YouSaid · the spoken record

Zafrulla Khan

THE RECORD WRITES THIS SPEAKER AS ZAFRULLA KHAN

lines on the record: 90
first: 1952-09-24
most recent: 1954-09-24
sittings or episodes: 3
sources: un-general-debate

Every line below is reproduced as it was said and linked to the record it came from. Nothing here is summarised or generated. Directory · Search · Corrections

“This record is a guarantee that Pakistan will continue to uphold these ideals, to foster these purposes, and to fulfil these obligations in the future to the utmost of its capacity. 54. Our last observation is “all praise is due to God the Sustainer of all the Universes”.”
1954-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 9 (1954)
“The pooling of resources of atomic energy for civilian uses holds out the hope that the objective which we have in mind may be compassed through this means. We shall, therefore, co-operate eagerly with other States so minded in forwarding the scheme, the preliminary stages of which were outlined by Mr. Dulles in his speech here on 23 September. 53. Pakistan was admitted to membership in this Organization within a few week of its coming into being. During the period of its membership, it has given ample proof that it loyally upholds the ideals of the United Nations as set out in the Charter. It has striven to the utmost to fulfil its obligations under the Charter in every respect.”
1954-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 9 (1954)
“As its peaceful uses begin to manifest themselves, it will begin to lose some of the terror which its very mention tends to inspire in the minds of men. In the course of time our search in this direction might reveal the means of obtaining power for the servicing of man’s growing and manifold needs at a comparatively low and even negligible cost. Such a consummation alone would enable us to meet speedily and adequately the challenge that I have mentioned. The divergence between the economies of the developed and the under-developed countries can be narrowed only by ample power becoming available at low cost. Failing such a development, this divergence will tend to increase rather than to diminish.”
1954-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 9 (1954)
“Much of what has become the merest commonplace today was a matter for wonder and awe only a hundred years ago or less. We have become conscious of great needs. This is the surest indication that provision for the fulfilment of those needs is close at hand. What is required is that our search for the means of fulfilment shall continue to be diligently pursued in every direction. 52. It is ironic that the first manifestation of the use of atomic energy was destructive. Atomic energy has, in consequence, become associated in men’s minds primarily with terror, destruction and devastation. While efforts must continue to be made to safeguard mankind against the destructive uses of atomic energy, we must direct our minds more and more towards the harnessing of this new source of power to the beneficent service of man.”
1954-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 9 (1954)
“If we fail, the lean kine shall surely swallow up the fat kine. 51. In this connexion, we welcome the announcement made by Mr. Dulles on 23 September [475th meeting] in his statement here that the United States intends to proceed with President Eisenhower’s scheme for the pooling of atomic energy resources for peaceful uses. We appreciate that the development and exploitation of atomic energy for peaceful uses will take time. But we are glad that it is proposed to take the first steps in that direction at an early date. It is too early to attempt an estimate of the results that may be hoped for from the application of atomic energy to civilian uses. Warnings have been uttered against the entertainment of over-optimistic expectations. We have been told we must not expect miracles. But this is the age of miracles.”
1954-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 9 (1954)
“If we will not do voluntarily, cheerfully and eagerly that which needs to be done, a destructive travesty of it will be attempted to be carried out by compulsion in spite of us. Let us make no mistake. This is the only choice. Either we must all join together to foster human prosperity and well-being in freedom; or we shall not only be deprived of the means of achieving this objective but we shall also lose all that we have and value and which we may seek to hold back. It has been said that mankind cannot endure half free and half slave. Equally it cannot endure half full and half hungry, half clothed and half naked, half healthy and half ill, half prosperous and half destitute, half in the sunshine of knowledge and half in the darkness of ignorance. This is the challenge of today. It must be met and met speedily.”
1954-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 9 (1954)
“Indeed, if they were to let themselves be carried away by the kind of thinking underlying the query, “Am I my brother’s keeper?”, they may at no distant date wake up to the mournful reality that in today’s world he who will not accept the responsibility and burden, if burden it involve, of becoming his brother’s keeper, will push both his brother and himself to the brink of disaster. 50. Those of us who advance pleas of this kind on behalf of the under-developed countries and regions, find no joy or pleasure in doing so. We would gladly dispense with such pleas if the prospect with which all of us are threatened were to let us. The demands of the situation of today are, however, insistent and inexorable.”
1954-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 9 (1954)
“The increased prosperity and well-being of even a section of the people of one country or area must operate to sustain and strengthen the prosperity and well-being of many in widely scattered parts of the earth. Those who today possess the initiative and occupy advanced positions in the fields of manufacture, industry and commerce, are bound to be the largest beneficiaries of this newly created prosperity. Those, therefore, who are so fortunate as to be able to participate in this investment, as I have termed it, should congratulate themselves on their good fortune in finding themselves in that position, rather than commiserate with themselves for the sacrifices which they are called upon to make.”
1954-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 9 (1954)
“Whatever sacrifices the continuation of these efforts may entail — and it must be recognized that in a large number of cases they do mean heavy sacrifices, not the less real because they are cheerfully borne — they do in reality constitute investment of a most profitable and beneficent character, though it may take some time for the profit and the beneficence to become manifest. They are, in addition, a very valuable insurance. Not only does the goodwill created form a most valuable asset; the salvage, rehabilitation, reconstruction and stimulation of every form of economic activity in such wide and widely separated areas and in so many diverse forms and shapes is bound to multiply needs, purchasing power and markets in geometrical progression. 49.”
1954-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 9 (1954)
“But on the other hand, one has noticed that occasional expression is given to a feeling in certain quarters that effort and co-operation of this description are in the nature of charitable handouts that have a tendency to encourage sloth and to discourage self-reliance rather than to stimulate initiative; or that there is a lack of adequate appreciation on behalf of those who have so far been the beneficiaries of such efforts; or that the burden and the sacrifice are beginning to be irksome; or that there is a danger that such aid and assistance may be misconstrued as political bribery. Believe me, there is little foundation in fact for these or similar other misconceptions. 48.”
1954-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 9 (1954)
“Though all this is very welcome, much, very much, still remains to be done. Not only must effort in this direction not be relaxed, but it must be greatly intensified and enhanced. 47. We welcome the emphasis laid on this matter in a speech made yesterday [480th meeting] by the Foreign Minister of the Netherlands. We strongly support his proposal for the establishment of a special United Nations fund for economic development, a proposal which the Pakistan delegation to the Economic and Social Council has already very strongly urged and which has also been advocated by us in the Second Committee of the General Assembly last year.”
1954-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 9 (1954)
“The promptness and volume of the aid and relief provided for the stricken people of east Pakistan from so many directions, particularly by the defence forces of the United States, during the recent calamitous and unprecedented floods in that part of the country, subjecting over 25 million people to acute misery and near destitution, have created a heart-warming reaction among all classes of the people of Pakistan, and have left a profound impression on their minds, even in the remotest corners of the country. 46. Assistance and co-operation in all these fields is a token of the spirit that is drawing together the peoples of all regions, the East and the West, the North and the South, in one common bond of brotherhood, and is a good augury for the future of mankind on this rapidly shrinking planet.”
1954-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 9 (1954)
“The outcome will be determined by whether our deeds and our behaviour convince or fail to convince these uncommitted peoples of Asia that they have a better chance of satisfying their national aspirations and raising their standards of life and well-being by association with the West.” 45. We acknowledge with deep gratitude all that has so far been achieved and is projected in this direction by the United Nations and its agencies, the United States technical assistance and other aid programmes, the Colombo Plan, and the efforts of other countries, agencies, foundations and individuals, not only through the promotion of permanent or long-term measures and projects, but also by way of ad hoc relief and assistance during periods of famine, floods and other visitations.”
1954-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 9 (1954)
“Such co-operation can furnish an answer to the crucial question with which the teeming millions of Asia and Africa are being persistently confronted. To quote once more the high Western authority to whom I have already referred: “The struggle against the spread of communism will be determined in many cases by the estimate of the people in under-developed countries as to whether they have a better chance, while satisfying their national aspirations, of raising their own standards of life through the adoption of the Western or the communist ideas of organizing society; by the acceptance of Western or communist help...”
1954-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 9 (1954)
“The bait most often and most persistently held out to the “have not” or “have little” masses of these countries by the instruments of chaos, confusion and subversion is that an upsetting of the social, economic and political order of the country and its reshaping along patterns advocated by them would usher in an era of universal prosperity, with its attendant blessings of health, leisure, amusement and gainful technical instruction and training. This kind of activity has already initiated strong currents in the minds of hundreds of millions of the peoples of Asia and Africa who sustain a precarious existence on the verge of starvation, in the darkness of ignorance, continuously a prey to diseases and disorders of various descriptions. Here is a vast field for beneficent co-operation between the East and the West.”
1954-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 9 (1954)
“The obvious remedy is that they must, within as short a period as possible, be assisted in attaining a position in which they can develop their economic, technical and financial resources to a degree adequate to enable them to carry the burden of an appropriate defence system, without subjecting their economy to an undue strain. 44. Rapid economic development of under-developed countries is, however, demanded even more insistently by considerations of a more primary character. It is the only answer to infiltration, confusion and subversion.”
1954-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 9 (1954)
“We recognize that arrangements of a military character are necessary to overcome manifestations of aggression through the use of arms. But economic causes may render these arrangements inadequate for this purpose. Without a sound economy, no country can build up or continue to support an adequate system of defence. A high Western authority has recently observed: “A defence programme which overburdens the economy of the country is an unstable defence programme. . . . Many countries, though independent and capable of a sound economy in a peaceful world, find themselves with inadequate technical and financial resources to build up the defences necessary in the world as they find it today”. 43.”
1954-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 9 (1954)
“We would offer one test which we consider adequate: there is nothing in any of these arrangements that is secret or is sought to be imposed under compulsion or constraint of any description. All is open, free and voluntary. The declared and the real purpose are identical. The only object is the maintenance of security and the suppression of aggression. 41. It is being progressively realized that armed attack is only the culminating step in the pattern of aggression that has unfolded itself during the last few years. The antecedent steps are infiltration and the creation of confusion followed by subversion. The social pattern and economic and political conditions prevailing over a large part of the continents of Asia and Africa are only too favourable to the successful prosecution of such designs. 42.”
1954-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 9 (1954)
“It is only if my own designs are aggressive or if I contemplate the use of force in gaining my ends or achieving my purposes, however justified or desirable these ends or purposes may appear in my own estimation, that I would look upon my neighbour’s preparations with annoyance, chagrin or possibly alarm. It may, of course, be that my neighbour, while loudly proclaiming the peaceful character of his intentions, is clearly harbouring aggressive designs. If I had solid grounds for relating his activities to such designs, my apprehension and alarm would be justified. But we venture to submit that such is not the case in respect of the measures to which I have made reference.”
1954-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 9 (1954)
“In the state of uncertainty that prevails today, fraught with such grave peril to all that man values and holds dear, it is clearly the duty of those upon whom responsibility lies to take every reasonable precaution and to make all reasonable preparation for the safeguarding of national, as well as regional and international, security. So long as the real purpose and object of these arrangements is the suppression of aggression and the maintenance of peace and security, they need arouse no apprehension in any quarter. Having myself no aggressive designs against my neighbour, if I observe that he is taking measures to safeguard his security, this may perhaps cause me amusement but need occasion no apprehension or alarm.”
1954-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 9 (1954)
“These efforts are the inevitable outcome of the lack of accord between the great Powers — particularly on such question as disarmament and the control of atomic weapons — which has fostered grave apprehensions concerning not only the maintenance of peace and security but the very survival of civilization and culture and, indeed, of the human race itself. Those who are disposed to cavil or look askance at these arrangements appear to us to ignore the clear lessons of history and to shut their eyes to the events of the last few years. 40.”
1954-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 9 (1954)
“It is no matter for wonder, therefore, that the Organization has failed to fulfil completely its primary and pre-eminent purpose. In fact, it is this discord between the great Powers that constitutes the principal threat to international peace and security. It has compelled some of the great and several of the small Powers to seek methods of regional organization and co-operation, as is contemplated in Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter, in support of the maintenance of peace and security.”
1954-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 9 (1954)
“It is, however, in respect of the fulfilment of its main purposes, namely the maintenance of international peace and security, the prevention and removal of threats to the peace and the suppression of acts of aggression and other breaches of the peace that, notwithstanding its action in Korea, there prevails a sense of disappointment and frustration concerning the United Nations. But it must be recognized that the Organization has, during the greater part of its brief existence, operated under a severe handicap. The Charter of the United Nations presupposes, arid indeed bases itself on, a reasonable degree of accord and unity between the great Powers in support of the purposes and principles of the Organization as proclaimed in the Charter. This accord and unity have, alas, been lacking.”
1954-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 9 (1954)
“We consider, therefore, that the acceleration of the process of self-determination is one of the principal means of strengthening the edifice of international peace, and would, as it progresses, remove what at present constitutes a potent incitement to aggression. The fewer the number of what may even mistakenly be regarded as colonial prizes, the smaller will be the temptation to make bids for winning them; the greater the number of free nations and peoples, the larger will be the muster in support of the defence of freedom, the suppression of subversion and the halting of aggression. 39.”
1954-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 9 (1954)
“We believe that once a people has become conscious and impatient of its position of dependence, and eager to assume the duties and responsibilities of self-government, continued denial of freedom thereafter compels recourse to subversive activities which immediately develop into an active threat to the maintenance of peace and security. On the other hand, a dependent people can, in the nature of things, not have the same eager interest in the maintenance of peace and the fight against aggression as a people enjoying the blessings of freedom has in the defence of its freedom and all that it imports and signifies. Nor can a dependent people be expected to suffer privations and to make sacrifices cheerfully for the purpose merely of maintaining the dominance to which it is subject, however grave the alternative that may threaten.”
1954-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 9 (1954)
“But here, too, we are conscious of occasional fallings from grace and even blunders of a grave character, as witness, for instance, a million homeless and destitute Arabs whose misery is a standing and poignant reproach to the Organization, being attributable directly to United Nations action taken in defiance of clear and repeated warnings of the fate that would surely and inevitably overtake the Arabs population of Palestine if partition were persisted in. But this and other instances only serve to emphasize that the United Nations suffers from a degree of imperfection which is a measure of the shortcomings and imperfections of its membership. 38. Many of us are anxious to see progress in respect of the self-determination of peoples sharply accelerated.”
1954-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 9 (1954)
“Its record in respect of the development of friendly relations among nations based on respect for the principle of equal rights and self-determination of peoples is also, bearing in mind all the difficulties that are encountered and have to be overcome, not a discouraging one. In this context, we welcome the initiative taken by New Zealand in respect of the convening of the proposed constitutional convention in Western Samoa. This is a step which might well serve as a pattern to be usefully and profitably followed in other similar cases.”
1954-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 9 (1954)
“People everywhere feel impelled to take stock of its achievements and failures and to ask themselves whether it has justified itself. To this general question we, for our part, are able, without hesitation, to make an affirmative reply. In so expressing ourselves we are not unmindful of the shortcomings of the Organization which have revealed themselves in certain directions, and, still more, of the inadequacy of its action in certain others. Nevertheless, we are convinced that the Organization has done and continue to do invaluable beneficent work in the economic, social, cultural and humanitarian fields.”
1954-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 9 (1954)
“May I be permitted to start such brief observations as I desire to submit to the Assembly this afternoon by congratulating the Assembly on the choice of its President for its ninth regular session. Mr. van Kleffens has, during his distinguished career, in peace and war, given ample proof of those high qualities which, I am confident, will enable him to guide and regulate the deliberations of the Assembly during this session with the requisite ability, tact and dignity to the complete satisfaction of all concerned. May I also add my tribute to that paid by other speakers to Mrs. Pandit for the ability, dignity and skill with which she presided over the eighth session of the Assembly. 37. The United Nations is approaching the close of the first decade of its existence.”
1954-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 9 (1954)
“Dulles said: “Southeast Asia affords the Soviet leaders a chance to give substance to their peaceful words and we anxiously await their verdict.” May I be permited to conclude by observing that North Africa affords France and the other Western countries a chance to give substance to their noble and high-sounding declarations? We anxiously await their verdict. 32. Our last observation is: “Our praise is due to God, the sustainer of all the universes.””
1953-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 8 (1953)
“Dulles declared yesterday that the United States, and others also, have their contributions to make and their obligations to fulfill, including their obligations in relation to Non-Self-Governing Territories. Tie stated on behalf of the government of the United States that the United States was prepared to show in itself the spirit which it invokes in others. We heartily and sincerely welcomed that declaration and shall eagerly await and appraise the contribution that the Government of that great country and other governments who think alike with will make during the course of this session towards fulfiling their obligations to the peoples of Tunisia and Morocco. 31. In his statement yesterday, Mr.”
1953-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 8 (1953)
“It is true that they lack the means of embarking upon such a struggle, but it may not be long before such means become available. When a people is driven to desperation, it ceases to count the cost. 29. If France does not recognize and put into effect its obligations in respect of the full self-determination of the peoples of Tunisia and Morocco, will it not deserve the moral condemnation to which Mr. Dulles gave expression yesterday [434th meeting] concerning “governments which exert themselves without reserve to the creation of ever more powerful means of mass destruction, which tolerate no delay and spare no expense in these matters, and which, at the same time, are dilatory, evasive or negative towards curing the situations which could bring these destructive force.' into play . . .’’? 30. Mr.”
1953-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 8 (1953)
“After all is said and done, what is it that distinguishes the case of Indo-China from the case of Tunisia and of Morocco? The peoples of these two States have been much closer to France than the people of Indo-China has been. They have, for good or for ill, imbibed French culture to a much larger degree than has the people of Indo-China. Does not, then, the difference lie only in this, that, while the people of Indo-China has carried on an armed struggle over a number of years, the peoples of Tunisia and Morocco have throughout sought an honourable settlement through peaceful changes? 28. This is a dangerous comparison. The peoples of these two States feel so frustrated that they may soon be convinced that there is no other honourable course left open to them except one of violent struggle.”
1953-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 8 (1953)
“The minimum that is needed is a clear declaration, in the terms of France’s declaration of 3 July 1953 on Indo-China, that France intends to complete at an early date the process of transferring to the peoples of Tunisia and Morocco such remaining powers as are needed to perfect their independence to their own satisfaction. The declaration should be accompanied by an immediate substantial measure of advance towards the achievement of that objective. Such a step should constitute a pledge for what may still remain to be done and should be a proof of an honest desire to do it as soon as possible. 27. We hope that there may still be time to resolve this conflict in friendly co-operation between the parties more directly concerned. But we also fear that it may soon be too late.”
1953-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 8 (1953)
“In dealing with the question of Tunisia and Morocco, both in the United Nations and outside it, we, for our part, have made full allowance for France’s difficulties and its quite understandable sensitiveness on the subject. France has itself recently passed through the soul-searing experience of foreign domination. Its own experience should impel it to seek an early solution to the problem of Tunisia and Morocco, consonant with the dignity and traditions of France and the values to which it subscribes, and giving full effect to the perfectly legitimate aspirations of the peoples of the two former States to be complete masters in their own lands.”
1953-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 8 (1953)
“The principal crime of the Sultan of Morocco, so unceremoniously deposed and removed, was that it would not repudiate the principal political association in his domain which had declared as its objective the country’s complete independence. The Assembly appealed to the parties to settle their disputes in accordance with the spirit of the Charter and to refrain from any acts likely to aggravate the present tension. France’s reply to the appeal has been shootings, gaolings and the deposition of the Sultan. 25. What chance is there left for the vast possibilities of peaceful change, in which Mr. Dulles expressed his faith yesterday? The situation in Tunisia and Morocco is tense and is fraught with possibilities of grave developments. A remedy and a solution must he urgently sought, found and applied. 26.”
1953-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 8 (1953)
“When the matter came before it last year, the General Assembly expressed confidence that, in pursuance of its proclaimed policies, the Government of France would endeavour to further the rights and liberties of the peoples concerned, in accordance with the United Nations Charter. During the period that has since elapsed, France has demonstrated how misplaced was the Assembly's confidence. The Assembly expressed the hope that the parties would continue negotiations on an urgent basis for the purpose of developing free political institutions. France has throughout sought to suppress freedom and free political institutions.”
1953-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 8 (1953)
“What are the aim and essence of these much-vaunted reforms? The purpose of the so-called reforms is to secure for the territories’ French nationals, who are in no sense citizens of the States and who constitute only a negligible proportion of the population, a representation of 50 per cent in the municipal councils and the so-called consultative assemblies. These reforms amount to a fraud on the people of Tunisia and Morocco and would deprive those people in perpetuity of liberty, freedom and dignity in their own lands. That, in effect, is France’s reply to the process of peaceful change. 24.”
1953-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 8 (1953)
“I turn now to the question of Article 2, paragraph 7, of the Charter. That matter was exhaustively discussed last year in the First Committee and the General Assembly. It is not necessary to go into it again at this stage. It may, however, be observed that there has been noticeable an increasing tendency on the part of those who have established for themselves a position of domination to seek to resist any discussion of the evils and abuses of such domination by pressing into service the provision contained in Article 2, paragraph 7. We shall advert to this aspect on an appropriate occasion when this question may again be raised. Suffice it to say here that Article 2, paragraph 7, cannot be used to defeat the very purposes of the United Nations Charter. 23. France goes on talking of reforms, mainly in the municipal sphere.”
1953-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 8 (1953)
“In the Moroccan treaty, France pledged, among other things, to lend constant support to His Sherifian Majesty against all dangers which might threaten his person or throne or endanger the tranquillity of his states. The way in which that pledge has been honoured is manifest from the fact that His Sherifian Majesty is today an exile and virtually a state prisoner in Corsica. The French Resident-General has declared that that is the culmination of a series of events over a period of ten years, which has proved that French co-operation with the Sultan is no longer possible. That is true only in this sense: that France is determined to perpetuate the political dependence of Morocco, and the Sultan had dedicated himself to the task of restoring independence to his people. 22.”
1953-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 8 (1953)
“no arrangement can, in our view, claim moral validity, which is not arrived at between the representatives of a free people occupying a position of equality vis-a-vis their opposite numbers and subject to no pressure or coercion of any description.” 19. Assuming, however, that the treaties are valid, where does France stand in respect thereof? 20. The Tunisian treaty guarantees full internal autonomy to Tunisia. France has, in effect, torn that part of the treaty to shreds. The guarantee has proved to be a snare and a delusion. In fact, the struggle of the Tunisian people today is aimed at securing the implementation of that part of the treaty. 21.”
1953-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 8 (1953)
“Most treaties and arrangements of this type are also vitiated by the consideration that they purport to have been entered into on behalf of the dominated people by some ruler or functionary who was compelled or persuaded to barter away the birthright of the people in return for some benefit, exemption, indulgence or consideration substantial or illusory, granted or promised — for himself or his family. “Such a treaty or convention, however solemnly expressed, can claim no validity whatsoever. It merely attests to a breach of trust on the part of the ruler or functionary who purported to enter into it and a procurement and abatement of such a breach on the part of die dominant Power in whose favour it was executed . . .”
1953-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 8 (1953)
“France takes its stand upon so-called treaties and seeks shelter behind Article 2, paragraph 7, of the Charter. As regards treaties of the character of those relied upon by France, permit me to repeat a few observations that I made last year during the course of my statement in the general debate. I said then [395th meeting]: “Another weapon which it is sought to press into service for the purpose of bolstering up this outmoded and immoral system is some provision in a treaty or convention directly imposing or indirectly introducing the relationship of domination and dependence. “In every instance of the kind that has so far come to our notice the treaty or convention was the result of the use of aggressive force or was secured by coercion or in circumstance. which left the other party little choice in the matter.”
1953-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 8 (1953)
“Should there be any here who might be disposed to question the validity of that contention, we would draw their attention to the situation in Tunisia and Morocco, with which we have been confronted over so long a period. Here is a people with a glorious history and proud traditions, keenly sensitive to its present inglorious and humiliating plight of dependence, which is seeking to win back the independence of which it was stripped by France in the latter half of the last and the early part of this century. The people and its sovereigns have been engaged in a process of seeking to achieve their perfectly legitimate objectives through negotiation and peaceful change. What has been France’s response? Repression and more repression. What has been the reaction of the Western Powers? Indifference. 18.”
1953-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 8 (1953)
“We sincerely welcome that development. Is it, however, an instance of the efficacy of peaceful change? France, which had readily agreed to transfer the sovereignty of these States to an aggressive Japan, was not willing, after Japan had been defeated, to acknowledge the independence and sovereignty of the people of Indo-China. Hence the violent struggle. It is because of that violent struggle that the French Government has at last been compelled to make the declaration of 3 July 1953. That declaration is no evidence that France is inspired by the desire to promote liberty and independence through peaceful change: it is proof of the success of violent struggle. 17.”
1953-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 8 (1953)
“We put our hopes upon the vast possibilities of peaceful change.” But what if peaceful change in the desired direction is resisted and blocked by those in a position of domination and if matters of peaceful change are sought to be put down by repression? 15. Speaking of Indo-China, Mr. Dulles said: “The pretext, until now, has been that the Associated States of Indo -China were mere colonies, and that the communist war was designed to promote ‘independence’ . . .” and went on to affirm: “It is no longer possible to support such a pretext:. The French Government, by its declaration of 3 July 1953, has announced its intention of completing the process of transferring to the governments of the three Associated States all those remaining powers that are needed to perfect their independence to their own satisfaction.” 16.”
1953-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 8 (1953)
“Yesterday again we were deeply affected when he appealed — specifically to one set of leaders, but I have no doubt generally to all of us — to recognize that: “love of God, love of country and the sense of human dignity always survive. Repressive measures inevitably lead to resentment and bitterness and perhaps something more. That does not come about by artificial stimulation; it comes about because the Creator has endowed all human beings with the spark of spiritual life”. It is true that Mr. Dulles qualified himself. He said: "Hut our creed does not call for exporting revolution or inciting others to violence. Let me make that emphatic. We believe that violent change usually destroys what it would gain.”
1953-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 8 (1953)
“Dulles went on to assure us: “No peace can be enduring which repudiates the concept that government should rest on free consent, or which denies to others the opportunity to embrace that concept.” 13. If I may say so without impertinence, I have long admired the lofty views and noble concepts of Mr. Dulles. I have often had occasion to repeat the words with which he inspired us in San Francisco two years ago. He said on that occasion: “Dignity cannot be developed by those who are subject to alien control, however benign. Self-respect is not felt by those who have no rights of their own in the world — who live on charity and who trade on sufferance. Regard for justice rarely animates those who are subjected to such grave injustice as would be the denial of peace. Fellowship is not the mood of peoples which are denied fellowship.” 14.”
1953-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 8 (1953)
“That statement breathes a spirit of conciliation and conveys an eagerness to march forward towards the achievement of the goals set out in the Charter of the United Nations. We welcome it as such. There is much in that statement that we can emphatically endorse. We note with particular gratification the reaffirmation on behalf of the Government of the United States of the belief expressed in the Declaration of Independence that governments derive their just powers only from the consent of the governed, and also of the belief declared by that greatest of American presidents, Abraham Lincoln, that there is “something in that Declaration giving liberty not alone to the people of this country but hope to the world for all future time”. 12. Mr.”
1953-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 8 (1953)
“We have had declarations in plenty, but these declarations — often couched in noble and high-sounding language — are far more often belied than honoured in practice. Until this disparity between our declarations and our conduct is eliminated we cannot hope to see established peace upon earth and goodwill among men. We have been exhorted: “Why do you say that which you do not? It is greatly displeasing in the sight of God that you say that which you do not.” 11. We heard yesterday [434th meeting] with satisfaction a clear statement of policy on behalf of the Government of the United States about the main problems with which we shall lie called upon to deal during the present session.”
1953-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 8 (1953)