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1960-09-24

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1971-09-24

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un-general-debate

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1. “The Liberian delegation believes that the comments made by U Thant, which may have influenced his decision, should be inquired into by the Assembly. Let us seek to resolve and remove the causes of his reluctance; for, unless we do this, whether he remains as Secretary-General or another replaces him, we shall be confronted with the same obstacles which have retarded the growth and effectiveness of the Organization and which will continue to do so, if our only effort to remove them remains in the realm of speeches and oratory. 5. Much depends on the success and future of the United Nations. International peace and security depend on it. The whole future of the human race may well depend on it. The United Nations may be the Organization on which humanity’s hope for survival hinges. If it fails, then all of us have failed.”

   1966-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 21 (1966)

2. “When the Secretary-General declared that he would leave the Security Council unfettered in its recommendation on the choice of his successor, he expressed grave concern about the lack of universality in the Organization, the war in Viet-Nam, and the financial situation of the United Nations resulting from the lack of agreement on the financing of future peace-keeping operations [see A/6400]. He has also raised questions about the effectiveness of the Secretary-General’s role if his functions are to be as limited as they are now. As all delegations have more or less expressed their desire to see U Thant remain as Secretary-General, I should like to emphasize here and now that, in my opinion, it is not enough merely to implore and entreat him to accept another term.”

   1966-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 21 (1966)

3. “When one considers the circumstances under which he became Secretary-General and the zeal and devotion with which he has attended to his multifarious duties, we cannot but compliment ourselves on the choice that was made. Because we view his term of office with great satisfaction and pride, my delegation salutes U Thant and hopes that he can be persuaded to accept another term so that his accumulated experience, skill, ability and tact can continue to be brought to bear on the vital and important issues. 4.”

   1966-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 21 (1966)

4. “Many times before we have expressed apprehensions about unsolved problems in Asia which trouble us because of the prospects for peace; and about the deteriorating situation in the southern part of Africa, especially in view of its racial overtones, which has caused disenchantment and bewilderment. These unresolved problems threaten the future of this Organization and are a growing menace to the peace of the world and the very survival of mankind. 3. Added to these problems is the fact that our very efficient, able and dedicated Secretary-General, U Thant, who has so faithfully and loyally served the Organization over the last five years and worked earnestly, ceaselessly and untiringly for the cause of world peace, has decided not to offer himself for another term.”

   1966-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 21 (1966)

5. “1. The Liberian delegation notes with much satisfaction the recently declared independence of Botswana and Lesotho, formerly the colonial territories of Bechuanaland and Basutoland, which we hope will soon become Members of the United Nations. My delegation is also happy that Indonesia, one of the most populous countries in Asia, has resumed its activities in the United Nations after a brief absence. All this should contribute to the progress, albeit slow, being made toward the eventual universality of our Organization. 2. The twenty-first session of the General Assembly meets at a time of increased political tension and in an atmosphere tinged with anxiety.”

   1966-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 21 (1966)

6. “Who was not moved to a new reflection on the fate of this Organization when His Holiness Pope Paul VI, speaking in a similar vein as the President of Liberia, said: "The building you have made must never again fall in ruins; it must be perfected and conformed to the demands world history will make" [1347th meeting, para. 26]. 58. In spite of present difficulties, let us all pledge ourselves anew to the fulfilment of the ideals of the United Nations. Let us try to bring an end to war for all time. Let us resolve to find solutions to the new problems and tensions which progress has brought in its trail. 59. This is a great task. It is a challenging one, but we must meet it for the sake of mankind.”

   1965-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 20 (1965)

7. “The President of Liberia, speaking in Monrovia on 2 October 1965 about the world situation and his anxieties, declared: “Recognizing the ever-present danger of anarchy and destruction, I call today for Liberia and Liberians, for Africa and Africans, and for all nations and peoples who fervently seek peace to join in demanding a rebirth of influence, confidence, authority and effectiveness for the United Nations because it remains the best, indeed the only, instrument in our hands potentially capable of eradicating war and all its terrors. ”To the nations for which the United Nations is the best protection, we must ask: 'Do we want the United Nations or do we want nothing?' Because if we do not support and insist upon the support of others for this sole instrument for peace, we will one day have nothing." 57.”

   1965-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 20 (1965)

8. “There must remain our mutual interest to maintain international peace and security. Whatever the problems that have led to the present, the challenge of today is that we make honest efforts to find suitable solutions that will strengthen and not weaken the Organization and that will also make it better able to fulfil its functions. 56.”

   1965-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 20 (1965)

9. “It was felt that this Organization would maintain international peace and security and that man’s efforts would be directed toward more wholesome pursuits such as the development of human and natural resources, social progress, justice and a better life for all. Thus the Preamble to our Charter reflected a great ideal. 54. These hopes have been shaken. The past year has been one of protracted and painful crisis for this Organization. Nor is our ordeal at an end, although today the Assembly is once more functioning normally, for we are still weakened by the burden of debt which somehow must be lifted before our full vigour and vitality can return. 55. Over the past years this Organization has had some successes and some failures. If for selfish reasons we permit it to be destroyed, we should consider the terrifying alternative.”

   1965-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 20 (1965)

10. “As an indication of our support for the United Nations and our interest in the solution of the present financial crisis, my Government has made a voluntary contribution without conditions. 52. We are all celebrating International Co-operation Year. Our goal was to educate our people, particularly those of tender school age, in understanding the aims and values of this Organization as well as its achievements and shortcomings over the past two decades. We sought to stress what international co-operation means and how it should work among nations in order that we might improve our world. 53. It was just over twenty years ago that World War II, the most devastating war in history, ended with the use of nuclear weapons. After all the destruction of life and property, hopes were raised by the creation of the United Nations.”

    1965-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 20 (1965)

11. “My delegation will therefore support this measure. 50. My Government has always stated as its position that peace-keeping operations are an important function of the United Nations and should be a collective responsibility of all Member States. It now appears that the big Powers and those smaller ones which they actively support will select those peacekeeping operations for which they will pay. This is unfortunate, in our opinion, but it appears to have been the only possible solution in this situation. Now the United Nations will have to work out guidelines between the primary responsibilities of the Security Council for the maintenance of international peace and security and the residual responsibilities of the General Assembly. In this connexion the proposal of Ireland [A/5966/Rev.2] should be given careful consideration. 51.”

    1965-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 20 (1965)

12. “That is why we still hope that developing countries will undertake policies that will increase income from the exports of primary commodities and enable us to earn our way. The long-range interests of all countries will benefit by this. 48. The developed countries must not forget that gem of wisdom spoken over a hundred years ago by the great American President Abraham Lincoln. He said: "While man exists it is his duty to improve not only his own condition, but to assist in ameliorating mankind". 49. The Economic and Social Council has concurred in the view that there should be a consolidation of the Special Fund and the Expanded Programme of Technical Assistance. The reasons given for this, such as streamlining activities, moulding over-all planning, co-ordinating the programmes, are indeed genuine and would make for greater efficiency.”

    1965-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 20 (1965)

13. “The Secretary-General, in a report submitted to the Economic and Social Council in June 1965, revealed that the rate of expansion of economic structures continued to be slow and that international aid to developing countries had "virtually ceased to increase", while the population explosion calls for urgent action. Thus it appears the developing world would get poorer in the second half of the Development Decade unless governmental policies aimed at perfecting education, public health, and such other services were implemented and action could be taken to decrease the birth-rate, increase long-term investments, and so forth. 47. With a majority of people in the world living in substandard conditions, the economic picture here looks bleak for developing countries.”

    1965-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 20 (1965)

14. “When all service and dividend payments on both public debt and private investment are taken into account, the backflow from the developing countries offsets about half the entire gross capital inflow which these countries receive from all sources. Unless a major part of this existing gap is bridged on very easy terms, I believe that what lies ahead is an inevitable and a heart-breaking slowdown in economic development and even in international trade." 45. Moreover, there seems to be a tendency towards hardening the terms on which aid is given. These facts are bound to have an adverse effect on the steady economic growth of developing countries. 46.”

    1965-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 20 (1965)

15. “The Development Decade aimed at a growth rate of 5 per cent in the developing countries by 1970. It is reported to have declined slightly. The aid being offered by donor countries has levelled off, while the developing countries have greater capacity to make worthwhile use of more aid. 44. Commenting on this in Paris recently, Mr. George Woods, President of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, declared: "The present levels of debt service are dangerously high. They mean that a good deal of the proceeds of new loans must be devoted to servicing previously contracted obligation, rather than being invested in new productive development.”

    1965-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 20 (1965)

16. “My delegation hopes that when the Security Council takes up this question in the near future it will no longer indulge in casuistry or pyrotechnics, nor hesitate to take forthright action. 41. One of the important achievements of the nineteenth session of the General Assembly was the establishment of the, United Nations Conference on Trade and Development as a permanent organ of the Assembly to be convened at three-year intervals. It will promote concrete action in the field of trade and of trade in relation to development. 42. This could prove to have been a significant decision, coming at the mid-point of the United Nations Development Decade, especially as we are far from achieving its objectives. In addition, the economic situation for developing countries seems to be deteriorating, not improving. 43.”

    1965-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 20 (1965)

17. “The report states the conclusion that there were, several areas of vulnerability in the South African economy and that the degree of effectiveness of economic measures would depend directly on the universality of application and on the manner and duration of enforcement. Thus South Africa’s economy could be seriously affected by a total trade embargo and an interdiction of communications. There was discussion about the creation of adequate machinery to ensure that measures decided upon would not be circumvented by States and individuals. 39. These conclusions are not dissimilar to those reached at the International Conference on Economic Sanctions against South Africa, held in London in April 1964. 40. This problem is a serious one and has continued for so long that positive action is necessary for trying to get a final solution.”

    1965-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 20 (1965)

18. “The Security Council’s Group of Experts last year stated in its report that the future of South Africa should be settled by all the people; that continuation of the present position would lead to violent conflict and tragedy for all the people of South Africa; and that efforts should be directed towards the establishment of a national convention representative of the entire people to establish a new future for that country. The experts also stated that if South Africa did not accept these recommendations total sanctions represented the only recourse. 37. Apparently unwilling to take such an important step without proper study as to its effectiveness, the Security Council created an Expert Committee composed of the 1964 members of the Council which has now submitted its report. It will come up shortly before the Security Council. 38.”

    1965-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 20 (1965)

19. “The evidence is not lacking that the African population is being reluctantly but inevitably driven to adopt violence as a solution to its desperate plight in the face of repressive laws. 35. If we are to fulfil in good faith our obligation solemnly assumed under the Charter to promote and encourage: "respect for human rights and for fundamental freedoms for all without distinction as to race, sex, language, or religion", then we must act resolutely to prevent one Member nation from flouting its obligation and from acting in contemptuous defiance of all its decisions and recommendations. 36.”

    1965-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 20 (1965)

20. “Such a pernicious practice has been unheard of. 32. Unfortunately, the Organization has been unable up to the present, despite the words of nearly all its Members, to take the necessary bold and forceful action to reverse the trend in South Africa. World order and peace will never be built on such gross injustice. It is foolhardy to think otherwise. 33. While there have been several authoritarian régimes in the recent past which were guilty of degrees of tyranny, it is only the régime in South Africa which stands convicted over and over again of establishing and operating that most odious and degenerate form of tyranny — one based on racism. 34. Apartheid is not only morally repulsive. It is a clear and mounting threat to world peace and as such amply fulfils the requirements for the application of sanctions.”

    1965-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 20 (1965)

21. “In Aden today action is being taken by the United Kingdom Government to counter rebellion against constitutional authority. 30. One wonders then if this statement in advance by the United Kingdom Government was not intended to give the minority Government a freer hand in permitting it to make just such a declaration. An explanation would be interesting. In any case, let us remember that a real solution may be found if the properly expressed will of the majority is accepted. 31. The unprincipled and vicious policy of apartheid continues to be pursued by the Government of South Africa without shame, without compunction and with much obstinacy. This policy violates the principles of the Charter of the United Nations and denies the majority of the population basic and fundamental rights through a carefully prepared scheme of laws.”

    1965-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 20 (1965)

22. “It is well known that these requests have not been fulfilled. 28. It is very difficult for us in Africa to understand the position of the United Kingdom Government. On 25 October 1964, Prime Minister Harold Wilson issued a forceful statement of his Government’s position on Rhodesia. In concluding that statement he stressed: "... A declaration of independence would be an open act of defiance and rebellion and it would be treasonable to give effect to it”. 29. Yet the same Government has virtually stated that should the present minority Government in Rhodesia make a unilateral declaration of independence, the United Kingdom Government will not act militarily against such "defiance and rebellion”. It is interesting to note that this was not that Government’s attitude in Cyprus or British Guiana.”

    1965-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 20 (1965)

23. “The Security Council adopted a resolution On 6 May [202 (1965)] in which it noted and approved the opinion of the majority of the population of Southern Rhodesia that the United Kingdom should convene a constitutional conference; requested the United Kingdom not to accept a unilateral declaration of independence to take all necessary action to prevent such a declaration not to transfer to Southern Rhodesia's present Government any of the powers or attributes of sovereignty, but to promote its attainment of independence by a democratic system in accordance with the aspirations of the majority of the population; and further requested the United Kingdom to enter into consultations and convene a conference of all political parties in order to adopt new constitutional provisions acceptable to the majority. 27.”

    1965-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 20 (1965)

24. “It is our opinion that South Africa's action in this regard should be condemned, for no action should be taken against the interests of the Mandated Territory and its inhabitants while the case is being heard. 25. The situation in Rhodesia, where a minority racist Government threatens a unilateral declaration of independence contrary to the will and interest of the African majority, is fraught with grave danger. 26. This matter was brought before the Security Council last April by the African States and was discussed in six meetings.”

    1965-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 20 (1965)

25. “22. The situation has deteriorated further. The Republic of Senegal was compelled to bring another complaint to the Security Council about violations of its frontier by Portuguese forces, and the African States will soon bring the whole matter before the Security Council again for its consideration and for action which will ensure compliance with its resolutions. 23. The case of South West Africa is presently being heard in the International Court of Justice. Nevertheless, it has been reported that the South African Government has been granting concessions to companies for the exploration and exploitation of the natural and human resources of that Territory and that some of the recommendations of the Odendaal Commission, including the creation of non-European "homelands”, are being implemented. 24.”

    1965-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 20 (1965)

26. “At that time the Council — in resolution 180 (1963) — determined that Portuguese activities were seriously disturbing peace and security in Africa and called upon Portugal to recognize the right of the peoples of the Territories to self-determination and independence; to cease all acts of repression and to withdraw all military and other forces employed for that purpose; to promulgate an unconditional political amnesty and establish conditions that would allow the free functioning of political parties; to negotiate, on the basis of the recognition of the right to self-determination, with the authorized representatives of the political parties within and outside the Territories with a view to the transfer of power to political institutions freely elected and representative of the peoples; and finally, to grant independence thereafter to all the Territories in accordance with the aspirations of the peoples.”

    1965-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 20 (1965)

27. “In spite of the fact that many countries have recently gained independence, decolonization remains an important question before the United Nations in the light of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples adopted at the fifteenth session of the General Assembly on 14 December 1960 [resolution 1514 (XV)]. 20. The Portuguese Government continues its repressive military action in African Territories under Portuguese administration and has not taken any effective steps to implement the provisions of the resolutions adopted by the Security Council in 1963. 21.”

    1965-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 20 (1965)

28. “The refugee question has now developed into one of Africa’s major problems and a commission of ten States was set up in 1964 by the Assembly of Heads of State and Government of the Organization of African Unity to examine the problem. This Commission is fully organized and working toward the rehabilitation of the refugees in Africa. It is the hope of my Government that close co-operation will exist between the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees and the Organization of African Unity’s Refugee Commission. 18. We hope also that the aid which the High Commissioner has given this problem will be continued. The work so far done by him in several parts of the world has been most commendable. We believe that greater financial support should be made available for this purpose. 19.”

    1965-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 20 (1965)

29. “Now that a manned orbiting laboratory is to be launched and it is possible that military uses of outer space will be made, we hope that some progress can be made towards the exploration of those dangers that are likely to result from the destructive uses of outer space. Perhaps a regulatory convention on the use of outer space should be worked out. 16. It has been noted that, when the work of assistance for European refugees was nearing completion, new refugee problems emerged. We are pleased that the Secretary-General, in his annual report [A/6001 and Corr.1, chap. VI, sect. F], notes that a spirit of international solidarity has developed between the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees and Governments as well as other organizations, both inter-governmental and non-governmental, interested in the work of his Office. 17.”

    1965-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 20 (1965)

30. “My delegation will therefore support the call for a world disarmament conference. 12. Perhaps if we are successful in achieving disarmament some of the immense expenditures for arms might be channelled into such useful ventures as would ensure to all mankind a better way of life. 13. The United Nations Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space has continued its work. 14. The space programmes in the United States and the Soviet Union continue to make spectacular progress. We had hoped that the Dryden-Blagonravov agreement of 1962 on a weather satellite programmed would have been the beginning of further agreements. Unfortunately it does not appear that much has been done. 15.”

    1965-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 20 (1965)

31. “Nor has he developed, along with his vast accumulation of scientific knowledge, any comparable growth of wisdom which would enable him to bring these weapons under international control. This makes disarmament seem a long way off. 10. But we cannot forget that the main impulse behind the genesis of this Organization was the desire to maintain peace and to evolve a workable machinery for the settlement of international disputes without a resort to arms, so that our efforts would be turned to the pursuit of social progress, justice and a better life for all. 11. Because this basic purpose of the United Nations cannot be achieved under tensions arising from the perpetuation of the arms race, we must never tire in our efforts to bring about world disarmament. Everything reasonable should be tried to get an effective agreement on disarmament.”

    1965-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 20 (1965)

32. “The arms race has not only resulted in extravagant military expenditures, but it is generally recognized that it has caused unnecessary diversion of resources needed to build progress and peace in the world. But what is even more ironic to the point of being ludicrous is that it has increased the insecurity which it was intended to cure. Even those countries with the most advanced military weapons feel naked before its terrifying and utterly devastating power. 9. Since the end of the Second World War, the genius of man in inventing nuclear and thermonuclear weapons has given rise to the fear of his own self-destruction. His ability to invent such destructive forces in quantity and quality has outstripped his capacity to devise adequate safeguards against his own annihilation.”

    1965-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 20 (1965)

33. “Between April and June 1965 the Disarmament Commission met here on the initiative of the Soviet Union. In his opening remarks, the Secretary-General of the United Nations pointed to the increasing dangers in the nuclear arms race and expressed the hope that solutions could be found for the problem of the discontinuance of all nuclear tests as well as for that of the non-proliferation of nuclear weapons. 7. The discussions indicated the strong desire of all nations for urgent action to prevent proliferation of national nuclear forces and led to the resumption of the Seventeen-nation Geneva Conference. That Conference ended in September on a note of restrained optimism. 8.”

    1965-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 20 (1965)

34. “To this swiftly unfolding menace must be added the persistent, if momentarily quiescent, problem of divided countries. All efforts must be exerted to find peaceful solutions to these conflicts and problems. 5. Faced with those explosive situations and the crises resulting from them which have seized the world from time to time, who will doubt that we must never relax in our attempts to find a solution to the problem of disarmament? Though success has eluded our reach since 1899, when the first International Peace Conference on the Limitation of Arms was convened at The Hague, we must not accept such failures. The goal is worth the effort, and so we must continue to use our energies in its pursuit until every failure experienced in the past reveals its secret to us and leads us to success. 6.”

    1965-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 20 (1965)

35. “I extend fraternal greetings and a warm welcome to the Gambia, Africa's thirty-sixth independent State, and to Singapore and the Maldive Islands — all of which have been admitted to membership of the United Nations at this session. We are pleased that they will be joining hands with us in the tireless and praiseworthy pursuit of peace and friendly cooperation among nations. 4. The General Assembly's twentieth session convenes in an atmosphere most sombrely tinged with doubts and fears. The undeclared war between India and Pakistan, the armed conflict in Viet-Nam and the confrontation between Indonesia and Malaysia make it abundantly clear that the disaster of which we stand in fear is no longer a small cloud on the horizon, but a threatening storm about to unleash its thunder above our very heads.”

    1965-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 20 (1965)

36. “1. Mr. President, since the delegation of Liberia had the honour, on 22 September, of extending congratulations on your election to your high office, I shall only add my own cordial felicitations and express the hope that you will draw on all your resources to revitalize and strengthen the General Assembly. In that difficult and arduous task Liberia wishes you well, and I assure you of my delegation's fullest co-operation and support. 2. I also wish co compliment His Excellency Mr. Alex Quaison-Sackey, the outgoing President, who presided over the Assembly with skill in one of its most difficult periods. He thereby won the admiration of all. 3.”

    1965-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 20 (1965)

37. “Our task must be to nurse it along and, by taking small but concrete steps, lead it ultimately to its Ideals through moral strength, courage and faith in human destiny. 243. If we now rededicate ourselves whole-heartedly to these tasks, history may record that our deliberations contributed to enhancing international peace and security and that mankind benefited. 244. In achieving this end, Mr. President, I assure you that the Liberian delegation offers its fullest co-operation.”

    1964-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 19 (1964)

38. “We have the important task before us of trying to improve the international climate through the reduction of tensions, the finding of solutions to difficult problems and the strengthening of the United Nations. 241. Difficult as are the problems before us, they are not insurmountable. We must accept the hardship and personal sacrifices which the solution to our problems imposes. Progress towards peace will be long and costly. If we are wise in the progress toward the achievement of this goal we may minimize the cost; but if we are imprudent no one can predict the dangerous results that may occur. 242. The United Nations should be here to stay for the benefit of all nations, large and small.”

    1964-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 19 (1964)

39. “It will be recalled that, in 1962, the Economic and Social Council requested the Secretary-General to study the desirability of merging all, or at least some, of the United Nations technical assistance programmes, My Government accepted the recommendation of the Secretary-General on this matter, I believe the Special Fund and the Expanded Programme for Technical Assistance should be combined in a single operation for greater efficiency. 239. Liberia has consistently supported the efforts of the United Nations to fulfil its noble objectives because of our abiding conviction that the Organization represents mankind's greatest and best hope for human survival and peace. Our faith in it remains unshaken, and my delegation will spare no efforts in trying to ensure that its lofty principles find acceptance throughout the world. 240.”

    1964-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 19 (1964)

40. “However, there is some surprise that up to the present not one of the five permanent members of the Security Council has ratified them, although the arguments advanced over the years to show that amendments to the Charter were impracticable have very largely been overcome. My delegation feels that the permanent members, seemingly ever conscious of their responsibility for the maintenance of international peace and security, ought also to be very conscious of their responsibility for fair play and justice, and will therefore take the leading role to ensure equitable representation of Africa, Asia and Latin America on the main bodies of the United Nations. 238.”

    1964-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 19 (1964)

41. “Regrettably, however, there seems to be a reappearance of all these dangers and the Congo seems to be a victim again. All Members of the United Nations should resolve to adhere to the principle of non-interference in Congolese affairs, so that the people of the Congo may solve their own problems and live together in peace. 237. It may be necessary to draw the attention of Member States to resolutions 1991 A and B (XVIII), Those resolutions called for the expansion of both the Security Council and the Economic and Social Council, and requested Member States to ratify the amendment of the Charter by 1 September 1965.”

    1964-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 19 (1964)

42. “The irresistible surge of dependent peoples to freedom and independence is a movement which all freedom-loving and peace-loving people must support. We hope it will not be long before we see our brothers in Angola, Mozambique and other parts of Africa, as well as in the rest of the world, take their rightful places in the international community. 235. I should like to egress agreement with our Secretary-General who, in the introduction to his annual report in reference to the Congo, said: "In responding to it, the United Nations served the interests of the peace of Africa and of the world, as well as those of the Congo, by preventing a power vacuum in the very heart of Africa which would have been extremely grave, with the inevitable risk of East-West confrontation as well as inter-African rivalry and conflict" [A/580l/Add.l, p. 6], 236.”

    1964-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 19 (1964)

43. “Our efforts in that direction, however, have not been without difficulties, as the racist Government of Prime Minister Verwoerd continues to do everything it can to delay the case. As you are well aware, this case represents the efforts of a united Africa to ensure that South Africa does not further extend its racial policies to a helpless and defenceless people. For these are the same policies which you and I and everybody in the world have on so many occasions condemned as inhuman, degrading and in direct violation of all the basic and fundamental elements of human rights. 233. Consequently, we call upon all Members of the United Nations to stand firm in their determination to resist any attempt by the South African Government to undermine whatever decision the International Court of Justice may see fit to give. 234.”

    1964-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 19 (1964)

44. “Since last I had the occasion to address the General Assembly, the African States, through the Governments of Ethiopia and Liberia, have not relented in their efforts to obtain for the people of South West Africa what is rightly theirs. We have sponsored and vigorously prosecuted the South West African case almost through the pleading stage. With the filing of the rejoinder by the Government of South Africa on 20 December 1964, it is our hope that the International Court of Justice will proceed to hear oral arguments on the case early next year, and that the final decision of the Court in the case will be before you when the twentieth session of the Assembly begins next September. 232.”

    1964-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 19 (1964)

45. “My delegation is unequivocally opposed to any illegal and unilateral declaration of independence secured by a limited referendum of African chiefs and headmen by the present Government in Southern Rhodesia, which is a minority racist government. Consultations with tribal chiefs holding office and exercising authority under the power and control of that Government could hardly reflect the true opinion of the majority of the people of that country. 230. My Government was pleased about the manner in which the present Government of the United Kingdom pronounced itself on this matter, but it needs to go further. I call upon the Government of the United Kingdom to take the necessary actions that would bring about a constitutional change, in order to effect a rule by the majority. 231.”

    1964-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 19 (1964)

46. “At the second conference of non-aligned States held in Cairo in October 1964, forty-seven States agreed to take certain political and economic actions against the Government of South Africa, as well as against Portugal, which still refuses to adhere to United Nations resolutions on its colonial territories, while striving to maintain its decadent colonial policies by force. These actions, we feel, should amount to an economic embargo against these two professed enemies of Africa. My delegation is hopeful, therefore, that the United Nations will debate these problems created in Africa by the policies of these two States, and that Member States will give their definitive support to a final solution. 229.”

    1964-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 19 (1964)

47. “We are happy that principles have finally prevailed over purely economic considerations. This action now brings the policy of the Government of the United Kingdom into line with the resolutions of the United Nations. 227. My delegation is inclined to the feeling that the other countries involved in the arms trade with South Africa will take the bold decision without delay, to prevent that country from circumventing the arms embargo that has been imposed by the Security Council. 228.”

    1964-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 19 (1964)

48. “They have asked for sanctions and are of the opinion that a relatively short, if hard, sacrifice is preferable to an indefinite period of suffering. We are all agreed that sanctions will hurt, but this is a fact often and frankly expressed by those people whose interests in South Africa never seem to extend beyond opposing all important measures intended to change the inhuman policy of that country. 225. The Government of the United States of America announced that at the end of 1963 its trade in military equipment with South Africa would come to an end. This is a move in the right direction, deserving full implementation. 226. My Government has greeted with much appreciation the decision of the Government of the United Kingdom to impose an arms embargo on military supplies and weapons to South Africa.”

    1964-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 19 (1964)

49. “The Conference noted that such sanctions would require the full and active participation of certain Members of the United Nations and other trading States, so as to prevent South Africa from evading the effects of sanctions by diverting its trade. 223. The programme of economic sanctions is not intended to destroy South Africa. It is intended to be maintained until South Africa's repressive policy of apartheid has been ended. Our objective is only to induce a healthy change in the Government of South Africa. 224. Finally, it has been argued that the effect of economic sanctions would hurt those that sanctions are calculated to benefit. That is hardly convincing. The Africans have suffered and continue to exist under the most extreme form of privation. Any further hardship would make very little difference.”

    1964-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 19 (1964)

50. “That this threat does in fact exist was clearly implied in the resolutions of the Security Council on August and December 1963, and by a resolution of the Council in June 1964, when the Council resolved itself into a committee to study "measures" that might be effectively taken on this matter. 222. That sanctions are impracticable can be answered by the report prepared at the recent International Conference on Economic Sanctions against South Africa, which was held in London last April [see A/5707]. It was shown in that report that, whilst there would be economic loss suffered by the individual countries involved in trade with South Africa, "a campaign of total economic sanctions would be very small compared with the loss inevitably accruing if South Africa exploded into full-scale racial war".”

    1964-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 19 (1964)