YouSaid · the spoken record

Rossides

THE RECORD WRITES THIS SPEAKER AS ROSSIDES

lines on the record: 96
first: 1960-09-24
most recent: 1962-09-24
sittings or episodes: 3
sources: un-general-debate

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“It would also violate the Charter, which in Article 100 expressly provides that "the Secretary-General and the staff shall not seek or receive instructions from any Government or from any other authority external to the Organization," and that Member States undertake "to respect the exclusively international character of the responsibilities of the Secretary-General and the staff and not to seek to influence them in the discharge of their responsibilities ". 112. Geographical representation in a number of Under-Secretaries would be desirable in the sense of the universality of the United Nations being reflected in the Secretariat, but not in any sense of political representation. To whichever geographical units the Under-Secretaries may belong, they should be strictly international civil servants in the performance of their duties.”
1961-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 16 (1961)
“For those Members who desire to strengthen the United Nations and to see it develop in the way outlined above—and I feel confident these are not few—it would be inconceivable to have the office of Secretary-General weakened in its decision or hampered in its action by the introduction of the divisions of politics into the Secretariat. Instead of progress, that would mean regression. Any suggestion of political representation in the office of the Secretary-General is unacceptable to my delegation. It would in effect destroy the international character and authority of the Secretary-General.”
1961-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 16 (1961)
“Within the context of such executive action falls the question of the creation of a United Nations permanent force enrolled by, and for, the United Nations, with a United Nations allegiance, to ensure peace with justice in the world. Loaned forces, owing allegiance to the States from which they come, cannot be fully relied upon for United Nations action. They may, for one thing, be withdrawn at any time— as was the case in the Congo. The establishment and phased growth of the United Nations force would also prove of valuable assistance to a phased disarmament process. Before a State is completely disarmed, it would have to rely on some international system for its national security. That system would be supplied by a United Nations military force for constabulary duties in the service of mankind. 111.”
1961-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 16 (1961)
“The United Nations would be strengthened morally by the demonstration of greater objectivity in the approach to world problems in the Assembly and in all its Committees, materially by rendering it more effective in the implementation of its resolutions. Efforts should be directed towards evolving procedures of executive action so that the United Nations may become an effective instrument of peace and security in the world. As pointed out by the late Secretary-General in the said introduction, the Charter contains clear indication that executive action, though not specifically provided for, was expected to develop in practice. 110.”
1961-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 16 (1961)
“In an imaginative outline of the future of the United Nations, he poses the problem whether the United Nations would be allowed to evolve as a dynamic instrument of Governments, with effective executive authority for forestalling conflicts and maintaining peace in the world, or whether it would be forced to stagnate as a static conference machinery without effect, and wither away—a landmark in human decline and fall. 109. Dag Hammarskjold's call for the peaceful progress of humanity through a dynamic United Nations is a call from beyond to all nations and peoples, to join efforts for strengthening and revitalizing the United Nations, so that it may grow and fulfil its great destiny.”
1961-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 16 (1961)
“His death is certainly an immense loss for the United Nations, but this sacrifice of his life in the cause of peace becomes a symbol and a rallying-call to the support of the world Organization as the only means of international understanding and co-operation at a time when survival is at stake. 108. Dag Hammarskjold's message is contained in the introduction (A/4800/Add.l] to his last annual report to the Assembly on the work of the Organization.”
1961-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 16 (1961)
“In these times of apprehension and alarm the minds of all men turn to the United Nations as the collective reason of nations and the only hope of mankind. 107. The United Nations itself, however, is found to be in a state of crisis. The applications of its Charter provisions based on principles, or the mode of such application, is occasionally seen as a hindrance to the pursuit of narrowly-conceived national or sectional policies. In consequence, different reactions have appeared tending to undermine the prestige and curtail the effectiveness of the United Nations. In addition, and at the very time of the opening of this session, the executive head of the United Nations, Secretary-General Dag Hammarskjold, met with a tragic death while in the performance of his duties in connexion with the maintenance of peace in the Congo.”
1961-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 16 (1961)
“The agreement for the first time between the United States and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics on the principles for disarmament negotiations [see A/4879] is a hopeful and an encouraging sign, but it would have to be followed by corresponding agreement on the procedures for the practical application of those principles. The presentation by the United States of a detailed plan for general and complete disarmament [A/4891] is a positive step in that direction. 105. Our reserved optimism at these signs is dimmed, however, by the prevailing spirit of disagreement and antagonism in general developments. Tensions everywhere are mounting and the international atmosphere is laden with a sense of gloom and uneasiness. 106.”
1961-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 16 (1961)
“Each side should see with understanding the fears and suspicions of the other side and be ready to accept measures to alleviate them. Secretive- ness by its nature engenders suspicion, while openness creates confidence. In this sense, international inspection and control in the process of disarmament would be necessary both from the psychological and from the practical aspect—psychologically, because readiness for such inspection and control indicates frankness, and frankness creates trust; practically, because it ensures that no disadvantage results to either side at any stage of the disarmament procedure. There should also, however, be adequate ways of allaying fears regarding any danger resulting to either side from the process of inspection. No doubt such arrangements could be devised, given understanding and goodwill. 104.”
1961-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 16 (1961)
“In the light of past experience, my delegation suggests that it would be useful and constructive if an international committee were appointed, comprising non-aligned and smaller nations, to which reference would be made, in cases of deadlocked negotiations, for assistance in dealing with unresolved differences and breaking the deadlock. In this way, the further progress of the negotiations would be facilitated, while accentuation of the cold war would be avoided. 103. Negotiations should be started in a new spirit— a spirit of sincere co-operation and trust, in a joint effort to put an end to armaments and defeat the common enemy; war and nuclear destruction. The first aim of any disarmament discussions should be to eliminate the causes of mistrust, which have been the reason for frustration of all disarmament negotiations until now.”
1961-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 16 (1961)
“Thus the international dialogue about disarmament, instead of achieving a constructive purpose, invariably becomes an accentuated phase in the cold war, defeating the very purpose of negotiations. The result is no disarmament and more cold war. 101. Although the attainment of agreement on disarmament depends primarily on the great Powers, which possess the largest armed forces and have atomic and hydrogen weapons at their disposal, the solution of the disarmament problem is of equal interest to all nations of the world, both large and small. The cause of disarmament is the cause of humanity. It is a deeply human question and not one of political tactics. 102.”
1961-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 16 (1961)
“The cause may be traced to the fact that, in spite of the deterrent nature of present-day war, the deep-rooted concept of domination by force of arms has not left us. It is still there; it still influences and conditions political attitudes; it is still always present in the conference room. It thus pre-determines the failure of all disarmament negotiations. 99. The concept of force and domination cannot coexist with the spirit of disarmament and peace. The former invariably displaces the latter, unavoidably bringing in its wake mistrust and suspicion, and stalling all progress towards disarmament and peace. 100. Each failure in the disarmament negotiations is promptly followed by recriminations in the pursuit of propaganda tactics.”
1961-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 16 (1961)
“Transition from the physical to the mental has marked the historical progress of human civilization. It applied to religious wars in the past; it could apply to war for political ideologies now. 98. The first reasonable step in that transition would be finally to agree to lay down arms. If, however, we take a look at the rate of progress of disarmament after sixteen years of lengthy negotiations, we shall indeed be disheartened. The main cause for this failure is ascribed to lack of any degree of trust In each other's sincerity of purpose for disarmament. Bearing in mind, however, that both sides are fully aware of the implications of thermo-nuclear war, and have repeatedly declared their abhorrence of it, one may well wonder why there should exist over the years such mutual distrust in the sincerity of their intentions.”
1961-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 16 (1961)
“Preparations for war and armaments go on with increased intensity and zeal, as though blindly motivated by deep-rooted attitudes of an era already belonging to the past. 96. Although rapid transition from antagonism and war to co-operation and peace may not seem possible, the transition from war on the level of physical violence to war on the level of intellect should be possible. The spirit of contest can find scope in an ideological competition for the minds of free men, and not for their domination by force. This is the field for endeavour and achievement now open to a progressive world, determined by the progress of science. Material power, turned to peaceful uses for the benefit of mankind and not for its destruction, could by example and human excellence form part of an ideological contest. 97.”
1961-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 16 (1961)
“The spirit of contest and war has accompanied man in his evolution through the ages and has been a determining factor in national and international development. It could not be suddenly eradicated and supplanted by that of placid co-operation and peace. 95. But war, conditioned by technological advance, is now a totally different reality from what it has ever been. To earlier generations, war could be made acceptable as a national policy for achieving a purpose. Now, nuclear weapons have made this impossible. There can no longer be victory or success or valour, and there can be no purpose in war. Its outcome is all-engulfing destruction. War has thus become obsolete, overpowered by the destructiveness of its own weapons. Yet, as an instrument of policy, it still outlives itself.”
1961-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 16 (1961)
“But no time can be lost while tests continue. A moratorium, therefore, is now immediately necessary. At the same time, negotiations should be resumed with earnestness and determination for the earliest possible conclusion of a ban treaty. 94. The question of nuclear tests, though urgent in its nature, is only a part of the problem of war and disarmament. Our consideration should be turned, therefore, with no less concern and sense of urgency to the growing danger of a destructive cataclysm from a nuclear war that may mean the end of our organized human society, if not of all life on this globe. War will have to be abolished. This requires, however, that the concepts from which it stems should be abandoned. Is this possible?”
1961-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 16 (1961)
“While human effort in scientific research is directed towards checking or reducing this scourge to human life, a counter human activity is engaged in increasing the spread and deadliness of cancer by the effects of its nuclear tests. This is the stark reality; it brings into sharp focus the enormous gap between scientific (progress and moral retardment, and the utter confusion to which it leads. 93. The immediate cessation of nuclear testing is imperative; for it is impossible to allow the health of the people to be irreparably harmed. The United Nations has a paramount responsibility to act in unanimity upon this issue, and ensure the permanent discontinuance of nuclear tests. We cannot see why a permanent agreement cannot be made and made soon, effectively banning for ever all nuclear testing.”
1961-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 16 (1961)
“each test of a nuclear bomb increases the quantity of radio-active fall-out, thereby causing harm to the health of people throughout the entire world and threatening the normal development of coming generations." The situation since then has further deteriorated as a result of the present series of explosions since the breaking of the moratorium on 1 September 1961, 92. One of the most harmful effects of radio-activity is that it causes cancer of the bone, and leukaemia. We all know that cancer is the greatest enemy of mankind, and that the continual increase of its incidence is a matter of world-wide concern.”
1961-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 16 (1961)
“It is reckoned that it will take no less than twenty-eight years for only 50 per cent of the fall-out to disappear. Consequently, every new test adds to the existing radioactivity by increasing its volume and its harmful potential. 91. Concern over this danger is general among the peoples of all countries. The 1958 moratorium was the result of the pressure of public opinion aroused by increasing awareness of the dangers of nuclear testing. In January 1958, a petition signed by over 9,000 scientists from forty-four countries, and addressed to the Secretary-General of the United Nations, asserted that: "...”
1961-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 16 (1961)
“In the time that has since elapsed, instead of further progress towards disarmament, we have reached the point when even that initial step has been abandoned, and nuclear tests are resumed with particular energy and increased frequency of explosions. Nuclear testing is the gravest manifestation of war preparation, for it is directed to the perfecting of the destructive potential of nuclear weapons by their increase in intensity and radius of destruction—as if we had not had enough of that destruction from the weapons that already existed. But worse still, the evil involved in nuclear tests extends beyond the aggravation of the dangers of war. It causes actual harm to life and health through radio-active fall-out. This fall-out, particularly of strontium-90 and carbon-14, is cumulative over a long period of years.”
1961-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 16 (1961)
“The abrupt suspension of negotiations for banning nuclear tests, at a time when a draft treaty, the subject of laborious negotiations since 1958 was, or should have been, nearing completion, brought deep disappointment to the world. 89. But what has been the most serious cause for anxiety and deep concern is the sudden resumption of nuclear testing in the atmosphere by the Soviet Union, followed by_ underground testing by the United States, with all that it implies of increased danger and harm of human life and health. 90. Such resumed testing is an ominous sign of regression in the endeavours towards disarmament and peace. Three years ago, a positive step forward was taken by agreeing on a moratorium on nuclear tests.”
1961-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 16 (1961)
“In this spirit, our Government is determined to follow a policy of equal friendship with all nations." 86. In the same address, a five-year programme for the economic development of Cyprus was announced by the President. In the preparation and execution of this programme, the United Nations has rendered, and is rendering, valuable technical assistance. 87. We have before us, on our agenda, a long and heavy list of items. Many, indeed, are the problems besetting mankind today, but the problem which overshadows all else and dominates the anxious thought of humanity is the problem of war and peace; the overhanging danger of nuclear conflagration. 88. Directly connected with this problem is the question of nuclear testing, which calls for our urgent attention.”
1961-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 16 (1961)
“As the President of our Republic, Archbishop Makarios, declared at the Belgrade Conference: "Our non-alignment is the source of our freedom of judgement and independence of approach to world problems, allowing our stand to be determined by what is right and just in each case. Our non-commitment to any bloc becomes our commitment, and a strong commitment, to moral principle". 85. The general terms of the external policy of Cyprus have also been outlined in the address of President Makarios to the House of Representatives on 21 August 1961, where it was given as follows: "Although Cyprus is a small country, we firmly believe that it can promote the spirit of friendship and co-operation amongst nations, thus making a decisive contribution towards the establishment of international peace and stability.”
1961-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 16 (1961)
“Our over-all purpose is to work towards cooperation and peace, for the common good and in the interests of humanity as one whole, of which we form a small part. In our endeavours at conciliation and compromise, however, we do not overlook the merits of each problem in its relation to cardinal principles under the Charter of the United Nations, for we firmly believe that no solution which is not broadly based on justice, freedom and democracy can ever be a sound or an enduring solution. In this sense do we conceive our humble contribution to the United Nations and to the world community at large. 84.”
1961-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 16 (1961)
“The relation of dominant and subject peoples should give its place to that of friendly co-operation in equality and freedom. The sooner this is realized, the better for all concerned and for the world at large. Indeed, persistence in outdated colonialism by some Powers has caused a setback to the United Nations, and has wide and adverse repercussions on the effective vindication of human rights wherever such rights are denied. The geographic situation of my country between three continents, and its history of long association with the peoples of these continents, gives us a sense of responsibility to serve as a bridge of understanding, conciliation and unity in our area and in the world at large. 83.”
1961-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 16 (1961)
“It is a dynamic symbol for the abandonment of the concept of domination and the liberation of all peoples. It opens up a new chapter in human relations and lays a solid foundation for peace—for, indeed, the greater the area of freedom, the broader the basis of peace. .2/See Official Records of the General Assembly, Fifteenth Session. Plenary Meetings. 906th meeting, para. 20. 81. We would wish to see the processes for the termination of colonialism accelerated and progress towards universal freedom advanced. We would thus support all appropriate measures for the implementation of that resolution. 82. The time has come for a complete reappraisal of colonial policies, in whatever form and by whatever methods they may be pursued. The age of domination by one people of another by force belongs to the past.”
1961-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 16 (1961)
“My delegation is happy to have fully supported that policy and the United Nations in the Congo. We confidently trust that it will be carried to a successful conclusion, in spite of all adversity, for the consolidation of peace in the Congo and we shall continue our full support to that policy. 79. Having ourselves emerged from a status of colonial dependence, it is but natural that our hearts beat as one with all peoples struggling for their liberty, but it is also our firm belief that there can be no stability and peace in the world without justice and freedom, 80. In this sense, the resolution on colonialism and for the independence of all peoples [1514 (XV)], adopted by the General Assembly last year, which we had the honour to sponsor, is of historic significance.”
1961-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 16 (1961)
“On the question of Algeria, Bizerta, Angola, the Congo and others, we firmly stood by the United Nations and its Charter, upholding the human rights and freedoms of the people concerned. Our wholehearted support of these worthy causes will be no less active at this session. 77. It is most regrettable that there has been such a heavy and unnecessary loss of life in those countries resulting from a futile effort to stem the tide of freedom and prolong colonialism in one form or another. 78. The constructive progress achieved with the assistance of the United Nations in the Congo, where agreement was reached and a Central Government established, ensuring the independence, unity and integrity of that country, is a significant and encouraging step forward for Africa and for the whole world.”
1961-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 16 (1961)
“This is the second general debate in which my delegation has participated, and our statement of policy cannot be unrelated to the line which we have followed since Cyprus first joined the United Nations. 75. In our statement on that occasion, we declared that Cyprus would not align itself, as a matter of routine, with any Power blocs and that it would follow an independent line based on respect for principle and the Charter of the United Nations . 76. The policy of Cyprus in the United Nations has been consistent with that line, and our stand on various issues has been guided by a spirit of objectivity. We have actively supported all causes of freedom and human rights under the Charter.”
1961-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 16 (1961)
“Its rapidly increasing membership has brought it the infusion of enlivening blood from Asia and Africa and the wholesomeness of a growing independence of approach to world problems. By its universality the United Nations now is steadily becoming a vigorous forum of world public opinion, destined to exert a decisive and far-reaching influence in the development of world affairs. Its moral impact has already begun to make itself felt in the general feeling of this Assembly on international issues. It will grow with time, and along with it will grow the confidence and hope of humanity. We are confident that a basically new approach in statesmanship will come, lifting mankind to new and loftier levels of endeavour and achievement. In this spirit we bring to the United Nations the humble, but wholehearted, co-operation of our small country.”
1960-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 15 (1960)
“Mankind is now, as never before, faced by the threat of self-extinction, from which there is no retreat and no escape. There is only one way out, that leading up to the brotherhood of man. Humanity will have to follow it or perish. 38. Moralizing may sound out of place in the practical spirit of this debate. Yet it may not be entirely so. The world has moved in the last decade or two with amazing rapidity. Concepts such as that of the brotherhood of man, which were a few years ago considered a remote and unattainable idea, have now become a practical necessity and a demanding reality. 39. We believe the United Nations can and will play a positive role in this direction.”
1960-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 15 (1960)
“Agreement cannot therefore be reached while suspicion and recrimination mount. 36. For us the first and paramount requirement and the first principle is largely and inevitably a moral one. It is futile trying to find acceptable formulae of disarmament while in the hearts of men and nations the negativeness of antagonism and suspicion persists. A climate of confidence is indispensable, if disarmament is not to continue to be an ever elusive phantom. 37. While the progress of science has reached astounding levels of achievement, moral progress has lamentably lagged behind. In our nuclear age this disparity cannot continue without grave consequences. Scientific regress is impossible. Moral progress Is, therefore, an imperative. And it can be achieved.”
1960-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 15 (1960)
“The attitudes of the two sides as to the priority between a plan on disarmament and a plan on control should not be irreconcilable. For instance, parallel plans on disarmament and control could be simultaneously agreed upon as part of one treaty and carried out by stages, while retaining the balance of power. Yet no agreement is visible. What is lacking, in our view, is a degree of mutual confidence. It is feared — and perhaps not unreasonably — that in the process of disarmament the balance of power might be tipped, with dire results to either side. It appears to us that balance of power cannot safely fit in with disarmament. They spring from diametrically opposed concepts. The former stems from antagonism and suspicion, the latter from trust and co-operation. It is difficult, if not impossible, to make them blend.”
1960-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 15 (1960)
“All nations wish for peace and want disarmament. One would, therefore, be Inclined — and not unnaturally — to ask; Why should we then be in a crisis, and why can there be no agreement on disarmament? We do not question the good faith or the wisdom of the big Powers. We do question the results. It would seem that the main obstacle is suspicion and distrust. Every proposal put forward by the one side is viewed by the other with suspicion. This is probably why all negotiations ultimately fail, though seemingly nearing agreement at times. The aspect of inspection and control should be given some consideration in the light of its help towards creating confidence by unsealing the doors of secrecy. 35. During the last meetings of the Ten-Nation Committee on Disarmament the gap seemed to have considerably narrowed down.”
1960-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 15 (1960)
“On the item concerning Bolzano (Bozen), due for debate before the Special Political Committee, a just solution in a spirit of compromise could well be reached, and we would be happy to help towards such a compromise agreement in every way that we can. 34. On the subject of disarmament, we have studied the annual report of the Secretary-General [A/4390] and the report of the United Nations Disarmament Commission [see A/4463]. We have also before us the resolution [1378 (XIV)] unanimously adopted at the fourteenth session of the General Assembly, for general and complete disarmament. We have, furthermore, listened, with absorbing interest and respect, to the wise statements by leaders of great nations. In all of them we discern a deep desire for peace and for disarmament. We believe in the sincerity of these speeches.”
1960-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 15 (1960)
“We trust that economic and technical assistance by the United Nations to the newly Independent countries will be on an increased and extended scale, in order to meet the urgent needs of those countries and ensure their economic stability and progress in the interest of world peace. 32. In this connexion my delegation wishes to suggest that, for the purpose of enlarging and intensifying programmes of assistance to less developed countries, there should be a re-appraisal of the whole subject of such assistance in the light of past experience gained by the United Nations in the field of economic reconstruction and development. My delegation takes the view that the time is ripe for a more vigorous United Nations action on the economic and social development of less developed areas in the world. 33.”
1960-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 15 (1960)
“We look forward to a time when the United Nations would have an effective military force at its command to meet all situations, and when military bases would in essence become United Nations constabulary bases in die service of mankind. 30. The past record of the United Nations, in spite of certain shortcomings — perhaps unavoidable — is, on the whole, one of outstanding progress and achievement. Its intervention has already been most salutary in many explosive situations the world over; its economic activities throughout the world, though in their nature less dramatic, have been of great value. These activities should receive every encouragement and enhancement as a constructive effort towards creating world circumstances, in which crises will become less likely to occur. 31.”
1960-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 15 (1960)
“It is most essential that the office of Secretary-General, as the executive organ of the United Nations, should in no way be weakened in its power to make decisions, or hampered in its action. Any assumption of the authority and functions of the Secretary-General by a political body, however constituted, or any other interpolation in the Secretary General's duties, would bring the discord of politics into the heart of the executive, and would thus paralyse its action and its efficacy, at times when it was most needed. 29. We have faith in the United Nations as an instrument of peace through freedom and economic development. A distressed humanity places its trust and Its hopes in it. Our desire and our objective is that its influence should increase and the field of its activities enlarged.”
1960-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 15 (1960)
“Its Government and people, with the assistance of the United Nations, will be able to find their way to peace and unity. 27. The work of the Secretary-General in carrying out the decision of the Security Council was performed, in our view, with impartiality and with commendable efficiency and speed under conditions of great difficulty and strain. My delegation, therefore, wishes to associate itself with the wide expression of confidence in Mr. Hammarskjold’s loyalty to the Charter and in his integrity and his skill. But for the timely intervention of the United Nations and its decisive action, there would have been chaos in the Congo with the risk of a widespread war. 28.”
1960-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 15 (1960)
“We look forward to the day, not far off, whet all African peoples will be free, living in their own States under their own sovereign Governments, It is not for us to define what is called "the African personality", but if it means a sense of unity among all African peoples and States, a concept of the continent as a personality, a unify that would contribute to the consolidation of the world community, we welcome it. 26. Our stand on the question of the Congo (Leopoldville) is consistent with the resolution [1474 (ES-IV)] of the General Assembly, adopted at its fourth emergency special session. We shall fully support the United Nations in its efforts to bring about peace and harmony In the Congo and to safeguard its Independence and territorial Integrity. There should be no outside interference in the Congo.”
1960-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 15 (1960)
“On such premises we would like to see a solution of the Algerian problem by mutual understanding between the French nation and the Algerian people, whose cause of self-determination has our full support. The imaginative policy of the great leader of France, President de Gaulle, and his outstanding dedication to freedom in the last war, justify great hopes that such a solution will be reached, and will be reached soon, by free negotiations with the representatives of the brave Algerian nation. 25. We are an island geographically detached from continents. Yet we are not so far from Africa and we have a friendly and vivid Interest in the future of all the peoples of that continent.”
1960-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 15 (1960)
“And it would serve their own long-term interest, no less than that of world peace. For there can be no stability and peace where the will of the people is in rebellion, and where the sense of justice, of freedom and of right is continually violated. It was Woodrow Wilson, that great precursor of the United Nations, who said that "without self-determination there cannot, and should not, be peace in the world". 23. A realistic approach to this problem by those who wield the power is most necessary. The relationship of dominant and subject peoples should give its place to that of co-operation between free peoples, on a footing of equality and trust. This is the trend of history and these are the dictates of moral principle. They cannot go unheeded. 24.”
1960-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 15 (1960)
“In whichever lands and in whatever areas of the world people are struggling for their freedom, they may be assured that the hearts of the people of Cyprus are beating with them in rhythm. We have heard with particular interest and deep satisfaction the dynamic message in support of freedom and against colonialism conveyed in the speeches of so many great leaders of nations, big and small. The collective voice of nations has spoken out and has made its decisive pronouncement for the attainment of independence by all subject peoples the world over. 22. The age of domination and force is a thing of the past. All peoples should be allowed to develop their own culture and their own political and economic systems in freedom. A timely recognition of this reality is urgently demanded from those directly concerned with these issues.”
1960-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 15 (1960)
“We shall follow an independent line, guided by what is right and for the common good. Our commitment, and a strong commitment, Is to the United Nations and its Charter. In these historic moments we are fully conscious of our share of responsibility in the decisions to be taken and in the international developments that may ensue. We shall, therefore, need all the clarity of thought and understanding that comes from sincerity of purpose and from purity of mind. 21. Just emerging from a liberation struggle, we bear no vestige of bitterness towards anyone, and no prejudice whatsoever weighs upon our judgement. Our dedication, however, to the cause of freedom is no less strong and emphatic in respect of the liberty of others.”
1960-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 15 (1960)
“And I recall with warmth of feeling the encouragement received from many delegations in this Assembly. 19. It has been the destiny of Cyprus through the ages to pass through many vicissitudes and tests. In the course of Its long history it has known periods of independent life, when philosophy and art flourished. And it has also known its periods of foreign domination. However, in weathering the storms of centuries, its people have perhaps acquired fortitude of spirit and understanding of other peoples; they have thus learnt the lesson of patience and of tolerance. 20. We come to the United Nations at a crucial time for the world and for the Organization itself. We are in no way committed, and we shall not align ourselves, as a matter of routine, with any Power blocs or camps.”
1960-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 15 (1960)
“Cyprus, as one of the recently admitted countries to the United Nations, comes into this general debate with all the diffidence of a newcomer. We have no experience of the intricacies of the subjects under discussion, and we bring no accumulated knowledge of them. But we may bring, I hope, perspective in outlook and objectivity of approach in the consideration of world problems. We bring also our faith in the United Nations and our profound dedication to the cause of peace, based on justice and freedom, that very freedom and justice for which the people of Cyprus have long struggled and fought. 18. At this moment my thoughts go out in gratitude to all the nations that supported our cause and took a stand for the right of the Cypriot people to a free and independent life.”
1960-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 15 (1960)