YouSaid · the spoken record

Diria

THE RECORD WRITES THIS SPEAKER AS DIRIA

lines on the record: 61
first: 1991-09-24
most recent: 1992-09-24
sittings or episodes: 2
sources: un-general-debate

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“Viewed from this perspective, it is intolerable that any section of the same human family should not enjoy basic economic, social, cultural, political and civil rights. The human family of nations must not only examine the underlying causes of conflicts, injustice and underdevelopment, it must also seek to change social relationships and transform social structures in such a way that a more just, equal and dignified world emerges. That new world order awaits us. That world order beckons to us. It is a world order we must strive to achieve.”
1992-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 47 (1992)
“Tanzania believes that these regional organizations provide the foundation for collective action in fostering South-South economic cooperation, enhancing the democratization of international relations, and renewing democratic debate and dialogue between nations, especially North-South multilateral negotiations, which are currently at a stalemate. The end of the cold war should enhance rather than confuse our resolve to build a new world order based on freedom, justice, equality and the development of humanity as a single family. This approach is the one we must take in the present period, when poor States and peoples are becoming poorer and the rich are becoming richer, and must be seen as the real meaning of democracy at national and global levels.”
1992-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 47 (1992)
“None of the present changes in the international system has undermined these central features of the 400-year-old State system. The number and identity of hegemonies may change over time, but the existence and nature of the struggle namely, the demand for the State system to function according to the universality principle and for equality and justice between States has not changed. The plight of developing nations underscores the significance of the Non-Aligned Movement and the Organization of African Unity in the struggle to bring equality and justice for the affairs of humanity.”
1992-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 47 (1992)
“As I stated earlier, the United Nations alone cannot succeed unless it cooperates with regional organizations such as the Non-Aligned Movement and the Organization of African Unity, which represent the aspirations of developing nations. The roles of the Non-Aligned Movement and the Organization of African Unity are not unique to modern third-world or African conditions. The modern State system has historically been characterized by the struggle for human freedom and development. This resolve has emanated from two concurrent historical tendencies: on the one hand, great-Power hegemony and exploitation; and, on the other hand, the opposition of the overwhelming majority of the medium and small States to that exploitation.”
1992-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 47 (1992)
“Indeed, questions such as how the disparities between the poor and the rich can be reduced or why global markets fail to meet the needs of the world's poorest focus on the restraining problem of human development. Tanzania has followed with great interest the efforts by the Secretary-General to restructure the United Nations. Tanzania believes that reform and restructuring of the United Nations, involving both the intergovernmental machinery and the Secretariat, should foster a more efficient and effective structure without marginalizing the interests of the Member States, and especially the developing countries.”
1992-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 47 (1992)
“is a process which enables human beings to realize their potential, build self-confidence, and lead lives of dignity and fulfilment. It is a process which frees people from fear of want and exploitation, and is also a process of growth, a society that is developing development is people-centred efforts of the people, by and for the people". This correct conception of development covers the essential variables of human development, such as putting people at the centre of any development, the correlation between human development and human freedom, advanced levels of economic activity, and equitable domestic and global distributions of income and opportunity.”
1992-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 47 (1992)
“The soundness and efficacy of the policies aside, many of the domestic reforms also depend on a supportive external environment at regional and global levels on such important issues as debt-servicing burdens, capital flows, market access and commodity prices. Several conclusions can be drawn from an analysis of the global economy, amongst which are, first, that economic divisions and rivalries inevitably produce political conflicts; and, secondly, that there is a lopsided global interdependence of growing inequalities within and between nations, which cannot be resolved through narrow conceptions of power politics. There can be no genuine democracy where development strategies do not centre on humankind. As the South Commission report aptly defines it, development "...”
1992-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 47 (1992)
“Total African-region output increased by only 1.9 per cent in 1991, compared with 3.2 per cent in 1990, while the non-oil-exporting countries' average rate of growth of combined output! fell from 1.7 per cent to 0.5 per cent in 1991. Southern Africa has the added problem of the worst drought in recent memory, which threatens about 100 million people. The gloomy economic indicators coincide with the post-cold-war development of changes in the domestic policies of many developing countries, including Tanzania. Restructuring is designed to enhance the dynamism of national economies through the provision of economic enterprise and innovation and opening up to the operation of market forces.”
1992-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 47 (1992)
“World per capita output remained unchanged in 1990, fell by 2 per cent in 1991 and is expected to fall again, by about 1 per cent, in 1992. Developing countries as a whole have for two consecutive years have undergone an unprecedented decline in their per capita incomes. As the Group of 77 has consistently pointed out, economic growth in the South has been countered by inequality in the global monetary, financial and trade systems and by dwindling resource flows, debt burdens, restrictions on the transfer of technology, denial of market access, adverse terms of trade and declines in the prices of the primary commodities that the South produces. Among the developing countries, the African region was the worst hit.”
1992-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 47 (1992)
“However, an effective global legal regime presupposes the existence of sound economic and political institutions: there is a mutually reinforcing relationship. The end of the cold war has tended to strengthen international concern over a systematic policy framework for human development, and has provided the opportunity for a greater range of sophisticated analyses and strategies on the question of development. As I have stated previously, a sound new world order based on human freedom is possible only in a reorganized global society where structural inequalities and injustices are systematically eradicated. Yet the Fourth United Nations Development Decade is beginning from an unpromising base. Global macroeconomic indicators for the last 18 months reveal a bleak picture.”
1992-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 47 (1992)
“Any durable international system must have a sound legal regime, including respect for and compliance with the rule of law at domestic and international levels and a democratic pattern of interaction. It is in this context that the General Assembly's declaration of the United Nations Decade of International Law, from 1990 to 1999, must be supported. This declaration is a clear indication of the concerted efforts of the United Nations in the legal field to advance the search for a new world order. The Secretary-General has underlined this very important point in his recommendation for a much more effective use of the International Court of Justice, including acceptance of the Court's compulsory jurisdiction.”
1992-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 47 (1992)
“Tanzania applauds the efforts of the Secretary-General of the United Nations, the Secretary-General of the Organization of African Unity, the Organization of the Islamic Conference, the Arab League and individual Governments in providing humanitarian assistance and in searching for a political solution in Somalia. In January this year the Security Council requested the Secretary-General to study and make recommendations on ways to strengthen and make more efficient the United Nations capacity for preventive diplomacy, peacemaking and peace-keeping in accordance with the United Nations Charter. Tanzania commends the Secretary-General on his prompt, comprehensive and thought-provoking response.”
1992-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 47 (1992)
“Where the very survival of humanity is at stake, where the outbreaks and the level of violence reach enormous proportions, threatening the very fabric of human civilization, and where ethnic conflicts might necessitate external intervention and thus threaten international peace and security, the United Nations must be able to act promptly and decisively. Somalia is a typical example. My delegation calls upon all parties involved in the conflict to exercise restraint, to cooperate in facilitating the distribution of humanitarian assistance and to set up a government of national reconciliation.”
1992-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 47 (1992)
“I reiterate that the United Nations, and especially the Security Council, must be reformed because it is based on an outmoded concept of international peace and security. The maintenance of peace and security cannot be exclusively focused on traditional peace-keeping or peacemaking, nor can it be left the exclusive domain of the Security Council. There is also an economic, social and moral obligation to the international community as a whole. The tragic conflicts in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Somalia indicate that the traditional United Nations peace-keeping methods have outlived their utility.”
1992-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 47 (1992)
“While security refers to the absence of direct violence, peace focuses on the absence of the structural violence of institutionalized injustice and inequalities. This approach is a sine qua non for development, democracy and justice, and for peace and security in general. The conception of a new world order must begin with the reforms in the United Nations and emphasize the important role of regional organizations such as the Organization of African Unity and the Non-Aligned Movement. The role of the United Nations must be reinterpreted to foster emancipation from underdevelopment, injustice, inequalities and political domination. It must spearhead both democracy and liberty in general, and the economic capacity to enjoy that liberty meaningfully.”
1992-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 47 (1992)
“From time immemorial, philosophers have reminded practitioners of the primacy of human freedom that is possible in society and through society only when structural inequalities and injustices have been eradicated. Any new world order ought to be based on the greatest good, and in the guarantee of equality and freedom for all. It must be based on the genuine maintenance of peace and security in the broader sense of preventive diplomacy, peacemaking, peace-keeping and peace-fostering. For one can maintain security without necessarily maintaining peace, as the former may require measures that uphold the status quo, while the latter could require actions aimed at altering the existing situation.”
1992-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 47 (1992)
“Indeed, the debate in the United Nations during the last two sessions of the General Assembly has been dominated by one theme: the unprecedented opportunity created by the end of the cold war to create a new world order. There is no doubt that the end of super-Power rivalry has contributed significantly to the ending of a number of conflicts, including those in Afghanistan, Angola, Cambodia and Namibia. This historic opportunity has facilitated increased United Nations involvement in peace-keeping and peacemaking activities in many parts of the world. However, a new world Older must be based on the linkage between freedom and development, justice, peace, security and democracy within nations and among nations.”
1992-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 47 (1992)
“Thus, the task for the international community after the historic Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro will be to merge, wisely, environmental policies with socio-economic development. Tanzania looks to the establishment of a high-level commission on sustainable development under Article 68 of the Charter. The period from 1987 to 1992 could be regarded as an extraordinary moment, one which has opened up opportunities to confront and surmount the old and new instabilities and challenges to peace and security. Typical of the period of transition in the international system, negotiations, as a peace-making and policy-making instrument, have assumed renewed significance in resolving old and new issues.”
1992-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 47 (1992)
“Environmental growth, that is, the provisions of resources to raise living standards, is necessary to eradicate poverty. Environmental conditionality must, by and large, be eradicated. Without ignoring the relationship between technology and environmental degradation, the present conditionalities on the provision of foreign assistance is a diversion which tends to conceal real issues that hinder development efforts. The developing countries are responsible for only a small part of the pressures on the global environment. Environmental democracy refers to participation by the developing countries in the decision-making procedures in multilateral institutions involving finance for the environment. Another component of environmental democracy is to ensure that the question of economic development is not subsumed under environmental concerns.”
1992-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 47 (1992)
“As witnessed at the Earth Summit held in Rio de Janeiro, humanity now faces one of its most serious sources of insecurity, the ecological ill-health of the planet itself. Asymmetries in non-sustainable development and industrialization, economic development and resource politics are at the heart of the environmental debate. Tanzania, like most other developing nations, has four major concerns over the environment, namely: environmental space; environmental growth; environmental conditionally; and environmental democracy. To explain these concerns, we have to emphasize that the developed nations must reduce pressure on the environment through corrective action to enable developing countries, including Tanzania, to achieve environmental space for industrialization.”
1992-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 47 (1992)
“Since the Madrid Conference, several rounds of talks have been held. There have been at least two outstanding obstacles to successful negotiations: Israel's refusal to accept a Palestinian delegation composed of members of the Palestine Liberation Organization, and Jewish refusal to freeze settlements in occupied areas. There can be no successful mediation in which the Palestinians, as one of the parties, are continuously denied legitimacy. While Tanzania supports all international efforts to resolve the conflict in the Middle East, the mediation process must be based on the presumed equality of the parties to the conflict. Effective mediation must also proceed from a clear consent and valid representation of all the parties to the conflict. What has been said of regional conflicts can also be stated of the environment.”
1992-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 47 (1992)
“Tanzania would like to congratulate them upon this great achievement, and to pay tribute to the Chairman and Secretary-General of the Organization of African Unity, to neighbouring States and to other countries for their contributions to these efforts. Angola and Mozambique have endured long periods of internal conflict. As we meet here today, Angola has successfully completed a crucial multi-party general election and Mozambique has recently signed a joint declaration with RENAMO. These developments will determine the peace and security interests of the two countries. Tanzania commends the Governments and peoples of Angola and Mozambique for having taken the path of reconciliation and accommodation. Unfortunately, the optimism expressed on Angola and Mozambique cannot be extended to the intractable problems of the Middle East.”
1992-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 47 (1992)
“In short, these conflicts have thwarted African efforts towards economic recovery and peaceful transformation to a democratic order. Thus, while encouraging Africa to transform its political and economic systems, the developed nations have a moral and historical duty to assist the continent in pursuing a sustainable development strategy that is people-oriented. Such assistance will ensure that Africa pursues genuine development and rids itself of a major cause of internal conflicts. In the last year, Tanzania has been host and facilitator to mediation efforts in the conflict in Rwanda. I am pleased to inform the Assembly that the Government of Rwanda and the Rwandese Patriotic Front have been able to achieve a cease-fire to set the stage for a lasting political solution.”
1992-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 47 (1992)
“Looking at the areas of conflict, it appears as if, all of a sudden, the conclusion of the cold war has given way to a kind of Hobbesian state of nature in which peoples and nations are caught in perpetual conflict and competition over land, resources, food, labour and markets. In the last two years alone, Africa has witnessed several intra-State conflicts which have resulted in heavy human costs, in terms of casualties and dislocations; direct material costs, in terms of property damage; and opportunity costs. Neighbouring States have also paid heavily through their efforts to strengthen their security on common borders, through caring for refugees and through the diversion of their Governments' attention away from developmental efforts to crisis management related to wars, armed conflicts and insecurity.”
1992-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 47 (1992)
“This diagnosis of the state of the world applies to the contemporary global configuration and to regional scenes alike. In the global setting, a - period of deep-seated, intense East-West conflict has ended with the conclusion of the cold war. As a result, an established order has given way to an as yet undefined future. At the regional level, there are equally mixed results. For example, in South Africa, not long ago, the progress made in the last two years in eradicating apartheid all of a sudden appeared to be on the brink of collapse as the apartheid regime not only retrenched, but also perpetuated township violence and refused to concede the major demands of the African National Congress, the Pan Africanist Congress and other democratic forces.”
1992-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 47 (1992)
“In retrospect, the political landscape of the international system has been profoundly and positively altered in the last five years. Yet it has also opened up new instabilities, more challenges to international peace and security, greater uncertainties - especially for developing countries and more danger of armed conflicts, as reflected in the killings in Liberia, Somalia and the former Yugoslavia. These conflicts pose a grave danger to the very life of human civilization. The forty-seventh session of the General Assembly is being held at a critical juncture: we are between two worlds one dead, the other powerless to be born. We are overshadowed by the dangers of unipolarity, economic decadence in the developing countries, ecological dangers in the developed countries, and the persistence of old injustices in Palestine and South Africa.”
1992-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 47 (1992)
“This phase coincided with the ending of the cold war and witnessed the expansion of the boundaries of the international system through the birth of 21 additional States in the period 1991-1992 alone. I am delighted to join the warm welcome extended to the newest Members of our Organization. The nature of governments has been transformed by increased democratization of their domestic political orders; the structures of power and influence in the world have been altered by the disintegration of the Soviet Union. These developments call for a transformation of the pattern of diplomatic interactions, especially in the United Nations, and the refashioning of the basic structure underlying the international system so that the emerging new order may be based on right rather than might, on justice rather than expediency.”
1992-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 47 (1992)
“His wealth of experience, skill and commitment are not only a valuable asset to the forty-seventh session, but also speak volubly of the capabilities of his own country, Bulgaria, with which Tanzania enjoys excellent relations. I am confident that he will ably adorn the position, bringing to it prestige and impartiality. His predecessor. Ambassador Samir Shihabi of Saudi Arabia, presided over the forty-sixth session with great skill. My delegation joins in the expressions of appreciation addressed to him. In any human history, there are certain historical conjunctures which distinguish one period from another. The five-year period between 1987 and 1992 will be regarded as an important period in world history.”
1992-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 47 (1992)
“We have come here to renew our faith and confidence in the world Organization. In a way, especially to us in Africa, the United Nations has assumed a unique position. This is the first time since the founding of the United Nations in 1945 that the Organization has a Secretary-General from Africa. The Tanzanian delegation congratulates Mr. Boutros Boutros-Ghali on his well-deserved election. The United Nations has assumed great significance because this change in the leadership of the United Nations has come at a time when the changes in the international system during the last few years have imposed upon all countries the need to reassess familiar attitudes and policies. I congratulate the President upon his taking office during this period of change.”
1992-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 47 (1992)
“Tanzania is quite encouraged by the improved international political climate, and history has demonstrated that nothing is insurmountable when there is political will.”
1991-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 46 (1991)
“After examining the state of international relations in the past few years as a result of the thaw in East-West relations and other developments, I can fairly conclude that the international system is in a state of transition to a new system for which the world community had better be prepared. That a new world order must emerge is undoubtful. But it is obvious that this new world order must be built on the principles of justice and equity, on the right of peoples to self-determination, on the sovereign equality of States, on respect for the territorial Integrity of nations, big and small, on non-interference in the internal affairs of States, on freedom of choice and freedom from want in the process of political, social and economic development and on respect for international law.”
1991-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 46 (1991)
“The Non-Aligned Movement continues to be relevant to us in the post-cold-war international system: in the first place, to enhance South-South political and economic cooperation; secondly, to represent third-world aspirations in world bodies, especially at the United Nations; thirdly, to fend off undue external interference in the internal affairs of third-world nations in a unipolar world; fourthly, to promote collective self-reliance as a basis for international cooperation; and, lastly, to promote South-South solidarity and coordination in all international negotiations.”
1991-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 46 (1991)
“The Non-Aligned Movement must, therefore, be credited for opening the way to communication and cooperation among nations separated by a profound ideological divide, and for demonstrating that multilateral diplomacy is, indeed, the singular art of producing complex answers to questions arising from humanity's quest for freedom, security, independence and economic development.”
1991-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 46 (1991)
“This underscores the special importance of the Non-Aligned Movement. The Non-Aligned Movement was born at the height of the cold war. This Movement has helped to de-Europeanise international relations; transcend the bloc mentality, enabling the non-aligned nations to develop their role as full participants and as mediators in a world normally presented as East or West; transform the International diplomatic agenda from military and security issues alone to wider questions of international economic order, including ecological and humanitarian issues; and de-emphasise the East-West conflict and confine the main theatre of the cold war to Central Europe.”
1991-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 46 (1991)
“Because of their global and geopolitical interests, the super-Powers, locked into confrontation at times, played an obstructionist role in the United Nations. Yet, the newly found cooperation also poses the spectre of unipolarity which could, in turn, endanger the demonetisation of international relations. If democracy is good at the national level, it must be good at the international level. There must, therefore, be the democratisation of international politics by reforming the United Nations system, including the financial institutions such as the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank. The promotion of a new international economic order is a prerequisite for genuine democracy. In this process of the democratisation of international relations, regional organizations and movements have a special role.”
1991-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 46 (1991)
“Tanzania supports the advancement of genuine democratic reforms, for history has demonstrated that citizen participation in the national life is a precondition for human development. However, to be meaningful, measures for enhancing national democracy must be both indigenous and, at the same time global. Reforms must be indigenous because only in this way can democratic values be sustained. The process of restructuring must be global in the sense that there must also be democratisation of international relations, especially interactions within the United Rations system which are evidently the fulcrum of world politics. Although super-Power convergence is a welcome development, and in a sense a prerequisite for the success of the United Nations in its present form, this entente equally poses new challenges for the international community.”
1991-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 46 (1991)
“Eventually, the Economic Community of West African States, (ECOWAS) decided to send a peace-keeping force, the Economic Community of West African States Monitoring Group (ECOMOG), to Liberia to stop the killings. Tanzania would like to take this opportunity to commend ECOWAS for the courageous decision taken to send a peace-keeping force to Liberia. Tanzania has always supported the OAU's efforts to resolve intra-African conflicts by peaceful means. It is the hope of my Government, therefore, that in settling their internal conflicts, both Ethiopia and Somalia will do so peacefully and will decide the future of their countries in a manner compatible with the aspirations of their peoples and those of the African continent as a whole.”
1991-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 46 (1991)
“The conflicts In the Born of Africa have brought untold suffering and hardship to the people in that part of the world. In this connection, the Government of Tanzania welcomes the new provisional Government of Ethiopia. With respect to Somalia, it is encouraging to see that the Government of Djibouti was able to convene a reconciliation meeting. Tanzania wishes to commend the Government of Djibouti for convening the meeting and hopes that the spirit of reconciliation will continue so that the Somali people can concentrate on the reconstruction of their society. In Liberia, too, we have seen continued conflict. Thousands of people have lost their lives. The Organisation of African Unity (OAU) did all it could in search of a peaceful solution.”
1991-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 46 (1991)
“There can be no genuine settlement of the Palestinian question if the Palestinians are denied their legitimate right to choose their own representatives and to participate in the negotiations leading to an agreement. Tanzania therefore believes that there can be no durable peace in the Middle Fast without an agreement on the Palestinian question and the return of all occupied Arab territories. Any proposed talks and any settlement must be based on the inalienable right of the Palestinians to self-determination and must resolve the territorial questions, including those of the Syrian Golan Heights and the status of East Jerusalem, as provided in Security Council resolutions 242 (1967) and 338 (1973). It is only in this context that the wider interests of the international community for peace and security in the region will be achieved.”
1991-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 46 (1991)
“As a sequel to the invasion, the Palestinian question, which is the primary source of conflict and instability in the region, was relegated to the background. Hone the less, if the faith, trust and confidence of the Palestinian people in the United Nations is to be retained, the same speed and dedication with which the Security Council acted over the Gulf crisis should now be shown in efforts to resolve the Palestinian question, which remains an indictment of the United Nations. The convening of an international conference on peace in the Middle East must be the utmost priority of the United Nations. Although the present United States initiative to bring the parties to negotiations is welcome, Tanzania notes with regret that the proposed conference will not fully involve the United Nations.”
1991-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 46 (1991)
“9 (d) In the face of the regime's manoeuvres to thwart implementation of the Declaration, the need for unity on the part of all the anti-apartheid forces is absolutely essential. We therefore welcome the decision of the AHC, the Pan Africanist Congress (PAC) and other democratic forces in South Africa to form a patriotic front, and wish them every success at their meeting next month. The conflict in the Gulf, following the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait, put to rest any delusions that the end of the cold war necessarily fostered international peace and security. The conflict also demonstrated that effective maintenance of international peace and security requires collective action rather than unilateral action.”
1991-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 46 (1991)
“To realise the objectives of the United Nations Declaration mentioned earlier, Tanzania supports the call for the establishment of a transitional government in South Africa that would oversee the election of a constituent assembly to formulate a democratic constitution under which a new South Africa would emerge on the basis of one-man, one-vote. Until this objective has been realised, existing sanctions must be maintained. The consensus United Nations Declaration enjoins Member States "To ensure that the international community does not relax existing measures aimed at encouraging the South African regime to eradicate apartheid until there is clear evidence of profound and irreversible changes, bearing in mind the objectives of this Declaration", (resolution S-16/1. para.”
1991-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 46 (1991)
“Thus, the situation in South Africa is such that while the national liberation movement and other anti-apartheid forces want the power to achieve the complete eradication of apartheid, the Pretoria regime seeks, through a variety of domestic and international measures, to retain power. This partly explains the Pretoria regime's strategy of divide and rule, of fighting the national liberation movement, the African National Congress (AHC), through Inkatha, while talking to it and setting up the so-called black-on-black violence in general.”
1991-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 46 (1991)
“All along South Africa's strategy has been to seek a negotiated settlement; to seek power sharing without losing it; to entrench the group approach and racist policy characteristic of all previous proposals on constitutional dispensation; to have each group acquire self-determination regarding its own affairs, with joint decision-making on general matters; to have equal formal rights for each group but without the power to dominate or outvote the other groups; to have each group legally protected and retain the power to veto changes sought by other groups; and, lastly, to have a fallback position of being ready to discard almost all forms of traditional policies as long as the whites can still protect their social and economic privileges and prevent the majority from imposing major changes against their will.”
1991-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 46 (1991)
“This strategy dates back to the 1970s and culminated with the 1983 Constitution that set up the tricameral parliament and the 1988 Promotion of Constitutional Development Act to establish a special negotiation forum with African participation. And when this failed to attract black African support, there come the Five Year Plan of Action at the National Party Federal Congress in June 1989 - a strategy skilfully publicised as heralding a new departure in Government policy. This plan forms the official foundation of the apartheid regime's present talks about talks.”
1991-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 46 (1991)
“For example, between 30,000 and 40,000 South African exiles remain outside South Africa despite the recent agreement between the regime and the United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Refugees. Similarly, not all political prisoners have been released despite continuing dialogue between the regime and the anti-apartheid forces. Additionally, as long as the present wave of violence continues to sweep the black townships, serious negotiations cannot commence. The regime has an inescapable responsibility to put an end to this carnage. We hope that the peace accord intended to put an end to the violence will hold. The regime pursues a negotiating strategy for the achievement of constitutional dispensation which would remove internal and international pressure against white minority rule while practically leaving apartheid Intact.”
1991-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 46 (1991)
“Despite the repeal of the Group Areas Act, the Population Registration Act and the Land acts, the system of apartheid remains Intact and in place. It will be recalled that on 14 December 1989 the United Nations issued a Declaration on Apartheid and its Destructive Consequences in southern Africa. The Declaration lays down 10 fundamental principles which should form the basis of an internationally acceptable solution to the problem of apartheid. It lays down the conditions which the regime must satisfy in order to create the necessary atmosphere for genuine negotiations. It also establishes guidelines for negotiations. And, finally, it draws up a programme of action by the international community. While a number of preconditions laid down in the Declaration have been satisfied, the regime has still to implement some important conditions.”
1991-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 46 (1991)
“It is unrealistic in the sense that the problem of democracy in Africa is much more complex; it is a problem in which the issue of political pluralism is merely one aspect of the much wider question of the transformation of the State and civil society in the African countries. Genuine and stable democracy must be indigenous, and it cannot be imposed from outside. I stated in my opening remarks that even without the benefit of historical hindsight, the period since 1988 will be regarded by future historians of diplomacy as a watershed in the history of southern Africa and of South Africa in particular. However, the prospects for a free non-racial and democratic South Africa must not be taken for granted.”
1991-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 46 (1991)
“The new conditionally linking aid to political reform exacerbates the controversy. For instance, on 15 April 1991 the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development was established with the proviso that the acceptance of multiparty democracy and a free market would be sine qua non for getting aid from the Bank. Tanzania has always supported humanity's quest for freedom, human rights and democracy. However, the linkage between the provision of foreign aid and the implementation of political reforms is undesirable. Structural international inequalities are the primary sources of continued third-world poverty. In short, the new conditionally of development aid is unrealistic.”
1991-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 46 (1991)
“Sub-Saharan Africa alone transferred $500 million more than it received. Compare this with the total net resource flows to Africa from the countries members of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) in the period 1986 to 1990 - the period of the United Nations Programme of Action for African Economic Recovery and Development. Net resource flows declined from $25.9 billion in 1986 to $22.6 billion in 1989. In short, the crushing debt burden and the declining foreign-resource flows have contributed to the economic stagnation and decline of the African continent. Tanzania applauds the decision of those countries that have cancelled debts owed to them. We hope that trend will continue. Aid conditionalities have been a source of controversy between the donor community and recipient countries.”
1991-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 46 (1991)