YouSaid · the spoken record

Borgonovo Pohl

THE RECORD WRITES THIS SPEAKER AS BORGONOVO POHL

lines on the record: 113
first: 1972-09-24
most recent: 1975-09-24
sittings or episodes: 3
sources: un-general-debate

Every line below is reproduced as it was said and linked to the record it came from. Nothing here is summarised or generated. Directory · Search · Corrections

“In 1947 the General Assembly entrusted this declaration to the International Law Commission, but in 1951 the Assembly decided to postpone the question indefinitely because, purely and simply, the phraseology of resolution 596 (VI) of 7 December 1951 boils down to this and little more. 165. Today the item has cropped up again, but within a more clearly defined scope, in the sense that it deals with economic rights and duties, and this connotation defines the crucial facet of the problem as it occurs at present in international relations. El Salvador wishes to express its deep interest in this item and its desire that a rational agreement which would be fair to all countries should gradually emerge. 166. GATT and UNCTAD are seeking new models and instruments for international trade.”
1973-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 28 (1973)
“The fragmentary treatment of the problem, apart from the fact that it would complicate the finding of solutions, creates ambiguous and mistaken values in the development of international life. In any event, what the small countries fear from the great Powers at this time relates more to indirect aggression than to direct aggression. 164. The proclamation of a charter of economic rights and duties of States would undoubtedly be a very important step by the United Nations. Among its first concerns the United Nations wished to finalize a document on the rights and duties of States, drafted within the framework of the legal thinking which was then in vogue.”
1973-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 28 (1973)
“But we cannot conceal the concern we feel at the fact that the Special Committee on the Question of Defining Aggression has concentrated its efforts on the definition of direct aggression-which is precisely the type of aggression that tends, relatively, to be less frequent-and has side-stepped the true problem of our times, which is indirect aggression. The United Nations would be rendering very little service to this cause if it were to succeed in defining direct aggression. We can assume as of today that if we could agree on defining direct aggression, we would leave indirect aggression completely untouched, because the great Powers probably would have no interest in a solution to that issue. 163. With respect to aggression, the direct and indirect elements are interconnected in real political life.”
1973-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 28 (1973)
“It is relevant to point out here that, among these items, the item on aggression, first discussed by the General Assembly at its fifth session in 1950, was referred to the International Law Commission. 162. This problem, which is indeed a difficult one, last year gave some indication that it was closer to meeting with the proper treatment than had been the case previously, and we should welcome these remote and uncertain signs of light which will break the monotony of years of repetitive meetings and arguments.”
1973-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 28 (1973)
“The book entitled The Work of the International Law Commission sums up the activities of this important Commission over its 25 years of existence. My country, through me, wishes to express its deep appreciation of the Commission and its work. 161. In addition, El Salvador is particularly satisfied because this year one of its most outstanding jurists, Mr. Alfredo Martinez Moreno, was elected a member of the International Law Commission. We wish to offer our thanks to the members of the Commission and their Governments, and on this occasion we should like to restate our intention to contribute in a thoughtful, calm and continuing way to the analysis of the great subjects under discussion in legal circles today.”
1973-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 28 (1973)
“The commissions and committees of the United Nations which are working in this area have shown great energy, which, however, has never been sufficient, inasmuch as discrimination often appears in subtly concealed and stylized forms. 159. Discrimination, which has deep roots in history, is somewhat similar to the legendary hydra of Lerna, because when you cut off one of its seven heads another one grows. The attitude of vigilance and denunciation is necessary in order to keep this disturbing force in the international and internal social order on the defensive. 160. The twenty-fifth anniversary of the International Law Commission marks a milestone in the gradual legal organization of the international community.”
1973-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 28 (1973)
“To this end, unfortunately, the historical frequency of natural disasters makes it advisable to establish an organism along the lines that I have sketched out which would have a broader organizational structure than that inherent in the function of mere co-ordinator. Accordingly, within the existing Charter we could, in administrative terms, readjust certain activities as a means of working out the global strategy to which I have already referred. 158. The United Nations has maintained a consistent policy against discrimination on the basis of race, sex, religion or nationality. Its work in this respect can be described as positive, because it has helped to strengthen world opinion and to influence national legislation and State policies in order to ensure that every possible vestige of arbitrary discrimination is eliminated.”
1973-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 28 (1973)
“We also consider that the Economic and Social Council should have more well-defined powers so that it can carry out its function of co-ordinating activities of specialized agencies by means of consultation. 157. Turning to another activity, the United Nations relief operations, we have noted that these tend to grow and therefore should have their own structure. Just as we have given thought to an organization for the preservation of the human environment, which is limited in many aspects, particularly in regard to the number of staff members and employees, we should think of a relief unit which would organize international assistance in case of natural disasters.”
1973-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 28 (1973)
“And if we follow this course of action which we are recommending, we are sure that it will have its beneficial effects in the similar treatment of the most critical problems that can come before the United Nations for decision when we least expect them to crop up. 155. Moreover, the United Nations must put in order and centralize its human rights activities which at present are widely scattered, and it needs to consider the creation of a council on human rights which would take charge of these matters since, owing to their exceptional importance, they require unified treatment. As the work of the Trusteeship Council diminishes for lack of subject matter, the council on human rights should take its place. 156.”
1973-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 28 (1973)
“" it is logical to answer that such matters would not be involved in this exercise because these crises derive from forces, the control of which is beyond the international organizations; but for these contingencies the United Nations should prepare means of action. Thus it is well known that this highest world Organization is lagging in the important area of peace-keeping operations. In respect of many other activities it is possible-and, more than possible, necessary-to bring to bear the experience and the techniques of organization, planning, forecasting and evaluation that the United Nations possesses.”
1973-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 28 (1973)
“This exercise would not be theoretical but practical; it would not be a laborious exposition of ideas but a reasoned and reasonable forecast of possible goals in terms of means and foreseeable time-periods. In this era of projections, the United Nations should, at least over the medium range, set up its own system of forecasts. It is paradoxical that what we hope that the United Nations will do in the next five years cannot be forecast with certainty except by guesswork and premonition, while the United Nations, through its specialized agencies and its own bodies, emphasizes the advantages of planning. 154. To the question, "What do we expect of the United Nations and what can the United Nations offer with regard to political crises?”
1973-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 28 (1973)
“If we postpone the analysis, the alternative would be to examine the establishment of the global action strategy of the United Nations. That involves the spelling out of specific objectives and intermediate goals by stages of achievement of the lofty aims which were adopted in the Charter with their corresponding pace and means of realization. This is to say that it will be appropriate to substitute for the annual improvisation an annual application of stages and goals set down for a certain number of years, and exert every possible effort to ensure that the measures called for in the economic, civic, administrative, social and juridical fields are converted into plans. 153.”
1973-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 28 (1973)
“In accordance with this approach we could offset the spirit of those who consider that it is possible to anticipate that by 1974 new dilatory tactics will be witnessed and that if, finally, the General Assembly takes the appropriate decision, which would be the creation of a special committee with an adequate mandate to consider the revision of the Charter, there will be no dearth of countries that will hesitate to become members of that committee, following the precedent that was set down by the Special Committee on the World Disarmament Conference. The way marked out can be followed again by other figures in order to avoid any activity which might be a source of irritation. The revision of the Charter would then, as of today, if this prevailing natural pessimism is not overcome, seem to be doomed to failure. 152.”
1973-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 28 (1973)
“While El Salvador, basing itself on the political logic on which this attitude is founded, shares this approach, I should like, following this same logic out to the very end, that the modification should not be limited to a single aspect, the importance of which is self-evident but which of course does not exhaust the series of problems of the Security Council and much less those inherent in the Charter.”
1973-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 28 (1973)
“The procedure adopted with respect to the revision of the Charter is obviously a dilatory tactic and in harmony with the interests and intentions of those who, because they find themselves very comfortable, do not wish to change one iota of what has been established which, of course, is frankly contrary to the dynamic nature of modern-day realities. 151. None the less, at the outset of this stage of general statements we have heard raised in this hall the voice of an eminent representative of an influential country authorized to fight for a position which unequivocally implies a modification of the United Nations Charter, in claiming- and we believe that this is intended for the not-too-distant future — a change in the composition of the Security Council.”
1973-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 28 (1973)
“The proposal for the revision of the United Nations Charter received an honourable burial in resolution 2968 (XXVII), which held over to the twenty- ninth session the consideration of the report that the Secretary-General was to prepare on the communications of Governments that had been received before 1 July 1974 concerning the "desirability" of a revision of the Charter. The productive section of this resolution is the request to the Secretary-General to bring up to date the Repertory of Practice of United Nations Organs. 150.”
1973-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 28 (1973)
“We also wish to extend a welcome to the Commonwealth of the Bahamas, with which we shall maintain close relations. 148. This year some aspects of overriding importance command our attention. Some pertain to the structural nature of the Organization itself and others deal with the problems of exceedingly topical importance because of their impact on the foundations of peaceful coexistence among nations, and we shall try to deal with some of those aspects, emphasizing the views which my Government, as a result of continuing detailed consideration, has formulated on these problems. 149. In 1972 the minorities succeeded in blocking the intentions of the significant majorities, thus demonstrating that sometimes, more than numbers, the determination with which causes that are being defended are advanced is more important.”
1973-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 28 (1973)
“Stanislaw Trepczynski, in so ably guiding the work of this General Assembly at the last session. 146. I take pleasure in extending an exceedingly warm welcome to the new Member States of the United Nations, the Federal Republic of Germany and the German Democratic Republic. One of the sponsors of the draft resolution for their admission [A/L.698/Rev.l], as this Assembly knows, was El Salvador, in deference to the spirit of universality which should prevail in this Organization and as a gesture of recognition of the efforts of both Governments to overcome their differences by means of an honourable understanding. Their example is worthy of emulation. My country will always be prepared to support such initiatives which tend to overcome existing problems. e 147.”
1973-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 28 (1973)
“145. Mr. President, I have the honour of beginning this statement by conveying to you the warmest congratulations of my Government and my delegation on the unanimous agreement reached by the General Assembly in electing you to preside over its twenty-eighth session. Your presence at the head of this Assembly as a distinguished citizen of Ecuador and, in addition, a representative of true Latin Americanism, is a full guarantee of the efficient and harmonious development of its work, since we all recognize that you are a person who possesses in the highest degree the qualities of intellect, experience and broad-mindedness that we need. We should also, in order to be fair, associate ourselves with previous speakers who have recognized the meritorious work of Mr.”
1973-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 28 (1973)
“We do so in our desire for peace, motivated by our law-abiding spirit and our feeling of solidarity for and understanding of the problems and aspirations of the members of the international community.”
1972-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 27 (1972)
“We enthusiastically participate in its work and in its programs, and we realize that after several centuries of international relations governed by the law of force the process of institutionalizing the international community has to be comparatively slow. As Members of the United Nations, we take criticisms of the United Nations as criticisms of ourselves. The United Nations will go only as far as its Members really wish it to go. We are committed to a common task, called upon to influence decisively the lives of each and every one of its peoples. That is why we reiterate our determination to work loyally and most actively for the attainment of the purposes of the United Nations.”
1972-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 27 (1972)
“Without these two elements, one of which is objective and the other mental, the complex negotiations which it undertakes would lack maturity. In the negotiating process haste sometimes means delay, and the distances covered are not measured by a dose of impatience nor by improvisations. 140. Essentially the United Nations is a great instrument for co-operation in fact, the most complex and extensive which is compatible with the survival of national States. For the present there is nothing in the international community that can replace it. We are firmly in favor of strengthening the United Nations at the political, economic and legal levels.”
1972-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 27 (1972)
“The international community must defend itself from terrorism, which is poisoning international relations and wants to substitute the pressure of fear for the persuasion of reason; threats for negotiation; and desperate, passionate and insensate acts for the evolutionary process of institutions. 138. The United Nations is a world forum of great resonance; but it is also, and should continue to be, an organizing brain and, in some areas, an arm to give force to the Charter, which, to a large extent, is a set of goals and a handful of contractual obligations to ensure co-operation. 139. The United Nations has its intrinsic limitations; therefore its negotiations require two elements: time and patience.”
1972-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 27 (1972)
“If it is really intended to organize the international community, one must observe the realities on which it is patterned. It is a matter of emphasizing education, training and skilled know-how, of studying motivation and incentive techniques, and of finding a reasonable international division of labour. 137. Even the best technical and human plans will be relegated to the sphere of speculation if the international community fails to establish a minimum of security. Principles and rules for peaceful coexistence among States have been agreed to; but now groups outside the context of States, but whose conduct influences inter-State relations, are making their own law: the law of indiscriminate and irrational violence.”
1972-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 27 (1972)
“Finally, on what is called the high seas-which would cease to be the privileged possession of the first comer or of the strongest-a more complex regime of international co-participation would be established, and contributory levies would be set up by general agreement among all States. 135. Since no world government exists, such a regime would function on the basis of treaties and, hence, through the centers which create international agreements, namely States; but as for management and administration, unless stagnation is the plan, a careful system of majority decision would have to be established-of course, without the right of veto-but by a well distributed and balanced majority. 136. These ideas are expressed within the framework of interdependence of interests and are therefore totally devoid of the concept of any gift.”
1972-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 27 (1972)
“They will also have to exist in the international community, even though they may now appear to be shrouded in clouds of Utopia. 134. Some of the most acute conflicts of interest in the new regime of the seas could be attenuated if a really operative means of generalized co-participation could be devised in regard to these artificially distributed riches, since water, fish, plankton, tides, etc. recognize no boundaries. As the ocean is the main reserve of mankind, a coastal band could be drawn for the exclusive use of the coastal country, with some commitment to contribute voluntarily to an international development fund. There would then be an additional band for the exploitation of which a small mandatory contribution would be set, to be agreed upon between the coastal State and the international community.”
1972-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 27 (1972)
“It may be predicted that one day such taxes will be paid on carefully selected productive activities, which will most patently show that many countries contribute to them, either by titular right, as in the case of the resources of the international sea-bed, or when businesses prosper and profits are earned with the contributions of many countries, as in the case of multi-national companies. When we speak of marine resources we refer not only to those of the international sea-bed, but also to biological resources. And since we have to start somewhere, the sea appears to be the most appropriate object of taxation. 133. In opposing international taxes, arguments similar to those against national taxes will be used: it will be said that they raise costs, discourage production, etc., but the fact of the matter is that national taxes do exist.”
1972-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 27 (1972)
“This is not the case in unbalanced international trade, in which the unbridled inflation of the industrialized countries, which in some measure reflects higher salaries and better living conditions, has no appropriate counterpart. Therefore, it is really frustrating that, even if viewed with understanding, and although targets and wills were renewed, the third session of UNCTAD was little short of a failure. 132. It is time we gave thought to other ways of solving this world-wide problem by removing its causes and dealing with them and their consequences. I have in mind something which at this time of exacerbated pragmatism may appear to be purely Utopian, but of which much will be said in the future: international taxes.”
1972-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 27 (1972)
“Under-development, influenced by the combined presence of different, closely linked economies, is a world-wide problem—one for the United Nations and the specialized agencies. What is more, as some countries evolve from one category to another, the situation for the remainder will become even more difficult, and the need for a world-wide policy will be pressing. If matters are governed merely by social and political mechanics, in all likelihood under-development will become the mandatory fate of a large part of mankind and the euphemism of new models will then be sought. 131. Trade will have to remain the major source of development-financing. This is definitely an improvement on indebtedness.”
1972-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 27 (1972)
“Thus it is well-known that, among other things, the under-developed countries, with their squalid economies, help to pay for the unbridled and uncontrollable inflation of the industrialized countries; that monetary operations carried out without their knowledge or participation cause them serious disturbances; and that the policy of low prices for their export goods is one of the causes of their indebtedness, since they cannot maintain their programs with their exports, in other words, with the fruits of their labor. 130. With the case presented thus, it is apparent that under-development is not a problem which can be dealt with entirely at the national level, and that an international approach becomes indispensable.”
1972-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 27 (1972)
“In the international community, which is ever smaller measured in relative terms because of faster communications, a phenomenon similar to development in national States occurs: absorbent areas make prosperity a privilege, even though it may be an undesired privilege, while at its expense the rest of the provinces vegetate. The provinces which vegetate continue to maintain the prosperity of the large cities and industrial centers, and the rural population, which traditionally lags behind industrial interests, pays its quota of sacrifices to maintain the cities. The underdeveloped areas of the world pay their quota in maintaining the high standard of living of the developed countries, even though that is not the result of deliberate policies or of any thought-out intention.”
1972-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 27 (1972)
“That valuable resource, which is wasted in under-development, could to some extent be used in self-help programs. 128. Local training in administrative and managerial skills on a scale suitable to raise efficiency levels in all public and private activities in the under-developed countries combined with self-help programs, whose techniques would have to be disseminated on a broad scale, and with the assistance of the discovery and application of a methodology to provide incentives and motivation for the people, could generate the internal forces of development at an accelerated rate. 129.”
1972-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 27 (1972)
“Europe was able to recover rapidly after the Second World War because it had highly qualified human resources. The Marshall Plan was a success in Europe because of that human base. The United Nations and the specialized agencies, while they have worked to that end and for that purpose, have created important services, but could place even more emphasis on, and devote more resources and efforts to, education and training. It is well known that administrative and management skills are lacking in the under-developed countries. 127. The under-developed countries do not know how to utilize their most valuable resources human resources, which are undervalued today because of unemployment and low levels of knowledge and skill. Underemployment sometimes amounts to 50 per cent of the potentially usable labor force.”
1972-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 27 (1972)
“Furthermore, one must seriously consider an international division of labor and therefore the complementary character of regions so that each country will efficiently produce that which it is best fitted to produce. It should be left entirely to the under-developed countries to perform the economic activities for which their conditions are the best. Thus sugar and cotton, which some developed countries produce, paying subsidies to do so, and which they use to keep world market prices artificially low, should be the first products to be completely in the hands of the under-developed countries. 126. International assistance for development has had a series of achievements, but also a number of deficiencies and gaps which it is time to evaluate. There has been insufficient emphasis on the human side that is to say, on education and training.”
1972-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 27 (1972)
“Their role is to bring about order and to defend themselves, and definitely tends to compensate for the negotiating weakness of one of the parties in order to restore balance of treatment in dealing with the industrialized countries, which daily raise the prices for their technology, machinery and services, but are alarmed when there is an increase of a few cents in the prices of the commodities they purchase from the under-developed countries. It can be demonstrated that over a 15-year period those few cents, which are very uncertain because they fluctuate, creating illusion and despair, are very much lower than rises sustained without any known decline in the cost of industrial products and technological services. 125.”
1972-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 27 (1972)
“Thus, the meetings of the Special Committee on Latin American Co-ordination, better known as CECLA, the prior meetings of the under-developed countries in UNCTAD, the meetings of countries exporting coffee and other products are all meetings which, like those on coffee, are devoid of any character of conspiracy and are alien to the purpose of organizing cartels. Nor do they intend to distribute markets among themselves or to exercise pressure on them.”
1972-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 27 (1972)
“But as for its lasting character, one of the factors at stake though not the only one is the overwhelming attraction exerted by the great industrial cordon of the Northern Hemisphere, which, independent of the wishes and purposes of peoples and governments, increases and, within the law of social forces, is unfavorable to the weaker areas. Only an international social policy based on the sociology of the international community and directed by criteria of justice could reverse that trend. 124. World trade unduly reflects power relations, and the imbalance in the terms of trade is a consequence of those relations. It is therefore quite normal, indeed, necessary, for the under-developed countries to strengthen their negotiating capacity by means of consultations and agreements so as to present a united front to the industrialized countries.”
1972-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 27 (1972)
“There are no islands of prosperity, because problems transcend separatist and separating barriers and render any convenient indifference impossible. 123. A few hours' flight south of the megalopolis of New York, the political center of the world because it is the location of United Nations Headquarters, under-development begins, with its entourage of frustrations and insecurities. It extends south on the American continent, and continues in Africa, Asia and Oceania. The causes of this phenomenon are not well determined and must remain a subject for studies on sociology, history, economics and politics.”
1972-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 27 (1972)
“For i.hat very reason the industrialized countries have not come to consider that problem as their problem. Of course this attitude is consistent with the division of the world into national States, and perhaps it can be penetrated with a new alignment of States in the regions which are integrated. Part of the assistance pro-grammes has been subscribed to and maintained by not only political but also cultural and technical prestige and influence. 122. Growing interdependence is one of the dynamic characteristics of the contemporary international community, and some problems go completely beyond the capacity for decision and the power of national States, even of the strongest. One cannot create barriers and believe that indifference to what happens outside is in the national interest.”
1972-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 27 (1972)
“It is maintained today that we have to conceive of another model of development, very appropriate to the under-developed countries and different from that of the industrialized countries. This idea must be managed very cautiously because, while it might respond to the principle of being adjusted to the circumstances of time and place, which is very valuable socially, it could lead to the prolonged condemnation of a sector of mankind in regard to the advantages of the use of technology and deprive that sector of an active contribution to the great process of mastering nature and fully developing the potential capabilities of man. 121. Much may be said, but the fact is that the industrialized countries are only half convinced that the development of the less developed countries will objectively be of benefit to them.”
1972-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 27 (1972)
“Emilio Rabasa, that the underdeveloped world have a permanent seat on the Security Council, with the rights and the obligations provided for in the Charter. This idea should be retained and explored. Indeed, the under-developed world as a whole constitutes a considerable political force; its presence on the Council, with legal equality with the five great Powers, would introduce a healthy political balance in the United Nations. Some special rules could be examined: for example, the rotation of the countries designated, relatively lengthy periods of the exercise of that lofty position, and agreement on rules and criteria whereby the State representing the developing countries would make use of the prerogatives inherent in a permanent seat on the Security Council. 120.”
1972-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 27 (1972)
“The disorderly and irrational use of technology requires that we think of the destiny of man on his planet. The world of the future must be international and to a large degree transnational; but as long as there is no basic revision of the mechanisms of world power, the under-developed countries will have to use legal and political methods which have been somewhat superseded by time but which constitute their means of defense. Thus, despite growing interdependence, they will have to work with national States, sovereignty, the legal equality of States and the host of principles and doctrines which represent the international strength of national States. 119. During this general debate the Assembly has heard the suggestion made at the 2050th meeting by the Foreign Minister of Mexico, Mr.”
1972-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 27 (1972)
“Furthermore, the distribution of the world into north-south sectors would increase the political dependence of the corresponding under-developed countries. The scheme could be freed from its political ambiguities if it were to go hand in hand with a profound revision of the machinery and habits of the exercise of power. 117. In the great world-wide interplay of interests the under-developed countries benefit from the existence of several power centers, with which they can alternately negotiate and in respect of which they will in some measure learn to benefit from their competition, not to say their dissensions. The bipolar structure of the last 20 years has offered less margin for negotiation than the quadri-polar structure, which seems to be what is going to happen in the last decades of the twentieth century. 118.”
1972-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 27 (1972)
“This scheme, which would divide the world into vertical zones of close association between developed and under-developed countries, is conceived of as an alternative to find a way out of the deadlock in which this major question is being debated and in regard to which the development strategy of the United Nations has proved to be powerless. Within that theory a world-wide approach would be to some measure replaced by a regional approach. 116. This scheme has attractive points, but it is delineated within "the means which have already been abundantly used to promote development and there is nothing to guarantee that if these means have been ineffective on a world-wide scale they would not be equally so on a regional scale.”
1972-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 27 (1972)
“Tilings have their time and their reason, and postponements make inadequate that which was calculated for circumstances which have since been superseded. 115. Some Latin American politicians, intellectuals and technicians have sponsored and disseminated a scheme for vertical regional development, which would mean that a group of industrialized countries would take charge of a group of under-developed countries so that both groups would be connected between themselves by means of exclusive tariff preferences and other benefits.”
1972-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 27 (1972)
“Today we are being sold another means, birth control, which some countries refuse to buy. 114. Without prejudice to the validity of what has been done and said, thought and planned, the fact is that the gap between the developed and the developing countries is widening, and this indicates that the means chosen have been inadequate as compared with the objectives, probably because those means have fallen short of the needs. The problem of development has never won complete and unwavering understanding among the developed countries; and so when after laborious negotiations what is deemed appropriate is obtained, it is already insufficient. That is what happened, for example, with the famous 1 per cent transfer of the gross national product of the industrialized countries.”
1972-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 27 (1972)
“Since development became a conscious and rational objective of the international community and it started with the United Nations system and the specialized agencies several means of development have been attempted, among which it is worth while to recall the following: first, multilateral technical assistance, the most outstanding exponents of which are the United Nations Development Program, the United Nations Industrial Development Organization and the United Nations Institute for Training and Research; second, financial assistance through banks and funds on a world-wide, regional and even subregional basis; third, the mass transfer of science and technology; fourth, private and public investments; fifth, world-wide trade arrangements by way of UNCTAD, which is one of the most valuable forums for developing countries.”
1972-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 27 (1972)
“Within this reassessment one would have to rethink completely and from the very beginning-the problems of development and under-development on a world-wide scale, because it must be recognized that all the efforts and programs, which are good in themselves, have fallen short of expectations and that all policies of technical assistance, trade, transfer of economic and technological resources, investments and loans, and so on have proved to be insufficient although we do recognize that had such programs and policies been lacking the gap between the two groups of countries into which the international community is divided would have been far greater. 113.”
1972-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 27 (1972)
“It is a matter of urgency to reassess internal relations by criteria of justice, that is to say, to transfer to the international level, mutatis mutandis, the sense of justice with which national contemporary States have readjusted and carried out their functions and consequently changed their image, structure and significance. 112.”
1972-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 27 (1972)
“The worst attitude would be one of conformity, that of giving in to an overwhelming, asphyxiating reality without a future, which tends to convert the mechanisms of the international community into a repetition of those which caused so much sorrow and so many irrational situations in the past. Knowing that in this case there is no immediate and definite expectation, we can only cross swords for what Should be, for that which is in line with a constructive collaboration between States, for that which leads to a new world order based on collective security, and on relations measured by justice, for that which leads to an international social policy.”
1972-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 27 (1972)