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Reed Jobs

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2024-03-07
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2024-03-07
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  1. That mindset hasn't really lasted or been preserved that well, in my opinion, in the last couple decades for a whole host of reasons. But I just really believe that at its very best this place can make things that really take people's breath away and that can really, really change the world in an unambiguously positive way. And for us and for myself, that's the spirit that I still hold and that I really just want us to bring to the table every day.

    2024-03-07 · On with Kara Swisher · Why Reed Jobs is Betting on Cancer Innovations · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  2. Figuring out where that story is going to be written and having Yosemite play a role in that ideally a prominent role is really what I'm aiming for. I agree that I think this is the biological century. It's one of the most important places not just in the economy, but for people, for ideally millions of people who will unfortunately suffer through these diseases. If we could make that significantly better for Being part of great companies that help move that significantly is the biggest thing for me In terms of just your question on the valley, It's amazing to see. How the incentives have really changed. I hope to be a bit of An old school type that cares about making a few great things.

    2024-03-07 · On with Kara Swisher · Why Reed Jobs is Betting on Cancer Innovations · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  3. I want us to be part of a few amazing companies that really change the paradigm on how we think about cancer. And that's likely going to be both on the diagnostic side, on the therapeutic side, and likely on the digital health side as well. But all of these systems, whether it's hospital systems that haven't been updated since the late 90s, or the way that we're thinking about immunotherapy and gene editing, and it's just the beginning of all these things. And you can kind of see how they could be combined, but it's still so early.

    2024-03-07 · On with Kara Swisher · Why Reed Jobs is Betting on Cancer Innovations · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  4. Sure. So to take them one at a time, I only think that anyone is going to really do two or three great things in their life. That was something that my family kind of has drilled into me, which is you have to focus what you're going to be good at and you have to pick extremely disciplined and diligently, which is really hard. What that means on a daily basis is you have to say no to things. You desperately want to do because it's not quite as important as the thing you need to do, which is extremely difficult. And I still haven't totally mastered that. Ultimately

    2024-03-07 · On with Kara Swisher · Why Reed Jobs is Betting on Cancer Innovations · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  5. I guess my biggest worry, and this is not something I have a lot of control over, is that if we dramatically accelerate the process of drug development and drug discovery and clinical trials, that that doesn't translate into lower costs.

    2024-03-07 · On with Kara Swisher · Why Reed Jobs is Betting on Cancer Innovations · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  6. That's a really interesting question in terms of what is it going to create in terms of new knowledge. And that's an area that no one really knows the answer to. We're thinking about this a lot. For me, it's one of the more Fascinating aspects of this that is really unique. Now, I'm sure it will not change every aspect of medicine. I don't want to be too promotive of the hype there.

    2024-03-07 · On with Kara Swisher · Why Reed Jobs is Betting on Cancer Innovations · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  7. That is getting a little bit more complicated. For that, we're really interested in looking at, say, patient modeling and for certain aspects of clinical trials that you could probably model out instead of have to recruit patients for. One example is something called the synthetic comparator arm. So this is a little wonky, but basically, you know, instead of having one arm on the drug that you're testing and one arm, that's the standard of care. If it's something that's really common and the standard of care is being reproduced across a lot of different trials, could you work with the FDA to make one standard of care that is just conserved across all those so you don't have to keep recruiting patients for it? And that's one promising area.

    2024-03-07 · On with Kara Swisher · Why Reed Jobs is Betting on Cancer Innovations · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  8. Incogene is something that's promotive of cancer in a way that is a bit unstoppable. So a good analogy is like someone who has a stroke while driving and their foot is on the gas pedal. It's a little like that. One of the classic examples is something called epidermal growth factor receptor. So every cell in your body has this receptor to tell it to divide. So like, you know, in adolescence, when you're growing, your cells are dividing a lot because you have to grow. And every cell needs this signal. For many cancers, when they get advanced, this pathway becomes mutated and it basically becomes turned on all the time. This is what drives a lot of the uncontrollable growth. It could be on the top of the pathway. It could be kind of downstream. Doesn't really matter. The point is that the entire cell is getting this signal to just divide constantly. And that's the kind of thing where you need to basically just like either...

    2024-03-07 · On with Kara Swisher · Why Reed Jobs is Betting on Cancer Innovations · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  9. Places that we could make drugs in areas that were previously thought of to be untouchable, there's a couple oncogenes that We didn't really see any parts that we could make anything to perturb now have potential candidates. They may not work, but we've gone from nothing to candidates at the very least. And that's a big deal. So I don't want to diminish really the effects here. The acceleration has been enormous.

    2024-03-07 · On with Kara Swisher · Why Reed Jobs is Betting on Cancer Innovations · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  10. Now, with drug discovery, the notion broadly is, you know, could you model proteins out to find basically druggable niches in them without having to do super expensive X-ray crystallography? And could your library of drugs that you have maybe as a pharmaceutical company, maybe as an academic, be able to go in there and do what you want it to do? This is a super big deal because it's not really replacing people, but it's accelerating the pace of innovation by an order of magnitude. Already a lot of companies are putting a ton of resources into this, they're all somewhat constrained by what their internal libraries are and what they can test against. If you're a company, you can usually test against what you have and that's about it. But this is still a incredibly important deal. And just as a little anecdote, We've seen

    2024-03-07 · On with Kara Swisher · Why Reed Jobs is Betting on Cancer Innovations · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  11. Kind of break it down into three areas AI really right now is affecting diagnostics, drug discovery, and then there's kind of the sandbox of what could you build. In terms of diagnostics, this is happening. That transferability is happening very quickly. You're not going to be replacing radiologists, but you will be improving them better than the very best in the world. This is quite tractable. It's happening quite soon. So I would say that's one area that we're incredibly excited about. Frankly, it's not one that we're investing a lot in because it's already quite mature. So it is not the best fit for venture.

    2024-03-07 · On with Kara Swisher · Why Reed Jobs is Betting on Cancer Innovations · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  12. That is certainly not on my purview. I think It's an interesting kind of cocktail conversation. It's a long way away from being something that I would say is a serious concern just because this technology is so nascent. However, these are fields moving incredibly fast. Jennifer, everybody is right to keep this as a serious concern. I think, frankly, her leadership in that from a moral perspective has been amazing. And the last thing in the world we want is for this to be abused by people.

    2024-03-07 · On with Kara Swisher · Why Reed Jobs is Betting on Cancer Innovations · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  13. You can't deliver this with any kind of specificity. So, like, let's say I had a problem with my kidney, you can't give me a gene therapy that just goes to my kidney as an organ. It'll go to every single cell in my body, and that's not acceptable from a safety perspective. So figuring out the next generation delivery modalities that don't have that problem and have much more specificity is sort of where the field is right now. Long story short, there's a giant race happening. There's dozens of companies pursuing this. We're involved with some of them. It's a big deal and it's really the next stage of where that technology is going, is cracking the delivery problem.

    2024-03-07 · On with Kara Swisher · Why Reed Jobs is Betting on Cancer Innovations · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  14. Just take it out, and that's that. This is like sickle cell anemia, Huntington's disease, which is awful. And, you know, several other kind of nerd generative developmental diseases. Those are the areas you're going to start with that. However, right now the issue for a lot of other applications is

    2024-03-07 · On with Kara Swisher · Why Reed Jobs is Betting on Cancer Innovations · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  15. We do a lot of work on both the gene editing side and actually on something called the epigenetic editing side. Those two things are somewhat similar but have different applications. So with CRISPR, right now, one of the big things we're working on is the delivery issue. So basically, if you think about gene editing like a copy and a paste, CRISPR is sort of half of that. It's incredible at cutting out with single gene specificity things along the genome, which is incredible. It's not really good at pasting things in. So you can't replace a bad gene with a good gene. But for instance, there's many diseases that are called monogenic diseases, one gene, where you have one mutated gene that's causing the whole disease. So you saw this recently with...

    2024-03-07 · On with Kara Swisher · Why Reed Jobs is Betting on Cancer Innovations · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  16. Doesn't activate. And unless you're going to be crazy precise about when is the right point for your immune system to recognize that, it's really hard to be able to design something like this. My own instinct, and this is just my own view, is it's one of those things that doesn't work until it does. And then, oh my gosh. So it is something that we have researched that we're supporting. There was a paper from Biointech that came out about six months ago, actually in pancreatic cancer, a small phase one, but they had about a 50% response rate for a phase one trial. I wouldn't read a ton into that, but it shows that it's still a very active field. And especially as we've gotten better at vaccines, that also changes what we can work with. So it's a super interesting idea, but it's super early.

    2024-03-07 · On with Kara Swisher · Why Reed Jobs is Betting on Cancer Innovations · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  17. Need to be incredibly precise with what you're going after. Because remember how I said all of us have kind of proto-cancer in us? Well, most of that is not actually going to really matter that much. Most of it will get cleared out.

    2024-03-07 · On with Kara Swisher · Why Reed Jobs is Betting on Cancer Innovations · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  18. Cancer vaccines have been this really tantalizing idea for a long time. If cancer is a different thing, can you prem your immune system for it? That way it'll identify it and boom, here you go, kill it. How awesome would that be? It has never really worked. The vaccines you're talking about are for virally mediated cancers, for HPV, for hepatitis, for those kinds of things. That is not most cancers. Most cancers are not turned on by viruses. They might be impacted by them a bit, but it's not the driving factor. What you're talking about is a prophylactic vaccine. It's something you take preventively, which is totally the dream. Now, that hasn't ever worked really just because

    2024-03-07 · On with Kara Swisher · Why Reed Jobs is Betting on Cancer Innovations · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  19. But it was honestly incredible. And I actually even got a master's studying some of that. I was contemplating, you know, I could do academics. I'd like, you know, worked kind of all around actually where you live now in Washington. Decided, and this is when I was 24, one of the biggest decisions of my life I really knew that it wasn't the battle I really cared about. And I didn't think that Was the kind of impact I wanted to have. Like, I'm sure I could have done a good job at a think tank or something, but you're still just out of think tank. So I. About a month of introspection, and I just realized that ultimately cancer was the thing I'd always cared the most about. And it was really unfinished. So that was right around the time that I was finishing up my graduate work. And that's when I...

    2024-03-07 · On with Kara Swisher · Why Reed Jobs is Betting on Cancer Innovations · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  20. I didn't take time off after he passed away because it was really important for him that I finish college, that even though he dropped out, actually, he cared a lot about finishing college Just to be frank, it was personally really hard for a couple years. I was pre-med at the time. I was taking all the organic chemistry and all the kind of prerequisite classes. And I had about two years where I really was a bit allergic to cancer. I just couldn't really deal with it. Honestly, I'm a little ashamed of that. I wish that that hadn't been my reaction. But it is what it is. And that was what I went through. So I ended up changing majors because if I didn't want to do cancer, I had to do something else. So I always have loved history and I did a program actually studying nuclear weapons in Stanford's international security program. Wow.

    2024-03-07 · On with Kara Swisher · Why Reed Jobs is Betting on Cancer Innovations · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  21. That's beautiful My decision Like a lot of kids, I was thinking of going very far away for college, but he was getting pretty sick, so I stuck around it. I went to Stanford, which turned out to be amazing.

    2024-03-07 · On with Kara Swisher · Why Reed Jobs is Betting on Cancer Innovations · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  22. I mean, so really that's what propelled me to start when I was 15 in cancer labs. We were sequencing colon cancer tumors. I really learned everything I could for these tumor boards. I tried to at least have a point of view on everything. And he obviously didn't make it. I do believe that That generation is going to be one of the very last to have so few options. And I see it moving incredibly differently for people who are my generation and younger. Now, again, I think, to be honest, pancreas is going to be one of the very last ones to go. It was, you know, just very unlucky. He had a rare form of cancer. And those are extremely difficult to treat. The good news is there's many that are far more common that are having much more traction.

    2024-03-07 · On with Kara Swisher · Why Reed Jobs is Betting on Cancer Innovations · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  23. It is. And since then, the cost has come down about a thousandfold. It used to cost if, you know, The first human genome was about $3 billion in 2003. Now it's less than $1,000. Even though there's limits to how useful all the sequencing is, it's

    2024-03-07 · On with Kara Swisher · Why Reed Jobs is Betting on Cancer Innovations · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  24. Yeah, you know, I learned about gene sequencing, about really the cutting edge of biotech quite a long time ago. And I've never really lost a lot of those connections and a lot of that exposure. Foundation for what I'm doing now is established quite early, even if funnily enough those particular innovations are a bit expired by this point.

    2024-03-07 · On with Kara Swisher · Why Reed Jobs is Betting on Cancer Innovations · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  25. A tumor board is a meeting of top oncologists, researchers from different areas to review a case. This happens for complex cases. It happens all the time. It's a very normal thing And because of knowing Art Levinson and having worked in the space for a bit.

    2024-03-07 · On with Kara Swisher · Why Reed Jobs is Betting on Cancer Innovations · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  26. Course, absolutely. It is a silver lining. I don't think that's a bad way to put it at all Again, most people who work in cancer do it for very personal reasons. And the drive that that gives you is not what most people have in most jobs. It's not something that you pay for very, very dearly, but it is valuable and it matters a lot. It matters a lot to me. I would just say the thing that stuck with me from his experience was Not just getting incredibly passionate about this, but I was fortunate enough to join him in a lot of his tumor boards. Would meet with some of the very best experts in the world. So from a very young age

    2024-03-07 · On with Kara Swisher · Why Reed Jobs is Betting on Cancer Innovations · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  27. A couple years of development is off the charts cool. And one of the really interesting things I love about medicine that is actually true in tech that he was great at is seeing how innovation comes from all these orthogonal places. And it's such a synthesis problem where you can read the very best data in the world and actually researchers studying something completely different that comes up with the breakthrough. And being super flexible, being open, and having beginners' eyes towards all this is actually critical to continue to be successful.

    2024-03-07 · On with Kara Swisher · Why Reed Jobs is Betting on Cancer Innovations · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  28. I would say I've learned so much from my mom, really just about. Judging people and the quality of the people you partner with. She has an amazing eye for talent, for potential. And that's something that I've really tried to cultivate in myself, which if you're leading a firm is actually one of the most important things. You know, from my dad, It's the simplest thing, but I would just say I get up and I love what I do every day. And it makes me so much better at it. And obviously, you know, his story and his journey was a big part of why I'm here. And I actually love that I can still feel connected that way and that it's actually making a difference. Some of these things are working. Like the potential for what we're funding right now.

    2024-03-07 · On with Kara Swisher · Why Reed Jobs is Betting on Cancer Innovations · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  29. Yeah, exactly. It's a good fight. So that was my form of rebellion at the time. But no, we of course did have plenty of access, but... We all were. Frankly, such hardcore students.

    2024-03-07 · On with Kara Swisher · Why Reed Jobs is Betting on Cancer Innovations · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  30. Oh, sure. We did have restricted access. Restricted is the key word there. A lot of teens kind of rebel from their parents. You know, maybe they have a girlfriend they don't like or, you know, change their appearance. In my case, I carried a razor flip phone with me for about three years in high school unnecessarily, you know, because you're 15, you're pretty stupid.

    2024-03-07 · On with Kara Swisher · Why Reed Jobs is Betting on Cancer Innovations · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  31. No one else is really as far as we know been as focused at this scale. So already that's incredibly differentiated from a lot of the other firms out there. And our focus on really early stage cancer work is something that people other people do. We collaborate. We syndicate with people all the time. bullseye is something that other firms don't really have.

    2024-03-07 · On with Kara Swisher · Why Reed Jobs is Betting on Cancer Innovations · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  32. So our engagement with universities, with the no strings attached basis, is quite unusual in biotech. There's a few people that do this with a few universities. We cast a much wider net. And we are. Really, one of the largest funds focused on a single disease area, you're seeing a little bit more of this in the neurological space and a few funds have done this as a sleeve of one of many funds.

    2024-03-07 · On with Kara Swisher · Why Reed Jobs is Betting on Cancer Innovations · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  33. Well, it depends, though, Karrat. You know, we're not looking necessarily to shoehorn companies. We obviously care about that as an outcome, but We've been funding, for instance, things in the microbiome space for years. All the bacteria that live in your gut, they find their way into tumors. It's really interesting how it works. There's a lot of connections between your neurological and immune systems. And we've never actually invested in a company in that space. Certainly it's not because we don't find the technology or the area interesting. We just don't believe it's mature enough. And that's fine. We continue to look at applications today. So I would just say it shouldn't just be looked at as a purely incubation model. We want to meet the science where it is and just progress it along in the right way.

    2024-03-07 · On with Kara Swisher · Why Reed Jobs is Betting on Cancer Innovations · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  34. There's no strings attached, so we don't have any IP rights or any ownership to any of these. It's really just to promote the very, very best ideas out there.

    2024-03-07 · On with Kara Swisher · Why Reed Jobs is Betting on Cancer Innovations · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  35. And partnering with such an amazing philanthropic institution has been a change for us and one that we were really, really excited to announce.

    2024-03-07 · On with Kara Swisher · Why Reed Jobs is Betting on Cancer Innovations · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  36. Hardcore fidelity to the science. And we don't again, one of the reasons why we eschew the word cure, we want to be really honest about what is the very, very best state of the art and how can we improve it, how can we take ambitious but logical bets here. And that kind of thinking is exactly the framework that most universities have. Something I am excited to announce is on Friday, Yosemite announced a partnership with the American Cancer Society on our first inaugural tranche of Yosemite grants. So this is the first time since really launching this program that we're really beginning our first round of grant funding. It's in the areas of tumor microenvironment, several AI topics, and one more in early detection. And all of these are areas that we've spent quite a lot of time as the investment team thinking about how we want to see progress forward.

    2024-03-07 · On with Kara Swisher · Why Reed Jobs is Betting on Cancer Innovations · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  37. These are all really large endowments that are run as institutional capital, and they're very active, frankly, backing early stage managers, because they're such long-term capital providers and because they have the luxury of having endowment that's going to be around for the next hundred years, they can look at that timescale. That alignment was something that we were really, really searching for A lot of people don't have that kind of patience and don't have that sort of mandate. So that composition was really much more how we look at things because yes, we're a venture fund, but more than anything, we have just.

    2024-03-07 · On with Kara Swisher · Why Reed Jobs is Betting on Cancer Innovations · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  38. If it was solely comprised of people from Silicon Valley, that would not really be the type of momentum we were hoping for.

    2024-03-07 · On with Kara Swisher · Why Reed Jobs is Betting on Cancer Innovations · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  39. Yes, those are the announced ones so far. And, you know, for those, it was very just important for us to get those long-term institutions who have exactly the same timeframes and sort of scientific focuses that we do behind us as well. Speaking for myself, you know,

    2024-03-07 · On with Kara Swisher · Why Reed Jobs is Betting on Cancer Innovations · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  40. I mean, yeah, we take it. It's absolutely been an incredible start for Yosemite. So, you know, for us, and just for me candidly, coming out of a family office, it really mattered a lot that we had backing from more institutional investors. I have a whole team that I built in Emerson that came with me. So it was much more of a sort of later stage fund than a first-time fund. I'm really proud that we were able to get

    2024-03-07 · On with Kara Swisher · Why Reed Jobs is Betting on Cancer Innovations · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  41. And one immunotherapy treatment eliminated all of this, all of it. He's totally cancer free. It's unbelievable. He's pretty incredible in his own right. But it shows that actually the more highly mutated cancers, which about 10 years ago were the very, very worst, have had the most traction.

    2024-03-07 · On with Kara Swisher · Why Reed Jobs is Betting on Cancer Innovations · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  42. In the last five years, there's been new therapies and actually new early diagnostics for all of these that have been incredibly specific. And the populations are dealing with are just enormous. So we anticipate a lot more mortality reduction in those areas. I would say if you look kind of the last 10 years, some of the most interesting things that have happened have been in really actually highly mutated cancers. So ironically, going back to the immunotherapy conversation, when you reveal cancer to the immune system, the more mutated it is, the more different from you it looks. So actually, the easier time your body has eliminating it. So things like melanoma that have the most mutations because it's from UV radiation and it's just, you know, off the charts actually is the most highly treatable by immunotherapy. You might have heard of Jimmy Carter having metastatic melanoma. He actually had mets in his brain.

    2024-03-07 · On with Kara Swisher · Why Reed Jobs is Betting on Cancer Innovations · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  43. Basically, scar tissue around it. Your body thinks it's a wound and tries to heal it. This has the unfortunate unintended consequence of sort of cocooning the cancer and actually protecting it. So it doesn't really become symptomatic until it's metastatic. And then, you know, and then the game's over. So unfortunately, pancreatic brain, ovarian, these are going to be ones that are going to take a long time to really get traction for. The good news is cancers that are far more common. So colon, breast, lung, prostate, these are seeing incredible advances, especially in colon cancer and lung cancer, which are the two highest incidence ones along with breast.

    2024-03-07 · On with Kara Swisher · Why Reed Jobs is Betting on Cancer Innovations · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  44. So we work across all cancers. I have a personal history with pancreatic cancer. Most people who work in biotech on cancer do it for personal reasons. I would say we see a lot of segmentation in terms of different cancers for sure. Unfortunately, pancreatic is likely going to be one of the final ones to see a lot of efficacy. There's two main reasons for that. It has very few mutations. It's just like the wrong ones, but it's only a small handful. And it gets

    2024-03-07 · On with Kara Swisher · Why Reed Jobs is Betting on Cancer Innovations · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  45. It's preposterous. No, hopefully you don't have to, but to enter a hospital is a little like a time machine. You're sort of going back to about 1989. And I can't tell you how many patients have come up to me because They have gotten their medical records either in paper form, and in one case I remember it was a floppy disk. And this was in like 2019, which is just so preposterous that it would be funny if it weren't for the severity the stakes involved.

    2024-03-07 · On with Kara Swisher · Why Reed Jobs is Betting on Cancer Innovations · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  46. Something that was a silver lining for COVID was all these clinical trials couldn't really exist in hospitals anymore during COVID at the height of the pandemic because they were overwhelmed with COVID patients, of course. So what happened was pharmaceutical companies had to work through local physician offices. And they set up a lot of infrastructure to be able to do this, which continues to exist because it's a lot cheaper to recruit patients where they are as opposed to where you want them to be. And the accessibility and the quality of data that's come out since then has been enormously better. Figuring out how we optimize that and actually take that to the next generation is another big area that we're focused on.

    2024-03-07 · On with Kara Swisher · Why Reed Jobs is Betting on Cancer Innovations · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  47. Came from a good place. It said you can't pay people to be in your clinical trial, which is a good thing, by the way, because that could be abused a lot. However, the downside of that was you couldn't reimburse people for things like transportation, for food, for housing. If you need to stay by there. And generally, that added up to really prohibitive economic costs for most people to participate in clinical trials. It's one of the reasons why, you know, if you look at who's participating, it skews wealthy, very Caucasian, very disproportionate to the rest of the population. As always.

    2024-03-07 · On with Kara Swisher · Why Reed Jobs is Betting on Cancer Innovations · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  48. Do a lot of digital health. In digital health, what we're really looking at is actually remote care delivery and really putting data into the decision-making ecosystem. So right now, Physicians don't really treat people based on any outcomes data. They do it based on their training and what they kind of grew up knowing. And about three years ago, the amount of scientific literature being published every day physically eclipsed the ability for people to read it in that given time. Correct. So it's unfortunately impossible to actually be up to date as a physician. And there's no data in the loop here at all. This drives really bad outcomes for patients and frankly doesn't help physicians at all either. So figuring out companies that are really engaging with that in clever ways are huge areas that we're focused in. The other one I just mentioned was remote care delivery. So for the longest time, you know, if you're going to be in a clinical trial, you needed to live near an academic medical center that was hosting it. And there is a law passed about 30 years ago which

    2024-03-07 · On with Kara Swisher · Why Reed Jobs is Betting on Cancer Innovations · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  49. Now, the amazing part of all this is it works incredibly well in a minority of cancers, yet it doesn't work for everybody. We have a lot of ideas about what drives that difference, but optimizing this so that it's not just 20% of people that this is efficacious for, but 80% is likely going to take the next couple decades, but it's really where.

    2024-03-07 · On with Kara Swisher · Why Reed Jobs is Betting on Cancer Innovations · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  50. It took Jim Allison's work to really get this to have legs. He was a researcher here at Berkeley. He's originally from Texas. And he identified not only the T cell receptor and how your immune system looks at things. We don't even know how it sort of worked before. He really cracked that out. He also then figured out how you would block these receptors that get lied to by the cancer. Cancer's unbelievably wily. It will sort of use your own body's immune cloaking devices against itself. And Jim is a hero of mine. He was the first person to win a Nobel Prize not only for the discovery of something, but for developing the drug against it, which is just so wicked, cool. He also plays Harmonica with Willie Nelson as a character. Since then, that was really the first generation of technologies there. Subsequently, we've actually taken this to the point where we can take out your immune system and actually edge.

    2024-03-07 · On with Kara Swisher · Why Reed Jobs is Betting on Cancer Innovations · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT