YouSaid · the spoken record

ALATAS

lines on the record: 200
first: 1989-09-24
most recent: 1995-09-24
sittings or episodes: 5
sources: un-general-debate

Every line below is reproduced as it was said and linked to the record it came from. Nothing here is summarised or generated. Directory · Search · Corrections

“Indonesia wishes to pay a tribute to His Majesty King Norodom Sihanouk for his visionary leadership in achieving this historic watershed in Cambodia’s history, in unifying the Cambodian people and in bringing about national reconciliation. My delegation would like to express its gratitude to the Secretary-General and his Special Representative, Mr. Yasushi Akashi, for their contributions to a just and comprehensive settlement of the Cambodian question. We also pay special homage to all UNTAC personnel and volunteers who sacrificed their lives in the performance of their mission to bring peace to Cambodia.”
1993-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 48 (1993)
“And just a few days ago, the Government and people of Indonesia shared the sense of joy and deep satisfaction at the official inauguration of His Majesty King Norodom Sihanouk Varman as Head of State, and the formation of the new Government of Cambodia. We all realize, however, that even after the expiry of UNTAC’s mandate and the installation of the new Cambodian Government, the United Nations and the international community should continue to support the people of Cambodia in the reconstruction of their country. Indonesia, together with the Association of South-East Asian Nations (ASEAN), stands ready to contribute its share to this effort.”
1993-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 48 (1993)
“In a historic step towards ending decades of oppression and the evil of apartheid, the multi-party negotiating forum has scheduled 27 April 1994 as the date for the nation’s first democratic elections leading towards the establishment of a unified, democratic and non-racial South Africa. In Cambodia, in spite of the myriad difficulties it encountered, the peace process has now successfully completed the final stage of implementation of the Paris Agreements. We have wholeheartedly welcomed and endorsed the outcome of the elections conducted under the auspices of the United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC). We have also welcomed the completion of the work of the elected Constituent Assembly with the promulgation of a new democratic constitution establishing a constitutional monarchy.”
1993-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 48 (1993)
“In Somalia, it is gratifying to note that normalcy has been restored in the greater part of the country and that the overall situation has undergone a major transformation. But chaos and anarchy continue to persist, especially in Mogadishu; this has imperiled the success of concerted international efforts to establish a stable and secure environment. We therefore sincerely hope that the leaders of Somalia will expeditiously seek to agree on viable transitional arrangements leading to political reconciliation and to the establishment of a broad-based government. In South Africa, it is heartening to note the determined efforts by the leaders of the majority to engage in peaceful dialogue and negotiations with the minority Government.”
1993-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 48 (1993)
“We cannot but view these developments as representing a blatant case of negotiation under duress and of enforcing peace without justice that may well lead to continuing violence, human suffering and a lack of security. The force of law should not be surrendered to the law of force. "Ethnic cleansing" should not be rewarded, and we should beware of establishing dangerous precedents that will haunt Forty-eighth session - 1 October l993 27 the international community in the future and in other regions of the world. My Government, therefore, will continue to give its full support to the Government and the people of Bosnia and Herzegovina in their legitimate struggle to attain a just and viable settlement, with adequate international guarantees as to the political and territorial integrity of the country.”
1993-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 48 (1993)
“Under threat of a continuation of the unequal war, Bosnia today is being coerced into accepting a settlement that would partition its territory along ethnic lines and would practically reduce Bosnia to a cluster of small, incontiguous, landlocked and perpetually vulnerable Muslim enclaves within a so-called union of the republics of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Having initially steadfastly opposed this ethnic partition, its Government under President Izetbegovic has now reluctantly agreed to such a division. However, President Izetbegovic has done so conditionally, as part of a comprehensive agreement that would ensure the legitimate interests of Bosnia and Herzegovina in terms of its basic territorial, economic and security needs, as well as with regard to secure access to the sea and between the Republic’s component parts.”
1993-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 48 (1993)
“The Security Council failed to stop aggression and the abhorrent practice of "ethnic cleansing" because it was unable to defend Bosnia’s sovereignty and territorial integrity while preventing the Bosnians from defending themselves by refusing to lift an ill-conceived arms embargo; as a result, two-thirds of Bosnian territory has now come under Serbian and Croatian occupation. This refusal to allow Bosnia to defend itself and to protect its people from being slaughtered cannot but be regarded as a denial of the right to self-defence under the Charter.”
1993-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 48 (1993)
“Equally, we call upon Israel to withdraw from all illegally occupied Palestinian and Arab lands, including Jerusalem, the Syrian Golan Heights and southern Lebanon. In the tragedy that has engulfed Bosnia and Herzegovina, the international community is faced with the abysmally disturbing prospect of the forcible dismantling of a multi-ethnic, multi-cultural and multi-religious society, the brutal decimation of its people and the gradual diminution of the territory of an independent and sovereign Member State of the United Nations.”
1993-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 48 (1993)
“Although the significance of these developments cannot be overemphasized, we in Indonesia are aware that obstacles and ambiguities still abound on the long and arduous road towards a just and comprehensive settlement. Above all, the scrupulous implementation of everything that has been agreed upon will be of crucial importance. Hence, there is an obvious need for the United Nations to play an active and effective role throughout the ongoing peace process. Indonesia reiterates its unflinching support for the struggle of the Palestinian people, under the leadership of the PLO, to secure their inalienable rights to self-determination, full sovereignty and independence in their own homeland.”
1993-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 48 (1993)
“It is also clearly understood that these first steps on the Palestinian question are an integral and non-prejudicial part of the entire peace process, which envisages a transitional period not to exceed five years and continuing negotiations leading to a permanent settlement based on Security Council resolutions 242 (1967) and 338 (1973) in particular. We applaud the fact that, with the implementation of these arrangements, almost half a century of Arab-Israeli confrontation and Israeli occupation of Palestine will finally be coming to an end, and that the national and political identity of the Palestinians will at last be universally and irrevocably recognized.”
1993-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 48 (1993)
“Indonesia has welcomed the signing of the Declaration of Principles on Palestinian interim self-government arrangements in the occupied territories as a historic breakthrough in efforts to put an end to decades of armed conflict and confrontation and to achieve a just, lasting and comprehensive settlement. My Government has equally welcomed the agreement on a common agenda in the context of the Jordan-Israeli peace negotiations, as well as the act of mutual recognition by the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) and Israel.”
1993-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 48 (1993)
“They should join the Council on the basis of a combination of appropriate criteria that would adequately reflect the political, economic and demographic realities of the world today in Asia, Africa and Latin America. Such a judicious approach, in addition to one based solely on equitable geographic distribution, would enhance not only the Council’s representative character but also its moral authority and practical effectiveness. The peace process in the Middle East has finally overcome the paralysis that has gripped it over the past 10 negotiating sessions.”
1993-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 48 (1993)
“But despite the fact that more than a quarter of a century has elapsed, during which the membership of the 26 General Assembly - Forty-eighth session United Nations has increased to 183, there has been no proportionate increase in the Council’s membership. A serious review and reappraisal of the Council’s membership is necessary to ensure a more equitable and balanced representation. An expansion of the Council would strengthen it, making it more responsive and relevant to prevailing geopolitical realities and more open to the participation of small and medium-sized States, which constitute the majority in our Organization. Indonesia is also firmly of the view that an increase in membership of the Council should allow for new members which, if they are not to be given the veto power, should at least serve as permanent members.”
1993-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 48 (1993)
“Furthermore, Indonesia believes that restructuring and reform of the Security Council have become imperative in the light of the profound changes that have taken place on the international scene. We realize, however, that such a process should be carried out with caution and circumspection as it impinges upon some of the fundamental aspects of the Organization’s purposes and functions. In 1946, the United Nations had 51 Members, six of which were non-permanent members of the Security Council. In 1965, when the membership had grown to 113, there was a corresponding increase in the non-permanent membership to 10.”
1993-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 48 (1993)
“Along with all the non-aligned countries, Indonesia holds that balance is essential in the relationship between the General Assembly, the Security Council and the Secretary-General, in conformity with their respective mandates as enshrined in the Charter. Indonesia and the other non-aligned countries have therefore done their utmost to contribute to the consultations leading to the adoption of General Assembly resolutions 47/120 A and 47/120 B on "An Agenda for Peace". The Non-Aligned Movement will continue to contribute to the ongoing consultations on the other aspects of the "Agenda for Peace" and on the rationalization of the Committee structures of the General Assembly in order to enhance its efficiency and effectiveness.”
1993-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 48 (1993)
“It is a matter of grave concern that while the United Nations is called upon to shoulder ever-expanding responsibilities in the face of these new challenges, it is at the same time shackled by a deepening financial crisis. If this perennial financial crisis is not quickly resolved, the consequences could be catastrophic for the international community and all its aspirations to peace and development. It is Indonesia’s ardent desire that the United Nations should become fully effective as the central instrument for a new and revitalized international order. Steps must therefore be taken to ensure not only the financial viability of our Organization, but also its fidelity to the dynamics of democracy which demand the fullest participation and engagement of all Members in the work of the Organization.”
1993-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 48 (1993)
“These problems and trends have also caused the disintegration of States and societies, which stands in poignant contrast to the integrative trends, based on growing interdependence, which at the same time have led to the coalescence of States into larger groupings for common economic and political benefits. Moreover, peace and security cannot be sustained unless the very concept of security itself is expanded to embrace such non-military threats as structural underdevelopment and mass poverty, acute resource scarcity and severe environmental degradation, which together with prolonged natural disasters conjure up the looming spectre of massive and uncontrollable cross-border migrations.”
1993-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 48 (1993)
“But we should realize that these opportunities are fragile and fleeting in nature and, if not resolutely grasped, may soon be overwhelmed by the plethora of new problems and adverse trends simultaneously emerging on the world scene. Persistent conflict and violence, both between and within States; the virulent resurgence of ethnic strife, both ancient and recent; the menacing rise in religious intolerance; new forms of racism and narrowly conceived nationalism; and the alarming resort to terrorism and blatant aggression: all these combine to obstruct the building of a more peaceful, secure, just and tolerant world.”
1993-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 48 (1993)
“Another heartening development is the growing prominence of regional dialogues on security. The Regional Forum of the Association of South-East Asian Nations (ASEAN), for one, will afford the ASEAN member States and other South-East Asian nations, as well as the extra-regional Powers, a regular opportunity to exchange views and consult on security issues of common concern.As is pointed out in the Secretary-General’s report, "An Agenda for Peace", such regional action for peace and security, as a matter of decentralization, delegation and cooperation with the United Nations could contribute to a deeper sense of participation, consensus and democratization in international affairs. These encouraging trends and developments offer unprecedented opportunities for enhanced international cooperation for peace and development.”
1993-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 48 (1993)
“It is indeed of critical importance that steps be taken towards the expeditious conclusion of a comprehensive test-ban treaty, for without it our efforts to extend the Non-Proliferation Treaty at its forthcoming 1995 Review Conference may well be in jeopardy. As the threat of nuclear confrontation between the major nuclear Powers has receded, the dangers of nuclear proliferation now appear to be their major preoccupation. But, surely, the issue of non-proliferation should be addressed in both its horizontal and vertical aspects. It is for this reason that Indonesia has unceasingly stressed the urgent need for a comprehensive nuclear-test ban as the litmus test of our sincerity in securing non-proliferation, apart from the necessity for States to submit themselves to the safeguards of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA).”
1993-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 48 (1993)
“There it was resolved that the pursuit of a comprehensive nuclear-test ban now taking place in the Amendment Conference and the Conference on Disarmament should be mutually supportive and complementary. We have also welcomed recent positive developments concerning nuclear testing, particularly the de facto moratoriums on nuclear tests observed by the nuclear-weapon States and their renewed commitment to work towards a comprehensive test ban. Especially laudable were the decision of the United States to extend the moratorium on nuclear tests until 1994, the commitment of France not to be the first to resume testing, and the declaration by the Russian Federation of its Forty-eighth session - 1 October l993 25 refusal to resume testing even if others did. We hope and expect that China will wish to do likewise.”
1993-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 48 (1993)
“Scenarios of deterrence have become irrelevant, while strategic premises that once guided nuclear-arms control and disarmament efforts have lost their validity. This quantum change has occasioned other encouraging developments. The successful conclusion of START II between the United States and the Russian Federation has significantly reduced the world’s two biggest nuclear arsenals. Last January more than 130 countries signed the Convention for the elimination of chemical weapons, thus proscribing the military use of these instruments of death and mass destruction. Last month, as we observed the thirtieth anniversary of the signing of the partial test-ban Treaty, I was privileged to preside over the special meeting of the States Parties to the Treaty in the context of the Treaty’s Amendment Conference.”
1993-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 48 (1993)
“And in the Gulf region, there has been demarcation of the land border between Iraq and Kuwait, under the auspices of the United Nations, which we hope will be a further contribution to the improvement of the political and security environment in that region. Recent developments have brought about a distinct improvement in the overall political climate in the Asia-Pacific region as well. Relations between countries that were once at odds with each other have normalized and are being continually enhanced. In Cambodia the final phase of the peace process based on the Paris Agreements has been consummated and has led to the rebirth of a revitalized and democratic Cambodia. With the dissipation of the East-West confrontation, questions relating to disarmament and security have acquired a totally new dimension.”
1993-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 48 (1993)
“A 29, "Don’t Make the U.N.’s Job Harder") In South Africa the new round of negotiations which began last April has now yielded agreement on the establishment of a multiracial Transitional Executive Council and is progressing towards democratic elections early next year. Elsewhere in Africa, despite formidable difficulties and obstacles, practical frameworks for the resolution of issues have begun to take shape. In Latin America we are gratified to see an end to conflicts and the strengthening of security as well as political, economic and social development. In the Middle East a historic breakthrough has been achieved in the Arab-Israeli peace process.”
1993-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 48 (1993)
“Better prospects have emerged for substantive progress towards solutions to many regional problems long considered to be intractable. In this context, fruitful cooperation has been established between the United Nations and various regional organizations, which have acted as partners in facilitating the peaceful resolution of conflicts. I therefore wholeheartedly agreed with our Secretary-General when he recently observed that multilateralism today is working more effectively than ever, as it should, for in essence "Multilateralism is the democracy of international society." (The New York Times, 20 August 1993, p.”
1993-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 48 (1993)
“As the rigidities of the bipolar world have dissolved, earlier expectations for the emergence of a new world order have now given way to the sober realization that, instead, a new world disorder will be with us for quite some time - a disorder characterized by continuing turbulence, instability and unpredictability and offering an often perplexing panorama of mutually contradictory phenomena and processes. The end of the cold war has led to a new climate in international relations and a number of encouraging trends and developments. Renewed confidence in multilateralism as a viable approach to the resolution of the crucial issues of our time has opened up vast new opportunities for the United Nations and a more positive phase in international cooperation.”
1993-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 48 (1993)
“24 General Assembly - Forty-eighth session On behalf of the Government and people of Indonesia, I extend a warm welcome to the Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic as well as to Macedonia, Eritrea, Monaco and Andorra upon their accession to membership of the United Nations. We look forward to closely cooperating with them. Before proceeding, I should like to convey Indonesia’s profound sympathy and solidarity with the Government and people of India in the wake of the massive human suffering and destruction visited upon them by the recent devastating earthquake. This forty-eighth session of the General Assembly is convened at a time of sweeping global change and transition such as has rarely been experienced in modern history. It has given rise to revived hopes and new opportunities as well as to new risks and uncertainties.”
1993-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 48 (1993)
“Let me first offer my delegation’s congratulations to Ambassador Insanally of Guyana on his election as President of the General Assembly at its forty-eighth session. His elevation to this high office is a fitting tribute to his personal qualities and record of distinguished service to his Government and to the international community. We are confident that under his able guidance we will achieve substantive results in our work. I also wish to express our deep appreciation to his predecessor, Mr. Stoyan Ganev of Bulgaria, for the dedicated manner in which he presided over our deliberations during the last session.”
1993-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 48 (1993)
“The reforms he has instituted and the many proposals ha has made on the restructuring of the role and functioning of the United Nations system provide us with a visionary and, at the same time, practicable blueprint for the dynamic adaptation of this world body to the requisites of a rapidly changing world. It is now for us fully to utilize the inherent potential of the Organization in collectively promoting our shared aspirations for a just peace, common security and equitable prosperity for all.”
1991-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 46 (1991)
“Javier Perez de Cuellar, for the wisdom, dedication and consummate skill with which he has guided the work of the Organization during the past decade. In a world of constant turmoil and conflict, he has steered the Organization towards becoming the central point for conciliation and concordance. In laying the groundwork and in sustaining efforts towards finding peaceful and just solutions to the various conflict situations around the globe, much of the credit should go to the United Nations and to the Secretary-General. Rather than the alarming erosion evident when the Secretary-General first assumed office, we now witness a robust renewal of faith in the role of the United Nations as the unique, multilateral framework for a new, revitalised international order.”
1991-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 46 (1991)
“If Member States continue to use this forum to pursue narrowly conceived interests rather than utilise it as a collective instrument to solve global problems and achieve shared goals and if the nations of the world continue to be torn by conflict and afflicted by mutual mistrust, intolerance and prejudice, then the international bodies they set up can hardly be expected to rise above these shortcomings. Viewed from this perspective, perhaps the more relevant observation to make about the achievements of the United Nations so far is not that it has failed to realize so many of its stated objectives but that, despite inherent limitations, it has nevertheless accomplished so much. It is also in this light that I should like to take this opportunity to express Indonesia's profound appreciation and indebtedness to our Secretary-General, Mr.”
1991-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 46 (1991)
“At the same time, the authority and role of the Economic and Social Council should continue to be strengthened so as to enable it to perform the function originally envisaged by the Charter, namely, to provide overall direction and guidance to Member States and the relevant bodies and agencies within the United Nations system within the framework of its task of policy formulation and coordination in the economic and social fields. It is undeniable, however, that all efforts to enhance the role and improve the functioning of the United Nations will come to naught unless underpinned by the commensurate commitment and support, including financial support, of all Member States. The United Nations can only be as effective as its Members will allow it to be and can only succeed if its Members are committed to make it succeed.”
1991-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 46 (1991)
“A number of proposals have also been made with regard to the functions of the Secretary-General, in particular for a more active role In monitoring and in bringing potentially dangerous situations to the attention of the Security Council within the framework of Article 99 of the Charter. For this purpose, it is widely felt that the Secretary-General should be provided with an improved capacity for gathering timely, accurate and unbiased information.”
1991-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 46 (1991)
“Towards this end, the Security Council should be given a broadened mandate and an enlarged agenda so as to enable it to deal with non-military threats to peace and security as well. In addition, the Security Council, in cooperation with the Secretary-General, should develop a capacity for preventive, or anticipatory, diplomacy. In this respect, the Council could convene periodic meetings at a high political level to survey the world scene, identify potential conflict situations and initiate discussions and measures before such situations reach the point of crisis or armed conflict. There is also a widespread feeling that there should be closer coordination and synchronization of actions between the Council and the General Assembly on issues affecting the fundamental interests of the entire international community.”
1991-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 46 (1991)
“Within the United Nations itself, a number of reforms have already been implemented with a view to improving soma of its structures and procedures. It is clear, however, that more needs to be done if we are to make the United Nations the main instrument of global governance in the new era in international relations that is emerging. The improved relations between the major Powers, as manifested in, inter-alia, the new cooperative spirit among the permanent members of the Security Council, present us with a timely opportunity to reconstruct the Charter concept of collective action for peace and security and to fashion it into a workable and effective system of collective security.”
1991-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 46 (1991)
“The idea of convening a world summit for social development therefore merits our serious consideration: it not only would elevate such important issues to the centre of world attention, but would also allow socio-economic questions to be addressed comprehensively. Efforts at reforming the United Nations have been going on from the very first years after its inception, but, more recently, in the new post-cold-war climate, there has been a marked resurgence of interest among the international community in making the world body more affective and more democratic in performing its central functions and in fulfilling the original purposes for which it was created. In this connection, many proposals have been put forward by eminent experts on the subject as well as by various non-governmental organisations.”
1991-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 46 (1991)
“Internationally, and as a member of the Commission on Human Rights, Indonesia will continue to work vigorously to ensure that human rights are promoted and protected on the basis of universality, objectivity, indivisibility and non-selectivity. Drug abuse and illicit trafficking in narcotics, both symptoms and causes of social degeneration, also remain items of major concern on national and international agendas. A global solution based on multilateral cooperation is now emerging. However, problems of drug abuse and other criminal activity will continue to thrive in an environment of socio-economic neglect and stagnation. In the long term, it is development that offers the hope of successfully addressing social concerns and the opportunity to do so.”
1991-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 46 (1991)
“penultimate paragraph) I therefore believe that in the promotion and protection of human rights the basic aim should be to cooperate in raising a common consciousness in the International community and to encourage Improvements in the observance and protection of these rights, rather than to accuse, to sermonise or to engage in politically motivated campaigns. Me should not try to remake the world in our own image, but together we can make the world a more humane, peaceful and equitably prosperous place for all. Indonesia has consistently endeavoured to adhere to the humanitarian precepts and fundamental human rights and freedoms as embodied in its State philosophy, the Pancasila. its 1945 Constitution, its relevant national laws and regulations, and its age-old culture.”
1991-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 46 (1991)
“I fully concur with the view of the Secretary-General, as stated in his annual report that: "the principle of non-interference with the essential jurisdiction of States cannot be regarded as a protective barrier behind which human rights could be massively or systematically violated with impunity". (A/ 46/1 p. 10 second paragraph) But, as he also observes in the same report, "maximum caution needs to be exercised lest the defence of human rights becomes a platform for encroaching on the essential domestic jurisdiction of States and eroding their sovereignty. Nothing would be a surer prescription for anarchy than an abuse of this principle". (Ibid., p. 10.”
1991-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 46 (1991)
“However, it is also commonly agreed that their implementation in the national context should remain the competence and responsibility of each government, while taking into account the complex variety of problems, of diverse value systems and of the different economic, social and cultural realities prevailing in each country. This national competence not only derives from the principle of sovereignty, but is also a logical consequence of the inherent right of nations to their national and cultural identity and to determine their own social and economic systems.”
1991-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 46 (1991)
“Hence, human rights are indivisible and interrelated, and precisely because human rights are indivisible exclusive emphasis on one category over another cannot be justified. Assessments of the human rights performance of individual States can be made objectively only if all categories are taken into account. Moreover, indivisibility also implies the need for a balanced relationship between the rights of the individual and those of society, or, put differently, the obligations of individuals to their community or society. Such a balance is critical, for its absence can land to a denial of the rights of the society as a whole and, indeed, can lead to instability and anarchy. Basic human rights and fundamental freedoms are unquestionably of universal validity.”
1991-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 46 (1991)
“Since 1948, with the adoption of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the Organization has developed a growing corpus of covenants, conventions and other instruments which constitute an international bill of human rights and, in the process, commonly agreed conceptual perceptions, principles and procedures have emerged. As we all know, two broad categories of human rights can be discerned, namely, civil and political rights, and economic, social and cultural rights. These in turn relate to the rights of the individual and the rights of the community, the society or the nation. The promotion and protection of all these categories of human rights is essential for the full realisation of human dignity and for the attainment of the legitimate aspirations of the individual as well as those of society as a whole.”
1991-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 46 (1991)
“Hence, in pursuing sustainable forest management that would allow for both their preservation and their economic utilisation, a global cooperative framework needs to be developed. We trust that the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development in Brazil next year will indeed adopt a comprehensive and balanced approach in addressing the broad spectrum of issues on its agenda, including those on climatic change and on hazardous and toxic wastes. The protection of human rights has of late also become a subject of heightened International attention and concern. But the subject of human rights is, of course, not a new issue.”
1991-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 46 (1991)
“It is now being commonly acknowledged that past and present patterns of development in the industrialized countries have been a major cause of damage to the environment. On the other hand, for the developing countries, overcoming the problems of poverty and population pressures will be essential if they are to pursue environmentally sound and sustainable development. Indonesia deems it a blessing to be the custodian of vast, rich tropical forests, but at the same time it recognises its special responsibility. Indeed, we are doing our utmost, within our limited material and technological capabilities, to guard against their depletion and to preserve their diverse biological wealth. Ma should note, however, that not only tropical forests but also, for differing reasons, boreal and temperate forests are seriously threatened.”
1991-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 46 (1991)
“Indonesia, which has always been fully supportive of the pressing need for environmental protection, believes that in this undertaking a balanced approach should be maintained. As an issue affecting the entire international community, it is imperative that environmental problems be addressed on the basis of equitably shared responsibility of all countries and that the issue not become a new bone of contention between the North and the South. Neither should it be made an added condition for cooperation in development. This calls for an unprecedented level of both national efforts and international cooperation, including the provision of additional financial resources and access to environmentally sound technologies to the developing countries. Paradoxically, both affluence and poverty have contributed to environmental degradation.”
1991-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 46 (1991)
“Indonesia remains convinced that, despite the wide diversity in levels of economic development, needs and concerns, both the North and the South share a real and quantifiable interest in seeking open and equitable trading and monetary systems; In achieving stable primary-commodity markets at prices remunerative to producers and fair to consumers) in obtaining a comprehensive and durable solution to the debt crisis based on a development oriented approach; and in ensuring sustainable development through effective international cooperation in environmental protection. The threat of irreversible environmental destruction and the resulting impact on mankind's well-being and on development have become a major global concern.”
1991-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 46 (1991)
“But if we have learned from the frustrating experiences and the causes of prolonged stalemate in the past, such a reactivated dialogue should not any longer be cast in terms of "demands" on the part of the developing countries or mis-perceived as "charity" on the part of the advanced countries. Rather, it should be based on the imperatives of genuine interdependence, mutuality of interest and mutual benefit.”
1991-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 46 (1991)
“In the light of these realities, the need to forge a new global consensus and commitment to strengthen international cooperation, and especially to revitalise the economic growth and development of the developing countries, assumes poignant urgency. The sustained economic progress of the North is not possible without the economic growth of the South, for the fate and fortunes of both are now inextricably intertwined. Durable peace cannot be built solely or primarily on the strength of weapons, but should be rooted in the solid bedrock of economic progress and social justice, both among and within nations. Neither can it be constructed on the shifting sands of uncertainty. It is also obvious that the need to reactivate the North-South dialogue has now become more pressing than ever.”
1991-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 46 (1991)
“It is now also being recognized that the dramatic transformations in the Central and Eastern European economies and the formation of powerful economic groupings among developed countries could have both positive and negative effects on the growth prospects of developing countries. Thus, the elements of uncertainty and unpredictability in world economic developments tend to become even more pronounced. These adverse developments, coming on top of the crippling legacy of the decade of the 1980s from which most developing countries have yet to recover, have Inevitably compounded the difficulties and dilemmas confronting the developing countries, Of especially grave concern in this context is the continuing critical situation in Africa, where the economic and social deprivations of millions cry out for concerted action.”
1991-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 46 (1991)
“The Uruguay Round, at its supposedly final meeting in Brussels in December of last year, utterly failed to arrive at a successful conclusion, thus portending increased protectionism and the continuation of severe imbalances and constraints in relations between the industrialised and the developing countries. Increasing globalisation and the rapid advances in science and technology that are drastically altering the patterns of world production and economic and financial interchange indeed offer greater possibilities for common progress. Yet, at the same time they may well have a negative impact on the position of developing countries in terms of comparative advantage, in terms of trade and in terms of the international division of labour.”
1991-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 46 (1991)