YouSaid · the spoken record

Koblentz

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15
first
2016-08-23
most recent
2016-08-23
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1
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un-security-council

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  1. “I hope the Security Council will take advantage of the comprehensive review of resolution 1540 (2004), of which this open debate is an important contribution, to update the resolution and to take into account the impact of scientific discoveries, technological breakthroughs and the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction to non-State actors.”

    2016-08-23 · UN Security Council · Security Council, S/PV.7758 (2016) · source

  2. “Unmanned aerial and ground vehicles can be used to detect CBRN weapons, for border security and for bomb disposal. Biometrics and radio-frequency ID chips can be used to improve physical security and inventory control. Big Data can be harnessed to improve export controls, and improved sensors can detect the production, transportation and use of CBRN weapons. The international community faces a continuing challenge of encouraging innovation and maximizing the benefits of these new technologies, while simultaneously mitigating the risks that they pose to international security.”

    2016-08-23 · UN Security Council · Security Council, S/PV.7758 (2016) · source

  3. “The seventh characteristic is the rise of the do- it-yourself (DIY) movement. These are amateur innovators who use open-source platforms to build virtual communities dedicated to create an application of those new technologies. There are vibrant transnational DIY movements devoted to UAVs, 3D printing and synthetic biology. The combination of those seven characteristics is what makes it such a challenge to prevent these emerging technologies from being misused by non-State actors. Despite the potential for these advances in science and technology to increase the risks of the proliferation to non-State actors, we should also keep in mind that they also provide opportunities for mitigating those risks and preventing them from occurring.”

    2016-08-23 · UN Security Council · Security Council, S/PV.7758 (2016) · source

  4. “For example, 3D printers use a digital blueprint called a "build file" to programme the machine on what to produce. Such files take up less space on a computer than a typical television episode, which means they are easily transferable via the Internet, email and other means of communication. The fifth feature is that of decentralization. Decentralization means there has been a shift in the global distribution of scientific innovation and industrial capacity. No longer is that concentrated in the West; it is now more widely distributed to a more diverse group of nations around the world. The sixth feature is deskilling. The level of expertise needed to utilize these technologies has been reduced, making them more widely available and more accessible to a larger group than ever before.”

    2016-08-23 · UN Security Council · Security Council, S/PV.7758 (2016) · source

  5. “First, these technologies have dual uses; they can be used either for peaceful or for harmful purposes. Secondly, these technologies are disruptive. They are powerful enough to be able to transform entire industries, economies and fields of science. Due to those two characteristics, these technologies are highly sought after by non-governmental organizations, corporations and Governments for their scientific, commercial and humanitarian applications. The third feature of these technologies is that of diffusion. Thanks to advances in international commerce, new technologies can now be diffused faster and farther afield than ever before. The fourth feature is that all these technologies rely to some degree on a digital component that makes controlling them even more difficult.”

    2016-08-23 · UN Security Council · Security Council, S/PV.7758 (2016) · source

  6. “In 2013, scientists created a powerful new tool for genetic engineering called CRISPR, for clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats. CRISPR allows scientists to modify the genome for practically any organism more precisely, more cheaply and more reliably than ever before. The versatility and ease of use of this tool has given rise to the term "gene editing". Gene editing is poised to make great contributions to human health. But at the same time, the United States Director of National Intelligence has warned that the deliberate or unintentional misuse of this technology could have grave economic or national security implications. Although these technologies differ greatly in many respects, they share seven key characteristics that pose a special challenge to the implementation of the objectives of resolution 1540 (2004).”

    2016-08-23 · UN Security Council · Security Council, S/PV.7758 (2016) · source

  7. “The widespread use of digital and automated industrial control systems in such facilities and their connection to the Internet create special and growing vulnerabilities. This year, the non-governmental organization Nuclear Threat Initiative (NTI) started including cybersecurity as one of the measures in its Nuclear Security Index, and the results were sobering. It found that 20 countries that possessed weapon-usable nuclear material or that had nuclear power plants did not meet even the most basic requirements of cybersecurity. We should not just be one click away from a cyber- Chernobyl. Finally, the last area of scientific knowledge I want to discuss is that of gene editing, a relatively new development in the field of the life sciences.”

    2016-08-23 · UN Security Council · Security Council, S/PV.7758 (2016) · source

  8. “The global reach and anonymity of the Dark Web provides non-State actors with new means of doing business to acquire dual-use equipment and materials. Most of these markets avoid traditional financial systems, and instead rely on digital currencies like bitcoin to conduct transactions. Such transactions are encrypted, which provides anonymity to both the buyer and seller. This poses special challenges to anti-money- laundering and counter-terrorism financing regulations. There is also a growing risk that non-State actors could use malicious software, or malware, to conduct cyberattacks on facilities that produce or store nuclear, biological or chemical materials. These non-State actors could be disgruntled insiders, hacktivists, criminals or terrorists.”

    2016-08-23 · UN Security Council · Security Council, S/PV.7758 (2016) · source

  9. “If they are unable to buy controlled items on their own, they may be able to print them themselves one day. Non-State actors such as terrorists or criminals interested in acquiring CBRN materials are increasingly turning to a special part of the Internet called the Dark Web. The Dark Web can be accessed only by using special encryption software that hides the location and identity of its user. The Dark Web hosts numerous markets that offer a range of illegal goods for sale, such as guns, drugs and even chemical and biological weapons. In 2014, the United States arrested two individuals who sold the toxins ricin and abrin to customers in North America, Europe and Asia. Ricin is a Schedule 1 chemical weapon under the Chemical Weapons Convention.”

    2016-08-23 · UN Security Council · Security Council, S/PV.7758 (2016) · source

  10. “Another emerging technology of concern is 3D printing, because 3D printers are machines that print physical objects layer by layer, using special inks made out of plastic or metal. Because 3D printing is highly automated, it takes much of the skill out of fabrication. The versatility of 3D printing has led to predictions that the market for this technology will reach $30 billion by 2022. As technology advances, more-capable machines are becoming more widely available to more people. Already, amateurs have used 3D printers to create plastic handguns that can be smuggled through X-ray detectors and into buildings and secure facilities. Scientists have used 3D printers to print micro-reactors that can synthesize chemicals on a small scale. 3D printers create new opportunities for non-State actors to engage in do-it-yourself proliferation.”

    2016-08-23 · UN Security Council · Security Council, S/PV.7758 (2016) · source

  11. “Earlier this year, an unidentified UAV was seen flying over a United States Navy base that hosts several strategic- missile submarines. Future versions of UAVs could be turned into flying improvised explosive devices. These drone bombs could fly over ground-based defences and precisely target critical areas of nuclear facilities or sites that store toxic industrial chemicals. Finally, UAVs could one day be used to deliver weapons of mass destruction directly. While these commercially available UAVs are unlikely to be capable of carrying nuclear weapons, the low-speed, low-altitude, low- payload capacity of UAVs is well suited for delivering chemical and biological agents against civilian targets.”

    2016-08-23 · UN Security Council · Security Council, S/PV.7758 (2016) · source

  12. “I submitted a paper that describes five advances in science and technology that increase the risk of CBRN- material weapons proliferating to non-State actors. I have time to discuss these developments only briefly this morning, so I will refer the Council to the full paper for more details. The first area of concern is unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). UAVs are no longer so expensive or sophisticated that they are restricted to a handful of States. Indeed, several terrorist groups, such as Hamas, Hizbullah and the Islamic State, already fly their own UAVs. The ability of UAVs to collect intelligence over highly secure facilities has proliferation risks. For example, in 2014, unidentified UAVs flew over reactors in France and Belgium for unknown purposes.”

    2016-08-23 · UN Security Council · Security Council, S/PV.7758 (2016) · source

  13. “The same scientific discoveries and technologies fuelling this new industrial revolution have the potential to be misused by non-State actors to cause harm. Klaus Schwab, Executive Chair of the World Economic Forum, warned: "As this process takes place and new technologies such as autonomous or biological weapons become easier to use, individuals and small groups will increasinglyjoin States in being capable of causing mass harm. This new vulnerability will lead to new fears." (The Fourth Industrial Revolution, " Foreign Afiairs, December 2015) It would be far more preferable to predict how these emerging technologies could be misused and take steps ahead of time to mitigate these risks than to wait to respond after these new technologies are used to cause harm on a large scale.”

    2016-08-23 · UN Security Council · Security Council, S/PV.7758 (2016) · source

  14. “Those advances have created unparalleled opportunities and capabilities to manipulate objects in the physical world and in cyberspace, and even our DNA. The combination ofthese emerging technologies led the World Economic Forum in 2015 to declare that we were at the beginning of a fourth industrial revolution. This new industrial revolution is characterized by its global scope, an exponential rate of innovation and the convergence of the chemical, biological, physical and digital worlds. This new industrial revolution has the potential to create huge benefits for productivity and for prosperity and to transform our systems of economics and governance. But the fourth industrial revolution has a dark side.”

    2016-08-23 · UN Security Council · Security Council, S/PV.7758 (2016) · source

  15. “Mr. Koblentz: I thank you, Mr. President, for this opportunity to provide a briefing on how advances in science, technology and international commerce are increasing the risk posed by the proliferation of chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear (CBRN) weapons to non-State actors. Since resolution 1540 (2004) was adopted, in 2004, it has emerged as one of the most important tools the international community has to prevent the proliferation of CBRN weapons to non-State actors. Since 2004, however, there have been amazing advances in science and technology, including technological breakthroughs in artificial intelligence, robotics, 3D printing, autonomous vehicles, nanotechnology, gene editing and synthetic biology.”

    2016-08-23 · UN Security Council · Security Council, S/PV.7758 (2016) · source