YouSaid · the spoken record

Tito

THE RECORD WRITES THIS SPEAKER AS TITO

lines on the record: 77
first: 1960-09-24
most recent: 1960-09-24
sittings or episodes: 1
sources: un-general-debate

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“I am convinced that within this framework it will be clear why and in what sense we are attaching particular importance to the contribution that the so-called non-committed countries can make towards the betterment of international relations as well as to the great role that the United Nations can and should play in this respect.”
1960-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 15 (1960)
“In other words, we believe that the overwhelming majority of mankind is opposed to war, that the material and social and political conditions for the maintenance of peace are maturing increasingly, and that the forces in the world which are against war are today sufficiently strong and capable of preventing its outbreak. 169. Those are the basic principles by which Yugoslav foreign policy is guided. I think that the explanation I have given will contribute towards a better understanding of both these principles and of our entire foreign policy.”
1960-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 15 (1960)
“On the contrary, peace can be ensured and strengthened only through the development of broad co-operation on all questions of general interest and through a resolute struggle for disarmament and for the abolition of unequal relations. 168. Finally, we believe and maintain that war is no longer inevitable, or rather that there exist real prospects for its permanent elimination as an instrument of policy and a means of settling international disputes. Our conviction is based on an estimate that those forces in the world which incline towards war for the attainment of their objectives, and which are accordingly preparing for war, can be isolated and rendered harmless by the consistent policy of peace.”
1960-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 15 (1960)
“We shall continue to act in this way in the future and lend our support to any initiative, regardless of where it comes from, which, in our opinion, contributes to the strengthening of peace. 167. It follows from all that I have said, that we do not see a way out of the very dangerous situation in which the world finds itself in alignment with one Side or the other, still less in an aggravation of the Struggle between them. We believe that a way out can be found in a gradual overcoming of the obstacles that this struggle brings in its wake and in the gradual superseding and eliminating of the existing military alliances. It is evident, for example, that coexistence in the atmosphere of the arms race can in no way provide a basis for a lasting and stable peace.”
1960-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 15 (1960)
“Therefore, any extension and aggravation of this struggle necessarily leads to the intensification of the cold war, to propaganda moves, to extreme and exclusive attitudes, and to the alignment of all countries according to these attitudes — thus further deforming and straining international relations, intensifying and aggravating existing disputes, provoking new conflicts and rendering agreement more difficult; 166. We have always endeavoured, especially intense situations, to take a stand on various proposals and initiatives not according to the side from which they come, but in terms of their significance for the strengthening of peace. We have thus given full support to the Soviet proposal on general and complete disarmament, and do so today.”
1960-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 15 (1960)
“The risks involved are obviously incomparably smaller than those contained in the present completely uncontrolled armaments race. 165. This point of view of ours also determines our attitude toward certain tendencies which may lead to a general division of the world and which evidently constitute one of the basic negative facts and elements of contemporary international life and one of the main causes of the so-called cold war.”
1960-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 15 (1960)
“With regard to the crucial question of disarmament, we are faced by a seemingly insoluble contradiction. On the one hand, war is becoming ever more absurd owing to the appalling destructive capabilities of contemporary weapons. On the other hand, the piling-up of ever more destructive weapons itself leads to war. It is evident that only the prevention of the further accumulation of weapons, that is, disarmament, can provide a solution. In this sense we insist that disarmament talks should be renewed as soon as possible within an adequate framework. If no agreement on general disarmament can be reached at the present moment, we should be ready to engage in a partial agreement. Once the idea of a partial agreement is accepted, we must be ready to face the fact that such an agreement will fall short of perfection.”
1960-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 15 (1960)
“I have set forth our views concerning certain international problems that we consider to be of the greatest importance and urgency today. In defining our attitudes on various questions, we always endeavour to be guided by certain principles which constitute the foundation of our entire foreign policy; these principles, as I have already said, are merely a concretization of the principles embodied in the Charter of the United Nations. 162. May I, in conclusion, summarize our views. 163. We believe and maintain that there is no other alternative to active, peaceful coexistence in the world of today and tomorrow. By this we mean the possibility and necessity of developing lasting cooperation among countries with different social and political systems. 164.”
1960-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 15 (1960)
“It is up to us to prove at the present session of the Assembly, by the decisions which we are going to take, more than we have done before, that their trust in our Organization has been justified. 159. I believe that the Assembly should, at its present session, adopt certain general directives, perhaps in the form of a declaration relating to the efforts and rules of conduct which are essential in order to eliminate international tension, to promote peaceful and good-neighbourly relations among States and to develop international co-operation in all spheres. 160. All of us here, representatives of countries large and small alike, are faced with the momentous and unique task of making it possible, through our common efforts, for the peoples and nations of the world to advance towards a more radiant future. 161.”
1960-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 15 (1960)
“On the other hand, Yugoslavia has met along this road a number of countries and peoples from all continents which, guided by the same aspirations, constituted a beneficial force for peace in the days of the cold war. In the present changed international conditions these countries and peoples have proved to be the most consistent protagonists of efforts for the realization of coexistence in the world, for peace based on progress and equal rights. These independent countries have therefore turned, in the first place, towards our Organization, seeing in it and its Charter a powerful instrument for the realization of their own aspirations as well as the general strivings of mankind.”
1960-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 15 (1960)
“The country on behalf of which I am speaking here today, the Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia, has, ever since its birth, sought to establish relations with countries from various parts of the world on such a basis. Owing to this, we believe that our country has contributed not only to its own national interests and aspirations, but also to the general cause of the world. As a fully independent country, it acts in the conviction that it follows a course which, in the present world, leads most surely to peace and to active international co-operation. Pursuing such a course, my country has established fruitful relations with all the nations that were ready to co-operate on the basis of mutual respect, equality and noninterference.”
1960-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 15 (1960)
“Of course, coexistence between them should also be sought in order to replace present tensions and mistrust, not with the intention of stopping at such coexistence, but rather of making it a starting-point towards more active relations and more fruitful and broader co-operation among all States and nations including those that today hold antagonistic positions. Bearing all this in mind, we consider that the true observance of the principles of coexistence is proved and tested only through actual practice, that is, above all through the extent to which a given policy and given political concepts and actions contribute to the strengthening of peace. 158.”
1960-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 15 (1960)
“On the other hand, no less erroneous is the notion that coexistence should mean the preservation of existing relations, as in areas under colonial rule, for instance, and in other regions where the stronger and the more developed have built up privileged positions in weaker and under-developed countries. Such a notion is in flagrant contradiction to the spirit and significance of coexistence, which cannot serve to halt historical processes in international life. On the contrary, it stimulates and facilitates these processes without endangering world peace, but rather making it more stable. Because our views on the concept of coexistence are such that we cannot accept the view that in the present world coexistence should be confined to ensuring the coexisting of the existing groupings.”
1960-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 15 (1960)
“By acceding to membership, we pledge ourselves to observe and apply these principles, and thus also to pursue an international policy fully in harmony with the concepts and practice of coexistence among nations, regardless of their racial, ideological or other differences. That is why it is completely incompatible with the principles of coexistence, and consequently with the principles of the United Nations Charter, not merely to preach and apply a policy of force and of the right of the stronger, but also to preach and apply racial discrimination, to interfere in the internal affairs of others under ideological and political pretexts, to exert economic pressure and discrimination of the stronger against the weaker, to apply any method of moral and political pressure. 157.”
1960-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 15 (1960)
“There is no alternative to this except to live in an almost constant State of "cold war”, or to walk along the verge of war", and finally to have a real war, which would mean complete destruction and this we must all discard. 156. It is for this reason that it is no longer sufficient to define war as a "continuation of policy by other means”. The orientation towards war for the solving of international disputes has become a component of a policy which is no longer capable of convincing otherwise than by threats or use of force. The fundamental principles of coexistence are really a living and creative interpretation of the spirit and principles of the Charter of our Organization.”
1960-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 15 (1960)
“It is, of course, completely illusory to expect that peace will prevail among nations, that they will be able to face the future without fear, if this world of ours continues to be a world where there is no equality between big and small States and nations, where those that have more consider it to their advantage that others have been left behind, or where it is believed that the aims race and the continuation of the cold war are the best means of national policy, and that the policy of force and strength is the surest way towards the fulfilment of their aspirations, whether justified or unjustified, and to solve outstanding problems. 155. Coexistence among nations therefore imposes itself not only as a practical necessity but also as an imperative in the present conditions.”
1960-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 15 (1960)
“Peaceful and active coexistence is now gaining momentum in the world in the technical, cultural and even, to a certain extent, in the political field with regard to relations among States with different Social systems. Why should artificial obstacles be placed in the way of this, the only correct process of development in the world? Why should misinformation, falsehood and even hatred among peoples be disseminated through the Press, in speeches and in other ways? Why should antiquated, obsolete methods and procedures persistently be used in the modern world where they are not only anachronistic but also pose a constant threat to the peace and progress of mankind? These are precisely the elements that impede the proper development of international relations and co-operation. 154.”
1960-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 15 (1960)
“The first fundamental principle of coexistence, as we understand it, is that different social systems must not be a reason for war conflicts or stand in the way of peaceful cooperation amongst States and peoples. The second fundamental principle of peaceful coexistence is that various controversial issues should be settled in a peaceful way, and that force and war should be eliminated from the practice of international relations. The third fundamental principle is the observance of the obligation of non-interference in the internal affairs of other peoples and States and the right of every people to organize its own internal development and its own life, 153.”
1960-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 15 (1960)
“If the modern world is to cope successfully with the problems I have just mentioned as well as with all the other problems upon which peace and the future of mankind depend, it is indispensable that all peoples, without exception, should accept the principles of coexistence and, what is more, apply them in their mutual relations everywhere and on every occasion. 152. In our opinion, the essence of peaceful and active coexistence should contain important elements that are not yet generally accepted in international relations, a fact which poisons in various ways and to a growing extent the relations between peoples and States in the world.”
1960-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 15 (1960)
“Efforts should be made in that respect to make proper use of the time and work of the present session of the Assembly in order to reach at least a basic agreement on the renewal of the negotiations on disarmament. The whole world expects this of us. The Yugoslav delegation will, for its part, participate with the greatest interest, in the course of this session, in the consideration of various aspects of the disarmament problem as well as in the possible study of new proposals striving, as it has done in the past, to appraise objectively and to support all the elements that can bring us closer to a solution. 151.”
1960-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 15 (1960)
“This would also ensure a more stable equilibrium in the negotiating body which might help to avoid the difficulties soon encountered by the Ten-Nation Committee based on the, concept of mechanical equilibrium between the representatives of the two military alignments. On the other hand, the negotiating body should evidently be better suited to the performance of the operative tasks of negotiating than has been the case with the United Nations Disarmament Commission, which — I wish to lay particular emphasis on this — has a positive place and, perhaps, a lasting importance as an expression of the common interest and responsibilities of the entire membership of the United Nations in regard to the disarmament problem. An appropriate and acceptable machinery could perhaps be found within the general framework of the Commission. 150.”
1960-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 15 (1960)
“It is well known that no result have been achieved; the negotiations were interrupted and the problem of disarmament has again been placed before the United Nations at the initiative of the great Powers themselves. 149. It would therefore be necessary, for the purpose of conducting disarmament negotiations, to find a solution along the lines of a negotiating body which would be more effective and which would be constituted on a broader basis than the Ten-Nation Committee on Disarmament. The composition of the negotiating body should be such as to reflect more adequately the political structure of the present-day world and the principle of geographical representation.”
1960-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 15 (1960)
“The frameworks which have been laid down were either too narrow and one-sided, or too broad and rigid, for the conduct of practical negotiations. 148. It is a fact that the great Powers have a particular responsibility with regard to the question of disarmament, and thus also specific obligations towards the world. For this reason we have, for a number of years — through the establishment of the five-Power Sub-Committee and later through the setting up of the Ten-Nation Committee on Disarmament-entrusted the great Powers With the task of finding a basis for agreement on disarmament and of evolving methods for the realization of such an agreement.”
1960-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 15 (1960)
“Taken together, these measures should provide a pattern of advance at the beginning and within the framework of essential progress towards general disarmament. The best thing would be, of course, to achieve the most substantial results as soon as possible; it seems to me, however, that the steps I have outlined are significant enough to lead rapidly to major results. 147. The fifteenth session of the General Assembly is undoubtedly called upon, even more so than has been the case in the past, to help establish an appropriate procedure and machinery for disarmament negotiations. A more appropriate procedure than the one applied so far would certainly make it possible for developments in the field of disarmament finally to take a more favourable turn. The forms used in the past have obviously not proved very fortunate.”
1960-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 15 (1960)
“What we have in mind here are genuine measures of a radical nature, with a visible and direct material and political effect, measures apt to contribute towards advancing the technological process essential to disarmament (what I have in mind is the development and application of control etc.). The discontinuance of nuclear tests provides the best example of such a measure. Similar useful measures could, in the light of the above conditions, be the following: the reduction of military expenditure and the utilization of the savings effected in this way, or of part of these savings, for assistance to under-developed countries; the transfer of fissionable materials for peaceful uses, as well as disengagement in Central Europe.”
1960-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 15 (1960)
“Satisfactory compromises regarding the problem of control are possible, if control is viewed within the context of solving the problem of disarmament and of the achievement of certain practical measures within a given process. 146. While giving its support to general and complete disarmament, and thus to the proposals made to this effect, the Yugoslav Government would be prepared to accept certain measures as part of the process leading to general and complete disarmament; such measures would, by their very nature, stimulate both further agreements and the solution of the problems of disarmament in its entirety.”
1960-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 15 (1960)
“The question of balance should, of course, be taken into account in the concrete process of disarmament, as it would be unrealistic to expect any country to accept a proposal which might, at a given moment, or in a given period, place it in a position of obvious inferiority. It would be, however, extremely harmful to seek to establish an abstract and absolute balance in advance, as no such balance exists in the process of armament either. 145. The same applies to the control of disarmament. It is not possible to question, nor does anyone actually question, the need for adequate, strict control as a function of disarmament. On the other hand, to insist upon the introduction of far-reaching measures of control before undertaking measures of actual disarmament is only another way, of opposing disarmament.”
1960-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 15 (1960)
“It is sufficiently well known, I believe, that the Yugoslav Government has always worked comprehensively and actively in the United Nations and elsewhere towards a solution of the problem of disarmament. 144. The problems of balance and control have often up to now been placed in the forefront of negotiations. Provided there is a readiness and a sincere willingness to advance towards genuine disarmament, these problems should not, we feel, be allowed to become intractable and to constitute an obstacle to an agreement because, intrinsically, they are not and should not constitute such an obstacle.”
1960-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 15 (1960)
“We are firmly convinced that the realization of general and complete disarmament alone provides such an alternative. Tills is precisely the reason why the Yugoslav Government has — in addition to the support given to other comprehensive measures leading towards general and complete disarmament- welcomed the proposal set forth in the statement made by Mr. Khrushchev, Premier of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, to the General Assembly of the United Nations on 18 September 1959 [799th meeting], as well as later Soviet proposals indicating a broad and direct approach to actual disarmament measures. 143. We are firmly convinced that general and complete disarmament is not an unrealistic aim, but rather the only possible and lasting solution.”
1960-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 15 (1960)
“Similarly, as an expression of the negative -views of those who are unable — even in the present condition marked by the existence of missiles and nuclear weapons — to renounce the potential use of force and war as a means of solving international disputes, we also come across various theories on the possibility, or even harmlessness, of local wars. These theories are put forward despite a number of extremely eloquent experiences derived in this respect from the post-war period, although precisely the opposite should have become clear to everybody, namely, that any local war inevitably tends, under present world conditions, to turn into a general war. The trend towards so-called tactical nuclear weapons is bound to have the same effect. 142. What is the only lasting positive alternative to the present negative developments in this sphere?”
1960-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 15 (1960)
“This balance does not ensure security, as the protagonists of a certain policy want to make us believe. On the contrary, it is being transformed into a state of complete insecurity and presents a permanent mortal danger for mankind. 139. In order to create conditions in which the efforts for the attainment of disarmament might prove successful, it is obviously essential — as I have already said — to create a minimum of favourable atmosphere and an indispensable degree of mutual confidence. Unfortunately, an opposite course has too often been followed in the past. 140. For instance, it cannot be assumed that it is possible, at one and the same time, successfully to negotiate and to violate the sovereignty and national frontiers of the negotiating partners regardless of the motives invoked for justifying such harmful practices. 141.”
1960-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 15 (1960)
“In fact, disarmament, if viewed in a sufficiently broad prospective, is a specific form of changing the world in a positive sense, as well as of relations therein. An ability to grasp this is, therefore, also required, as well as a readiness to place international relations upon a new basis. 137. That means that it is necessary, in order to make progress, to change certain established concepts and approaches, to abandon certain aims which obviously cannot be attained without war, to turn for the solution of international questions towards genuine peaceful coexistence among countries with different social systems. 138. The present so-called balance of armaments has reached so high and dangerous a level of military techniques and equipment that it is losing its "raison d’être to an increasing degree every day.”
1960-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 15 (1960)
“In the same way, any improvement in international relations, any progress in solving outstanding international issues — an aim towards which we should persistently strive — would have a favourable bearing on the solution of the disarmament problem. It follows, therefore, that the interdependence between the state of international relations and the situation in the field of disarmament is absolutely clear and direct. There is obviously no need to try to find out where to start, as it is obvious that the greatest efforts should be exerted in both directions. 136. It would be a mistake to believe that, in the unfolding of the process of international disarmament, everything would remain as it was before — the cold war, the war preparations and the rest. The vicious circle would be broken and international relations would enter a new era.”
1960-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 15 (1960)
“As a concrete example of a measure which we favour and which is essential to all, I shall mention the unwarranted delay in the reaching of an agreement for which all the objective preconditions have matured and which is demanded by public opinion throughout the world. I am referring to the prohibition of nuclear weapons tests. We believe that there are no longer any real obstacles in this respect, provided the great Powers could reach a political understanding to conclude the negotiations, which have already lasted approximately two years, and come to an agreement, to which all countries should adhere. 135. That, and any other genuine progress in the field of disarmament, would have a favourable effect on international relations and would contribute considerably to their improvement.”
1960-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 15 (1960)
“Therefore, it is erroneous to speak, with regard to disarmament, of the continuation of the arms race; actually, this race is constantly gaining in speed, scope and intensity. 133. There are many ways of illustrating the absurd proportions assumed by the ever more intense armaments race as well as the extent of its negative consequences for mankind, but it is not my Intention to do it here. The fact that the cost of a single B-70 super-bomber is equal to the total assistance extended through the United Nations for the development of under-developed countries in the course of one year points clearly to the urgent need of abandoning the course now being pursued. 134.”
1960-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 15 (1960)
“This awareness has not, however, in the attempts made hitherto to solve the problem, been translated into terms of essential practical measures. This has led to a situation where disarmament has assumed a specific role in international relations, a role whose significance is, it seems to me, even more crucial perhaps than has ever been the case before. 132. Therefore, we have to approach the solution of the problem of, disarmament with a sense of extreme urgency. It should constantly be borne in mind that, as time passes, the armaments race grows in intensity and that, as a result of this, each new measure of disarmament becomes more difficult and complicated. New and more dangerous types of weapons which are increasingly difficult to control appear every day; the circle of countries possessing such armaments is expanding.”
1960-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 15 (1960)
“The progress achieved by many Asian countries in the field of industrialization provides the best answer to the assertion advanced as recently as ten years ago to the effect that the under-developed countries did not have the natural resources and manpower required for industrialization in the modern sense. The Asian countries are successfully mastering the organizational problems of industrialization. They are making tremendous progress in the training of domestic industrial personnel. However, their efforts are greatly hampered by the lack of financial resources. 130. The next important and urgent problem which I should like to examine is the question of disarmament. 131. The importance of disarmament, as one of the key problems of war and peace, is generally recognized.”
1960-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 15 (1960)
“The awareness of the inevitability of this process should impel us to support and not seek to slow it down or impede it as this would be bound to provoke resistance and lead to political tension and conflicts, as shown particularly by the example of Cuba. In any case, we cannot consider as normal a situation where the markets of many Latin American products are placed at the mercy of the so-called free play of world supply and demand. There is an obvious need for international action in this Sphere. 129. Neither have the economic problems of Asia lost any of their urgency.”
1960-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 15 (1960)
“My country is, at the same time, prepared to renounce a considerable part of the assistance which it has hitherto beep, receiving through the technical assistance programme of the United Nations in favour of the new African countries. 128. The concentration of our efforts towards the solution of the problems of Africa should not, however, mean that we intend to neglect the problems of Latin America and Asia, with which we have been confronted for a decade now, and are even today confronted. A solution to the problems of Latin America is to be sought, in our view, primarily through an accelerated industrialization. The new economic conditions prevailing in the world call for a diversification of national economies.”
1960-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 15 (1960)
“The problem of the development of underdeveloped countries has assumed a particularly acute form in Africa, where political and colonial relations are most persistently maintained and where they are intertwined with the consequences of economic backwardness. The problems of Africa demand the greatest efforts on our part. We consider as fully justified the request that the United Nations take concerted action with a view to technical, financial and economic assistance to the African Continent. I am, therefore, in a position to state here that my country is ready to consider, together with other countries, the possibility of increasing assistance to the newly liberated African countries in the form of experts, materials and funds.”
1960-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 15 (1960)
“One of the most urgent tasks of the present session of the General Assembly is, therefore, to hasten, extend and render more effective all forms of international assistance and of international financing of the development of under-developed countries, primarily through an increase of funds available to the United Nations for the purpose. This, in fact, means that our Organization should now undertake large-scale action for the purpose of providing broad and unselfish assistance to the newly independent countries of Africa, so as to enable them to consolidate their independence and advance vigorously along the path of economic, cultural and general progress. 127.”
1960-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 15 (1960)
“If assistance, through the United Nations were to continue on so limited a scale, at so slow a pace, and in the manner in which it has been given so far, its effect could hardly be expected to tally with the interests of the consolidation of the countries concerned and of world peace. We should then still be faced with the wholly unwarranted situation where the highly developed countries spend on armaments a sum equal to the total production of the underdeveloped countries, and where one tenth of the production of our planet is being thrown into funds earmarked for destruction and devastation instead of being directed towards the advancement and progress of mankind.”
1960-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 15 (1960)
“However, in view of the fact that the material resources of the United Nations are extremely limited, owing to the reluctance and refusal of wealthy States to place substantial means at the disposal of the United Nations for this purpose, it is clear that the newly liberated and under-developed countries cannot, under such conditions, rely solely upon assistance from the United Nations. One has to recognize their right to receive assistance from wherever they can obtain it, provided no political, economic or other conditions are attached. 126. The measures undertaken by the United Nations so far in this respect have undoubtedly been useful, but have been out of all proportion to the actual needs.”
1960-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 15 (1960)
“It is from this and from backwardness in the most varied forms, it is from the economic weakness and dependence of certain countries and areas that conditions for interference from outside, for attempts to establish and redistribute "spheres of influence", necessarily arise. All this leads, as we are well aware, to political conflicts and hinders stabilization both in the political and the economic fields, 125. In view of the experience so far, and of the fact that the granting of assistance and support is sometimes linked to political and economic conditions, while the granting of assistance on an individual basis is viewed by other States with the utmost suspicion and raises political problems, it is clear that to channel such assistance primarily through the United Nations is the best and most appropriate course.”
1960-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 15 (1960)
“Thirty-five territories have achieved their freedom since the establishment of the United Nations, while several territories will attain their independence in the very near future. Twenty-nine formerly dependent territories have been admitted to the United Nations during the period under review. Now, however, our Organization is faced with the tremendous task of providing this new freedom with full political and economic substance. 124. It is also quite obvious that the question of the final liquidation of colonial relationships is closely connected with the existence of the gap between the under-developed countries and the highly developed regions of the world, such as Europe and North America, and that it represents, moreover, one of the main causes of the continued existence and of the extension of this gap.”
1960-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 15 (1960)
“The role of the United Nations in all these developments is of the highest significance both in the political and in the economic spheres. The United Nations should act effectively to ensure that the processes of emancipation be speeded up and that they evolve with the least impediment possible; it should, at the same time, extend all-round and timely assistance to the countries which have set out along the road of independence so as to enable them to consolidate their independence and to give it the maximum substance. So far, the main concern of the United Nations in this respect has been to guide the trust territories, towards independence as rapidly as possible and to speed up the evolution of other dependent territories towards independence.”
1960-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 15 (1960)
“Only relations based on equality between the peoples which have attained their independence and the peoples of the colonial Powers can benefit both sides and can moreover — and this is their most important feature — make such a policy into a powerful element in the safeguarding of peace and the promotion of constructive international co-operation. The implementation of such an approach to the question of relations between the newly liberated peoples and the peoples of the colonial Powers would do away with the basic source of conflict and crisis, and remove the causes of antagonisms between countries in the backward and under-developed regions, on the one hand, and the highly developed parts of the world, on the other. 123.”
1960-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 15 (1960)
“If we probe more deeply into the problem of the liquidation of colonial relationships and analyse it in all its aspects, we shall easily come to the conclusion that the present tendency of the colonial Powers to preserve, at all costs, their economic and other positions, even after the attainment of independence, particularly by the African countries, is basically detrimental not only to the peoples which have achieved their independence, but also to the peoples of the colonial Powers themselves. Such a policy cannot, in the long run, yield any benefits. It can only lead to new conflicts and do harm to both sides.”
1960-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 15 (1960)
“A specific and extremely dangerous aspect of these profoundly anti-historical tendencies, which are still at work on the African Continent, is the ruthless policy of racial discrimination and oppression pursued by the Government of the Union of South Africa, a policy whose consequences have so tragically come to the fore this year. It is well-nigh incredible that it should be possible to conduct such a policy at the present time, in this latter half of the twentieth century, and in an area where liberation trends are go powerfully at work. This is certainly a problem to which the United Nations must devote even greater — and more effective-attention than it has done in the past. 122.”
1960-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 15 (1960)
“In these circumstances, the Provisional Government of Algeria is seeking a way out of the situation by means of a referendum under United Nations supervision, and we, for our part, can only welcome and support this proposal. 120. However, the continuation of the war in Algeria also has other, broader implications. If no early democratic solution is found, this will implicitly amount to a legalization of force as a means for suppressing the legitimate aspirations of a people and thus, in fact, a legalizing of war in general. 121.”
1960-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 15 (1960)