YouSaid · the spoken record

Rose Marcario

lines on the record: 63
first: 2018-05-09
most recent: 2018-05-09
sittings or episodes: 1
sources: podcast

Every line below is reproduced as it was said and linked to the record it came from. Nothing here is summarised or generated. Directory · Search · Corrections

“Years ago, and I think, yeah, we're excited about this new ActionWorks platform because we're seeing tons of engagement, lots of volunteer hours, people giving money to these organizations, and real engagement. So I'm excited about that. I think that can be really exciting in scale. And the right brands that do the right thing will win in the end, I think.”
2018-05-09 · Decoder with Nilay Patel · Recode Decode: Patagonia CEO Rose Marcario · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT
“I feel really energized by I think there's so much good energy galvanized right now, activist energy, and activist energy changes the world. You just have to look at it historically and you can see that it's true. And some fights take a long time, you know? I mean, Ivana Melinda, you know, our founders have been fighting these environmental battles for 46 years. And, you know, they win some, they lose some. It's just part of it, and you have to just keep going and you have to keep focused on it. And so, yeah, I'm optimistic that we have a lot more tools, technology tools, community tools now. We're not licking stamps and phone banking like we were, you know?”
2018-05-09 · Decoder with Nilay Patel · Recode Decode: Patagonia CEO Rose Marcario · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT
“Yeah, I think I'd be writing. I really have been very involved in the Benefit Corporation movement, and I would really like to see. It's the idea that business has a responsibility to people and the planet, and it's a legal designation. A lot of companies are becoming B Corps. There's probably some in the room right now. And, yeah, and it's really exciting. It's kind of a grassroots movement around what kind of the new capitalism and new economy can be. And I'm super excited about that because you need an alternative to the quarterly madness, and I like it.”
2018-05-09 · Decoder with Nilay Patel · Recode Decode: Patagonia CEO Rose Marcario · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT
“I mean, I think it's really talking about just generally people. Yeah, I mean, I think that, yeah, I mean, we're already seeing a lot of people who wouldn't normally have been running for office or running for office, and they're doing really well, and they're speaking the truth and they're being fearless, and that's really inspiring to me to see that. I think we're seeing younger people get more engaged in civil society around voting. I mean, if young people just voted, we'd have, you know, I think a much better world of people engaged in that way. Right.”
2018-05-09 · Decoder with Nilay Patel · Recode Decode: Patagonia CEO Rose Marcario · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT
“So, whatever we want to say happens, and I think that's one good thing, the other part is I just don't care for other people's opinions. I don't know. I just don't. And so I don't want to come to a group decision. And then not be able to make the decision. You know what I think? So I think women do not become the boss. Being the boss is a really good thing and that women do not as much. They just do not. It's simple as that. And so if you run things, you can do things. You can get things happen. I feel like that happens. I don't know. I don't know.”
2018-05-09 · Decoder with Nilay Patel · Recode Decode: Patagonia CEO Rose Marcario · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT
“Going home, I'm working for such idiots. And so I decided to start my own thing because I felt like if you're the boss, you can make decisions and that you can make mistakes and you could make errors and everything else, but you have to, if you're the boss, it goes on you, especially about how you're going to do things. Everything from when I was at the Wall Street Journal or The Washington Post, both great, well, not the Wall Street Journal, but the Wall Street Post is a great newspaper, but it used to be a great newspaper, the Wall Street Journal. But you could make your own decisions. And they would be very snipey at many, this is a stupid journalism thing, but people fight between each other for turf inside of a thing. So I could just make a rule. We're not doing that. All the reporters share. And I literally had a young reporter come to the other day, I've never worked it somewhere where everybody cooperates. And it was just because we said so.”
2018-05-09 · Decoder with Nilay Patel · Recode Decode: Patagonia CEO Rose Marcario · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT
“Yeah, you've stayed in those companies. I do not think that. I think that you have to be your own boss. I left a very good job at the Wall Street Journal because I hated being an employee. I was a bad employee. I thought the people I work for largely white guys, not because they were white guys. And by the way, I have two sons who are very lovely white guys. I just didn't want to be their employee, and I thought they were stupid. And so you can't live like that.”
2018-05-09 · Decoder with Nilay Patel · Recode Decode: Patagonia CEO Rose Marcario · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT
“Oh, you know, I think that you can make a lot of change inside of a big company if you're willing to speak up and galvanize and evangelize. I think you can. I mean, it's harder for sure, but I do think it's possible and healthy to do that. And I know I did it in the big companies that I was at. I was often the times the only woman in the room. You know, I think I helped change some things just by, you know, offering a different point of view and talking about what was missing that should have been there. So I think it's possible. I do think it's possible to change.”
2018-05-09 · Decoder with Nilay Patel · Recode Decode: Patagonia CEO Rose Marcario · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT
“Yeah, and I think our food business could end up being just as big as our apparel business or bigger in the coming years.”
2018-05-09 · Decoder with Nilay Patel · Recode Decode: Patagonia CEO Rose Marcario · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT
“Well, we're expanding a lot internationally because we've been in the U.S. for 45 years, so we're expanding a lot internationally, and we're taking our value system there, and we're getting involved in local environmental activism and issues.”
2018-05-09 · Decoder with Nilay Patel · Recode Decode: Patagonia CEO Rose Marcario · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT
“Yeah, our email, you know, I agree. But it's sort of like if there was a viable alternative, I think I would be using it now just based on how the companies have responded. So I think creating viable alternatives in new markets.”
2018-05-09 · Decoder with Nilay Patel · Recode Decode: Patagonia CEO Rose Marcario · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT
“Well, I think it's other marketplaces. If I had an alternative to Facebook to keep in touch with my relatives back east, I would be using it right now, right?”
2018-05-09 · Decoder with Nilay Patel · Recode Decode: Patagonia CEO Rose Marcario · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT
“Well, we don't sell on Amazon. There's a lot of gray market on Amazon or resellers on Amazon. But we don't want them to have our data, and we don't really believe in the algorithmic model. I think they do like 800,000 price changes a day or something, and they keep trying to push people down to the lowest price. And that's what's happening to organic since they got Whole Foods. It's like they just keep pushing these small organic brands to lower their prices. Know because they just keep calling me and telling me to lower my price. So now they're thinking about different models, and I think that”
2018-05-09 · Decoder with Nilay Patel · Recode Decode: Patagonia CEO Rose Marcario · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT
“Our industry really came together on public lands. I had our biggest competitor, the North Face, sitting next to me, REI, and we were calling the governor of Utah together. I mean, I think that to me is leadership. It's what I wish we see more from the tech world.”
2018-05-09 · Decoder with Nilay Patel · Recode Decode: Patagonia CEO Rose Marcario · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT
“I don't know what the right distribution model is because we probably wouldn't have big format grocery stores. But yeah, I mean, what we really want to do is kind of bring the organic industry together to help solve some of these problems. Because right now it's the big chemical companies that have the biggest voice in Washington, just like the big oil companies have the biggest voice on public lands and drilling. The outdoor industry is like a huge industry, but we don't spend any money on lobbying, you know, and like the oil industry spends hundreds of millions of dollars a year.”
2018-05-09 · Decoder with Nilay Patel · Recode Decode: Patagonia CEO Rose Marcario · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT
“Yeah, and we're working on creating certifications that can help farmers kind of evolve their practices and things like that.”
2018-05-09 · Decoder with Nilay Patel · Recode Decode: Patagonia CEO Rose Marcario · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT
“So we're kind of, you know, people feel held hostage by them, and we're going to try and create capital, create, you know, a certification and create a business environment where the good players can thrive.”
2018-05-09 · Decoder with Nilay Patel · Recode Decode: Patagonia CEO Rose Marcario · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT
“Especially in the US, because it's mostly chemical agriculture. And organic agriculture is sort of being co-opted by people who don't care to keep the standards high. So we're kind of in there to agitate and educate and keep innovating in that space and build supply chains. And it might be the best hope also for climate change and sequestration of carbon. So if we transformed everything to organic regenerative agricultural practices and got away from chemical and industrial practices, we could basically sequester according to Rodale Institute like 100% of our CO2 emissions. It's pretty exciting. The scary part is that three chemical companies own 75% of all the seed and all the pesticides.”
2018-05-09 · Decoder with Nilay Patel · Recode Decode: Patagonia CEO Rose Marcario · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT
“Well, in 2012, we started a food company called Patagonia Provisions because Yvonne and Ivan's always been interested in food and he's kind of tried to do it a few times, but we felt like the biggest thing that we can do for the environment is work on food and agriculture. The reality is industrialized agriculture has created incredible amount of damage.”
2018-05-09 · Decoder with Nilay Patel · Recode Decode: Patagonia CEO Rose Marcario · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT
“When I got to Silicon Valley, this was a while ago, they had a slide and they said, I'll never forget this. They go, go down the slide. I think it was at Excite. Remember that company? Yeah, yeah. No, you don't. Blink and you'll miss it, company. And they had hundreds of millions of dollars in funding. They chose to use their money to build a slide.”
2018-05-09 · Decoder with Nilay Patel · Recode Decode: Patagonia CEO Rose Marcario · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT
“Well, it's funny, you know, we offer on-site childcare, and the founders started it like 30 years ago, and we have total gender parity in our company, 50% women, 50% men. And I think that is because we have on-site childcare. And women were allowed to kind of continue their careers. And when I worked in Silicon Valley, you know, they had foodball tables and cappuccino machines and ping pong tables, but there was no comfortable place for a nursing mother to nurse.”
2018-05-09 · Decoder with Nilay Patel · Recode Decode: Patagonia CEO Rose Marcario · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT
“Yeah, and not necessarily a sexual assumption, it's a sex remark, which is interesting. I'll never forget when I came back from. And I said, For what? And they're like, and I go, What do I need more time for? Why do I need more time now? And they were like, I said, because it can't be because I had a baby, because that would be sexist. And he was like, I go, because you've had many children, right? And did you need more time? It was really awkward. Yeah, it's interesting, awful conversation that I made it as awkward and awful as possible. But it was an interesting”
2018-05-09 · Decoder with Nilay Patel · Recode Decode: Patagonia CEO Rose Marcario · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT
“You know, I had an experience that I never thought of that way, but then I heard someone talking and I thought, you know, I think that's kind of what happened. I was very young and the person was a lot older.”
2018-05-09 · Decoder with Nilay Patel · Recode Decode: Patagonia CEO Rose Marcario · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT
“Yeah, I mean, I think I was listening to all the stories and listening to women share their stories, and it made me very, you know, think about my own life and the kinds of experiences that I had. And I thought it was in, you know, I was blown away by how much Hollywood was sort of, you know, how bad it was. Like Selma Hayek's piece where she said, you know, he threatened to kill her or something. I mean, it was so out of hand and so terrible. So I think I just, I felt a lot of empathy for it. I think that it needs to be said.”
2018-05-09 · Decoder with Nilay Patel · Recode Decode: Patagonia CEO Rose Marcario · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT
“So women leaders always have to get asked this about how they are as a women leader, but how did the, when the Me Too thing obviously is still ongoing, there was just another appalling story about Richard Meyer, and then there was one at the Justice Department. There's so many. What did you think of when this all started to emerge, even though women knew it forever?”
2018-05-09 · Decoder with Nilay Patel · Recode Decode: Patagonia CEO Rose Marcario · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT
“No, I feel like I didn't realize how much employees were looking to me to set the tone and the leadership. And you have to spend time doing that. You have to spend time explaining why you're going to go take that hill and why it's important.”
2018-05-09 · Decoder with Nilay Patel · Recode Decode: Patagonia CEO Rose Marcario · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT
“Yeah, it took me a while to get that. I don't know if that's because women are kind of conditioned to not do that, although I've never really followed that like you. You don't seem shy to me.”
2018-05-09 · Decoder with Nilay Patel · Recode Decode: Patagonia CEO Rose Marcario · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT
“I want to also, this is really good advice. All right. Which is it you make sure that you don't promote someone who's not ready to be promoted? That's probably the biggest mistake he would say he's made. Now he said that to me and he promoted me to CEO. But yeah, for me, I think it was becoming CEO, it was underestimating the responsibility of being a leader and how much people really look at your actions every minute of every day. And it took me a long time to really get.”
2018-05-09 · Decoder with Nilay Patel · Recode Decode: Patagonia CEO Rose Marcario · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT
“Yeah, I mean, people do, we let Petagonia people do whatever they want to do. They can surf, they can have a meditation group, they can do whatever they want.”
2018-05-09 · Decoder with Nilay Patel · Recode Decode: Patagonia CEO Rose Marcario · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT
“Yeah, you know, I think Yeah, I mean, I think it's a lot of people are using it in the workplace now. And, you know, I mean, it's a very personal decision. I feel kind of, honestly, I feel kind of strange talking about it because it's such a personal thing. But take away the idea of mindfulness and think about responsibility. And I think we all need to be responsible for what's going on right now. And I was listening to Christian Amanport talk and she said, democracy has grown fat and lazy. And it's so important to engage in civil society, and that to me feels like what people need to do, and that's a mindful thing to do, you know? Thank you.”
2018-05-09 · Decoder with Nilay Patel · Recode Decode: Patagonia CEO Rose Marcario · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT
“At 15. One of the things I will get to the question in a second. One of my favorite parts is watching them dismantle old people on the internet. I think Charlie Daniels' son, let me tell you, and he's on Twitter. I'm like, oh my God, Charlie Daniels, stop. This kid's going to kill you. And then the kid killed him. I was like, don't stay away. They're real good at this social media stuff.”
2018-05-09 · Decoder with Nilay Patel · Recode Decode: Patagonia CEO Rose Marcario · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT
“You know what? I feel really optimistic about these generations that are coming up. I agree. Because they're not so entrenched in the status quo, and they're really smart and have a lot of information at their fingertips. Like you look at what happened at Parkland. I was standing in front of my television crying because these activists were so articulate. I thought I could never be that articulate at 15”
2018-05-09 · Decoder with Nilay Patel · Recode Decode: Patagonia CEO Rose Marcario · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT
“Right now Oh, I mean, I think that the overall quarterly mentality of, and I say this having been a CFO, you know, who worked to get quarterly results. And I think it's a disaster. I think it's going to kill us. Nothing happens quarterly. And there's this obsession around quarterly results, and I feel like it's going to, if we don't change that, As business people, and whenever I talk to CEOs of big companies, I tell them, go after that. The important thing. Like, we have to start thinking long term. We need to think in longer timeframes so we don't destroy the planet in the short term. And so I think that's a big part of it. We need to change the way, we don't need to dismantle capitalism. I think capitalism is great. But it needs to change and evolve because our world is changing and evolving.”
2018-05-09 · Decoder with Nilay Patel · Recode Decode: Patagonia CEO Rose Marcario · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT
“Yeah, we got to get good at these new supply chains. And so that's kind of what I see, you know, in terms of the future. What are you most worried about the new economy? What are you most worried about?”
2018-05-09 · Decoder with Nilay Patel · Recode Decode: Patagonia CEO Rose Marcario · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT
“Yeah, I mean, we take responsibility from our product from end to end. So we have a repair center in Rio, Nevada where we repair, and we also repair in our stores. So if your jacket, you know, gets torn or whatever, we'll repair it. And then we also have a marketplace to sell, use clothing, so we'll take your used clothing back. And if it's totally worn out, we'll recycle it. So we do take responsibility for a product from end to end, which I think a younger consumer, they want you to be responsible for your. Product in that way. So we're doing that. And, you know, we're not going to You know, and any more stuff to extract.”
2018-05-09 · Decoder with Nilay Patel · Recode Decode: Patagonia CEO Rose Marcario · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT
“To have self-driving because it is actually. I don't have a problem with it, but you know, it's sort of like there are really big problems, and most of them are supply chain problems, like renewables and...”
2018-05-09 · Decoder with Nilay Patel · Recode Decode: Patagonia CEO Rose Marcario · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT
“Yeah, it's focused on companies that are solving the environmental crisis through business, and it also helps in developing supply chains because the expensive thing is developing new supply chains. I mean, we're using the resources of almost two planets right now if China and India consumes at the rate that we're all consuming, then we'll be using the resources of five planets. It's game over, I mean, for human beings, or big mammals, and we're big mammals, as Yvonne likes to say. So we need to do something about, and business could do it. I mean, business could be the transformational change, but it requires leadership and people to step up. And that's what kind of concerns me about all this money and value that has been created in the tech industry, but everybody's just worrying about self-driving cars.”
2018-05-09 · Decoder with Nilay Patel · Recode Decode: Patagonia CEO Rose Marcario · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT
“I don't know. I mean, you need to get really involved in your local communities because your water supplies are getting compromised, your air quality is getting compromised, and you need to get involved at a really detailed level in your communities. And that's why we built Patagonia ActionWorks. And it's a digital community, and it's a digital community of activists for the environment.”
2018-05-09 · Decoder with Nilay Patel · Recode Decode: Patagonia CEO Rose Marcario · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT
“Well, I mean, we're thinking about How to save the planet, I mean, with our business. So we're thinking about galvanizing our community. We just launched this thing called Patagonia Action Works, which we've been giving to grassroots environmental organizations for 30 years. And they're really small groups. They're local. They're in your communities because a lot of what people were saying to me after the election was like, what can I personally do? So we created his digital platform in house where people can volunteer, they can be matched to volunteer for these organizations and start to understand the issues that are really local to them, like protection of air, water, and soil, because with Scott Pruitt at the head of the EPA, we're going to have a lot of problems with...”
2018-05-09 · Decoder with Nilay Patel · Recode Decode: Patagonia CEO Rose Marcario · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT
“I would have shut down the things that I felt like were the same thing with Twitter, you know. And I think it's a cultural thing. I think that, and I would have communicated with a lot more transparency about what was known and what was not known. Right after the election, I would have gone up to the hill and talked about, and honestly, Kara, that community of rich smart, most of them are guys. Should have come together and said, This is what we're going to do about this problem because we're all facing it and we need to fix it because our democracy is at stake.”
2018-05-09 · Decoder with Nilay Patel · Recode Decode: Patagonia CEO Rose Marcario · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT
“Yeah, I don't know. I mean, I think I would not be afraid to shut down things that I felt were out of control. Even if it was going to cost us money or add revenue or whatever, I would clamp down if we didn't have control over something or we felt like something was way out of our control. And I think the community and your customers would have understood that. Right after this huge thing happened, our country gets attacked I think the customers would have been like, okay, that makes me feel like you've got it. You're doing something about it, or you don't have it all figured out.”
2018-05-09 · Decoder with Nilay Patel · Recode Decode: Patagonia CEO Rose Marcario · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT
“Well, if I was Mark, obviously I wouldn't have come out and said this is all crazy like the day after the election and then not come out for months. And I think he released like a hostage video of himself three months later.”
2018-05-09 · Decoder with Nilay Patel · Recode Decode: Patagonia CEO Rose Marcario · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT
“You know, that seems to me they have a lot of smart people over there. They should be able to figure that out. And they've said nothing about it. I don't know what they've done, whatever they're doing, they're doing behind the scenes, and they're not leading and talking about it.”
2018-05-09 · Decoder with Nilay Patel · Recode Decode: Patagonia CEO Rose Marcario · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT
“I don't know. I mean, I get that you don't want to culturally influence how the platform is being used. But, you know, we're really careful. Like if we go into distribution in a particular country, we make sure we kind of have that stuff figured out before we do that. We don't just go, okay, it's free for all, you know. And that's kind of what I feel has happened with Twitter and Facebook. It's like, well, it's a free-for-all, and now it's so complicated we can't, you know. And I just think there's been a real vacuum of leadership. I haven't seen Jack Dorsey from Twitter step up and talk about what's going on. I mean, my American express card knows the second someone's stolen my ID. They can't figure out who is not a legitimate user.”
2018-05-09 · Decoder with Nilay Patel · Recode Decode: Patagonia CEO Rose Marcario · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT
“Well, you know, I think you have to have a guiding set of values, and I couldn't recite the mission statement of Facebook. I don't know what it is, to be honest.”
2018-05-09 · Decoder with Nilay Patel · Recode Decode: Patagonia CEO Rose Marcario · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT
“Right, right. Yeah, I mean, you look at Twitter, you look at, I don't think it's just a Facebook problem, it's a Twitter problem, it's a Google problem, it's anyone who's selling ads and has a platform that people use. And there was this very pointed effort to divide our country and with propaganda from a foreign country. And we're seeing the effects of that all over the country now, right? Right. And you can't call Facebook a community and then say, I'm the leader of this company, but I have no responsibility to happens in the community You know, like we think of our customers as our community, and if something's going wrong, or if there's an issue, we're all over that because that's important to our brand and it's also important to our relationship with our customers.”
2018-05-09 · Decoder with Nilay Patel · Recode Decode: Patagonia CEO Rose Marcario · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT
“Know we'll stick with the Spider Man movie. And the part of having great responsibility is not lost, seems lost. Why do you imagine that is? I mean, you run a company. What do you think happens there? Because they have so much, it's so important to the economy, for one. It's our one big area of innovation, one of our biggest areas of innovation. It's run by three or four powerful companies.”
2018-05-09 · Decoder with Nilay Patel · Recode Decode: Patagonia CEO Rose Marcario · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT
“I go back even further though and say one of the things I've been doing is chastising them for doing this, creating the platforms without a lot of responsibility, creating them. And I've tried different ways to try to get them to get the point. And so I've moved to moving to doing superhero analogies because that's the only thing they understand is juvenile 12-year-old boy talk. And so one of the things I say is with great power comes great responsibility, right? Which they're like, oh, Spider-Man, I'm like, actually it's Voltaire, but I'm not going to go there with you Going to just stick with Spider-Man”
2018-05-09 · Decoder with Nilay Patel · Recode Decode: Patagonia CEO Rose Marcario · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT
“Yeah, so look, these guys, what's Zuckerberg worth? $60 billion? What's Larry Page worth? $100 billion? I don't know. We're talking about billions of dollars. They've made so much money off this platform. I don't know. I have family in the military that fight for this country, and it's our democracy that's at stake. And we got attacked, and we got attacked on their platforms, and they haven't done anything about it. They won't step up and explain the problem. They won't come out in plain English and say what they're doing about it. And it's pathetic.”
2018-05-09 · Decoder with Nilay Patel · Recode Decode: Patagonia CEO Rose Marcario · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT
“Yeah, I mean, he's attacking American companies that don't agree with him. I think it's despicable. You know, business needs to stand up. They can't be quiet. You know, this is what makes me mad about the tech companies right now. Right.”
2018-05-09 · Decoder with Nilay Patel · Recode Decode: Patagonia CEO Rose Marcario · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT