YouSaid · the spoken record

Solis

THE RECORD WRITES THIS SPEAKER AS SOLIS

lines on the record: 78
first: 1962-09-24
most recent: 1963-09-24
sittings or episodes: 2
sources: un-general-debate

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“The inter-American regional system is governed by conventions which were subscribed to by all the Latin American nations and by the United States of America, and is based on three fundamental principles. Two of those principles are also basic to the San Francisco Charter: namely, those of the self-determination of peoples and of non-intervention in the domestic affairs of another State. The third principle, which is typically inter-American while being an internationally recognized norm, is that of representative democracy. 144. In this regional system, the principles of self determination and of representative democracy are so closely interrelated as to be inseparable.”
1962-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 17 (1962)
“These questions must be given careful and preferential consideration by the United Nations, because they are at the root of the evils that endanger peace; and the co-operation of all other international, regional and national organizations which conduct or direct activities in the fields of development, financing, and technical and economic assistance must be obtained in order to seek adequate solutions to these questions and to apply them within the framework of a co-ordinated world-wide plan. 142. The Republic of Panama is also a member of the Organization of American States and its status as such imposes on it, within that regional system, obligations which are not incompatible with those incurred under the Charter of the United Nations. 143.”
1962-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 17 (1962)
“We must avail ourselves of this capacity and coordinate its use for the benefit of all peoples, in order once again to disprove the Malthusian theory that the rate of growth of the population outstrips the production of essential goods and that, when the imbalance reaches a critical point, equilibrium is restored through the wholesale extermination of entire sections of the population by disasters, pestilence, poverty and war. 141.”
1962-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 17 (1962)
“At the international level, the nations — as is the case with individuals at the national level — require as a corollary of their elementary right to exist that the world economy should be so organized and constructed as to enable each country to develop its productive capacity at least to the level needed in order to meet the basic needs of its population and of its progressive development. 139. Modern science and technology have shown that the land and water of our planet have the capacity to go on producing the supplies-needed by the world's population indefinitely. 140.”
1962-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 17 (1962)
“Every individual has the right to obtain, through his physical or intellectual work, the wherewithal to enable him to live with his dependants on a decent and adequate scale according to the circumstances of the society in Which they are living. 137. However, the growth of the world's population at an unprecedented rate, which reaches its peak in the under-developed regions or countries, has brought in its train a total, and serious imbalance between the production of supplies and the needs of the consumer populations. Whereas in the few rich and highly developed countries there is over-production and surplus stocks are accumulated, in the less developed countries, which are in the majority, production is so inadequate as to be unable to meet the needs of the increasing population, even by the lowest standards. 138.”
1962-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 17 (1962)
“We would also express our profound agreement Norodom Sihanouk of Cambodia during the general debate at the sixteenth session of the General Assembly: "Honour and freedom are possessions which, we prize and are determined to defend. In this respect, the United Nations constitutes the small and medium-sized countries' last hope of safeguarding their dignity." [1011th meeting]. 135. Peace is the supreme objective, for only through peace can the utmost happiness for all peoples be achieved. But peace, in its political connotation of normal tranquillity through the absence of violence and force, cannot be complete and lasting at either the national or the international level, if it is not founded on economic peace. 136.”
1962-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 17 (1962)
“Carlos Martínez Sotomayor, the Minister for Foreign Affairs of Chile, who said in the course of the statement that he made here last year [1019th meeting]: “... we trusted that the great world Powers would fulfil their obligations under the San Francisco Charter, which conferred upon them special privileges and special responsibilities for the maintenance of peace and security ... "We cannot go on putting our trust in the great Powers. We are in duty bound to safeguard the fate of our own countries ... Consequently, every nation and every Government must make the utmost effort to avert a general catastrophe." 134.”
1962-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 17 (1962)
“These is but one solution: namely, to rally together round the Charter in order to restrain in time any Power which, in the unbridled pursuit of its political, economic or ideological interests, might precipitate mankind into a new holocaust, more terrible than any that has been known, and to guide the conduct of the nations along paths which will lead to the solution of the vital problems of all peoples, the only way to achieve a permanent peace. 132. We agree with Mr. Nehru, the Prime Minister of India, who said in this very hall (1051st meeting) that the "great countries ... have the greatest responsibility because they possess the biggest weapons of warfare-nuclear weapons…”. 133. But we also agree with Mr.”
1962-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 17 (1962)
“United Nations fee power to make decisions is in fee hands of fee small nations, since they represent the immense majority; moreover they do exercise an influence, which may often prove decisive, on the conduct of the great Powers, which require the support and co-operation of the small nations for the furtherance of their political interests or economic purposes. 130. What can the small nations in this Organization do in order to save mankind from the new holocaust which is already looming over it, to save the existence of the United Nations and to ensure their own survival as States and as human groups? 131.”
1962-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 17 (1962)
“Yet amid this premonitory analogy between fee situation obtaining in 1936 and the present situation, there, are nevertheless differences which allow us to view with a certain optimism the capacity of the United Nations to save mankind from a new catastrophe. 128. In 1936 there were not among the members of the League of Nations such great nations as the United States, Germany, Japan and Brazil; and the structure of international relations at that time was such that the small nations had little influence on the decisions of fee organization or on the policies pursued by the great powers. 129. That situation no longer exists. A radical change has taken place. In the.”
1962-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 17 (1962)
“We have not drawn these comparisons between the world organization created by the Treaty of Versailles and that created by the San Francisco Charter for the sake of prophesying that the latter Will share the fate of the former. On the contrary, our fervent wish is that, being aware of the fate that befell the League and of the reasons and circumstances surrounding it, all States Members of the United Nations, especially the small nations who rely on it for the defence of their freedom and of their very existence, will join together, united in the name of solidarity, with the firm determination of preventing a repetition of that sad fate and of rescuing fee United Nations from fee crisis through which it is now passing, so that it may emerge successfully and with added strength from the, trial. 127.”
1962-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 17 (1962)
“124., The year 1936 also witnessed the phenomenon, or series, of phenomena, which today we call the "cold war". At that time the peace-loving Powers were faced with the choice between calling a halt to these phenomena at the risk of starting a war, or following a policy of appeasement in order to avoid that risk. They chose the latter course, but war came nevertheless. 125. Now, as then, we are faced with the same dilemma and there is no knowing whether the compromises and concessions made during the cold war will serve to prevent a hot war or whether on, the contrary their effect will be to make it more inevitable and more violent when it finally breaks out. 126.”
1962-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 17 (1962)
“Today the international scene is different from what it was in 1945, when the Charter was signed, and the composition Of the United Nations is also different from what it was at time of its establishment, the Charter should be revised to make it correspond to the characteristics and needs of the present day, so that the veto of a single nation, no matter how powerful, does not carry more weight than the votes of all the Member States in the General Assembly and, In particular so that the large number of Afro-Asian nations which have joined, the United Nations during the last live years may be appropriately represented In its organs and may be in a position to Contribute in their just proportion towards the strengthening of the United Nations and the more effective application of the purposes and principles proclaimed in the Charter.”
1962-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 17 (1962)
“120, The existence of but one powerful nation which is ambitious to expand or to predominate politically or, ideologically over the other nations is enough to make disarmament a pious and unattainable aspiration. 121. Curing the Seventeenth Assembly of the League of Nations, held in 1936, in the face of critical problems for whose solution the structure of the League did not provide adequate instruments, it became necessary to devote serious attention to the need to amend the Covenant. 122. Today, in the face of a similar situation., the same heed has arisen and there is already talk of the amendments that should be made to the San Francisco Charter in order to render it more functional and more effective. 123. This is without the slightest doubt a matter which should receive priority consideration.”
1962-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 17 (1962)
“"An arms race can only come about in an unstable international environment where ambitions and suspicions are rife; underlying such a situation there are always economic, political or ideological causes. So long as remedies for those causes are not sought, all the obligations contracted by nations to reduce armaments, in whatever way these obligations may be expressed, will be completely ineffective." 119. It takes no great effort to understand that the paragraph which we have just read on the question of disarmament in the League of Nations in 1936 is applicable, mutatis mutandis, to the same question before the United Nations today.”
1962-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 17 (1962)
“The United Nations has seen cases here — which again I shall not mention — in which, after agreement had been reached on specific measures to settle a conflict by the use of force, not all Member States cooperated to the requisite degree in the implementation of those measures and some flatly refused to do so. 118. Speaking of the reduction of armaments in accordance with Article 8 of the Covenant, which was a burning question at that time and is even more so today in the United Nations, the Panamanian representative said in 1936: "In an unstable international environment and in tire presence of immediate dangers or risks, and even with the possibility of future perils, every nation has what we might call a biological need to prepare for the defence of its existence and its welfare.”
1962-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 17 (1962)
“"But", the representative of Panama continued, "the most important lesson which we have learned from the Italo-Ethiopian conflict is that, even if the League were universal, Article 16 could still not operate in the manner desired in that conflict because there is no certainty that the explication of sanctions of a general character by all nations simultaneously can have the same effect in each of the nations applying them, or that they can evoke the same interest, determination, willingness or even understanding in all of them. 117.”
1962-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 17 (1962)
“In the United Nations, too, there have been cases — which I need not specify — of conflicts which have broken out because the United Nations proved unable to eliminate the factors that caused them and to find, peaceful solutions which might: have prevented them. 116., Speaking of the action to repel aggression contemplated in Article 16 of the Covenant, the representative of Panama said at that time: "Article 16 has proved completely ineffective because the 'sanctions' which it provides cannot work effectively against the ’aggressor' unless they are, universally applied, and universality of application cannot be achieved while there are nations outside the League.”
1962-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 17 (1962)
“In the United Nations, too, we have seen cases- which we need not mention now — in which a Member State has been attacked by another Member State or by a State not a member of the United Nations, without this Organization having been able to avert or halt the aggression. 114. Speaking of the prevention of conflicts, the Panamanian representative said at that time: "The League of Nations has failed in the application of peaceful solutions as a means to avoid, the use of force among nations, in the following cases: the Sino-Japanese, Colombo-Peruvian, Paraguay-Bolivian and Italo-Ethiopian "As for the timely elimination of the causes likely to engender conflicts, the activities of the League of Nations are practically non-existent." 115.”
1962-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 17 (1962)
“Referring to the preservation of the independence and integrity of States, as established in Article 10 of the Covenant of the League, the delegate of Panama at that time said: "In the Sino-Japanese case, no sooner did the League decide against Japan than that country left the League and passed beyond its reach, demonstrating that the League is incapable of protecting a Member State against another State outside the League. "In the Italo-Ethiopian case, despite the League's decision against Italy that nation did not withdraw from the League, which shows that Article 10 of the Covenant was similarly incapable of protecting a Member State against another powerful one." 113.”
1962-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 17 (1962)
“When the League of Nations held the seventeenth ordinary session of its Assembly, in 1936, it had already, after seventeen years, of existence and work, demonstrated its inability to fulfil any of the above four purposes: the arms race was proceeding at an accelerated pace and the imminent danger of a second world war was looming over the world. 111. Simply in order to show the similarity of that situation with the one now confronting us, we shall venture to compare a few remarks made by the delegation of Panama at that seventeenth Assembly in 1936 and our view of the situation today. 112.”
1962-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 17 (1962)
“If we compare the causes which led to the demise of the earlier organization and the perils which now threaten the existence of the Organization whose Member States we represent we shall be surprised and dismayed to find that history is repeating itself. 108. Like the United Nations, the League of Nations was created on the basis of the juridical equality of States, its purpose being the abolition of war and the maintenance of peace and security among nations. 109. The political functions entrusted to the League of Nations had four major purposes; to preserve the independence and territorial integrity of its members; to prevent conflicts by their peaceful settlement; to repel aggression; and to reduce armaments. 110.”
1962-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 17 (1962)
“104. We who love peace and want mankind to enjoy the inexhaustible benefits which peace can provide must struggle unceasingly and, untiringly to preserve, it through a constant application of the purposes and principles of the United Nations Charter. 105. History is a great teacher and it has given us valuable experience which can be of service to us and of which we must make use. 106. The situation through which the United Nations is now passing is not new in history. This Organization, which Was created with the signing of peace in 1945 after the Second World War, had as its precursor the League of Nations, created twenty-five years before with the signing of the Peace Treaty of Versailles, which brought the First World War to an end. 107.”
1962-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 17 (1962)
“Thus the very essence of the United Nations and the fundamental reason for its existence are to avert war, and to maintain peace. 101. Hence everything which endangers peace endangers the existence of this world Organization of nations. 102. The outbreak, of a new world war would compel the nations to align themselves with one or other of the belligerent camps, with no possibility of a peaceful rapprochement and the few nations which managed to maintain a precarious neutrality or indifference would not by themselves be capable of creating a viable new world organization. 103, This disquieting and distressing situation compels us to reflect. We cannot stand bemused before the danger which threatens to annihilate us, in an attitude of premature and stupid impotence, cravenly abandoning our ideals and our faith in the higher destiny of man.”
1962-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 17 (1962)
“Such a war threatens us with the total destruction of life and, would turn our planet into a vast, grim sarcophagus travelling through space, or, at the least, Would destroy a large proportion of mankind which, ironically enough, would undoubtedly include the people of the very nations which would use those weapons against each other in the same diabolical spirit of extermination. 98. The words with which the Charter of the United Nations opens are: “to save succeeding generations from the scourge of war, which twice in our lifetime has brought untold sorrow to mankind". 99. The words with which Article 1 of the Charter begins its enumeration of the purposes of the Organization are : "to maintain international peace and security". 100.”
1962-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 17 (1962)
“My delegation fervently hopes that in the near future colonies will have been reduced to a historical phenomenon hurled in the past, no longer in operation and without any possibility of resurgence in die future. 97. This General Assembly is meeting in a stormy atmosphere charged with anxiety, fear, uncertainty and anguished foreboding. We are all a prey to these feelings because we are all aware of the impending danger of a new War which would unleash the apocalyptic thermo-nuclear weapons we already know and perhaps others even more powerful which the demented mind of man may yet devise.”
1962-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 17 (1962)
“With the exception of a small number of European States and some oriental nations with age-old traditions of sovereignty, the vast majority of the nations, represented here have at some time in their history been colonies or subjected to the domination of foreign forces, Consequently every time |he United Nations admits new Members which have thrown off the yoke of colonialism or foreign domination, that should be a source of satisfaction to all its other, members. The Panamanian delegation wishes to express its pleasure at the admission of four new Members at this session: Rwanda and Burundi in Africa, and Jamaica and Trinidad and Tobago in the western hemisphere.”
1962-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 17 (1962)
“The delegation of Panama takes pleasure in extending its sincere and cordial congratulations to the President on his election to the Presidency of this seventeenth session of the General Assembly, a choice made on the basis of his unquestionable ability and merits. It is encouraging to see the representative of a small, free country guide this great and august world Organization and I hope that this practice, which has been followed year after year, will be continued as a symbol of the respect of the great, who are the minority, for the will of the small, who are the majority, by virtue of the fundamental principle of the juridical equality of all States. 96.”
1962-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 17 (1962)