YouSaid · the spoken record

Charlone

THE RECORD WRITES THIS SPEAKER AS CHARLONE

lines on the record: 59
first: 1952-09-24
most recent: 1957-09-24
sittings or episodes: 2
sources: un-general-debate

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“Because of its universality, the United Nations is a mirror of the world, where the invincible strength of public opinion cannot be disregarded. In this community of States, the greatest States are those with the most friends. Friendship and trust are won through respect for law and international morality. In the words of Ibsen’s famous character, the small countries can tell the great: "Those who stand alone are not strong." In the case of nations, as in the lives of men, there is no worse ally than isolation.”
1957-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 12 (1957)
“We also suggest that the American countries and the Common Market countries should conclude agreements establishing a multilateral payments system on the lines of the arrangements between Argentina and Brazil and the French and Netherlands currency unions. The importance of such arrangements to the countries of southern Latin America, which trade under bilateral payments systems, cannot be overemphasized, for they would enable us to use our favourable balance from trade with the European Common Market to increase our purchases in Latin America. 183. In making these suggestions, we are prompted only by the understandable desire that regionalism should serve the great aims of the Charter and promote economic advancement and social well being in the various parts of the world. 184.”
1957-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 12 (1957)
“As a nation belonging to the southern part of the continent, we would suggest as a practical measure in that direction that our right should be recognized to grant the Latin American countries preferences without prejudice to the most-favoured-nation clause. This principle has been recognized and established in the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, in the case of the British-French Union and Benelux preferential systems, and the principle has been approved in the case of the European Coal and Steel Community. In Uruguay's case, this would mean that we would be able to extend to the other Latin American republics the preferences already granted to Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia and Paraguay under our trade agreements. 182.”
1957-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 12 (1957)
“Naturally, countries which, like Uruguay, belong to no economic or trade area, hope that this will happen, and we sincerely trust that regionalism will prove to be to the advantage and interest of the world. 180. In the Americas, it is also reasonable to hope that efforts will be made to achieve greater economic integration. Integration there is undoubtedly a more difficult undertaking, because of the similar types of goods produced, the differences in structure and costs, defective transport facilities and the various commercial systems in existence. We believe, nevertheless, that there are immediate prospects of progress, if other regions are prepared to understand our legitimate desires and help us to achieve them. 181.”
1957-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 12 (1957)
“177. These significant developments enable us to appreciate the importance of economic regionalism as a powerful factor in the new world economic structure. 178. In the modern world, where the economic forces making for mechanized mass production for mass markets conflict with the "political factors” which set limits to expansion in the shape of national frontiers, regionalism can reasonably be considered as the synthesis of a contradictory process in which free trade is the thesis and economic nationalism the antithesis. Regionalism can therefore be considered consistent with the Charter’s goal of an expanding world economy if the greater strength resulting from regional unions has the effect of increasing the world's purchasing power, with a consequent rise in the consumption of goods and services. 179.”
1957-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 12 (1957)
“I refer to the European Common Market, which the Italian Minister for Foreign Affairs mentioned [681st meeting] in his admirable statement, and the proposed free trade zone which would, if established, embrace the European nations represented on the European Organization for Economic Co-operation. 176. I may say, on behalf of my delegation, that we have the increasing well-being of Europe at heart, and in this we share the views expressed [680th meeting] by Mr. Aranha, the former Minister for Foreign Affairs of Brazil and a former President of this Assembly. Moreover, in the case of the European Common Market, we are gratified and encouraged by the efforts the nations concerned are making to set aside their past differences and quarrels to transform this area, which was the theatre of recent wars, into a strong bulwark of order and peace.”
1957-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 12 (1957)
“Our objective must be an expanding world economy, assisted by the financial agencies set up by the Bretton Woods agreements and later strengthened by the assistance furnished by the Government of the United States. 174. Immense sums have been invested in reconstruction and development. The total over the past eleven years is in the order of $43,000 million. However, such investments might be even higher if the huge sums devoted to military expenditure could be made available for peaceful purposes. In such circumstances, the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development would be able to draw on greater funds to increase its lending activities. 175. A number of developments of first-rate economic and political importance relate directly to this topic, which is one of constant concern to the Assembly.”
1957-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 12 (1957)
“Similar incidents have occurred, although not all have received the same publicity. Because of the recurrence of such incidents, I feel bound to mention them and to emphasize that human rights are a problem of concern to public opinion which can and should receive the attention of international bodies. 173. International co-operation to promote the economic and social advancement of the world’s peoples has become one of the corner-stones of peaceful coexistence. As the Charter recognizes, the larger freedom to which the United Nations is committed depends on better standards of life, based on the increased wealth that man can create under conditions of peace and confidence.”
1957-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 12 (1957)
“I should like, in concluding my remarks on this topic, to say, reflecting my country’s traditional dedication to this cause, that in our view human rights cannot and should not be thought of in quantitative terms. We are as deeply concerned with the sanctity of a single human life, with all that it entails and signifies, as with the self-determination of a people. 171. It is with these considerations in mind that I refer to the disappearance of Jesus de Galíndez, an incident which has made an impression on public opinion that cannot be overestimated or ignored. We know that the circumstances of this tragic disappearance are being investigated and we sincerely trust that the investigation will make it possible to establish the facts. 172. This is not, of course, an isolated case.”
1957-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 12 (1957)
“In making these observations, I am concerned to emphasize the importance my delegation attaches to safeguards to ensure the effective enjoyment of these sacred rights, in particular the right of the individual to take his case to international authorities, either directly or through representative associations. The right of petition in this form affords the surest guarantee against abuses of power. Uruguay’s traditional views on this subject have been fully stated in connexion with its proposal for the appointment by the General Assembly of a High Commissioner (Attorney-General) for Human Rights. The text of this proposal was included in the basic working papers on the draft Covenants by decision of the organ concerned. 170.”
1957-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 12 (1957)
“As the presidents of the American Republics stated in the Declaration of Panama on 22 July 1956, "The State is the servant of man and not his master." These noble words recall the great and eternal truths of Western civilization, that human beings possess inalienable and imprescriptible rights, preceding and transcending those of the State, the latter’s purpose being merely to preserve them and harmonize them in their respective spheres of action. Thus the aim of law, both national and international, is to ensure the freedom and the happiness of man. These views are radically at variance with other ideologies, which are, we believe, inconsistent with the Charter, since they hold that the citizen receives his freedoms from the State and that he cannot assert his rights at the international level except through the State. 169.”
1957-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 12 (1957)
“In this belief, my delegation continues to hope that the draft International Covenants on Human Rights may be considered and approved by the Assembly within the near future. Nine years have already elapsed since the Universal Declaration of Human Rights was adopted in Paris [resolution 217 (III)] and acclaimed by the world, but the principles embodied in that historic declaration are still mere statements of belief. 168. Our views as to what should be included in the Covenants are in accordance with the spirit of the Charter.”
1957-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 12 (1957)
“In view of these and other no less important attacks upon fundamental freedoms, my delegation feels bound to reiterate the views it has expressed before on so many occasions. If the dignity and value of human beings are attacked within the boundaries of a State, the attack affects the legal rights of the whole world, and not only of the nation concerned. Violations of human rights were one of the underlying causes of the last world war. The dictators who unleashed that war had begun to build up their power by means of such violations before they embarked on their programme of conquest. This belief is embodied in the preamble to the Charter and is inherent in the powers which the Charter gives the Organization in this field; indeed, the Charter makes respect for such freedoms one of the essential foundations of peaceful coexistence. 167.”
1957-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 12 (1957)
“It should be expressly stated that each political society should allow a multi-party system, for this is the supreme guarantee of freedom, of freedom of thought and association, and of freedom to participate freely in public affairs. 165. If this high ideal were attained everywhere, types of slavery which exist in certain sovereign States would disappear. Such slavery is fostered by certain ideologies and institutions which we hold to be inconsistent with the Charter and which embody the single-party system as an organ of the State. In such States, political ideas and ways of thought are suppressed; men are condemned without the right to defend themselves and forced to change their opinions, beliefs and even their ways of thinking, to conform to the line desired or imposed by the State. 166.”
1957-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 12 (1957)
“In addition, article 21 of the draft Covenant on Civil and Political Rights proclaims freedom of association with no restrictions other than those necessary in a democratic society. 163. Unquestionably, we all start from a common belief in the excellence of democracy, conceived not merely as a form of government or as an electoral system, but as a way of social and political life based on equality, in which the will of the State is expressed with the consent of the majority and the free opposition of minorities. 164. However, in our view, the draft Covenants before the General Assembly are defective in that they do not embody an explicit and unequivocal statement of one of the essential conditions of genuine democracy, and it is our hope that this shortcoming will be corrected.”
1957-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 12 (1957)
“Seventeen new States have attained independence since the establishment of the United Nations and this achievement, whose consequences are incalculable, is in our view enough to justify the existence of this international community to which Uruguay is proud to belong. 162. Both the spirit of the Charter and the draft International Covenants on Human Rights under consideration by this General Assembly reflect the desire that peace and democracy should increasingly go hand in hand. Article 4 of the draft Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, for example, does not admit of any limitation upon the enjoyment of these rights that is inconsistent with the general welfare in a democratic society.”
1957-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 12 (1957)
“Human freedoms and the self-determination of peoples are, we believe, inseparable rights, and we therefore consider that they were rightly embodied in a single Instrument. These inseparable rights are an expression of the driving forces behind a movement towards freedom, whose importance should not be underestimated. As Ferrero said with great wisdom, "while power comes from above, freedom comes from below". This is why the right of self-determination Is attained by evolution or by violence depending on whether the fundamental human freedoms are respected or not. The support given by the United Nations to the first of these methods, peaceful evolution, has already borne fruit abundantly.”
1957-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 12 (1957)
“This had been President Wilson's dream at the end of the First World War; his noble and far-seeing ambition had been to replace the balance of power by a union of peoples able freely to guide their own destinies, thus ensuring that the future of the world was not left at the mercy of the personal power of dictators. 160. The Peace of Versailles was made and unmade under the banner of nationalism. When this, our second League of Nations, was set up at San Francisco, we included the principle of self-determination of peoples in its Charter, so that each people could shape their own destiny, but self-determination was indissolubly linked with the fundamental human freedoms which are at the basis of government that is truly representative of the people. 161.”
1957-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 12 (1957)
“In the last stages of that orgy of violence, in which great and small nations had been invaded, occupied and put to the sword, in which human beings had been subjected to the grossest outrages against liberty and dignity, the Charter was drawn up with the aim of establishing the pillars of an international organization and jurisdiction for the purpose of preserving and strengthening the essential foundations of peace. 159. Among these pillars were the self-determination of peoples and respect for fundamental human rights, the enforcement and promotion of which throughout the world are inconsistent with the principle of unrestricted sovereignty. Animated by these principles and ideas, the authors of the Charter gave expression to the desire that democracy and peace should be ever more closely linked together.”
1957-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 12 (1957)
“The decisions of States, which may safeguard peace or precipitate war, are taken by the men who constitute the governments; but confronting these men, and above them, are the peoples. In the present dramatic situation, let us remember that in the preamble of the Charter the peoples, who nowhere wish for war, declared their determination at the birth of the United Nations, "to save succeeding generations from the scourge of war, which twice in our lifetime has brought untold sorrow to mankind”. 157. The attainment of the ideal of a lasting peace is, of course, a dynamic process depending on the harmonious interplay of all the many factors involved, for, as has so often been said, the problems of peace and security are indivisible. 158. The United Nations was born out of a world in ruins still lit by the flames of the great conflagration.”
1957-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 12 (1957)
“If the control is made subject to the Security Council, there will be no control, for the simple reason that the Council’s action ultimately depends upon one major consideration: whether the great Powers choose to exercise their right of veto; but the veto, in our view, is the worst expression of unrestricted sovereignty. 154. The veto is not a legitimate power, for power that is outrageously arbitrary and absolute can never be regarded as legitimate, least of all in the present world situation when tension, fear and anxiety have reached an almost intolerable level. 155. There can be no better opportunity for the great Powers to demonstrate their love of peace than by submitting their differences on this grave matter to the most representative body within the United Nations, the General Assembly. 156.”
1957-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 12 (1957)
“While every State has the right to maintain its independence and its personality, it must be remembered that States Members have assumed specific obligations which set limits that may not be transgressed for they are the boundaries of a common international jurisdiction established, at a time when hopes ran high, by the concurrence of sovereign wills. 153. It is, I think, appropriate to recall these limits. The first is axiomatic: the immense benefits of peace and security are incompatible with unrestricted sovereignty. This fact is most clearly exemplified in the crucial problem of the control of nuclear weapons.”
1957-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 12 (1957)
“These considerations are directly related to the duties of peaceful coexistence which, at a time when harsh reality is putting the very existence of the United Nations to the test, are the key to its future. 151. Our conduct in dealing with this vital problem must always be inspired by the tolerance and mutual understanding which the Charter enjoins on all Member States. 152. We regard it as evident that the United Nations was not founded to impose regimes or ideas on peoples or on men. We are a reflection of the world, and its complexity and variety are inconsistent with monistic institutions or Ideologies. We believe, nevertheless, that there are limits to the discretionary powers of States in matters affecting peace and security.”
1957-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 12 (1957)
“This belief is reflected in the resolution [1133 (XI)] which the Assembly adopted by an unprecedented majority: 60 in favour, 10 against and 10 abstentions. 149. Two significant facts should be underlined in this connexion. First, among the countries abstaining were several Asian States which had signed a joint declaration at New Delhi on 14 November 1956 stating that it was "the inalienable right of every country to shape for itself its own destiny” and that "the Soviet Union forces should be withdrawn from Hungary speedily". Secondly, the great majority of the new Members recently admitted to the United Nations voted in favour of the measures proposed. This fact, in our view, confirms the belief of the supporters of universality - of which Uruguay has always been one - that broader membership would strengthen the Organization. 150.”
1957-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 12 (1957)
“When the Assembly takes such resolute and unequivocal stands in support of international law and morality, it strengthens the faith of the peoples in the destiny of the United Nations. 147. In the first of the cases I have mentioned, the Assembly's decisions were respected by the States whose Governments were urged by the United Nations to respect the rules of law. We must hope - and it is the sincere wish of my delegation - that the same will occur in the case of Hungary. In the face of violations of the Charter which jeopardize the future of the international community, there cannot be two standards or two separate and even contradictory policies. 148. The tragedy of the Hungarian people affects the very basis of peaceful relations between nations.”
1957-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 12 (1957)
“In the second case - the Hungarian revolution - the General Assembly made use of its powers of investigation and, in defence of its honour and prestige, reasserted its competence as the international body legally established by the Charter to deal with such incontestably vital matters as the right of self-determination of peoples and respect for the fundamental freedoms of the human person. 145. My Government wishes once again to express its sincere appreciation of the honour conferred upon it by its selection as a member of the Special Committee appointed to investigate events in Hungary, whose findings provided the basis for the Assembly's subsequent resolution [1133 (XI)]. 146.”
1957-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 12 (1957)
“Charles Malik and Sir Leslie Munro, our President, are loyal and steadfast servants of this international community of States to which Uruguay has the honour to belong. 142. The events which took place in 1956 were the gravest the international community had had to face since Korea. And In both of the cases which arose, the General Assembly proved itself a worthy defender of the principles of the Charter. 143. In the first case - the war between Israel and Egypt and the subsequent armed intervention in the Suez Canal area - the General Assembly assumed its supplementary powers in the delicate matter of preserving the peace, as it had done in 1950 when faced with the aggression against the Republic of Korea. 144.”
1957-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 12 (1957)
“On behalf of the Government of Uruguay I should like to offer Sir Leslie Munro my sincere congratulations on his election as President of the twelfth session of the General Assembly. My delegation was among those which voted in favour of his election to that high office, and it welcomed the wise intervention of the Secretary for External Relations of Mexico, Mr. Padilla Nervo, urging the Assembly to seek a compromise formula in order to fill this very Important post. We should like at the same time to express our warm appreciation of the decision taken by the Lebanese Minister for Foreign Affairs, Mr. Charles Malik, whose noble and generous attitude has earned him the Assembly's appreciation and gratitude. Both Mr.”
1957-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 12 (1957)
“The voice of grieving humanity, whose destiny is still shackled by the bonds of insecurity, fear, misery and destitution — wretched legacy of the hideous war which we have just experienced — makes known in these halls its hope that the great Powers will understand their grave responsibilities and recognize their obligations. Today, more than ever, this rostrum of the United Nations General Assembly seems to be the appropriate place from which to recall the words of the distinguished sociologist: “The choice is not between Utopia and the world of our fathers, but between Utopia and hell.””
1952-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 7 (1952)
“If this peaceful coexistence of peoples separated by fundamental ideological differences is to result in lasting peace and security, it becomes daily more essential that a spirit of mutual confidence should banish forever from the life of the United Nations the concept of absolute and inviolable sovereignty, at least in the crucial field of control of effective disarmament and the use of atomic energy for peaceful purposes. Nothing practical or effective can be done to that end if the great Powers, which are recreating in our time the legend of, Prometheus by their possession of the sacred fire which can bring progress or death, invoke the principle of sovereignty in order to resist international control. 103.”
1952-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 7 (1952)
“In our opinion there can be no doubt that all matters which are part of the substance of an international covenant such as the United Nations Charter have by that very fact ceased to be essentially matters within the domestic jurisdiction of States. 102. Freedom of information is part of the precious heritage of the great human freedoms. Let us all be agreed that If systems founded upon different concepts of human life are to coexist in harmony, freedom of information is the best school in which a man may instruct his spirit and choose in freedom the way of life he deems best suited to his ideas, his ideals and his experience.”
1952-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 7 (1952)
“For example, the Success or failure of our work for the freedom and dignity of man will depend upon the use or abuse of die privilege of national sovereignty. The liberation of man as a member of a nation is a sad illusion when as an individual he lives subject to the omnipotence of the State. What is to become of this great idea! called human rights, which we honour and venerate in all the organs of the United Nations, if in the end we make of it the first of the stateless refugees, closing the doors of home and country against it precisely on grounds of attachment to national sovereignty? 101. Although the Charter refers often to domestic jurisdiction, we should remember that Article 2, paragraph 7, makes that reservation only in regard to matters which are essentially within the domestic jurisdiction of a State.”
1952-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 7 (1952)
“Or is he the master and architect of his own destiny and, as such, able to influence history, to build it, to live it, like the men of good will who, in the United Nations, are endeavouring to show the peoples of the world the bright and blessed paths of peace, tolerance, friendship and brotherly co-operation, thus correcting the effects of the blind forces of history? There is no doubt that these two concepts can coexist in peace. But it must be agreed that such coexistence requires of all nations a sincere respect for the purposes and objectives of the Charter, which, by reflecting the ideal, represent what is eternal, and the necessary spirit of tolerance in working to achieve these ends through the constitutional bodies created to serve and further them. 100.”
1952-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 7 (1952)
“The differences which may arise between nations and systems in the world today correspond to different and opposing concepts of the individual before the law and in his relations to the State. As applied to peaceful relations among peoples, these ideas are an expression, certainly, of differing concepts of life. 99. Is man the chief end of the law, the State the servant of man, and he the sole sovereign? In that case, the human person is as much under international as under national law. Or is man subject only to national law, receiving his liberties from the State and remaining the servant of the collective systems which express the Will of the State? This is the first difference of concept. Is man a product of history, subject to the inexorable laws of determinism?”
1952-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 7 (1952)
“Nor can it be reduced to the dilemma of free enterprise and a socialized or State-controlled economy, for private capital everywhere is subjected to greater or lesser restrictions, which subordinate it to the general welfare in accordance with the dictates of justice, and which sometimes even replace it by State-controlled enterprise for the better organization of the necessary public services. Indeed, it may happen, as in Uruguay, that the process has been a long one, dating from the opening of the century, and carried out with full respect for the law and the property of others. My country has nationalized or placed under State control sources of production and of wealth upon which a people’s independence is based. 98.”
1952-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 7 (1952)
“97. Finally, my delegation would like to comment on the remarks made by Mr. Vyshinsky in his speech to the Assembly on Saturday [383rd meeting], when he declared that in the opinion of the Soviet Union there was nothing to prevent the peaceful coexistence of capitalism and communism. That opinion coincides with the general feeling expressed many times in other quarters. The Charter Was certainly not established to impose systems or ideas upon men or nations. It was established to safeguard the right of peoples to the respect of their freedom and the right of each individual to-the respect of his person. But the world is too varied and complex for the destiny of each of its peoples to be bounded solely by the dilemma of capitalism or communism.”
1952-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 7 (1952)
“Consequently the rules regarding prisoners which have been made for belligerent States are hardly applicable to it. Moreover, although all are Members of the collective body which is taking action, a distinction can admittedly be drawn between those States which have taken up arms and those which have merely supported the action by their votes or are passively bound by it. 96; With regard to policy concerning armaments and armed forces — a problem fundamental to the peace and progress of the world — we are again at an impasse. And it must be conceded that no substantial progress can be made in the matter so long as the effective control of disarmament and the duty to see that atomic energy is not used for purposes of war are still in the hands of the Security Council, that is, subject to the privilege of impunity constituted by the veto.”
1952-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 7 (1952)
“My delegation warmly supports this proposal, without relinquishing our opinion that an equally honourable and just solution would be for the United Nations, through its competent bodies to which the Charter entrusts the protection of human rights, to assume responsibility for those prisoners who refuse to return to their countries of origin. It would be neither logical nor reasonable that the United Nations, because of its status as a belligerent, should be prevented from fulfilling the tasks entrusted to it by the Charter and assuming the care of these prisoners. The military action undertaken by the United Nations is sui generis. It is a police action by a collective body whose essential purpose is to prevent breaches of the peace and acts of aggression.”
1952-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 7 (1952)
“In regard, in particular, to the repatriation of prisoners to their countries of origin, it is neither just nor honourable that, as the price for breaking the present deadlock, the United Nations should renounce its own principles and agree to deny to more than 30,000 human beings their right to choose freely the place where they are to rebuild their happiness in the peace of their homes. 95. The delegation of Mexico has proposed a solution of this problem which safeguards the freedom of the individual.”
1952-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 7 (1952)
“When the Minister for Foreign Affairs of the USSR, in his recent speech [383rd meeting], reproached the Secretary of State of the United States because, after speaking of an honourable peace, the Secretary of State had then referred to a just peace, our only reaction was that justice and honour are two inseparable elements in any plan for terminating hostilities and restoring peace. 94. We here state in all frankness that the proposals presented to the General Assembly by the representative of Poland [A/2229] do not, in our opinion, meet that requirement. Moreover, they add nothing new or constructive to the debate.”
1952-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 7 (1952)
“This year the General Assembly has on its agenda, as at its last session, two items typical of that atmosphere of distrust and hypersensitivity which so often leads to distortion and misinterpretation of efforts to achieve understanding and co-operation. These items relate to the war in Korea and the future of that country, and to policy regarding armaments. With regard to the first of these matters, the deadlock which has existed since the aggression was repelled, has not yet been broken.”
1952-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 7 (1952)
“An institution operating in that way, maintaining close contact with and establishing standard operating procedures in agreement with the Bank, Would, in our opinion, enable us to overcome the present lack of confidence which is discouraging this kind of investment. 92. As regards the second category — the under-developed countries whose people live in economic and social penury — the best service we can render their unfortunate inhabitants is to refrain from reminding them, of the misfortunes they suffer and to offer them the means of removing or alleviating their suffering. Here the measures already mentioned must necessarily be supplemented by other types of assistance, such as interest-free loans and even subsidies. My delegation wishes to state that it will welcome most warmly the provision of new funds for this purpose. 93.”
1952-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 7 (1952)
“If we take it that the Bank makes loans only to governments, or to private undertakings which can be guaranteed by governments — the latter requirement being difficult to satisfy for obvious reasons of internal policy with regard to the need to respect the independence and freedom of private enterprise — it would appear that the action taken to promote economic development could be greatly expanded if private capital could.be mobilized and directed towards those investments which really furthered such development, thus helping to implement programmes sponsored by private initiative in. each country, that is, by free enterprise.”
1952-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 7 (1952)
“In the first case, that of the countries which are already in process of economic development — a category which we feel includes Uruguay and other countries with the same or similar characteristics — where the level of the national income makes it possible to save and to accumulate private fortunes, the requirements of economic development can be met with the aid of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development.”
1952-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 7 (1952)
“There are countries which are in process of economic development, where progress has been and still is possible although the pace at which it proceeds is often far from satisfying the wishes of the population. Side by side with these countries are the economically under-developed countries, where the chances of improvement are greatly hindered, if not wholly blocked, by meagre resources and low standards of living. 91.”
1952-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 7 (1952)
“In order to arrive at the satisfactory and effective solutions which we are seeking, it is necessary, in our opinion, to make use of all the resources available and of the new methods which have been evolved — although, inevitably, they are inadequate in the face of a problem so vast and of such long standing — taking into account the obvious inequalities which exist and which are the result of differences in strength of economic structures and of the national per capita income which, in some countries, enables people to amass private fortunes while, in others, it is not even enough to enable them to meet their most elementary requirements.”
1952-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 7 (1952)
“Unfortunately, heavy burdens have been laid on the sincerely peace-loving peoples by the need to repel aggression and organize their lawful and collective self-defence under regional arrangements — certainly a more onerous method than the creation of a common international force, which has been rendered impossible by certain intransigent attitudes. These burdens have diverted valuable resources from the economic development of the under-developed countries. Undeniably this is the long-range problem of the greatest importance for the destiny of the world; and we wish to define our attitude towards it and to explain in advance the position which we shall take up, repeating from this platform the statements which we have frequently made on the subject in the Economic and Social Council.”
1952-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 7 (1952)
“Indonesia, an independent member of the Netherlands-Indonesian Union, has become a Member of the United Nations, with equal status and sovereign rights. The associated States of Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia have achieved their independence within the French Union and have applied for membership of the United Nations. If we remember also the work of the United Nations in Libya and Eritrea, we shall have to admit that the world has seldom witnessed a peaceful revolution, on such an enormous scale and of such profound significance, in such a short time. 90.”
1952-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 7 (1952)
“No one can fail to be aware that nationalism, that mystical expression of the right to self-determination of peoples in all fields in which they can develop their personality under the aegis of liberty and progress, is one of the great forces of history, deeply rooted in the most powerful emotions of the human race — love of family, home and country. Inspired by a spirit of solidarity, the peoples of the world have embodied these aspirations in the United Nations Charter, with the noble purpose of opening up to the peoples a way towards all forms and possibilities of freedom and progress — political, economic, social, cultural and humanitarian. 89. After the United Nations had been set up, we saw the birth of the State of Israel. India, Pakistan, Ceylon and Burma have achieved full independence.”
1952-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 7 (1952)
“Today, on the contrary, there may be a hope that in the near future the veto will become a thing of the past, with the spinning-wheel and the bronze hatchet, and will be no more to the peoples than the sign and symbol of a vanished world based on inequality among States, the privileges of power and the denial of the rule of law and morality. 88. The United Nations requires an atmosphere of confidence, of understanding and of collaboration, and it is in that spirit that we consider and judge the upsurge of nationalism in vast areas of the world whence the cry goes up for more substantial rights, for wider freedoms, for better economic opportunities — aspirations which are all implicit in the ideal of the self-determination of peoples expressly formulated in the Charter.”
1952-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 7 (1952)