YouSaid · the spoken record

Leitao da Cunha

THE RECORD WRITES THIS SPEAKER AS LEITAO DA CUNHA

lines on the record: 59
first: 1964-09-24
most recent: 1965-09-24
sittings or episodes: 2
sources: un-general-debate

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“This courage and this hope are now to receive renewed vigour from the forthcoming visit of the Sovereign Roman Pontiff, who adopted the name of the Apostle of the Gentiles, and whose words of wisdom and peace will inspire us to bring our task to a successful conclusion. The Brazilian nation, the largest Catholic nation in the world, hails this unprecedented and most significant gesture of the Common Father of Christendom — a pledge on behalf of the establishment of a climate of peaceful brotherhood, so vital to the building of a better world.”
1965-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 20 (1965)
“In its first years of activity, it already presents very encouraging results, not only towards strengthening interregional trade, but also in the preparation of other bases of the move towards the economic integration of Latin America. This ideal has for some time been claiming the attention of those Governments, and particularly that of the Chilean Government, which has brought it up again, to general applause. 31. These are the observations of the Brazilian delegation at this opening of the general debate. They arise from our desire to seek to contribute to the solution of the problems which trouble the international scene. To accomplish the task before us, we cannot, remain wavering between "fear and trembling hope". We need great courage and steadfast hope. 32.”
1965-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 20 (1965)
“The first of these has to do with the formation of the United Nations Development Programme, stemming from the merging of the two principal organs of technical co-operation, including the Special Fund. Following this train of thought, the second initiative relates to the gradual participation of the new programme in the area of direct investment in accordance with the proposal for the creation of a capital development fund, thereby rounding out the role of the United Nations in the area of economic co-operation through the mobilization of capital for development projects. 30. As regards the efforts of the regional organizations in this sphere, Brazil places well-founded hopes in the success of the task being pursued by the Latin American Free-Trade Association.”
1965-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 20 (1965)
“The above data present modest but encouraging dimensions and results in the area of technical- economic co-operation which serve to strengthen our conviction that we should redouble our efforts to meet the needs of the under-developed countries and help them to surmount the problem of the under-utilization of their natural resources. However, for these initiatives of the United Nations to produce the desired effect on the economy and technology of the under-developed countries, multilateral co-operation must not be limited to pre-investment activities. 29. Within this context, two other complementary initiatives of the United Nations which are already in progress merit the attention of the General Assembly for speedy implementation, with resulting general benefits.”
1965-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 20 (1965)
“Still within the context of multilateral co-operation for economic development, particular mention is due to special assistance activities sponsored by the United Nations, notably in connexion with the pre-investment programmes of the Special Fund. According to the data submitted to the twentieth session of the General Assembly, after six years of technical assistance operations, 485 projects are in progress, benefiting about 130 developing countries and territories. These projects, some of which have already been completed, made possible the specialized training of more than 70,000 nationals of developing countries and, on the other hand, contributed to attracting investments in different sectors of the economy mounting to over $1,000 million. 28.”
1965-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 20 (1965)
“The approval, at the last session of the Economic and Social Council, of the resolution [1081 F (XXXIX)] proposed during the fifth session of the Committee for Industrial Development, indicates that the idea has developed sufficiently and has the firm support of those who have the greatest interest in it, that is, the less industrialized countries. The fact that the percentage of technical assistance expenditures for industrial development has decreased in the last three years — they represent today only 11 per cent of total assistance expenditures — is an undeniable indication that, under the present set-up, it is not possible to provide for the growth of the industrial sector of the developing countries. 27.”
1965-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 20 (1965)
“As for the international efforts being made to solve these problems, we cannot fail to refer with satisfaction to the establishment on a permanent basis of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, with its own governing Board and secretariat — indeed, a proof of the political foresight of the last session of the General Assembly. 26. Within the framework of the institutions of the United Nations, a specialized organ of great importance awaits international action for its establishment. I refer to the agency for industrial development.”
1965-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 20 (1965)
“My country is firmly striving to prepare the basic conditions’ demanded for the continuation of our march towards economic development, in the persuasion that this is the only way to guarantee prosperity and fair distribution of wealth and social benefits. 24. Yet, problems remain whose solution continues to escape the internal sphere of the developing countries. Among those problems one could mention the large degree of instability affecting raw materials and basic commodities on the international market. 25.”
1965-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 20 (1965)
“The developing countries are fully aware that this truth is valid, not only on the political plane, wherein they achieved independence through the process of enforcing their legitimate claims, but also on the economic level, wherein prosperity is the result of persistent courage and hard work. As an example I can cite the efforts made by the Brazilians, which are being carried forward with unwavering tenacity by our Government: efforts to curb inflation, to foster development by promoting reforms in the agricultural, fiscal, banking and housing sectors, as well as in others; in sum, retrieving the country from the brink of chaos and resuming, in an orderly fashion, the road to progress.”
1965-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 20 (1965)
“Indeed, if we examine the current world economic situation objectively, we note that concrete progress, although considerable in absolute terms, has been relatively slight. Despite the goals of the United Nations Development Decade, the truth is that the difference between the per capita income of the industrialized countries and that of the poor countries continues to rise. Relatively speaking, the poor countries are even poorer today. 23. We all realize that the process of development is first and foremost the internal responsibility of each country, the result of a national decision to affirm and fulfil itself, even through sacrifices. Whatever international contribution might be possible, there is no substitute for the desire to attain the objectives dictated by the special needs of each nation.”
1965-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 20 (1965)
“Without economic and social equality, the Western industrialized societies would inevitably have been the prey, for a long time, of totalitarian régimes which, in the final analysis, would render impossible that equality longed for by the masses. 21. At the present time, owing to the new communications systems, it would be impossible to convince the countries in process of development that their poverty and their backwardness cannot be speedily eradicated. A machinery must be created on the international plane to facilitate the transfer to the developing countries of the instruments and techniques created by the scientific revolution, as well as of the necessary capital for their full development. 22. The foregoing considerations stem from the observation of the economic picture of a large part of the under-developed world.”
1965-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 20 (1965)
“It is in keeping with this principle, moreover, that we wish to see the German people granted the right to express their will, through freely held elections, on the question of being reunited as one nation. 20. In order to understand the roots of the political crisis which rocks a large part of the under-developed world, it might perhaps be useful to seek a parallel in history. The principle of the equality of the individual before the law revealed its limitations during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. It was found that merely acknowledging a man’s rights as a citizen was not enough. Only in the twentieth century, through the extension of the same principle to the economic and social plane, did the ideals of political equality begin to be satisfied in full.”
1965-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 20 (1965)
“Recourse to violence, to armed fighting, and, above all, the interference of a State or group of States in the process of decolonization being carried out under the responsibility of another State, not only flouts the principles of the Charter, but could retard that process. If military in nature, this outside interference not only produces the retarding mentioned, but also engenders tensions and conflicts which can spread, to the detriment of international peace and security. 19. Brazil, true to the commitments assumed when it signed the San Francisco Charter — and, furthermore, true to its own history and destiny — firmly supports the principle of self-determination for all peoples, provided the desire for self-determination represents their will, freely expressed and free of outside interference.”
1965-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 20 (1965)
“Time has shown that the decision adopted was a wise one, for the problem of decolonization was soon to emerge and it would have been a blunder for the United Nations not to have foreseen it in the Charter. We would now have been confronted with one more constitutional crisis. Unfortunately, however, the fact that it was foreseen in the Charter did not prevent the occurrence in these last two decades of many serious conflicts involving the process of decolonization. I might point out here that the only form of decolonization envisaged in the Charter is that accomplished by peaceful and democratic means.”
1965-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 20 (1965)
“The geographic demarcation of the area subject to the future statute, as well as the obtention of formal guarantees on the part of the nuclear Powers that the statute will be respected, constitute, in the opinion of my Government, essential requisites for the preparation of an instrument which will prevent the spread of nuclear weapons and yet not imply any present or future risk to the security and to the scientific advancement of the countries signing the treaty. 18. It is worthwhile noting today that the inclusion in the United Nations Charter of what now constitutes its Chapter XI was not altogether a peaceful and simple matter at San Francisco. Some colonial Powers were opposed to Chapter XI at that time and proposed that its principles merely form an appendix to the Charter.”
1965-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 20 (1965)
“May the extensive exchanges of views in the debates of the Eighteen-Nation Committee on Disarmament assist all Powers concerned in narrowing their differences when they again take up negotiations on disarmament. 16. In the regional sphere, however, note should be taken of the efforts of the Latin American countries to transform the area into a nuclear-free zone. General Assembly resolution 1911 (XVIII) served as a point of departure for the study of a programme for the denuclearization of Latin America. At the meetings of the Preparatory Commission for the Denuclearization of Latin America, the Latin American countries have worked hard to overcome certain difficulties which, by their nature, slow down the drafting of a treaty of such great scientific, military and political importance, a treaty without precedent. 17.”
1965-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 20 (1965)
“— and may dangerously increase in the near future with the acceleration in various countries in carrying out research programmes and programmes for nuclear production for military purposes. In spite of some suggestions and proposals that have been submitted — and your proposal, Mr. President, was very noteworthy — nothing was accomplished in Geneva to prevent this proliferation. This task requires the best efforts of all those who, without losing sight of the ultimate goal of general and complete disarmament under effective international control, fear the risks run by an international community whose survival will depend upon the fragile correlation of forces based exclusively on the nuclear balance.”
1965-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 20 (1965)
“The constant harping on problems completely unrelated to the recommendations addressed to the Eighteen-Nation Committee on Disarmament by the Disarmament Commission — actually a sad survival of cold-war issues — precluded in the course of the recent Geneva talks any further agreement leading to the reduction of international tensions. No headway was made toward extending the Moscow Treaty to underground nuclear weapon experiments, as the mediating countries — of which Brazil is one — proposed time and again in Geneva and in the Disarmament Commission. Nor has anything yet been done to solve the problem of the proliferation of nuclear weapons. The nuclear club gained a new member — I might say: what a member!”
1965-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 20 (1965)
“By their access to collaboration and consultation during international emergencies, the regional organizations represent, within the framework of the United Nations, an imperative of our era. 14. Returning to peace-keeping operations, we are rather at a loss to understand why the United Nations should neglect to write into its Charter one of its most efficient political tools. What indeed could be more apt to stabilize situations that could degenerate into conflicts and to establish conditions leading to the halting of already declared conflicts? The delay in the spelling out of the constitutional pattern to be given peace-keeping operations causes us serious apprehensions. 15. We see another motive for concern in the stalemate in the negotiations conducted by the Eighteen- Nation Committee on Disarmament in Geneva.”
1965-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 20 (1965)
“In the regional sphere, my country made an effective contribution to the establishment of another peace-keeping operation through the Inter-American Armed Force in Santo Domingo — a subject of much controversy. The facts have proven, however, that it was a sound measure which helped to enable the Dominican people, safeguarded from civil strife, to set up a provisional Government and guide the country toward democratic normalcy and social progress. I would like to point out, apropos, that the regional systems, within the structure of the United Nations, should be understood as a deliberate effort of their members to show their firm belief in the solidarity of their common interests and in the benefits of recourse to consultation whenever controversy threatens.”
1965-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 20 (1965)
“Brazil considers it essential to maintain the United Nations peace-keeping operations as one of the most useful and effective remedies for the settlement of conflicts which threaten world tranquillity. My country gave its enthusiastic support to the Suez Force, in which we have participated from the very outset with a battalion of soldiers and which is currently under the command of a Brazilian soldier. It has likewise contributed to the operations of the United Nations in she Congo and bent every effort to gain approval for the Security Council resolution [186 (1964)] which gave origin to the Cyprus operation. It never hesitated to meet the ensuing financial obligations. 13.”
1965-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 20 (1965)
“The problem of the payment of the assessments for peace-keeping operations arises out of diametrically opposed interpretations of the Charter, and in matters of principle any compromise is precarious for it does not alter the substance of the divergent positions. At the last session of the General Assembly the Brazilian delegation suggested [1289th meeting], as an adequate solution for the crisis, a revision of the Charter which would take the form of a new chapter on peacekeeping operations. The efforts and discussions of the Committee on Thirty-three, as well as the provisional solution agreed upon, served but to strengthen our conviction of the urgent need for such a revision. 12.”
1965-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 20 (1965)
“However, we could try to analyse, in the light of the foregoing ideas, the more important problems which face us and point out approaches that might perhaps contribute to the reformulation of our political structure. 11. One of the most serious signs of the need for a revision of the Charter is to be found in the crisis that virtually prevented the nineteenth session of the General Assembly from being held. In my view, the crisis has yet to be conclusively settled. The United Nations did not touch upon the core of the problem. The strained consensus which was arrived at constituted merely an interim plan of action; you might call it a truce. The problem is a constitutional one.”
1965-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 20 (1965)
“In like manner, we dare hope that the Government of Hanoi will accept the constructive proposals made by the United States of America, as well as by the United Kingdom, the non-aligned countries and the Secretary-General, U Thant, to discuss the problems of Viet-Nam at the negotiating table, in search of a solution which would make it possible to free South-East Asia of the war which has for so many years been inflicting bitter suffering on the people of that region. 10. It is not the intention of the Brazilian delegation to sketch here the outlines for a revision of the Charter which would endow the United Nations with the instruments it needs to create the international community to which we have alluded. The task is not for one country alone, but for all of us.”
1965-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 20 (1965)
“Two great nations, outstanding Members of this Organization, are today still plunged in a struggle of unforeseeable consequences. On the same long-suffering and troubled continent, the Viet-Namese situation continues to represent one of the greatest dangers to the preservation of world peace. Brazil trusts that India and Pakistan will be able to find a peaceful formula for the final settlement of their controversies. And may I say that we congratulate both countries and the United Nations for the cease-fire which has already been obtained.”
1965-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 20 (1965)
“The picture of the crisis is further complicated by two additional elements: first, the implementation of the Charter which accelerated the peaceful process of decolonization to a surprising tempo; secondly, the scientific revolution which multiplies wealth, and the population explosion which in a large number of non-industrialized countries multiplies poverty. On the one hand, man transforms outer space into humanity’s youngest province, while on the other, he becomes aware of his earthly poverty and realizes with anguish the uncertainties of a better future for his offspring. 9. In the context of these already grave problems, still other serious attritions and conflicts are emerging, luckily not yet so widespread as to render the threats to world peace even more ominous.”
1965-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 20 (1965)
“And we, this House, our people and even our future as a civilization will be inviting total destruction. 8. We should constantly bear in mind the fact that the United Nations Charter, however flexible, represents a style of political architecture that, as in the case of certain modern weapons, has been superseded by reality just when the blueprint is completed. The Charter in fact preceded the cold war and even preceded the eruption onto the political scene of a recent scientific revolution, with its important repercussions on world politics and from which fundamental phenomena of our times derive: the thermonuclear era, the space age and the full development of the Industrialized nations.”
1965-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 20 (1965)
“This seems the fundamental problem of our times, the great challenge to the statesmen of the era. 7. Unless we create a community of nations working effectively for the political and economic equality of States, for their freedom, and for the supremacy of law in their mutual relations; unless there is an international community able to assure at one and the same time fundamental liberties to the citizens of each State and equal opportunity for economic and social development to each nation; unless we proceed with the task of decolonization begun in San Francisco by democratic, and hence by exclusively peaceful means; unless we forge instruments for the prevention and punishment of international aggressions; unless we place armaments under effective international control; in a word, unless we solve the basic problem of international organization — we shall have built this House on sand.”
1965-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 20 (1965)
“The scientific revolution is contributing dramatically to multiplying the threats to peace and the threats to the very survival of our species. What is it that prevents nations from making the proper use of science? In my country, where the ethical and spiritual values are deeply rooted in our culture and in our history, we reject as an explanation that it is a feeling of disenchantment with, or lack of faith in, the ethical principles of life and of man, as created and consecrated by Christian and Western traditions we received through our Portuguese heritage. In our view, a political crisis is involved, a constitutional crisis of mammoth proportions: man would seem to be incapable of meeting the problems of international organization at a crucial moment in history.”
1965-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 20 (1965)
“In a world in a state of trauma as the result of an ideological conflict without equal, in a world dubfounded by unprecedented economic and social problems, could it be possible that the scientific revolution, applied to the art of war, may have endowed human beings with a power greater than man's ethical structure can bear? Could it be possible that the alleged imbalance between technological and moral progress has divested man of his spiritual substance and transformed him into the fragile instrument of his own destruction? 6. Technological progress, which created thermonuclear weapons and which is pulling outer space into our world, has increased the feeling of insecurity among people and yet has not improved the living conditions of the large majority of mankind.”
1965-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 20 (1965)
“After twenty years of activity, the United Nations finds itself confronted by a world which is perhaps as disturbed and uncertain as it was during the days of San Francisco, when the Charter was drawn up. Throughout the world, thinkers, philosophers, statesmen and scientists proclaim that civilization is in danger, that moral, spiritual and material values fashioned throughout history are menaced, and that the very survival of mankind is in jeopardy. Perhaps for the first time in history mankind really feels mortally wounded. There are those who, even more pessimistic, believe we are currently witnessing the twilight of our civilization, not by virtue of some historical process or some natural catastrophe, but by the political frustration of man, overwhelmed by the technology he himself has created.”
1965-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 20 (1965)
“This practice represents a tradition of interest in the great debate engaged in each year by the nations of the entire world — a debate in which they seek, in the divergency of their points of view, some common ground and some fruitful understanding as a basis for the hope of harmony and accord which inspired the United Nations Charter but which, unfortunately, has so frequently been frustrated by international events. It is with the same faith we have always held in the future of the United Nations that Brazil appears today before this universal forum. We are aware of the special significance of the work we now embark upon as our Organization completes its twentieth year and is seeking to overcome perhaps the gravest crisis in its history. 5.”
1965-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 20 (1965)
“We, the people of Brazil, treasure the memory of your recent visit with President Saragat to our land, on which occasion you were able to observe the interweaving of our two nations, as several million Iralians form part of the Brazilian people. 3. May I also pay tribute from this rostrum to our three new Members — Gambia, the Maldives Islands and Singapore — as they join the family of the United Nations. I should like to express my warmest wishes for their prosperity and complete success in their life as independent States. 4. Once again the delegation of Brazil opens the general debate.”
1965-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 20 (1965)
“2. On behalf of my delegation and the people of my country, may I extend to you, Mr. President, my congratulations upon the distinction bestowed upon you. In our world, to earn the honour of being chosen President of the General Assembly of the United Nations is perhaps the highest recognition that can be conferred upon a statesman in acknowledgement of his endeavours on behalf of international peace and security. You more than merit this' distinction, Mr. President. As a parliamentarian, as a Cabinet Minister and as Prime Minister, you have fought for peace untiringly, with tenacity and talent. In your person there is represented the great nation of Italy, cradle of Latin culture, heir and herald of the Mediterranean civilization.”
1965-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 20 (1965)
“What we wish to see is the consolidation and strengthening of its structure and machinery, since it is only through the United Nations that we can activate our ideals of peace, progress and development. 30. This is what Brazil thinks, and I cannot convince myself that other Powers—particularly those which hold a privileged position among us because of their economic and political importance-can or could insist upon courses of action which may lead to disaster. 31. May coming generations never be in a position to say that our actions were dictated by immediacy when it was our duly to be men of vision; may they never say at the crucial moment we lacked the courage and the wisdom to build the happier world which was almost in our grasp.”
1964-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 19 (1964)
“We well know the difficulties encountered so far in attempts to adapt the Charter to the new requirements of the world. But the grave nature of these problems points to the absolute need for global political and constitutional solutions to be pondered. In this way it would perhaps be even easier to solve the immediate problems which face us and which, as I said, seem to threaten the very life of our Organization. 29. In that respect, the position of my country could not be more clear or more categorical; the people and the Government of Brazil see in the United Nations a form of international relations essential to the contemporary world. We do not even dare to think of the alternatives to the system of coexistence and negotiations which the United Nations represents.”
1964-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 19 (1964)
“They would be undertaken by military contingents, preferably designated in advance and supplied chiefly by medium and small Powers; their only objective would be to preserve peaceful conditions, in contrast to operations- falling under Chapter VII to be undertaken against the will of one or more States, transgressors of international order, to impose the will of the international community represented by the United Nations. This certainly does not exclude, during peace-keeping operations, recourse to coercive action in given circumstances and for a limited period of time. Such an amendment of the Charter could provide, in more precise terms, for a method of financing for both coercive and peacekeeping operations. 28. I am well aware that the ideas which I have just put forth are not easy to implement.”
1964-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 19 (1964)
“As a living instrument the Charter was not incompatible with this development, but the difficulties which have so far arisen, and of which the question of financing is merely one aspect, seem to indicate that this new concept should be incorporated into the Charter as soon as possible. 26. This could be done by means of the inclusion of a new chapter entitled "Peace-keepingoperations'1, which could be placed between the present Chapter VI and VII. We would thus have a graduated crescendo: "Pacific settlement of disputes", "Peace-keeping operations" and "Action with respect to threats to the peace, breaches of the peace, and acts of aggression". 27. Peace-keeping operations would thus be conducted on the territory of one or more States, members of the United Nations or not, at their request or with their consent.”
1964-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 19 (1964)
“That control remained in the hands of the sovereign local authority whose consent was sought and obtained for the stationing of the troops. The objectives of the Force were not ordinary military objectives, but only those of assuring the maintenance of conditions of peace, which would pave the way for the necessary peaceful solutions by means of the implementation of the recommendations of the competent organs of the United Nations. 25. It is possible to acknowledge that the peacekeeping operations have emerged as a new and vigorous concept, altogether different from the enforcement measures contemplated to. Chapter VII of the Charter.”
1964-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 19 (1964)
“It was in 1956, when an international force was set up in the Gaza Strip, that this type of operation was undertaken for the first time, subsequently to be developed with the United Nations action in the Congo and in Cyprus. In all these instances, the purpose of the troops, acting under the aegis of the United Nations, was not to punish or to repel aggressors, but, by their presence, to prevent the outbreak of armed warfare and to ensure respect for the cessation of hostilities. Much more than a simple unit of observers, much less than an international army drawn up for battle, the Force never had the mission of making offensive use of its weapons, nor of assuming control of the region in which it operated.”
1964-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 19 (1964)
“My delegation, however, is not in a position to accept solutions which would entail forsaking those principles which, are basic to the Organization since- this would mean, in a different manner but with the same certainty, the end of the United Nations as we know it; that is, as a democratic institution, where rights and obligations are the same for all. The difficulties with which we are faced encompass more than a mere financial problem, more than a question of contributions which should be paid. 23. The peace-keeping operations which are at the root of this crisis constitute one of the most effective forms of United Nations action. Not foreseen by the Charter, their need was demonstrated by the realities of international life and they have become, little by little, a powerful tool in the achievement of the aims of our Organization. 24.”
1964-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 19 (1964)
“I refer to the veritable institutional crisis which faces us, owing to the opposition of some Member States to acknowledging the validity of their financial obligations in the question of peace-keeping operations. 21. The delegation of Brazil is fully aware of the implications of the problem. We know that it can threaten the very future of the United Nations as a universal institution and we are entirely prepared to lend our support to conciliatory arrangements. conducive to settling the crisis, which might prove fatal. 22.”
1964-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 19 (1964)
“It is a right that all peoples should be able to exercise—and I am thinking particularly of the German nation, cut asunder by a demarcation line which has no justification, and subjected to restrictions inconsistent with the spirit of the Charter. 20. All these are matters of substance, incorporated into so many of the items of the agenda of the nineteenth General Assembly, and yet I have the impression that, at this moment, we all share a fundamental feeling of concern—a concern of an instrumental nature. It regards the very future’ of our Organization, of its existence and the means which it must employ to attain its objectives.”
1964-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 19 (1964)
“Exceptions to this rule serve only to enhance the foresight and wisdom of the Charter. It is our duty to preserve and improve upon the experience acquired by the United Nations in the realm of decolonization. This experience enabled the United Nations and its Member States to carry out their obligations without increasing international tension. On the contrary, the pacific method of decolonization has generally served as an instrument for the maintenance of peace. 18. For these reasons, my delegation views with apprehension and strong misgivings the initiatives which would bring an element of violence to the application of the decolonization procedures provided in the Charter. 19. 1. The exercise of the right of self-determination is, in our view, a broad concept which transcends the issues of colonialism.”
1964-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 19 (1964)
“Posterity will most certainly refer to Chapter XI of the Charter as the political instrument of liberation of colonial peoples through peaceful means, and will pay tribute to the wisdom, prudence and foresight shown by the statesmen who drafted that document. Through the gradual, orderly and peaceful implementation of the Charter and of the relevant resolutions of the United Nations, more than half of mankind has attained independence, thanks to the application of the principles of self-determination, In its wisdom, the Organization not only has become the propulsive force of the march of the colonial peoples towards independence, but also has provided a legal and political framework for the negotiations and agreements required for its peaceful evolution.”
1964-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 19 (1964)
“We would not be in step with the great world expectations of our time if, in this forum, we failed to deal forcefully with the serious question of the struggle for better and more equitable terms in international commercial relations. 16. We should like to see the exercise of the right of self-determination assured to all peoples by the elimination of the vestiges of colonialism, which is in its death throes. 17. The San Francisco Charter has already been called "The Charter of Decolonization". The epithet is an exact one, but it would be even more exact and richer in meaning if qualified by the adjective "Peaceful".”
1964-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 19 (1964)
“Among those considered paramount by my delegation, on which we will be prepared to put forth suggestions in the Second Committee, I should like to mention the establishment of a United Nations capital development fund and an agency of industrial development. Both these organs will address themselves to the vital needs of developing countries. 15. I venture, however, to say that the solution of the question of unfavourable terms of trade affecting those countries is quite as important as the maintenance of world peace. The former concerns the development of at least two thirds of humanity; it is a matter of justice in international relations, which is one of the aims of the Charter of the United Nations.”
1964-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 19 (1964)
“The present session of the General Assembly, in our view, has sufficient perspective to take up the revision of the Final Act of Geneva. Brazil believes, however, that the best Way to perfect the decisions contained in that Final Act is to begin to carry them out. With regard to the Conference on Trade and Development, it is imperative not to allow a repetition of the historic failure of the 1948 Conference on Trade and Development. We must at all costs prevent the Final Act of Geneva from becoming a mere declaration of good intentions, as has been the case with the Havana Charter. 14. The Assembly will devote its attention to other equally important economic issues.”
1964-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 19 (1964)
“To this end we regard it as indispensable that the more developed nations, in their own interests as well as in the interest of all humanity, participate in those measures intended to establish a higher degree of justice on the international economic level. 13. In our time, there is a well-defined awareness of the urgency of promoting a more equitable pattern of international trade to meet the needs of the developing countries. Brazil has co-operated actively with the countries of Latin America and with the other countries whose shared aspirations united them in the "Group of 75", and will do everything it can to ensure the continuity of the programme of action outlined in the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development.”
1964-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 19 (1964)
“In order to free our generation, and those generations to come, from the threat of the scourge of war that atomic terror renders even more awesome, Brazil lends its full support to the concept of a rational and controlled disarmament, which may give us the security that weapons cannot provide. 11. Brazil wants human dignity to be respected and guaranteed in all spheres. We should like the United Nations to contribute to the establishment of universal respect for the fundamental rights of man, eradicating once and for all every manifestation of racial discrimination which still afflicts some areas of the world. 12. Precisely because of this respect for human dignity, we desire for the whole of mankind minimum standards of material comfort and social well-being.”
1964-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 19 (1964)