10 years or so.

    2017-02-13 · The Axe Files with David Axelrod · Ep. 121 - Nancy-Ann DeParle · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  18. Which seniors have? The other interesting thing about it is that there have been proposals in the past. We had one in the Clinton administration too, and I believe Secretary Clinton had one in her campaign to expand Medicare to cover people age fifty-five. Some of the senior advocacy groups have objected to that. Now there's a way there was.

    2017-02-13 · The Axe Files with David Axelrod · Ep. 121 - Nancy-Ann DeParle · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  19. Readmissions. Admissions are fewer We tried to do all of this through building on what we have right now, building on the private sector system, the employer-based system that we have now. What you're describing, it might be more palatable. You're the expert.

    2017-02-13 · The Axe Files with David Axelrod · Ep. 121 - Nancy-Ann DeParle · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  20. Well, I'm a little cynical, though, David. We tried, we, when I say we, President Obama, our team, tried to do to solve these problems of costs being unaffordable and reforming the healthcare delivery system to make it safer, which by the way is another real accomplishment of the Affordable Care Act. Your care in the hospital is safer now and better than it was before. So we tried to do all these things.

    2017-02-13 · The Axe Files with David Axelrod · Ep. 121 - Nancy-Ann DeParle · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  21. Well, I love the Medicare program, and it was a real honor to run it. I mentioned my grandmother earlier, and I have a vivid recollection of sitting at her kitchen table with her when I was about ten years old, and she was she had a little shoe box with her medical bills in there, and we were talking about the passage of Medicare and whether or not What she thought of President Johnson and whether or not it would help her. Which it did. She lived to be ninety eight. And if you get to be a senior citizen, if you get to be sixty-five in this country, the evidence is pretty strong that you're going to have a good life ahead because of Medicare. So it's a great program. Medicare for all could work. Is a single payer system like many other countries have. It would be funded by a payroll tax. It would just be extended from what we have.

    2017-02-13 · The Axe Files with David Axelrod · Ep. 121 - Nancy-Ann DeParle · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  22. and they tend to therefore avoid getting the health care they need and the preventive care so they don't really achieve the same goals.

    2017-02-13 · The Axe Files with David Axelrod · Ep. 121 - Nancy-Ann DeParle · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  23. Well, both of those mechanisms are things that have existed for years. We've had high risk pools in the States. They didn't work very well. They didn't really serve to provide people the kind of coverage they needed. And there's no guarantee of funding. You'd have to spend a lot more money than they've currently been willing to spend to really make those work. The other idea, the health savings accounts, those are out there. They've had them offered, you know, I have one through my work. They can work all right for people who are relatively high income. They don't seem to work very well for people who are lower income. Well, it's hard to accumulate.

    2017-02-13 · The Axe Files with David Axelrod · Ep. 121 - Nancy-Ann DeParle · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  24. I don't quite see how it's less objectionable to someone who doesn't want the government making them have something or do something.

    2017-02-13 · The Axe Files with David Axelrod · Ep. 121 - Nancy-Ann DeParle · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  25. Well, you know, I'll submit to being drawn and quartered if there's a way to do all of this, to get true protection for people against pre-existing condition exclusions and to truly have that kind of a marketplace without requiring everyone to get in through a mandate. All the economists and actuaries who've looked at it say that it really doesn't work. Could you make it work? Perhaps David, with massive subsidies, massive, much larger tax credits and subsidies than we currently have. Perhaps you could make auto enrollment work. It wouldn't be what our economist friends call target efficient. You'd be spending a lot more government dollars. But this is a conversation we could have had back in 2009 if anyone had been willing to engage. Interestingly, I could argue that auto enrollment really isn't

    2017-02-13 · The Axe Files with David Axelrod · Ep. 121 - Nancy-Ann DeParle · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  26. Right, and there was some evidence that some of the insurance plans may have underpriced the first year or so, and now there was a correction this year. But the way to do this would be to go in and offer more incentives for young people to sign up, do more marketing and outreach. We were very hamstrung on that, and in fact, the new administration just cut back on the last few weeks of marketing and outreach to young people. If you really want to get everyone covered beautifully, as our president says, that isn't what you would do.

    2017-02-13 · The Axe Files with David Axelrod · Ep. 121 - Nancy-Ann DeParle · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  27. Fix some of the issues that the insurance companies have complained about. You could narrow some of the special enrollment periods and do those things and also do more outreach. We were very hamstrung by the fact that

    2017-02-13 · The Axe Files with David Axelrod · Ep. 121 - Nancy-Ann DeParle · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  28. Option that would Right. But there was, we had a number of discussions about was there a way to include that as a fallback option? And that's something the president's talk to President Obama has talked about recently so that in markets where you didn't have enough competition because there are places like that, there were places like that before the Affordable Care Act and there still are. But the things I would do is I'd quit talking about repeal. If you really believe in markets, if you believe in markets and private plans as a way of helping people to get affordable coverage where they have skin in the game and where you're not increasing the deficit and where you're bringing down the rate of health care cost growth, if you believe in those ideas, which I think are ideas that many, if not all Republicans could embrace, let's quit talking about repeal and let's talk about how we can strengthen these marketplaces. And the way to do that is to

    2017-02-13 · The Axe Files with David Axelrod · Ep. 121 - Nancy-Ann DeParle · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  29. Republican amendments to the Senate bill, which formed the sort of foundation of the Affordable Care Act. I used to tease the president that I won't name the names here, but certain senators had more of their ideas in the law than he did. We worked really hard because they were good ideas. These were things we thought made the law stronger, ideas to go after fraud, waste, and abuse, ideas to make prices more transparent. You know, there were good ideas and we agreed with them.

    2017-02-13 · The Axe Files with David Axelrod · Ep. 121 - Nancy-Ann DeParle · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  30. Well, one thing I would do, people ask me sometimes if you could change one thing, what would it be? And if it's only one thing, what I would change is I would have had Republican engagement. Because if we had that together, I think we could have crafted something even stronger. And also we would have come back, as had always been the case before with major legislation. You come back in a year or so and you do a technicals bill or corrections bill and you go through and you fix the little things that didn't go exactly the way you thought. And we thought we would be doing that. We thought we'd be working with the other side to do that. And they just weren't prepared to engage. So it's a little bit bittersweet for me now to see some of them, some new members, but some who were there before suddenly with bills to repeal and replace Obamacare because where were they when we had, when I, when the president had countless meetings with them trying to get them to engage and help us with it.

    2017-02-13 · The Axe Files with David Axelrod · Ep. 121 - Nancy-Ann DeParle · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  31. A friend come up to me and ask me if her son should move back, should move to England, because he has a seizure related disorder. Is able to be covered Here now but worries if the plans to repeal this are successful that he won't be able to get coverage.

    2017-02-13 · The Axe Files with David Axelrod · Ep. 121 - Nancy-Ann DeParle · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  32. I mean, young people who've started their own businesses. A lot of those kind of stories. The ability to do that now. I've had.

    2017-02-13 · The Axe Files with David Axelrod · Ep. 121 - Nancy-Ann DeParle · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  33. Pre existing condition exclusions that people had from their health care policies didn't just affect low income people. In fact, they probably affected higher income people more.

    2017-02-13 · The Axe Files with David Axelrod · Ep. 121 - Nancy-Ann DeParle · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  34. The other one was my list of the top ten problems with the healthcare system, and they included yes that too many people lacked coverage, that coverage was unaffordable, also things like that our public health system was falling apart, that we needed to pay more attention to prevention, that people needed to have more individual responsibility. you know it was a full list and when i look through the list I don't see a single thing on it that we haven't made some pretty important progress toward. The uninsurance rate is at the lowest level in history and that's not just for the lowest income people. It has helped them. Their rate of uninsurance has been dramatically declined. But it's also helped people in the upper income levels. Every income level has been helped because things like the

    2017-02-13 · The Axe Files with David Axelrod · Ep. 121 - Nancy-Ann DeParle · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  35. Well, they have the other side has been dogged. Well before the law passed, they have said, pronounce it a disaster that jobs are going to be lost over and over and over again to the point where at some point I think people quit listening and just kind of accepted it. But from where I sit, if you had told me in 2009, when I went to the White House, I had two pieces of paper. One was a quotation from President Johnson There is but one way for a president to deal with the Congress, and that is continuously, incessantly, and without interruption. I taped that above my computer.

    2017-02-13 · The Axe Files with David Axelrod · Ep. 121 - Nancy-Ann DeParle · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  36. It is the rate of cost growth has been brought down dramatically, and I remember some of those meetings you're describing where we were struggling to explain how it would benefit the average person and reduce their costs. In fact, it has. They may not know it because one of the other big struggles was communicating all this. It seems almost quaint now, but we were struggling in earnest over whether to make claims about what would be accomplished. We had projections of what we thought would be accomplished for people with employer sponsored coverage. We ended up not putting out a document that said this, but we overachieved it. So you may remember this $2,500 number per family. So the last data I looked at, the Council of Economic Advisors data says that so far the average family with employer-sponsored coverage has saved $3,600

    2017-02-13 · The Axe Files with David Axelrod · Ep. 121 - Nancy-Ann DeParle · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  37. Out of control. People forget all that. Everyone agreed it was a problem. There wasn't anyone there. There was no Republican who attended who said we shouldn't do anything.

    2017-02-13 · The Axe Files with David Axelrod · Ep. 121 - Nancy-Ann DeParle · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  38. I didn't start until March of two thousand nine, but in February, I think the second meeting that the president had, the second big meeting with Congress, his first was an economic meeting. The second one was to bring together members of Congress as well as leaders of interest groups and advocacy groups and citizens to have a healthcare meeting at the White House about what are the problems, what can we do to control costs, what can we do to get everyone covered. And it was a half-day effort. We had breakout groups where there were Republican leaders and Democratic leaders together. And it really seemed that there was agreement that we needed to do something, that we had people forget. Sometimes I feel like this debate we're having now is in a vacuum. People forget what we were facing back in 2009 with 40 million plus people uninsured. That number projected to grow every year.

    2017-02-13 · The Axe Files with David Axelrod · Ep. 121 - Nancy-Ann DeParle · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  39. Right. I mean, you're dealing with a $4 trillion industry. There's a lot of zero-sum games that end up getting played in it. But I never thought it'd be easy, but I didn't think that we would, I thought there would be Republican support. I really did. And you'll remember, David.

    2017-02-13 · The Axe Files with David Axelrod · Ep. 121 - Nancy-Ann DeParle · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  40. By the way, there wasn't just one Republican plan back during the Clinton administration. There had to have been a dozen senators who had their own plans, many of which were shared many common elements with what we tried to work on together with them. And in fact, during the time between the failure of the Clinton health reform effort and when President Obama was elected, there had been a multi-stakeholder bipartisan effort that had been engaged in for years by lots of groups and stakeholders and individuals. And really the contours of these private sector plans and exchanges and tax credits and all that had individual mandate, all of that had been basically agreed upon on a by-product. So I won't say that I thought it would be a waltz. I never thought it would be easy. There's a reason why these things don't happen after.

    2017-02-13 · The Axe Files with David Axelrod · Ep. 121 - Nancy-Ann DeParle · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  41. Yes, and I have to say, a lot of what happened during 2009 and 2010 and the president's effort to enact health reform. Was inspiring and uplifting, but there were a number of things that were not and made me cynical, and that's one of the examples, is that people who

    2017-02-13 · The Axe Files with David Axelrod · Ep. 121 - Nancy-Ann DeParle · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  42. Weeks if not months with various disease groups and advocacy groups over the periodicity of different tests that they wanted to have covered in the bill and exactly what the benefits should look like. A lot of the people on the Congressional staff who we worked with through President Obama's health care reform effort were also there for that. And we all basically said to each other, we're not doing that again. We're not going to get into those internets and battles that end up hurting this effort. It just took too long. You know, we were fighting the clock the whole time.

    2017-02-13 · The Axe Files with David Axelrod · Ep. 121 - Nancy-Ann DeParle · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  43. There was congressional involvement, and there was a lot of stakeholder involvement, but because of the way it was set up, It was a very convoluted process, and writing a bill took, it was, you know, September by the time they had drafted the bill done and sent it up there. And by then, sort of, you know, it was a circular firing squad by then. Everyone was arrayed, all the interest groups were arrayed. And we spent...

    2017-02-13 · The Axe Files with David Axelrod · Ep. 121 - Nancy-Ann DeParle · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  44. One thing was not to try to draft your own bill that you needed to work with the Congress and help them get a bill done as opposed to drafting a bill. It took

    2017-02-13 · The Axe Files with David Axelrod · Ep. 121 - Nancy-Ann DeParle · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  45. And I wanted to be at OMB because I had seen from my experience in Tennessee running the Department of Human Services that it's important to be close to where the money is, that you could have all the great programs and ideas for programs in the world, but you needed to have access to getting the financing and getting it done.

    2017-02-13 · The Axe Files with David Axelrod · Ep. 121 - Nancy-Ann DeParle · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  46. Well, that job was one that President Clinton created to work on healthcare reform, he famously, as you know, tried to do health reform.

    2017-02-13 · The Axe Files with David Axelrod · Ep. 121 - Nancy-Ann DeParle · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  47. Well, again, I think from Ned McQuarter, I think he Well, first of all, it wasn't just President Clinton, it was also Vice President Gore. So it was one of

    2017-02-13 · The Axe Files with David Axelrod · Ep. 121 - Nancy-Ann DeParle · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  48. And he's quiet. And then he looks over at me and goes, Billy Bob says he's going to run for president. This was in September of. ended up being what happened.

    2017-02-13 · The Axe Files with David Axelrod · Ep. 121 - Nancy-Ann DeParle · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  49. It would have yes, I always thought I would do that. It would have been. I'll never forget the night that I moved to Washington, Governor McBurder had asked me to come have dinner with him, so we're sitting at the Governor's residence, and he gets a telephone call, and his assistant brings the phone out, and it's Governor Clinton And I only hear McWhorter side of it, but he says, Billy Bob, what are you up to? He used to call Billy Bob.

    2017-02-13 · The Axe Files with David Axelrod · Ep. 121 - Nancy-Ann DeParle · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  50. You know um the I had been in Washington before, so I had been an intern and then a staff assistant for President Jimmy Carter, and I just always wanted to live there. And I got to that point where I was a partner in my law firm and I thought, you know. If not now, when am I ever going to live in Washington? And so I moved up there. And it was after The First Gulf War and President George H.W. Bush was very popular and to me Washington's a government town, a company town, and the company's the government. So I had to come to grips with the fact that I wouldn't be working for the company. I'd be working in a private law firm. And I moved up there.

    2017-02-13 · The Axe Files with David Axelrod · Ep. 121 - Nancy-Ann DeParle · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source