YouSaid · the spoken record

Ronaldo Costa Filho

lines on the record: 92
first: 2020-07-07
most recent: 2021-10-21
sittings or episodes: 12
sources: un-security-council

Every line below is reproduced as it was said and linked to the record it came from. Nothing here is summarised or generated. Directory · Search · Corrections

“President Jair Bolsonaro has recently joined the Secretary-General’s circle of leadership on the prevention of and response to sexual exploitation and abuse in United Nations operations, in continuation of our unwavering commitment to this issue.The international community celebrates the anniversary of the adoption of resolution 1325 (2000) at an especially challenging juncture. We must strengthen our determination in perfecting the mechanisms of preventive diplomacy, conflict prevention, peacemaking, peacekeeping and peacebuilding. International efforts to fight the pandemic must steel our collective resolve in tackling threats to international peace and security, for which we congratulate the Council on its adoption of resolution 2532 (2020), calling for a global ceasefire to allow for humanitarian aid during the pandemic.”
2020-10-29 · UN Security Council · Security Council, S/2020/1084 (2020) · source
“Commanders Marcia Braga and Carla Araújo were both distinguished with the United Nations Military Gender Advocate of the Year Award for their innovative work promoting mixed teams and striving to reduce sexual violence in the Central African Republic. Such recognition stands as a testament to the competence of those two officers, as well as to Brazil’s commitment to ensuring a broader participation of women in peacekeeping. With regard to sexual exploitation and abuse, Brazil adheres entirely to the Secretary-General’s zero-tolerance policy, which we envisage as a starting point and as a coherent conceptual framework to tackle this lingering scourge in the context of peacekeeping. Brazil is proud of the overall track record of our peacekeepers in their performance over more than 70 years under the United Nations flag.”
2020-10-29 · UN Security Council · Security Council, S/2020/1084 (2020) · source
“The Secretary-General’s Action for Peacekeeping initiative recognizes the significance of the women and peace and security agenda as one of its constitutive pillars. It remains incumbent on all stakeholders involved in peacekeeping, not least troop-contributing countries, to implement its commitments. One area where progress must be expanded is meeting the targets of the Uniformed Gender Parity Strategy 2018-2028. Brazil’s National Action Plan on Women, Peace and Security commits to increasing the proportion of women military and police officers in peacekeeping from the current levels in order to achieve the Strategy’s targets, in which we are glad to report to have succeeded in several cases this year. The service of two of Brazil’s women peacekeepers also makes their country especially proud.”
2020-10-29 · UN Security Council · Security Council, S/2020/1084 (2020) · source
“The women and peace and security agenda is primarily driven by the mission of maintaining international peace and security. Women peacekeepers and mediators are valuable actors in peacemaking, peacekeeping and peacebuilding. It is a well-established fact that the greater the number of women negotiators, mediators, peacekeepers and police officers, the better the chance that peace deals will be struck and last longer and that peacekeeping missions will be successful. Women Blue Helmets are also able to reach out to more segments of the local population. The element of added diversity is conducive to more efficiency in mandate implementation, and their presence on the ground encourages reporting of cases of sexual violence.”
2020-10-29 · UN Security Council · Security Council, S/2020/1084 (2020) · source
“The present debate is both critical and timely, and for that Brazil thanks and congratulates Ambassador Vassily Nebenzia and the Russian Federation on this initiative. The celebration of the twentieth anniversary of the adoption of resolution 1325 (2000) is a milestone and an achievement of which this body should be proud. As a testament to its ground-breaking nature, suffice it to say that since then, as many as 10 follow-up resolutions have been adopted by the Security Council, the most recent of which was endorsed by the current composition of the Council under the Indonesian presidency, whom we also congratulate. Resolution 2538 (2020), the first resolution devoted exclusively to women peacekeepers, is definitely an important step.”
2020-10-29 · UN Security Council · Security Council, S/2020/1084 (2020) · source
“Diverting the Council’s attention to issues beyond the mandate entrusted to it in the Charter, however critical such issues might be — and they often are — is counterproductive and potentially detrimental to the proper functioning of the multilateral machinery.”
2020-09-17 · UN Security Council · Security Council, S/2020/929 (2020) · source
“It is incumbent on Member States to be watchful of the division of labour among the different bodies of the United Nations system, seeking synergies and complementarities, while retaining their respective mandates and competencies. It can never be underscored enough that the Security Council is mandated to respond to concrete threats to international peace and security requiring immediate attention from the international community. While connections do arise between the Council’s activities and environmental and humanitarian issues, other forums that boast a wider and more representative membership hold the primary mandate to address these issues in a comprehensive manner.”
2020-09-17 · UN Security Council · Security Council, S/2020/929 (2020) · source
“While the Council has an important role in this regard, as is the case with environmental issues, the international community has at its disposal forums and agencies designed to address all aspects of humanitarian issues, such as General Assembly’s Third Committee or the annual humanitarian affairs segment in the Economic and Social Council, which this year included an event on the interconnected challenges facing the Sahel, in which the Niger’s own Minister for Humanitarian Affairs and Disaster Management contributed greatly to the debate. In addition, the International Law Commission is currently studying the topic of the protection of the environment in relation to armed conflicts, an issue whose complexity cannot be overestimated.”
2020-09-17 · UN Security Council · Security Council, S/2020/929 (2020) · source
“In armed conflicts, it is important that all parties abide by their obligations to environmental protection in accordance with international humanitarian law and other applicable legal regimes. In a report dated May this year, the Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs stated that politicization and militarization constitute major threats to humanitarian action in the Sahel. Humanitarian crises associated with armed conflict have, of course, already been discussed in the Security Council, mostly in connection with humanitarian access issues in specific conflict situations.”
2020-09-17 · UN Security Council · Security Council, S/2020/929 (2020) · source
“The United Nations system relies on a roster of forums and agencies tasked with handling environmental issues: the Economic and Social Council, the Second Committee of the General Assembly, the Peacebuilding Commission, the United Nations Environment Programme and the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification rank among them. A similar reflection must be undertaken regarding the strictly humanitarian aspects of the matter at hand. Humanitarian crises require close cooperation among humanitarian, peacebuilding and development actors, and this is especially true in the Sahel. We must also recognize, however, that any blurring of the lines between humanitarian assistance and military operations poses a risk to principled humanitarian action and, indirectly, to humanitarian access and the safety of humanitarian personnel.”
2020-09-17 · UN Security Council · Security Council, S/2020/929 (2020) · source
“Furthermore, peacekeeping operations must take into account their potential impact on the environment, with a view to reducing their environmental footprint on the ground and contributing to the health, safety and security of local communities. In the light of this, we think of efforts to establish guidelines for environmental practices in missions under the aegis of international organizations, based on Brazil’s successful experience in the United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti. Moreover, from Brazil’s perspective, climate change and environmental challenges are phenomena that can have no possible military solution. These are S/2020/929 challenges that must be dealt with primarily through development tools, avoiding the risk of undue securitization.”
2020-09-17 · UN Security Council · Security Council, S/2020/929 (2020) · source
“Resolution 2349 (2017) was a milestone in that respect as it pioneered the recognition that environmental factors might play a role in the deterioration of the security environment specifically in the Lake Chad Basin region. One must be cautious not to jump to hasty conclusions in mistaking correlation for causation when it comes to the links between the environment and the international peace and security agendas. Rather than emphasizing the impact of environmental degradation on peace and security, Brazil considers it all the more important to understand the adverse consequences of armed conflicts on the environment and how it, in turn, affects the population.”
2020-09-17 · UN Security Council · Security Council, S/2020/929 (2020) · source
“The humanitarian consequences of environmental degradation have been especially dire in the Sahel region, where other factors such as poverty, social inequality, weak governance, ethnic divisions, food insecurity, transhumance and violent extremism also play a key role. This confluence of factors has resulted in the record number of 24 million people — half of them children — needing life-saving assistance and protection in the Sahel as of last June, according to the Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs. In the face of this complex and multifaceted reality, the aggravating impact of environmental degradation on conflict and post-conflict situations must be dealt by the Security Council on a case-by-case basis, taking into account national and local specificities.”
2020-09-17 · UN Security Council · Security Council, S/2020/929 (2020) · source
“Prior to considering the international community’s responses to the humanitarian effects of environmental degradation in peace and security, it is also important to highlight the State’s sovereignty over the management of natural resources and its primary responsibility to ensure that activities within their jurisdiction do not cause damage to the environment of other States or areas beyond the limits of national jurisdiction. Brazil is cognizant of the fact that natural phenomena — man-made or otherwise — might be, on a case-by-case basis, a factor in exacerbating security challenges.”
2020-09-17 · UN Security Council · Security Council, S/2020/929 (2020) · source
“Allow me to congratulate you, Sir, on convening a debate on the links between humanitarian effects of environmental degradation and international peace and security, with a special emphasis on the Sahel region. The humanitarian implications of natural phenomena — the elevation of average temperatures, rising sea levels, hurricanes, earthquakes, draughts, desertification and erosion of soils, among others — require close attention and scrutiny by the international community. Member States, with the support of multilateral and regional organizations, are duty-bound to assist vulnerable countries, in particular small island developing States (SIDS) and landlocked countries, to the best of their capacities in order to ease suffering, especially that of the most destitute people.”
2020-09-17 · UN Security Council · Security Council, S/2020/929 (2020) · source
“It is incumbent on Member States to be watchful of the division of labour among the different bodies of the United Nations system, seeking synergies and complementarities, while retaining their respective mandates and competencies. The Security Council is mandated to deal with concrete, immediate threats to international peace and security. Therefore, it should, as a principle, abstain from adopting blanket statements on the proposed topic, opting instead for assessing threats to international peace and security on a case-by-case basis.”
2020-07-24 · UN Security Council · Security Council, S/2020/751 (2020) · source
“We should rather acknowledge that they fall primarily under the development domain and should not be unduly securitized. Rather than investing further in securitizing the climate agenda, developed countries should channel energy and resources into fostering those financial mechanisms that aim to compensate the most vulnerable States for loss and damage due to climate change. In fact, it may be detrimental to international security if the countries listed in UNFCCC annex I do not take the necessary measures to meet their emission-reduction commitments. It is crucial that any thematic discussion on climate and environment issues remain open to the entire membership of the United Nations.”
2020-07-24 · UN Security Council · Security Council, S/2020/751 (2020) · source
“The environmental dimension of sustainable development, on the other hand, can only be effectively addressed in conjunction with its social and economic components. It is therefore crucial to factor in the intrinsically indivisible nature of sustainable development. The purported climate-conflict nexus has yet another harmful side effect for our efforts to build and sustain peace — it encourages the development of a culture of security risk analysis, in which security risks tend to attract more attention than development priorities. From Brazil’s perspective, climate change and environment challenges are phenomena that lack any military context and can have no possible military solution. They are challenges that must be dealt with through development tools.”
2020-07-24 · UN Security Council · Security Council, S/2020/751 (2020) · source
“Experts have pointed out that, while it is a far-fetched proposition to establish an automatic, direct link between climate change and armed conflict, singling out one among several root causes of conflict might bring about simplistic answers to complicated matters, thus endangering the solution to threats to international peace and security in the first place. The Security Council must come to terms with the understanding that each individual conflict has its own specific underlying causes and that no one-size-fits-all formula applies when it comes to preserving peace. In other words, there is no single template for peace. The conditions that may lead a society to the paths of peace or conflict are complex in nature and require an in-depth understanding of the various social, economic and cultural fabrics in their unique specificities.”
2020-07-24 · UN Security Council · Security Council, S/2020/751 (2020) · source
“These terms might reinforce a fundamentally mistaken and even dangerous assumption that climate change inexorably leads to conflict. In fact, the outbreak of conflict often relies upon manifold structural factors, rather than one single indicator alone. Attempting to use military action as a preventive response to climate change is completely counterproductive. There is no precise tool that allows the international community to determine, with certainty, when and how environmental distress will eventually convert into potential security threats, since conflicts are context-specific and stem from a complex and interdependent set of factors.”
2020-07-24 · UN Security Council · Security Council, S/2020/751 (2020) · source
“Climate change is above all an issue to be discussed within the context of sustainable development, as it requires simultaneous political, economic and social approaches, rather than security responses. As we move into the twenty-first century, dealing with issues as demanding and multifaceted as climate change, it is key that we remain watchful of the upsurge of discourses that are reminiscent of the so-called droit d’ingérence — the self- declared right to intervene in the affairs of sovereign States on dubious grounds. The use of controversial language such as “climate-security nexus” and “climate- related security risks”, is potentially misleading and can prove counterproductive to the goal of addressing the adverse effects of climate change.”
2020-07-24 · UN Security Council · Security Council, S/2020/751 (2020) · source
“While remaining sensitive to the impact of climate change on the most vulnerable countries and considering ways through which development issues can be better integrated into peace efforts, Brazil is of the opinion that the international community must also avoid taking steps that could lead to an undesirable securitization of the climate change agenda. We should thus proceed with utmost caution before branding emerging concerns as outright threats to international peace and security. By recognizing that climate change has broad implications and multiple dimensions, Brazil emphasizes that the most significant and accurate relationship is not the alleged link between security and the environment.”
2020-07-24 · UN Security Council · Security Council, S/2020/751 (2020) · source
“The discussion on climate and security proposed for today’s open debate should give us all pause to reflect on the question at hand, but more so on the scope of the mandate, for the maintenance of international peace and security, given to the Security Council by the Charter of the United Nations. Climate change is a complex and non-negligible issue, which is being addressed by the international community and should continue to be considered within the international regime formed by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), the Kyoto Protocol and the Paris Agreement on Climate Change, and regulated by the principle of common but differentiated responsibility and the respective capacities of States.”
2020-07-24 · UN Security Council · Security Council, S/2020/751 (2020) · source
“The manifold links between the inclusion of women in peace and security efforts and the fight against conflict-related sexual violence should not be overlooked, most critically as the world struggles against the COVID-19 pandemic. Brazil stands ready to advance the goals of the women and peace and security agenda as we celebrate the first two decades of resolution 1325 (2000), and to help eliminate the scourge that conflict-related sexual violence inflicts on international peace and security as well as on human dignity.”
2020-07-17 · UN Security Council · Security Council, S/2020/727 (2020) · source
“Brazil is also proud of its two Blue Helmets — Commander Márcia Braga and Commander Carla Araujo — distinguished with the United Nations Military Gender Award, in 2018 and 2019, respectively, for the innovative work they carried out by promoting mixed teams in patrols of the United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in the Central African Republic, which helped reduce sexual violence in that country. Such recognition stands as a testament to the competence these two military officers bring to the job, as well as to Brazil’s commitment to ensuring the broader participation of women in peacekeeping.”
2020-07-17 · UN Security Council · Security Council, S/2020/727 (2020) · source
“As we advocate for greater participation by women in peace and security, we must highlight the importance of meeting the targets of the Uniformed Gender Parity Strategy 2018-2028 — an integral part of the Secretary-General’s Action for Peacekeeping initiative. Brazil’s national action plan on women and peace and security commits to increasing the proportion of female military and police officers in peacekeeping from their current levels — 16.5 per cent of female military observers, 14.6 per cent of staff officers, 4.5 per cent of troops, 11 per cent of formed police units and 26.8 per cent of individual police officers — towards the Strategy’s targets.”
2020-07-17 · UN Security Council · Security Council, S/2020/727 (2020) · source
“Studies have demonstrated that a peace agreement is about 35 per cent more likely to last at least 15 years if women mediators are involved in the negotiation process. Evidence shows that belligerents trust women to be honest brokers in peace processes, hence lending more credibility to political and diplomatic efforts that will eventually hold out longer. Women peacekeepers are in general able to reach out to more segments of the local population than their male counterparts. Their presence on the ground can encourage the reporting of cases of sexual violence and forge stronger ties between a mission and communities. It is therefore noteworthy that, for the first time in history, roughly half of the Secretary-General’s special representatives and envoys are women — a remarkable feat.”
2020-07-17 · UN Security Council · Security Council, S/2020/727 (2020) · source
“Fighting sexual violence is one of the cornerstones of that historic, pioneering resolution. Since its adoption, the Security Council has adopted nine other resolutions on the matter, recognizing that one of the root causes of conflict-related sexual violence is gender inequality, which pick up where resolution 1325 (2000) left off, broadening the agenda of commitments and paving the way for a broad and coherent response by the United Nations system and Member States. The participation of women in every aspect of international peace and security is one way to address the root causes of violence, but women peacekeepers and women mediators are also valuable actors in peacemaking, peacekeeping and sustaining peace.”
2020-07-17 · UN Security Council · Security Council, S/2020/727 (2020) · source
“With regard specifically to sexual violence, exploitation and abuse, the Secretary-General’s zero-tolerance policy, to which Brazil adheres entirely, provides a starting point as well as a coherent conceptual framework to deal with this lingering scourge in the context of peacekeeping. We are proud of the overall track record of our peacekeepers in their performance over more than 70 years under the United Nations flag, especially of their strict observance of conduct and discipline protocols, including adherence to the zero-tolerance policy. The twentieth anniversary of the adoption of resolution 1325 (2000), which we celebrate this year, should give us pause to reflect on the accomplishments made in the two past decades and on the obstacles and shortcomings the women and peace and security agenda as stumbled upon along the way.”
2020-07-17 · UN Security Council · Security Council, S/2020/727 (2020) · source
“With this in mind, Brazil warmly welcomes the adoption of resolution 2532 (2020), calling for a global cessation of hostilities and establishing a humanitarian pause to allow efforts to stop the spread of the disease to take place in conflict- stricken areas. Nevertheless, the international community should not lower its guard when it comes to the fight against sexual exploitation and abuse in conflict and post- conflict situations. Conversely, we need to remain all the more watchful. Blue Helmets in particular have a key role to play in that regard, while trying to keep themselves safe from the spread of the disease and dutifully fulfilling the mandates of peacekeeping operations.”
2020-07-17 · UN Security Council · Security Council, S/2020/727 (2020) · source
“In this regard, Brazil lends it support to the efforts of the Office of the Special Representative on Sexual Violence in Conflict, created in 2009 to raise awareness and coordinate the response across the United Nations system and foster a victim- centred approach to sexual violence. Brazil also welcomes initiatives aimed at advancing standard procedures in the fight against conflict-related sexual violence, such as the recently launched “Murad code”. We must consider that, among its various impacts on international peace and security, the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic creates an ever-more challenging environment for survivors of sexual violence and abuse, providing potential perpetrators with opportunities for their acts to go unpunished while making it more difficult to deter such acts.”
2020-07-17 · UN Security Council · Security Council, S/2020/727 (2020) · source
“First, allow me to congratulate the German presidency of the Security Council for convening this important open debate on conflict-related sexual violence in the context of the broader women and peace and security agenda. The fight against conflict-related sexual violence is one that should unite the international community, with the Security Council fulfilling its role as the principal organ responsible for maintaining international peace and security on behalf of Member States. For it is unacceptable that, in the twenty-first century, conflict be used as a pretext for carrying out despicable acts of sexual exploitation and violence. While the United Nations has set up a working architecture to deal with the fight against conflict-related sexual violence, it is urgent that words and commitments be translated into action on the ground.”
2020-07-17 · UN Security Council · Security Council, S/2020/727 (2020) · source
“In conclusion, protecting and respecting human rights in the realm of peacekeeping operations are two sides of the same coin, to which Brazil remains actively committed.”
2020-07-07 · UN Security Council · Security Council, S/2020/674 (2020) · source
“The role gender advisers play in peacekeeping operations must be highlighted as an important contribution to creating a culture of respect for human rights in host countries and within missions themselves. Brazil is particularly proud that two of its female peacekeepers — Commander Márcia Braga and Commander Carla Araújo — distinguished themselves, receiving the United Nations Military Gender Advocate Award, respectively, in 2018 and 2019, for the work they each carried out in the United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in the Central African Republic. Their work exemplifies some of the best practices Brazil supports in promoting human rights in peacekeeping operations.”
2020-07-07 · UN Security Council · Security Council, S/2020/674 (2020) · source
“Adequate predeployment training ensures that military troops and police officers are better equipped to protect local populations, ensure their own safety and security and implement conduct and discipline protocols on the ground. The Brazilian Peace Operations Joint Training Centre/Sérgio Vieira de Mello Centre and the Navy’s Peacekeeping Centre have provided training not only for Brazilian Blue Helmets but also to peacekeepers coming from a range of international partners, including Argentina, Colombia, Ecuador, Germany, Mexico and Switzerland. We must encourage the essential role of women peacekeepers, which includes, but is not limited to, building trust with local communities. By liaising with local actors, female uniformed personnel can assess how human rights can be enhanced and better implemented on the ground.”
2020-07-07 · UN Security Council · Security Council, S/2020/674 (2020) · source
“In fact, peacekeeping operations should above all make full use of peaceful measures, such as strengthening cooperation within civil-military coordination cells and human rights components in order to establish links with the local population, gather information and understand and respond to the community’s main threats and concerns. Brazil is proud of the track records of its peacekeepers in both protecting and respecting human rights on the ground. Rigorous human rights screening, selection and preparation help ensure that Brazilian peacekeepers meet the highest standards in human rights. My country is committed to is predeployment training, another key element of the Action for Peacekeeping initiative.”
2020-07-07 · UN Security Council · Security Council, S/2020/674 (2020) · source
“In our view, Action for Peacekeeping should be strengthened and emboldened with active engagement by Member States, as the most recent substantive session of the Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations showed to be possible. When it comes to advancing human rights, the use of force must never be used except as a last resort. Overusing force under the pretext of protecting human rights can compromise the credibility and legitimacy of peacekeeping missions and damage the fundamental principles of peacekeeping.”
2020-07-07 · UN Security Council · Security Council, S/2020/674 (2020) · source
“Adequately preventing and responding to sexual exploitation and abuse is also a core strategy for promoting and respecting human rights in the context of peacekeeping. In this respect, I would like to highlight that Brazil is a staunch supporter of the Secretary-General’s zero-tolerance policy against sexual exploitation and abuse. We have also developed extensive predeployment training and deployment protocols on this matter, which is a priority for the Brazilian military. These elements intertwining peacekeeping and human rights are an integral part of the Secretary-General’s Action for Peacekeeping initiative, which provides a useful conceptual and operational framework for dealing with this complex and multifaceted relationship.”
2020-07-07 · UN Security Council · Security Council, S/2020/674 (2020) · source
“In that regard, Brazil encourages the United Nations to develop evaluation mechanisms in a transparent manner to ensure that peacekeeping leadership and police and military units fully comply with human rights, both in their predeployment training and during in-mission activities. Troops serving under the United Nations flag must be assigned clear tasks and standards on human rights and be cognizant of the full range of their responsibilities in executing their duties, whether they are patrolling conflict zones or engaging directly with local communities. In doing so, they should strictly follow conduct and discipline protocols that respect the human rights of the local population.”
2020-07-07 · UN Security Council · Security Council, S/2020/674 (2020) · source
“Peacekeeping missions that have in-built protection of civilians mandates are especially focused on advancing a people-centred approach integral to human rights and help prevent serious human rights violations and abuses. Peacekeepers can also play an instrumental role in supporting States to fulfil their protection responsibilities, thus contributing to advancing the human rights of local populations. There is yet another side to that multifaceted relationship between peacekeeping and human rights: peacekeepers must not only prevent human rights abuses from taking place but must also refrain from committing human rights violations themselves. Blue Helmets must abide by the highest standard of conduct, which includes respect for human rights, and should be held accountable if they fail to do so.”
2020-07-07 · UN Security Council · Security Council, S/2020/674 (2020) · source
“By preventing armed conflict and civil strife from reigniting and by keeping belligerent parties apart, peacekeeping operations play a critical role in saving lives, deterring gross human rights abuses and keeping violators and criminals in check. As peacekeeping has evolved over the decades, the United Nations has become increasingly aware of the importance of including humanitarian, development and human rights concerns in the mandates of its peacekeeping operations. In doing so, peacekeeping operations are a means of addressing the root causes of a conflict, avoiding disputes from resuming and facilitating the transition from conflict situations to post-conflict peacebuilding.”
2020-07-07 · UN Security Council · Security Council, S/2020/674 (2020) · source
“Let me first congratulate the German presidency on placing this important debate on the critical link between peacekeeping and human rights front and centre on the Security Council’s agenda. Peacekeeping is likely the most visible face of the United Nations, presenting every single mission deployed with a set of particular responsibilities related to promoting and protecting human rights. Peacekeeping operations are a useful instrument at the service of the international community to prevent human rights violations in conflict and post-conflict situations and to provide humanitarian support to local populations.”
2020-07-07 · UN Security Council · Security Council, S/2020/674 (2020) · source