YouSaid · the spoken record

Nicholas Clegg

lines on the record: 39
first: 2010-09-24
most recent: 2013-09-24
sittings or episodes: 2
sources: un-general-debate

Every line below is reproduced as it was said and linked to the record it came from. Nothing here is summarised or generated. Directory · Search · Corrections

“We stand ready to work with all others who will do the same.”
2013-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 68 (2013)
“A global trade deal to cut bureaucracy at borders — the subject of a World Trade Organization meeting that will take place in Bali in early December — would mean a trillion-dollar boost for the global economy. In the next two years, the United Kingdom wants to do as much as it can to drive progress on the United Nations Millennium Development Goals, and we are also working in the United Nations and with civil society to set out a post-2015 agenda that is even more ambitious. There can be no greater goal than to eradicate extreme poverty, leaving no one behind. On these and all other issues facing our nations, we are quite simply stronger together than we are apart. Now more than ever, we must fend off the forces of insularity and isolationism, stand up for our values and look out to the world. That is what the United Kingdom will do.”
2013-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 68 (2013)
“We call on all States to play their part in this forum, and in our other international institutions, just as we will play ours. We are at our best when we engage constructively with one another and when we are ambitious in pursuing our shared goals. That is as important for those countries whose economies and influence have grown and transformed over more recent years as it is for the old, established Powers. Greater influence means greater responsibility. The world is a better place because Brazil is taking a lead in tackling deforestation, because Mexico has enshrined climate-change targets into law, because the Republic of Korea is leading the way on nuclear security. But there is much more to do; there are many more areas where we need to take the lead.”
2013-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 68 (2013)
“The United Kingdom is proud of the role we played in delivering it, and we urge any countries that have not signed it to do so. The Treaty reminds us that, with enough political will, we can come together and do the previously unthinkable, and that should embolden us to do still more. The United Nations has many virtues, but it also has serious shortcomings that must be faced. The United Nations has no greater friend than the United Kingdom, but it does not adequately reflect the world we live in today. The Security Council must be reformed. Unless more room is made at the top table, it will fast become an anachronism, a relic of a different time. That is why the United Kingdom continues to support permanent seats for Brazil, India, Germany and Japan, and permanent African representation, too.”
2013-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 68 (2013)
“We are all affected by the scourge of terrorism. Whether it is a soldier brutally murdered on a quiet London street or innocent shoppers gunned down in a busy Nairobi mall, we are all vulnerable. Following the recent horrific events in Nairobi, the United Kingdom is working closely with the Governments of Kenya, Somalia and countries across the region to tackle the issue. Our global response to terrorism must be robust, intelligent and cover all those areas where our work together can make a genuine difference. Alone we can take small steps forward, but together we can take giant leaps. That much was clear earlier this year when we signed the world’s first Arms Trade Treaty (resolution 67/234 B) to better regulate the global sale of weapons.”
2013-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 68 (2013)
“Take climate change, for example — the report issued this morning by the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change confirms that sea levels are already rising and that ice is melting faster than we had expected. The report is an authoritative rebuke to all those who persist in claiming that man-made climate change does not exist. The United Kingdom will continue to cut our emissions and give over $6 billion to assist developing countries to do the same and adapt to environmental changes. But if we are to halt the devastating effects of climate change, we must listen to the science, act now and act together. We thus welcome the Secretary- General’s announcement of a leaders’ summit next year as a key step towards all nations agreeing to a deal in 2015 to take action to avert the crisis.”
2013-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 68 (2013)
“That was just the start of our work on that agenda, and we are pleased that the United Kingdom’s trade, tax and transparency priorities have been fully reflected in agreements reached by the G-20, including extending the commitment to resist protectionist measures by a further two years to the end of 2016, so that trade remains as free and open as possible. Whether it be in the G-8, the G-20, the European Union, NATO or the Commonwealth, or as one of the five permanent members of the Security Council, the United Kingdom will continue to be an active and engaged player in the world. The biggest problems we face are problems we share.”
2013-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 68 (2013)
“That ambition is at the heart of the United Kingdom’s initiative to end sexual violence in conflict, and I would encourage all States that have yet to do so to endorse the Declaration of Commitment to End Sexual Violence in Conflict. Over 115 States are already committed; we are sending a message to the victims of those devastating crimes that they are not alone and that their attackers will be punished. We have also used our presidency of the Group of Eight (G-8) to focus on three areas where we can support global prosperity — boosting trade, ensuring better transparency to help developing nations benefit from resources that are rightfully theirs, and cracking down on tax evasion and closing tax loopholes.”
2013-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 68 (2013)
“Thus, despite the strain on our finances, the United Kingdom has met its target to spend 0.7 per cent of its gross national income on development assistance. We are the only country in the Group of 20 (G-20) to have done so. Following the global economic crisis, we said we would not balance our books on the backs of the world’s poorest and we have held true to our word. On Monday, we announced that we would provide $1.6 billion to the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria. That is 10 per cent of the Fund’s replenishment, so long as others join. Women and girls remain at the heart of our development agenda. They are the key to economic growth, so investing in girls’ education is the single most effective thing we can do to break the cycle of poverty. We must end gender inequality, which is the root of violence against women.”
2013-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 68 (2013)
“Britain stands ready to play its part. As we wind up our military operations in Afghanistan, the United Kingdom continues to work with the Afghan Government to ensure a successful transition. The Afghan National Security Forces are now leading on security and continue to grow in confidence and capability. That is a significant achievement. In the United Kingdom, we recognize the serious challenges still ahead for Afghanistan, but we strongly believe that there is room for optimism about the country’s long- term future. This is a crucial time for Afghan men, women and children, as they prepare for elections in 2014, which must be credible, transparent and inclusive. Poverty is as great a threat to stability and freedom as are conflict and oppression.”
2013-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 68 (2013)
“One thing that would fundamentally transform the Middle East is a conclusive two-State agreement to end the Israeli-Palestinian conflict — an agreement based on 1967 borders with agreed land swaps that leads to a sovereign and viable Palestinian State living in peace alongside a safe and secure Israel, a universally recognized Palestine alongside a universally recognized Israel. I commend the dedicated efforts of Secretary Kerry and the courageous leadership of Prime Minister Netanyahu and President Abbas, which have enabled direct peace talks to resume. I sincerely hope that both parties will make every effort to keep talks going, including a halt in the building of new settlements. The international community must fully support the parties as they make the difficult decisions that are necessary for achieving a lasting peace.”
2013-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 68 (2013)
“I welcome President Rouhani’s comments on Tuesday that he wants a constructive engagement between Iran and the rest of the world and that he wants to engage immediately in time-bound talks on the nuclear issue. Those are encouraging words which I very much hope are matched with genuine action. I am pleased that negotiations on Iran’s nuclear programme will restart in October. If Iran’s words are followed by concrete steps, then there is a real opportunity to make progress in resolving the serious international concerns about Iran’s nuclear programme. We also look to a more constructive approach from Iran in helping resolve the crisis in Syria, and we have made clear to Iran that we are ready, as the United Kingdom Government, to improve our relationship on a step-by-step and reciprocal basis.”
2013-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 68 (2013)
“On Wednesday, I announced that the United Kingdom would provide a further $160 million of humanitarian support for the Syrian people, bringing total United Kingdom funding to $800 million — £500 million — our biggest-ever response to a humanitarian crisis, much of which is aimed at helping the many children caught up in this tragic conflict. The world has raised close to $1 billion of humanitarian support this month, and I hope that others will step up and contribute. Most importantly, I call on all parties inside Syria to allow humanitarian agencies to operate without hindrance or the threat of violence. Unless that urgent humanitarian access is given, no amount of money can alleviate the scale of the Syrian people’s suffering.”
2013-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 68 (2013)
“On the issue of chemical weapons in Syria, on 21 August the Al-Assad regime committed a war crime under international humanitarian law, launching a large-scale chemical-weapon attack on its own people — the first attack on this scale for 25 years and 88 years after such weapons were universally banned. As President Obama said here on Tuesday (see A/68/ PV.5), it is an insult to human reason to suggest that the regime was not responsible for that war crime. The international community must react, and react in unison. That is why we hope to adopt later today a Security Council resolution establishing binding legal obligations on the Syrian regime for the removal and destruction of Syria’s vast chemical-weapons arsenal.”
2013-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 68 (2013)
“And we have kept the political spotlight on the need to return assets stolen by the former regimes in those countries. In Syria, our priority is to help bring about a political settlement. The foundations for a settlement were agreed in Geneva last year — establishing, on the basis of mutual consent, a transitional governing body with full executive powers. We are in close touch with our partners about convening a second Geneva conference as soon as possible. No meaningful political solution can occur without the moderate Syrian opposition. We recognize the Syrian National Coalition as the legitimate representatives of the Syrian people, and we recognize their commitments to the Geneva process and to building a secular, democratic and pluralist Syria that ensures equal rights for all.”
2013-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 68 (2013)
“We are on the side of all those who support political freedom and economic empowerment. There will be no pulling up of the drawbridge from us; no heading into retreat. We will resist any impulse to turn our back on the world. In North Africa and the Middle East, we are helping States put in place the building blocks for their democracies. Whether by training Libyan officials to supervise fair elections, or supporting a free media by training journalists in Morocco, these are the nuts and bolts of successful democratic transition. We are also supporting these countries’ economies through our stewardship of the Group of Eight Deauville Partnership this year, leading efforts to boost trade and investment in the region, helping small- and medium-sized enterprises and, crucially, promoting greater participation by women.”
2013-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 68 (2013)
“Well-functioning democracy cannot emerge overnight, be exported from the West or dropped on a country from 8,000 feet — that much we have learnt from the failures of the past. Developing the culture and institutions needed — the rule of law, plural politics, human rights — is a painstaking process for every country involved, and it requires strategic patience from the rest of the world. But while the road to democracy is difficult, the direction of travel is set. Everywhere we look, people are standing together against discrimination and for equality; against oppression and for liberty. A wave of openness has emerged, transcending borders and cultures. Men and women of every creed, faith and colour are calling for fair opportunities and demanding to be heard. The United Kingdom is clear.”
2013-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 68 (2013)
“The democratic urge remains as strong among the people as it was when they first rejoiced in Tahrir Square. In other parts of the region, while the picture is mixed, important progress has been made. In Libya, the General National Congress is working towards elections in early 2014. Morocco has a new Constitution and, for the first time, a Prime Minister elected by Parliament. Although difficult challenges remain, Yemen has chosen reconciliation, dialogue and democracy over violence. Tunisia is also focused on building a new democracy and economic growth, with progress towards a new Constitution, and further elections expected in 2014. Yes, these nations will undergo more turbulence. That is certain.”
2013-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 68 (2013)
“And so, just as the events of recent years have revealed the weaknesses of some Western economies, they have also underscored the great strength of open societies — the ability to evolve and adapt. Open societies do not fear change, and in the twenty-first century such openness to reform is critical to lasting stability and success. Democracy, free speech, participation, equality before the law, the right to peaceful protest, the right to be educated, the chance to work — these are not Western values; they are the political and economic freedoms sought by citizens everywhere, and they are gaining force in every country around the globe. Governments that ignore them are fighting a losing battle. Democracy did not fail in Egypt; a single set of elections failed. Egypt now needs to return to the path of inclusive democracy.”
2013-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 68 (2013)
“The real lesson of the past five years has been the remarkable resilience of open societies and the acute need for international cooperation in today’s world. Liberal democracies in Europe and across the Atlantic have weathered profound economic difficulty. The eurozone did not fall over, as many said it would. By working together, disaster was averted and the sovereign debt crisis is being managed. In Europe we have maintained stability at a time of great upheaval because, for the most part, our citizens have expressed their frustration peacefully and through the ballot box. And where there has been unrest, mature democracies have managed it with relative success.”
2013-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 68 (2013)
“Authoritarian States point enthusiastically at the ongoing fallout of the 2008 financial crisis — proof, they say, of a broken Western model. They feel vindicated; their citizens may be less free, but their growth rates outstrip those in the West. At the same time, in many of the States affected by the financial crash, austerity has given rise to a period of introspection. The impulse is to turn inwards rather than face outwards. And so a crisis of confidence has threatened to take hold in parts of the developed world. It is not surprising to hear some argue that liberal democracy has had its day and that our multilateral system is becoming obsolete. But those who make these claims are wrong. They are drawing the wrong conclusions from recent events.”
2013-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 68 (2013)
“In my lifetime, the world has been sliced up and labelled in many different ways: East and West; communism and capitalism; North and South; Christian and Muslim; developed and developing, and so on. But as we meet today, the most important fault line is not one of geography, or ideology, or religion, or wealth; it is the divide between those societies which are open and those which are closed. Open societies choose democracy and freedom at home, and engagement and responsibility abroad. Closed societies suppress the liberty of their citizens, draw a veil across their actions and withdraw from our shared international life. We must be honest — the forces of insularity and isolationism have gained momentum in recent years. Discrediting democracy feels easier.”
2013-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 68 (2013)
“No nation can insist on the law and then act as though it is above it. But our approach will also be hard-headed and realistic. In recent years we have learned — in same cases the hard way — that democracy cannot be created by diktat. Freedom cannot be commanded into existence. The new coalition Government, now five-months old, will restore Britain’s international reputation by pursuing a hard-headed foreign policy based on liberal values. The world has changed, but the values that should guide us have not. We have to renew our international institutions in line with the new realities of world power and influence, and fearlessly project the ideals of democracy, equality and freedom. Great things are demanded of us. Great things are necessary from us. It falls to our generation of leaders to meet these challenges together.”
2010-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 65 (2010)
“This is the spirit in which the United Kingdom Government is conducting a root-and-branch review of our own strategic defence and security policy. Our last review took place in 1998, but the world has changed, along with the character of the threats we face. This is not to say that we did not face grave threats before, but they were more fixed, more visible and more predictable. Today, the threats to our security are not rooted in specific States. They are more fluid and often less visible: terrorism, organized crime, or attacks from cyberspace. We must judge our security not by our ability to deal with what we know, but how able we are to respond to unpredictable threats. The United Kingdom will also show leadership by example. As fierce advocates of the international rule of law, we will practice what we preach.”
2010-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 65 (2010)
“The United Kingdom will therefore continue to push for human rights across the world. Since the Universal Declaration of Human Rights was adopted in 1948, the United Nations has developed a global legal framework of human rights standards. We want to see the Human Rights Council do more to ensure that States implement their obligations and use the 2011 review to improve the Council’s ability to respond effectively to situations of concern, such as the outrageous abuse of democracy and human rights in Burma. United Kingdom foreign policy will be shaped by the three big challenges I have set out today: a power shift, the globalization of problems, and the rapid circulation and potency of ideas. The United Kingdom Government will fearlessly promote our ideals and interests while remaining realistic in our approach.”
2010-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 65 (2010)
“These values are sometimes described as Western values, but only by people who do not know their history. Four centuries ago, the great Mughal emperor Akbar was legislating for religious freedom and equality in what is now India, while in parts of Europe heretics were being burned at the stake. The truth is that these liberal values of equality, law and self-determination cannot be claimed by any nation or hemisphere. They are global values with global force. They are also the values at the heart of the United Nations Charter. We should never apologize for promoting the idea that women and men are equal; never flinch from insisting that Governments chosen by their people are better; never shy away from our insistence that nobody should be silenced because of their religion or beliefs.”
2010-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 65 (2010)
“I am very proud, as the representative of a European Union (EU) member State, that the EU has recently shown real leadership in promising to look at improving trade access for Pakistan in response to the disaster. I very much hope that others can follow suit. So, economic power has shifted and problems have globalized, but at the same time the power of ideas has grown enormously. Identities have become more fluid. It is not possible to put people into neatly labelled national boxes any more. This means that winning the battle of ideas is as important as military prowess. The work of international institutions must continue to be guided by the values on which those institutions were founded: the rule of law, both domestic and international; the right to freedom of expression and belief; democracy; and equality before the law.”
2010-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 65 (2010)
“We are standing by our promise to devote 0.7 per cent of gross national income to international development assistance from 2013, and we will enshrine this commitment in law. When disaster strikes, we must respond quickly and generously. Right now, Pakistan faces a humanitarian disaster of unimaginable proportions. As the Secretary-General has said, this is the largest disaster in the 65-year history of the United Nations. So we must ensure that the United Nations appeal is properly funded to cover both humanitarian relief and reconstruction, and we must ensure that there is enough 10-54959 28 support over the long term, not least in helping Pakistan to achieve the levels of economic growth that will allow the country to rebuild itself.”
2010-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 65 (2010)
“The United Kingdom remains fully committed to the mission to bring peace and prosperity to Afghanistan. Afghans are increasingly taking responsibility for their own affairs. This year’s Kabul Conference and, most recently, parliamentary elections have demonstrated Afghan commitment. Challenges remain, but progress is being made. The United Kingdom will continue to work with its international partners to support Afghans to build a better Afghanistan. The United Kingdom is wholehearted in our support for international development. Like many nations, we are having to take tough action to reduce our financial deficits, but we are not budging a millimetre from our commitment to development.”
2010-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 65 (2010)
“Effective peacebuilding can address the underlying causes of conflict and strengthen local, regional and national capacity to contribute to long- term stability in fragile States. The coming year will see some significant challenges to the United Nations efforts to promote international peace, justice and security: in the Sudan, where we will see a referendum on the future of Southern Sudan, while continuing to look for progress on justice in Darfur and more widely; in Somalia, where the African Union peacekeeping mission is playing a brave and crucial role, and where the leadership of the United Nations could be decisive; and in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, where much progress has been made but where we have seen again in recent weeks how much more remains to be done to achieve real security and stability for many of its hard- pressed people.”
2010-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 65 (2010)
“We must work harder to prevent conflict by tackling the sources of violence. And where conflict does break out, we must be ready to help resolve it. So let me take this opportunity to acknowledge the invaluable contribution of United Nations peacekeepers to laying the foundations for sustainable peace around the world. We owe them all, and the Governments that provide them, a great debt of gratitude. The United Kingdom, along with France and other partners, has been at the forefront of supporting and encouraging United Nations efforts to deliver more strategic and effective peacekeeping. We will continue to provide that support. But peacekeeping alone is not the answer. We need peacebuilding, too. The United Nations is uniquely placed not only to keep the peace, but also to make it last.”
2010-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 65 (2010)
“The second of the three big shifts we have to adapt to is the globalization of many of our problems and of many of the solutions to those problems. Our economies are, of course, tied ever more closely together, as recent events have dramatically proven. Prosperity and poverty in one part of the world impact on economic activity and security elsewhere. Diseases can span the globe in a matter of days. Terrorism is conducted by international networks across the world. Environmental threats do not respect borders. We are used to thinking about stateless people. We have to get used to the idea of stateless problems, too. Conflict takes place between, across and within national boundaries, but wherever it takes place it can threaten the interests of all nations. Conflict undermines our collective prosperity and destroys development.”
2010-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 65 (2010)
“His remarks were intended to distract attention from Iran’s obligations and to generate media headlines. They deserve to do neither. The reshaped world of power also increases the need to open our borders to free trade. A trading world is a safer world. A world trade deal, which is within reach, would be worth $170 billion annually to the world economy. Two years ago we were very close, but we failed to seal the deal. We simply cannot afford protectionism. Today, we have to recognize that we will need an even more ambitious deal than we envisaged then if we are to get an agreement. Greater access to markets, particularly for least developed countries’ exports of agriculture, supports growth and reduces poverty.”
2010-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 65 (2010)
“The prevention of nuclear-weapons proliferation is another huge priority for the international community. The United Kingdom welcomes the success of the Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons this May, and I can assure the Assembly that we will continue to play our part in making the world safer from the threat of nuclear weapons. I was ready today to welcome the progress made in this week’s meeting of the E3+3 group on Iran. I was ready to also straightforwardly reiterate our 27 10-54959 concerns about Iran’s nuclear programme. But instead, once again, an issue of grave global concern has been overshadowed by the bizarre, offensive and attention- grabbing pronouncements by President Ahmadinejad from this rostrum yesterday.”
2010-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 65 (2010)
“It is also important that the vital role of the European Union in promoting development and prosperity be adequately represented in the Assembly. The redrawing of the power map also makes it even more important that the writ of international law extend across the world. Laws are the solid representation of our collective values. That is why it is so important that we uphold and reinforce the instruments of international justice, including the International Criminal Court and specific tribunals, such as those for Rwanda and the former Yugoslavia. I strongly welcome the comments of President Obama yesterday on the vital importance of the Middle East peace process. I can assure the Assembly that the United Kingdom is committed to helping lead to the end of hostilities that have been so profoundly damaging for all sides.”
2010-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 65 (2010)
“The United Kingdom is clear and unambiguous in our support for permanent seats for Brazil, India, Germany and Japan, and for African representation. Put simply, the United Nations cannot speak for the many if it only hears the voices of the few. We welcome the priority that the President has promised to give to the Assembly’s continuing negotiations on this issue. Closer cooperation on counter-terrorism is also vital, and we welcome the Assembly’s affirmation of the United Nations Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy. We must stand shoulder to shoulder in the struggle against terrorism. The United Kingdom will always champion the United Nations. If it did not exist, we would have to invent it. But let us be frank. Without a radical overhaul, the United Nations will not provide the leadership the world seeks from it and needs from it.”
2010-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 65 (2010)
“Turning first to the altered geography of power, it is an often-stated fact that the old economic order is being transformed and that what were once labelled emerging economies are now, in many cases, global economic players. The distribution of military power, too, is altering, so power is being wielded in different places and in different ways. This power shift requires us to reform our international institutions, to reinforce the rule of international law, and to free up international trade. In recent years, our multinational institutions have sometimes struggled to adapt to the new circumstances, so reform is essential. And a good place to start is right here at the United Nations. The Security Council must be reformed to reflect the new geography of power.”
2010-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 65 (2010)
“So we must reform and renew our multilateral institutions in line with the changing map of power, strengthen our actions on international peacebuilding, climate change and development, and promote liberal values and human rights to win the conflict of ideas. The truth is that in all three of these areas we are not doing anything like as well as we must. The effectiveness of multilateral approaches is in question in the wake of the financial crisis, the failure of the climate change talks in Copenhagen and the stalling of the Doha Trade Round. And too many nations and international institutions have been too reticent about promoting enlightened human values. We need to inject new life into our institutions and new confidence into the expression of our ideals.”
2010-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 65 (2010)
“The nations represented here know how deeply the world has changed in the six and a half decades since the United Nations was formed; since the spirit of international citizenship, of peoples and nations combining their energies to solve our shared problems, gave birth to the United Nations. Today, that spirit is needed more than ever. All of us have to respond to a world that is profoundly altered. As a community of nations, we face three profound challenges: a redrawing of the map of power, including a big shift in economic power; the globalization of problems, not least terrorism and climate change; and increasingly fluid forms of identity and the rapid circulation and potency of new ideas. Taken together, these mean that we are in a new world. All three demand matching responses.”
2010-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 65 (2010)