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Penny Pritzker

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2018-05-30
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2018-05-30
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  1. While the White House took interest in this, but we'll see if they do something. We call for a national commission on workforce, and hopefully they will take action.

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  2. When you have a report like this, they don't have a head of science or technology or anything else. It's just, I don't know how this can happen. At least it's delayed for a number of years, for sure. But that's my opinion. You don't have to say it, Penny.

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  3. Absolutely. You know, just But you know, I will say one thing, Carol, we need as business leaders who are knowledgeable in technology. We need to make it acceptable for people to leave our employee for a year or two, go into government, support folks. I as much blame the legislators as I do the staff for that hearing because frankly, we need to help the staff people be better knowledge. And that's something that we fought really hard for during the Obama administration, trying to build those bridges. And folks came from the Silicon Valley, from Seattle and other parts of the country to help us. They did.

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  4. I'm all in for my brother. But you've never thought, because I think government is very important to this, the right people office. Absolutely. You know, just watching that hearing with Mark Zuckerberg, I was like, that's enough. These people cannot stay any longer. The ones that don't understand technology or future are the right questions to ask.

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  5. Okay, okay. One of the things I'm most worried about is that we won't make this a national cause, that we'll just sort of let this go by piecemeal and we won't really come together and recognize the solutions are local, but that we'll really need to make this a culture change for America. I think I'll pick one very specific thing I'm hopeful about is the focus that seems to be around apprenticeships in all kinds of jobs and the idea that we can help Americans through both learning and earning at the same time. Learning and earning.

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  6. Future So, finishing up, when you think about the most, it varies from city to city, you know, like, for example, San Francisco's growing crazy with tech, but we are suffering from homelessness and crime and all kinds of things, drug use on the streets and things like that. So it's fascinating to watch both things happen at once. But if you had to think the most important thing in this thing, and I don't want you to have to necessarily, I want you to pick one, what is the thing you're most worried about and the thing you're most hopeful about to finish up?

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  7. Well, if you're an investor like a Jeff Bezos or like we are, you're not thinking about the next three years or five years. You're thinking about 15, 20, 25 years. So you're thinking in generations and you're thinking, is this a place that's committed to both the talent, the values? And is it going to be the kind of place where people are going to want to live? And what you're seeing, as I talked about earlier, you're seeing just an enormous interest by people living in urban areas. They're finding them vibrant and interesting and exciting and diverse. And the workforce is becoming much more diverse. And people want to be in that kind of place that has got that kind of energy.

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  8. Relative to many of the other Good food Entertainment. Listening basis. Yes. Yeah, it'll be interesting. I have a sense of, well, I hate Chicago probably won't be an area. It was really interesting because I was arguing with someone from a southern side. I'm like, you're never getting it. It's never happening for you. And it's really a disappointment that your legislators don't understand if you want. That's more important than Jobs, which was interesting to me.

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  9. Chicago has a phenomenal talent, great transportation, it's affordable relative to many of the other cities. And we've got, I'm sorry. Good food and fabulous food, fabulous entertainment.

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  10. As far as we know, but we'll see, and you're Chicago's the best city, so hopefully he will choose us. But we've learned an enormous amount. We did an enormous amount of research about ourselves and comparative research that has helped us understand what makes us attractive and where we need to work. And what's really cool is our private sector and our educational system have come together to say we're going to address the places that we assess we could do better and we're going to promote the things that we think we've got figured out already. And that's very, to me, it's been a big learning.

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  11. And I was like, no, they're anti gay. He won't locate there. And they were like, what do you know about that? I'm like, I'm telling you he will not locate. I know this company. I know this person. And so it just zeroed them out. And I was thinking those state legislatures are idiots. They're going to lose all this economic benefit

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  12. I think it's absolutely critical. I think this Bezos, sort of a little bit of a circus around the headquarters, the second headquarters thing that he's been doing, Jeff Bezos and Amazon? It's kind of interesting. I'm horrified and not fascinated by it at the same time because it's sort of like a weird competition for his jobs. But the stuff that the part I do like is the city's understanding what they have and don't have in order to attract that particular thing, whether they're going to get benefits from it. We'll see it being there. Someone was talking about...

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  13. And so that would be one policy that should be bipartisan, that we ought to be able to get done. I think that continuing to, frankly, making the United States, continuing to make the United States an attractive place to invest because companies have choices now all over the world. And so you can't just

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  14. Well, it's how you run your educational funding, making a Pell Grant more flexible so that it supports all kinds of learning.

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  15. Well, I think that we need to adjust our education and workforce training system so that it's got greater flexibility. 30% of Americans graduate from college, 70%. Don't we? We can't write off the 70%. We've got to create that greater flexibility and the ability to be learning and earning at the same time. I think that is, and that requires a mindset shift, a policy shift.

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  16. All right, so if you were in charge again of these many things, overall support for work is critical, how we work and not just how we treat our children and how we help mothers and parents deal with the workforce. That's a whole nother thing. But of these things, what do you think in the near term, medium term, and long term are the most critical elements? Pick one thing that's critical in the next five years.

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  17. It's not impossible to do this. This is not a heavy lift. We've got to have the will to do it and sustained effort, and we have to commit to lifelong learning, lifelong training

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  18. Well, I think we have to think in terms of countries because they're not going away. But I do think what we have to do is think about global competitiveness for the average American. And this is what we're trying to address here is we need to help the average American be globally competitive because it's too easy today to move jobs around the world. Absolutely. That's what I'm thinking. And communication and transportation have made that just easier and easier. And so we've got to acknowledge that and say we've got to help Americans stay on the cutting edge.

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  19. Skills Now, lastly, I want to talk about the entire world is competing with us at this point. Yeah. So, is there such a thing? Like, you know, there is this fight between the globalists and the populace or the nationalists or the tribalism. It seems like you can't avoid the global arena. But we have to think of it that way because you're talking about technical skills leaving the United States. This is aimed at the United States.

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  20. He didn't know how to present his skills. He didn't have the quote degrees that were theoretically needed. But ultimately, if he was able to gain a few more skills and also explain he had management skills, he had supervisory skills, he had technical skills, he was able to be re-employed and improve his income.

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  21. Well, and also to understand really what are the skills going back to my example I gave at the beginning of Corey Powell. You know, part of Corey Powell's problem wasn't that he didn't have skills.

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  22. Well, part of what we say is that recruiting needs to be skills based and not degree-based, and that we understand if you get, and some skills are acquired through credentials, maybe not through, they may be through a particular program. We need much greater transparency of the value of a credential. What skills does that mean you have earned? And one of the things we found over the last 10 years is recruiters, it's easier to recruit somebody and fill a job. You get greater credit if you say, oh, I found the person with an undergraduate degree. In a funny way, that's too easy. It's much easier than trying to figure out do you have the requisite skills, but you don't have a college degree to do the job in front of us. But more and more companies are willing to put in the effort to understand that.

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  23. And we need to make all of that easier for the average American. That's the fundamental thesis of the report, and we offer up all kinds of examples of where that's happening.

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  24. I went to manufacturing, advanced manufacturing place in Delaware where I met all kinds of young people who had gone through the high school system in Delaware, gotten skills training, were in manufacturing. They owned a home. They owned a car. They were getting further education. They had no debt.

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  25. Or you may be somebody who is going to do vocational work, which there are phenomenal vocational jobs with great incomes.

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  26. I think we need all of the above. In other words, we need to offer pathways for someone who is not going to go to college and you may be Mark Zuckerberg. You're going to.

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  27. What do you think of the Silicon Valley idea that you don't need school? More and more, I have to say, first I thought I dismissed it as out of hand, but as my kids get older, I'm like, do they really need to go to college? I mean, they're going to, but why? Like, I start to question the concept of it. What is the actual career path for people? And again, my kids early for sure, but you begin to question it's a big thing in Silicon Valley. You have Mark Zuckerberg, others who left college, created stuff. How do you look at that concept of? And when you talk about ongoing education, that's different than...

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  28. I think it's fear and angst, and I think it's a question of people feeling that they don't have opportunity and they can't find their way to economic opportunity. We have this growing divide in our country in terms of opportunity, and that is undermining the promise of the United States. And we must address that. We can't just address the opportunities at the top of the food chain. We've got to make sure that every American has the opportunity at the American dream. And that's why I say we've got the programs that can offer, it make it easier for someone who's in middle school and high school to get skills so that they can be employable. I'm not saying that they shouldn't ultimately pursue more and more education. I'm saying we have to recognize the flexibility that's needed in an individual's life.

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  29. At a higher rate than Americans do. And the other problem that I saw firsthand as Secretary of Commerce is we have American businesses that are putting jobs today in Canada and other parts of the world because they can't get the talent here. And they would just please, they would beg me, please let us get these people in so that they can do their work here and they can buy our products here and they can be part of our communities and they can strengthen our economy. But I think there's a lot of people who feel, okay, that's great, except it's not helping me. And I think that that's part of this. So what is it hard to divide?

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  30. That's crazy Keep the innovation here. And, you know, if you're an immigrant, you have to be entrepreneurial and innovative because how the heck did you get here? We don't make it easy. It's very hard. And you have to have resiliency and you have to have stickuitiveness. And I'm not saying immigrants are more resilient, but what I will say is that immigrants do form new companies.

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  31. Well, I think that it's related to the topic that we were talking about before, which is the angst Americans are feeling about their jobs and their opportunity. They don't know what to do, but they're like, okay, I don't have it. Maybe somebody else does. And so I think there's a fear of the other that's been stoked, which is just the opposite of what the values have been of the United States of America. And I think that our immigration policy, we tried to get comprehensive immigration reform done in the Obama administration. It was a huge priority. And we would have benefited so much because we do this extraordinary, you know, if you're a refugee or you're someone trying to come to the United States, you go through five, seven years of a process. You go through so much review. It's unbelievable. What we're not allowing is think of this. Today,

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  32. Absolutely. So then there's jobs in Mexico. The truth is the immigration from Mexico, illegal immigration from Mexico, is very low. We followed this caravan of folks trying to come to the United States through Mexico. It was 1,200 people, and frankly, they were coming from south of the Mexican border.

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  33. I'm the great granddaughter of an immigrant, and I went back to Ukraine, which is where my family came from. And I went to the 75th anniversary of Babyar, where the 32,000 Jews were killed. And frankly, I wouldn't be alive today if my great-grandfather had not immigrated. So, you know, and we have benefited from immigration. We benefited not just economically, but as the mosaic that is our country has benefited from all kinds of thinking.

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  34. Well, I don't get the policy. I really don't understand it. First of all, we're a country of immigrants. I'm the great granddaughter.

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  35. And so there's a lot of evaluation in there. And I think it's a very useful offering for, for example, what I kept in mind was think about the fact we're going to have 31 new governors next year And if you're a governor, how could you pull the levers in your state to make the people living in your state more competitive?

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  36. To provide a menu of options, options at the federal level, options for state and local leaders, options for business leaders, what to do, options for nonprofits. Because I'm a due person. I'm not a person.

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  37. Well, we had the head of Lumina Foundation. We had folks from McKinsey. We had John Engler, former governor, we had Jack Markell, former governor. We had business leaders from different parts of the country. So it was a really eclectic group of people.

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  38. Exactly. And so I want to talk about that leadership, what it's going to require as this transition is made. Because one thing I do fear is that the fresh ideas of what we're going to do about it, if you believe, as I do, say that you're going to work 20 hours a week. What do we do about that? Who makes money? What about universal basic income? Lots of different ideas that are being banned about. I want to talk about that and more with Penny Pritzker. She was the former U.S. Commerce Secretary, and she's been working on a book with the Council of Foreign Relations. She led a report with John Angler called The Work Ahead Machine Skills and U.S. Leadership in the 21st Century. Big news, Vox Media has an exciting new project they're working on with Netflix. Here's Joe Posner and Claire Gordon to tell you all about it.

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  39. Technical skills Right, absolutely. So when we get back, I want to talk more about the leadership parts of it because one of the things that's happened is around immigration, around the idea this country was founded on immigration and Sachin Adela is an immigrant, for example, at Microsoft, Sergei Brin is an immigrant. Elon Musk is an immigrant. You can go down. I'm just using the tech people.

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  40. And those are technical skills. We need more people with more technical skills. But we need to also make it easier for someone who is at different stages of their life gaining those technical skills. We don't stop learning

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  41. Well, that may or may not be true, I don't know if that's going to be the case. I don't necessarily believe that's the case because we seem to be able to iterate jobs. And all I know is that we seem to need more people. We've got low unemployment also and dissatisfaction with the skills.

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  42. Means we're going to have massive change. I don't know what it means for employment. Right. I'm an optimist. We seem to have figured out employment throughout history. So I think we'll figure that part out. And I'm a believer in jobs. Jobs are important for someone, not just for...

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  43. They were worried about their kids, and I said, I think you're a smart person. Everything that can be digitized will be digitized. That's it. Period. Cars will be digitized. We will have self-driving cars. So what does that? Let's just assume that's happening and it's not going to stop. What does that mean for malls, for insurance companies, for like start to really iterate around the entire? It means we're going to have.

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  44. Engage in a dialogue around a new idea. These are skills that need to be learned and how do I do it in a way where I don't get defensive, where I feel that I can be collaborative. And that's a set of skills as much as it is learning how to run a smart grid. Or it is to learn to be a plumber, or it is to learn to run a carpet manufacturing machine.

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  45. So, the skills, it's everything from we have a significant part of our population that's just not even job ready. No. So basic soft skills, I hate the word soft because these are fundamental skills that we take for granted in many instances that children are learning. But in many cases, there's not been someone to model the basic workplace skills. How do I show up on time? How do I address folks? How do I resolve conflict at work? How do I...

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  46. So it's not like this is something that can be purely machine run. The machines on a manufacturing floor need people to monitor and manage and adjust as products change. And so what we have to learn is to be able to work side by side with machines.

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  47. Right, but there are all kinds of machines. There's robotics that may replace somebody who's trying to lift something that's too heavy or move materials. But then there's machines like drones. I mean, drones could, for example, if you think about inspections of telecommunication towers or wind turbines or things like that, it's dangerous to send an inventory. That's right. Why do it? And so, but they need pilots.

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  48. Right. When we're talking about this idea, you have machine skills in U.S. leadership. I want to get to U.S. leadership in a second around lots of topics, but the picture on this front is of a machine replacing things One of the things I just talked about in a recent podcast was this idea of sometimes machines should replace jobs because they do it better. Coal mining is dangerous for people. Machines should probably do the work, robots of some sort. There's all kinds of jobs where machines do a better job. They're cheaper. They do better. When you think about when you say machines, what do you mean by that, the work ahead? Because they are going to replace.

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  49. Right. I think that I'm not going to argue against coding. I think you have to understand. And I don't know what the right course offerings are to say, how do I understand what is coding, what is artificial intelligence, how do I work side by side with machines? Because we all work with machines. We all work with some sort of either. iPad or phone or computer, everything is technology today, every job. And so we have to learn, we have to be trained so that we can do that proficiently and not be somebody who's constantly saying, help, help, I can't get this done.

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  50. About the idea of coding, like, this is something that's caught on to Silicon Valley all the time. I don't, I think it's sort of a dumb down version of something important. You sort of hear them saying it's like, that's not really what you want to how you want to position it, that it should be like learning in English or something like that.

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