YouSaid · the spoken record

Makarenko

lines on the record
11
first
2019-07-09
most recent
2019-07-09
sittings or episodes
1
sources
un-security-council

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  1. “We are navigating a complex security environment where terrorism and organized crime are no longer mutually exclusive, but can be interdependent and sophisticated enough to learn from the successes and failures of groups and cells that came before them. Understanding the evolving proclivities of the linkages is a tool that will inevitably help our national authorities and associated international organizations adjust how they engage in counter-terrorism and anti-crime initiatives.”

    2019-07-09 · UN Security Council · Security Council, S/PV.8569 (2019) · source

  2. “Today one of our greatest concerns should be that expanded linkages could increase our vulnerability to terrorism by groups with enhanced criminal capabilities. If we take the flip side of that, expanded links could also increase our vulnerability to criminal groups with a heightened propensity towards the use of indiscriminate violence. We are undoubtedly challenged by security threats that arise in ungoverned territories, but it is the less predictable threats emanating from the rising profile of small-time criminals turned terrorists, or local criminal enterprises fuelling terrorist cells, that we need to focus more attention on. That is inherently more difficult to counter, and implies that even low-level criminality can no longer be the sole domain of local law enforcement.”

    2019-07-09 · UN Security Council · Security Council, S/PV.8569 (2019) · source

  3. “Although the emergence of a hybrid entity depends upon several factors, what I would like to highlight today is that that type of group - one that equally displays the characteristics of organized crime and terrorism - has developed a sophisticated operational structure that is upheld by its ability to navigate the licit/illicit divide as a means of securing a robust logistic framework. Hybrid groups truly have the organizational infrastructure of organized crime, with the retained tactical expertise of terrorism. From years of conducting ongoing analysis of the crime-terror nexus, there is no doubt that linkages between organized crime and terrorism exist. That is regardless of the fact that that relationship may reveal itself in different ways.”

    2019-07-09 · UN Security Council · Security Council, S/PV.8569 (2019) · source

  4. “Direct networking between terrorists and criminals has enabled the transfer of criminal skills through recruitment, ostensibly providing cells with access to criminal networks that provide weapons, forge documentation and provide other logistical support infrastructure, such as safe houses, and knowledge of local and national police weaknesses. Alliances' appropriation of tactics and integration are types of linkages between terrorism and organized crime that are relatively straightforward to identify, because they do not require analytical judgements to be made on intangible characteristics, such as group motivation and strategic priorities. It is more difficult to draw decisive conclusions about hybrid entities; however, as they exist today, hybrid entities are themselves very important to look at.”

    2019-07-09 · UN Security Council · Security Council, S/PV.8569 (2019) · source

  5. “For larger, more structured groups, such as the Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant, there is considerable evidence that their logistics departments - ifI can use that name - learn the value and necessity of being able to engage in illicit activities to support their operations. That includes everything from establishing smuggling operations to selling illicit goods to having in-house counterfeiting expertise. For smaller, more independent terrorist cells, that has taken the form of recruiting criminals. Over the past several years, for example, we know that prisons have acted as incubators for integration.”

    2019-07-09 · UN Security Council · Security Council, S/PV.8569 (2019) · source

  6. “That relationship between two independent bodies fulfils a number of immediate requirements, such as access to specialized knowledge - money -laundering, for instance - access to specialized services, such as counterfeiting; operational support; access to smuggling networks; and financial support, as we have heard. Although there are numerous historical cases of alliances, in particular in the provision of counterfeit documents and access to arms and weapons, the crux of the alliance has itself evolved, in particular in parts of the world where counter-terrorism efforts are relatively efficient. Perhaps more common in the alliance today are cases where terrorist groups or cells have effectively appropriated or integrated criminal capacity and know-how into their organizations.”

    2019-07-09 · UN Security Council · Security Council, S/PV.8569 (2019) · source

  7. “The organizational nexus, on the other hand, occurs when both terrorists and criminal activities occupy the same space and time. In that manifestation we see the emergence of something called the hybrid group and, in extreme cases, the rise of a de facto black hole - an ungoverned and ungovernable territory where terrorism and organized crime collide, collude and conspire. Each of those five nexus points has specific implications for the logistics capabilities of a terrorist group or cell. Alliances, for example, are often the focus of basic debates on the linkages between terrorism and crime.”

    2019-07-09 · UN Security Council · Security Council, S/PV.8569 (2019) · source

  8. “A holistic approach to the nexus between terrorism and organized crime helps uncover how different types of linkages facilitate access to specialized skill sets and tactics needed for both terrorism and organized crime groups to reach their objectives. How that plays out, however, depends upon the specific nature of that interaction. At its most basic level, the nexus is either transactional or organizational. A transactional nexus generally refers to the coming together of a terrorist and criminal group to fulfil specific operational requirements. That coming together takes place either through an alliance or the appropriation of tactics learned over time, or acquired through the integration of criminals into terrorist groups.”

    2019-07-09 · UN Security Council · Security Council, S/PV.8569 (2019) · source

  9. “As such, or effort to develop an accurate understanding of how, why and when linkages between terrorism and crime develop should be viewed as an essential component of our counter-terrorism and anti-crime strategies. In other words, the nexus is but one tool in our international security toolkit, but a tool that has become central to helping us focus where our limited national, regional and international security and development resources should be directed. Where linkages between terrorism and organized crime exist, a range of peripheral and facilitating crimes are also present. They manifest themselves in various ways and, through an increasing number of cases, reveal that links between terrorism and organized crime have global salience, regional nuances and local proclivities.”

    2019-07-09 · UN Security Council · Security Council, S/PV.8569 (2019) · source

  10. “In seeking to understand the complexities of the relationship between terrorism and organized crime, I would like to begin by saying that this is not a new phenomenon; it has a solid historical academic foundation dating back at least to the 1980s, from which it has evolved into a multifaceted and dynamic concern to, and for, the international community. The linkages that exist between terrorism and organized crime are not independent security threats per say; rather, the ties that develop between terrorism and organized crime exacerbate the security environment. That is most obviously done through changes in financial operations, as we already heard, and logistics.”

    2019-07-09 · UN Security Council · Security Council, S/PV.8569 (2019) · source

  11. “Ms. Makarenko: I would like to begin by thanking you, Mr. President, for providing me this opportunity to speak to the Security Council today. My intention is to summarize my 25 years of interest and academic research on the crime-terrorism nexus, while drawing particular attention to the dimension of logistical support, along with the question of financing, which often comes up with great frequency. Although my initial model on the crime-terror nexus was first published in 2003, based on the findings of an in-depth assessment of hundreds of groups worldwide, over the years the model has been refined to encapsulate new developments in both terrorism and organized crime.”

    2019-07-09 · UN Security Council · Security Council, S/PV.8569 (2019) · source