YouSaid · the spoken record

Diani Jimesha Prince

lines on the record: 90
first: 2020-04-29
most recent: 2021-05-06
sittings or episodes: 20
sources: un-security-council

Every line below is reproduced as it was said and linked to the record it came from. Nothing here is summarised or generated. Directory · Search · Corrections

“We also take note of the reports on the work of the Declaration Assessment Team. It remains imperative that all gaps and inconsistencies be clarified, and it is our hope that the continued constructive and inclusive dialogue between the parties will help to make meaningful progress in that regard. That is the only path to building trust, fostering cooperation and ensuring the full implementation of resolution 2118 (2013). The Security Council should not overlook the notifications issued by the Syrian Government warning that various armed groups operating in Syria may be preparing to use chemical weapons. We have an obligation to give that matter due attention in order to make an assessment and safeguard civilians.”
2020-12-11 · UN Security Council · Security Council, S/2020/1202 (2020) · source
“As the implementing body of the Chemical Weapons Convention, the OPCW plays a tremendous role in realizing our shared goal of a world free of chemical weapons. We therefore continue to underscore that it is fundamentally important that its work and that of its various facets and subsidiary bodies be impartial, independent and free from politicization. Anything less contributes to the erosion of the multilateral system. Although the current pandemic has further delayed progress on this dossier, we recognize the efforts made by both the OPCW and the Syrian Arab Republic to continue to undertake the critical work in as far as it is possible to do so. We take note of the seventh round of inspections conducted between 8 and 13 November, and we look forward to receiving the corresponding report.”
2020-12-11 · UN Security Council · Security Council, S/2020/1202 (2020) · source
“I wish to thank Director-General Arias and High Representative Nakamitsu for their briefings. I would like to begin by commending the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) for having successfully hosted the first part of the twenty-fifth session of the Conference of the States Parties to the Chemical Weapons Convention despite the impediments created by the coronavirus disease pandemic. We look forward to the second part of the Conference taking place in April 2021 or as soon as the situation allows. Saint Vincent and the Grenadines reiterates its support for the mandate of the OPCW. Our commitment to ensuring that applied science is used only for peace, progress and the prosperity of all humankind never wavers.”
2020-12-11 · UN Security Council · Security Council, S/2020/1202 (2020) · source
“Without this assistance, internally displaced persons and refugees will have nothing to return to, and civilians will be forced to remain without essential infrastructure. Syria will be able to emerge from this conflict and start the lengthy process of recovery only with the steadfast support of the international community. We must therefore adopt a pragmatic and holistic approach when discussing the complex matters affecting the country and its people.”
2020-10-27 · UN Security Council · Security Council, S/2020/1049 (2020) · source
“Our concern for the Syrian people is heightened as winter approaches, bringing with it a plethora of new humanitarian needs and challenges. We therefore continue to support the cross-border mechanism and urge all parties to work in partnership to scale up the critical humanitarian response, utilizing all available modalities and in line with humanitarian principles. We further appeal for the lifting of all unilateral coercive measures, which may adversely affect the humanitarian response and the country’s already burdened economy. With regard to internally displaced persons, we emphasize that their return to their places of origin or resettlement in new areas must be voluntary, safe, dignified and fully informed. Furthermore, we renew our call for the international community to contribute to Syria’s reconstruction efforts.”
2020-10-27 · UN Security Council · Security Council, S/2020/1049 (2020) · source
“Accountability for acts committed in violation of the law must remain a high priority. We remain concerned about the outstanding issues involving detainees and missing persons. We echo the call for the release of all arbitrarily detained civilians, particularly women and children. Furthermore, the families of those who are missing deserve to know the fate of their loved ones. These actions will also certainly contribute to confidence-building and reconciliation within Syria, in furtherance of the political process. Syria’s worsening socioeconomic condition, exacerbated by the severe economic downturn and the global pandemic, is alarming. The country is battling food insecurity, and basic commodities are out of reach.”
2020-10-27 · UN Security Council · Security Council, S/2020/1049 (2020) · source
“We therefore reiterate the need for the engagement of all relevant parties, including women, to ensure a sustainable and equitable peace for all Syrians. In this vein, we reaffirm our support for the continued efforts of the Special Envoy. We welcome the most recent report of the Secretary-General (S/2020/1031), and we note, with regret, the violations of the ceasefire, recorded almost daily, in the north-west of Syria. Hostilities undermine the ceasefire agreement, harm civilians, obstruct the urgent humanitarian response and destroy objects indispensable to the survival of the civilian population. It is imperative that parties to the conflict respect the agreement, and we remind them of their obligation to strictly comply with the requirements of international humanitarian law and international human rights law.”
2020-10-27 · UN Security Council · Security Council, S/2020/1049 (2020) · source
“I thank the President for convening today’s meeting, and Special Envoy Pedersen and Under-Secretary-General Lowcock for their thorough briefings. The political and humanitarian situations in Syria are clearly interconnected. The country’s humanitarian issues will not improve in the absence of peace and stability, which can be achieved only through a credible, balanced and inclusive Syrian-owned and Syrian-led political process. To this end, it is crucial that the momentum of the Constitutional Committee be sustained. We look forward to the convening of the next session and hope that the Chairs will reach an agreement on the agenda soon, so that the discussions may recommence without delay. The Committee can certainly assist in facilitating the wider political process.”
2020-10-27 · UN Security Council · Security Council, S/2020/1049 (2020) · source
“On the point of counter-terrorism, we reiterate that such activities must comply with the fundamental principles of international law. The protection of civilians and objects indispensable to the survival of the civilian population must remain paramount. An inclusive, credible and sustainable Syrian-owned and Syrian-led political process, which is free from interference, is the only solution to end the current conflict. It is the only path towards restoring peace and stability to the Syrian people. The international community must therefore continue to support all efforts to realize that goal.”
2020-09-18 · UN Security Council · Security Council, S/2020/936 (2020) · source
“The country’s stability is also tied to its economic recovery. Syria’s rapid socioeconomic downturn is alarming and threatens the well-being of millions of Syrians. We yet again appeal for the lifting of all unilateral coercive measures imposed on Syria to assist with the country’s rehabilitation, especially in consideration of the current humanitarian situation, which is made worse by the COVID-19 pandemic. Syria’s sovereignty and territorial integrity are endangered by the continued occupation of unauthorized foreign forces and the prevailing threat of Security Council-designated terrorist entities. Respect for Syria’s independence necessitates the withdrawal of these forces and the eradication of the scourge of terrorism.”
2020-09-18 · UN Security Council · Security Council, S/2020/936 (2020) · source
“The success of the wider political process is dependent on the cultivation of trust and confidence. In this vein, we reiterate the urgent need to address in a meaningful way the issues of detainees, abductees and missing persons in a demonstration of goodwill and to promote reconciliation within Syria. Resolution 2254 (2015) acknowledges the close linkage between a ceasefire and the parallel political process. The perpetuation of hostilities therefore denies an environment conducive to the fulfillment of the process and the restoration of stability. For this reason, the continued reports of sporadic violence are concerning. Maximum restraint must be exhibited and the preservation of the ceasefire in the north-west is critical. Above all, the implementation of a complete and immediate nationwide cessation of hostilities is essential.”
2020-09-18 · UN Security Council · Security Council, S/2020/936 (2020) · source
“I thank Special Envoy Pedersen for his briefing. Saint Vincent and the Grenadines once again expresses our support for the tireless efforts of the Special Envoy in facilitating Syria’s political process. We are pleased that, despite the challenges presented by the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, the small body of the Constitutional Committee was able to meet at the end of August and that the discussions were characterized by respect and a commitment by the parties to working together. We look forward to the convening of the fourth session and we hope that an agreement on the agenda will be arrived at soon. We also remind parties of the importance of women’s participation in the work of the Committee in order to ensure fair and balanced outcomes for all Syrians.”
2020-09-18 · UN Security Council · Security Council, S/2020/936 (2020) · source
“Furthermore, it deters the cultivation of conditions necessary for the safe, dignified and voluntary return of refugees and internally displaced persons. In this context, we emphasize the importance of preserving the ceasefire in the north-west and we echo the call for a complete nationwide cessation of hostilities. There remains no military solution to the conflict in Syria and we continue to support a political settlement in accordance with resolution 2254 (2015). The Syrian people have endured and continue to endure immeasurable suffering. Let us not lose sight of our responsibility to them.”
2020-09-16 · UN Security Council · Security Council, S/2020/915 (2020) · source
“We remind all parties of their obligations and urge them to pursue a sustainable solution to ensure its full and uninterrupted functioning. We are concerned by the fires that have engulfed forests and agricultural land in recent days. A combination of factors, including rising temperatures in the region owing to the climate crisis, have contributed to the recurrence of these incidents, which undoubtedly have a harmful environmental impact and exacerbate the current humanitarian challenges. It is our hope that these fires will be swiftly subdued to protect vital land and prevent further displacement. The stabilization of Syria’s security situation is necessary for the preservation of a robust humanitarian response. The prolongation of hostilities substantially hinders humanitarian actors from coordinating and carrying out life-saving work.”
2020-09-16 · UN Security Council · Security Council, S/2020/915 (2020) · source
“The dreadful complications associated with economic decline — food insecurity, hyperinflation and diminished access to basic necessities — are well documented and have regrettably become commonplace in the lives of millions of Syrians. We appeal to the international community to assist with the resuscitation of the economy by lifting all unilateral coercive measures imposed on Syria. These measures will serve only as the basis for further economic deterioration, increasing the burden on the Syrian people, and could significantly impede the country’s COVID-19 response. We welcome the resumption of the operations of the Allouk water station, albeit at only 30 per cent capacity. Further disruptions threaten the survival of nearly half a million people and could precipitate an increase in COVID-19 cases in the north-east.”
2020-09-16 · UN Security Council · Security Council, S/2020/915 (2020) · source
“I thank Under-Secretary-General Lowcock for his comprehensive briefing. Unfortunately, in Syria the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic is now a nationwide issue, with cases steadily rising throughout the country. With limited testing capacity the true magnitude of the outbreak has not yet been realized. Syria’s health-care system has been debilitated by conflict, and an acute shortage of personal protective equipment and other essential medical supplies impairs efforts to combat the virus. It is evident that significant gaps remain, and the scaling-up of timely, safe, sustained, and unimpeded humanitarian support, utilizing all available modalities, therefore remains imperative.”
2020-09-16 · UN Security Council · Security Council, S/2020/915 (2020) · source
“We recognize that the coronavirus disease pandemic has necessitated the postponement of planned deployments and missions. Be that as it may, we are pleased to note that technical consultations between the OPCW and Syria continue despite the unprecedented circumstances. We reiterate the importance of resolving all of the outstanding issues regarding the initial declaration. We commend the continued engagement on this matter, and it is our hope that sustained cooperation between the parties will assist in making progress in this regard. Saint Vincent and the Grenadines shares the vision of a chemical-weapons- free world. And we support all efforts to make certain that applied science and technology is used only for peace, progress and the prosperity of all humankind.”
2020-09-10 · UN Security Council · Security Council, S/2020/902 (2020) · source
“The Organization’s findings must be able to withstand rigorous scrutiny to enable States parties to the Chemical Weapons Convention to maintain confidence in its internal structure and processes. The Security Council should support all efforts to strengthen the Organization’s capacity to ensure that the quality of its work remains of the highest standard. The OPCW must be above reproach; anything less erodes trust, undermines its efforts and renders it wholly ineffective. We should also remain mindful that, in our deliberations on this issue, we ought to consider the perspectives of the Syrian Government, in respect for Syria’s sovereignty and territorial integrity. We must therefore encourage and facilitate dialogue to build trust, enhance cooperation and thwart divisiveness among States parties to the Chemical Weapons Convention.”
2020-09-10 · UN Security Council · Security Council, S/2020/902 (2020) · source
“I thank High Representative Nakamitsu for her briefing. At the outset, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines reaffirms its principled position that the use of chemical weapons anywhere and by anyone constitutes an abominable violation of international law. Chemical-weapon atrocities cannot be ignored, and impunity cannot be encouraged. Perpetrators must be held accountable. We reiterate our support for the mandate of the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW). The OPCW bears a tremendous responsibility as the guardian of the Chemical Weapons Convention. It must therefore ensure that all facets and activities, including the work of the Fact-Finding Mission, the Identification and Investigation Team and the Declaration Assessment Team, are impartial, transparent and not politicized.”
2020-09-10 · UN Security Council · Security Council, S/2020/902 (2020) · source
“The rights of all Afghans must be respected, in line with the Afghan Constitution and international law. Once more, we echo the Secretary-General’s calls for a global ceasefire, which is an imperative for successful intra-Afghan negotiations. In conclusion, we reaffirm our strong commitment to UNAMA and the sovereignty, independence, territorial integrity and national unity of Afghanistan. We remain convinced that a durable political solution to the conflict can only be achieved through an Afghan-led and Afghan-owned peace process that ensures the full, equal and effective participation of women in decision-making processes at all levels.”
2020-09-03 · UN Security Council · Security Council, S/2020/891 (2020) · source
“We also call on partners in the region to strengthen relations and facilitate direct peace talks with the Taliban. In the area of security, the situation in Afghanistan remains unpredictable and highly volatile. We strongly condemn all acts of violence and intimidation directed against civilians, the Afghan National Security Forces, United Nations and other humanitarian personnel, and other collateral targets. We reaffirm our serious concerns at the number of civilian casualties reported by UNAMA in its midyear update on the protection of civilians and reiterate our full support for a zero-tolerance approach to addressing serious violations of human rights and international humanitarian law in Afghanistan, especially against women and children.”
2020-09-03 · UN Security Council · Security Council, S/2020/891 (2020) · source
“More is expected of the United Nations: in particular in terms of leading international efforts towards a peaceful solution of the nearly two-decades-long conflict in the country and of coordinating the provision of humanitarian assistance. We appeal to members of the international donor community to renew their support for Afghanistan and cooperate closely with the United Nations to ensure that the urgent humanitarian needs are addressed. We also emphasize the importance of regional consensus, which is imperative for the success of intra-Afghan peace and reconciliation. As we look towards the upcoming intra-Afghan negotiation, Afghanistan’s partners in the region should engage constructively in support of an Afghan-led and Afghan-owned peace process.”
2020-09-03 · UN Security Council · Security Council, S/2020/891 (2020) · source
“At the outset, we thank the President of the Security Council for convening today’s meeting and convey our appreciation to Ms. Deborah Lyons and Mr. Saad Mohseni for their informative briefings. Saint Vincent and the Grenadines commends the ongoing efforts of the United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA) to promote a durable political settlement and lasting peace in Afghanistan. Afghanistan is currently at a critical juncture, as the volatile security and political situations have been further compounded by the spread of the coronavirus disease, natural disasters, food insecurity and other humanitarian concerns.”
2020-09-03 · UN Security Council · Security Council, S/2020/891 (2020) · source
“We would also like to thank Ambassador Pecsteen de Buytswerve for his valuable contributions to the work of the Security Council and wish him the very best of luck in his new appointment in Geneva.”
2020-07-29 · UN Security Council · Security Council, S/2020/758 (2020) · source
“Conflict takes lives, destroys critical infrastructure, forces displacement and disrupts the delivery of aid. We therefore urge all parties to exercise maximum restraint. Further, we remind them of their obligations under international humanitarian law and international human rights law when conducting operations aimed at eradicating the scourge of terrorism. The Syrian people continue to pay the highest price of the conflict. The humanitarian situation is at its worst, and there will be no respite in the absence of a political solution. We encourage all parties to continue working together towards accomplishing the shared goal of restoring peace and stability in the country. Before closing, we would like to join with others in congratulating the Federal Republic of Germany on a successful presidency.”
2020-07-29 · UN Security Council · Security Council, S/2020/758 (2020) · source
“We yet again appeal to countries who have imposed unilateral coercive measures on Syria to forgo this course of action to afford the country a fair chance at confronting the current challenges. We further encourage the international community to contribute to Syria’s reconstruction efforts to assist the overall recovery. We remain concerned by the numerous interruptions in the operations of the Allouk water station. We urge all parties to work together to ensure the sustained flow of water to the hundreds of thousands of civilians, residing in overcrowded camps and informal settlements, who are heavily dependent on its supply. Once again, we underscore the importance of preserving the ceasefire in the north-west and of establishing a lasting nationwide cessation of hostilities.”
2020-07-29 · UN Security Council · Security Council, S/2020/758 (2020) · source
“We support meaningful dialogue aimed at improving Syria’s humanitarian situation and welcome the announcement of financial pledges for both Syria and the region. However, we must remain mindful that discussions focused on Syria ought to include the participation of the Syrian Government and we must give due consideration to their perspectives. Syria’s humanitarian emergency has been made worse by the country’s rapidly declining economy. Millions are now food insecure, and access to the most basic commodities is severely constrained. The grave threat of the coronavirus disease pandemic further compounds the socioeconomic challenges. The country’s health- care system has been crippled by a decade of war and is incapable of withstanding a major outbreak.”
2020-07-29 · UN Security Council · Security Council, S/2020/758 (2020) · source
“I thank Mr. Lowcock and Ms. Qaddour for their briefings. The humanitarian needs in Syria are enormous and increasing, and the cross- border mechanism continues to serve as an essential component in the provision of life-saving humanitarian assistance. For this reason, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines reaffirms its support for resolution 2533 (2020). More than ever, there is an urgent need to effectively scale up cross-line deliveries to fill the gaps that now exist. Humanitarian assistance should never be politicized, and we encourage all parties to engage constructively on this matter to ensure that no one is deprived of aid.We take note of the 30 June fourth Brussels conference on supporting the future of Syria and the region.”
2020-07-29 · UN Security Council · Security Council, S/2020/758 (2020) · source
“Syria’s humanitarian situation is inextricably linked to its political process. Without a political solution that has full regard for Syria’s sovereignty, unity and territorial integrity, the conflict will continue and the humanitarian situation will worsen. Cooperation must be prioritized in order to achieve the goals of resolution 2254 (2015) and to bring peace and stability back to Syria.”
2020-06-29 · UN Security Council · Security Council, S/2020/635 (2020) · source
“We urge all parties to work together to ensure the sustained flow of water to civilians in need. In northern Syria, Security Council-designated terrorist groups continue to pose a considerable threat, and this necessitates coordinated and targeted counter- terrorism operations. However, we recall that these efforts must fully respect obligations under international law. Above all, the well-being of the Syrian people is paramount. Hostilities bring harm to civilians, destroy critical infrastructure and obstruct the provision of vital humanitarian aid. We strongly urge the parties to the conflict to continue to exercise maximum restraint and to de-escalate tensions. The ceasefire in the north-west must be preserved and a nationwide cessation of hostilities must be pursued.”
2020-06-29 · UN Security Council · Security Council, S/2020/635 (2020) · source
“Syria cannot continue to withstand the pressures of unilateral sanctions, which also serve to undermine the country’s COVID-19 response and mitigation efforts. We therefore reiterate our calls for the lifting of all unilateral coercive measures to assist the country in confronting the seemingly insurmountable challenges. The Secretary-General’s most recent report (S/2020/576) notes that the Allouk water station and power supply were disrupted multiple times in April and May. Thousands of people residing in overcrowded camps and informal settlements are heavily dependent on its supply. The numerous interruptions significantly diminish the capacity to manage the pandemic through basic hygiene precautions and deny an essential service to the most vulnerable.”
2020-06-29 · UN Security Council · Security Council, S/2020/635 (2020) · source
“I, too, thank Under-Secretary-General Lowcock and Ms. Sirkin for their briefings. Saint Vincent and the Grenadines remains alarmed by the dire humanitarian situation in Syria, which has been exacerbated by the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. The magnitude and complexity of the crisis continue to demonstrate the urgent need to scale up the humanitarian response — a lifeline for millions of Syrians. In that regard, we reiterate our support for the most optimal access arrangements, through all modalities, to guarantee the rapid, uninterrupted and direct provision of humanitarian aid to all who need it. Syria’s swiftly deteriorating economic situation is also profoundly concerning. Millions are now food insecure and basic necessities have become unattainable luxuries.”
2020-06-29 · UN Security Council · Security Council, S/2020/635 (2020) · source
“The international community must therefore continue to lend its support to ensure that the goals of resolution 2254 (2015) are realized.”
2020-06-16 · UN Security Council · Security Council, S/2020/551 (2020) · source
“The restoration of critical infrastructure is integral to the improvement of the humanitarian situation and is necessary for the safe, dignified and voluntary return of refugees and internally displaced persons. The presence of Council-designated terrorist entities continues to pose a substantial threat. We underscore the need for a collaborative approach in counter- terrorism efforts, which must comply with international law. In the same vein, we emphasize that full respect for Syria’s sovereignty, unity and territorial integrity dictates the withdrawal of all unauthorized foreign forces. Syria’s only viable path towards peace is through a credible, balanced and inclusive political process that is free from interference and reflects the legitimate aspirations of the Syrian people.”
2020-06-16 · UN Security Council · Security Council, S/2020/551 (2020) · source
“We therefore encourage the recommencement of this important work in as far as it is practicable to do so remotely. To foster goodwill, we reiterate the need for constructive action on the issue of detainees, particularly in consideration of the coronavirus disease pandemic. The fate of missing persons must also be clarified. Syria’s socioeconomic situation continues to deteriorate to the detriment of the Syrian people. We echo the appeal for the lifting of unilateral sanctions so as to alleviate the burden and to assist in strengthening the country’s capacity to confront the pandemic. We continue to encourage the international community to contribute to Syria’s reconstruction.”
2020-06-16 · UN Security Council · Security Council, S/2020/551 (2020) · source
“I would like to thank Ms. Ghazi and Special Envoy Pedersen for their briefings. Saint Vincent and the Grenadines continues to support the Special Envoy’s determined efforts to facilitate the wider political process in Syria. The creation of a safe and neutral environment that fosters trust and cooperation is vital to the progress and success of the political process. In that regard, the March ceasefire agreement, although fragile, has created an opportunity for further meaningful engagement. It is our hope that this agreement will also encourage the full implementation of a lasting nationwide cessation of hostilities. We take note that the Small Body of the Constitutional Committee is keen to proceed with its next session whenever the global situation allows. The Committee must maintain its momentum despite the current circumstances.”
2020-06-16 · UN Security Council · Security Council, S/2020/551 (2020) · source
“The humanitarian situation in Syria requires urgent action, and the country’s overall recovery needs the support of the entire international community. We have a responsibility to assist Syria through positive action so that it can emerge from this conflict to enjoy the peace and prosperity that it justly deserves.”
2020-04-29 · UN Security Council · Security Council, S/2020/354 (2020) · source
“Every successful fight against this virus is a victory for the entire international community. It is in our collective interest to ensure that we all have the proper tools to address it. We take note of the Secretary-General’s summary of the report of the United Nations Headquarters Board of Inquiry. We await the appointment of the senior independent adviser to address the Board of Inquiry’s recommendations. It is critical that these types of incidents do not recur and that the deconfliction mechanism is improved. Saint Vincent and the Grenadines maintains that all parties must respect the fundamental principles of armed conflict. The targeting of civilian and humanitarian infrastructure is a reprehensible violation of international law. Impunity for these acts should not be tolerated.”
2020-04-29 · UN Security Council · Security Council, S/2020/354 (2020) · source
“Hostilities will serve only to further the destruction of indispensable infrastructure and prevent humanitarian actors from carrying out their life-saving work. We acknowledge Syria’s efforts to suppress the virus, including the implementation of travel restrictions and curfews. However, a balance must be struck between maintaining these necessary measures and scaling up and preserving the vital humanitarian response. Timely, safe, sustained and unimpeded access throughout the country remains essential. We urge all parties to continue to engage in dialogue in this regard. We reiterate the appeal for the lifting of unilateral coercive economic measures. It is our obligation to ensure that every country is able to have an effective and robust response to COVID-19.”
2020-04-29 · UN Security Council · Security Council, S/2020/354 (2020) · source
“I thank Under-Secretary-General Lowcock for his usual comprehensive briefing. We join with others in expressing condolences to the families of the victims of yesterday’s attack in Afrin. Saint Vincent and the Grenadines reiterates the Special Envoy’s call for a complete and immediate nationwide ceasefire throughout Syria. While the 5 March agreement has led to a significant cessation of hostilities in the north-west, the appeal for a nationwide ceasefire is now more pertinent than ever to enable the country to effectively combat the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. A decade of war has crippled the country’s public services, including its health system. Many Syrians are living in camps and other informal settlements that lack the means to implement the necessary protective measures.”
2020-04-29 · UN Security Council · Security Council, S/2020/354 (2020) · source