Ryan Turnbull
Whitby, Ontario · Liberal · Canada
“Mr. Speaker, before I get started, I will just let you know that I will be sharing my time with the member for Beauport—Limoilou . I am pleased to rise today to debate Bill C-30 , which is an act to implement certain provisions of the spring economic update tabled in Parliament on April 28.”
“This would provide a savings of 10¢ per litre on gasoline and four cents per litre on diesel from April 20, 2026, through to Labour Day. The bill would also extend the suspension of the excise tax to aviation fuel over the same period to help mitigate the very high costs of jet fuel.”
“Mr. Speaker, it is good to be here in the very last moments before the House rises for the summer. I know that there are a large number of farms in the member opposite's riding. There are farm succession plans all across this country, and farmers do struggle with succession, so I understand the issue the member is speaking about.”
“Mr. Speaker, I would just say that it has become apparent in the House, through question period and many of the proceedings, that the Conservatives claim that they are about protecting and supporting vulnerable people, but in fact, they just seem to use those people's hardship for political gain.”
“It includes suspending the excise tax on fuel and extending that to aviation fuel. It includes a cap on the excise tax for alcohol, wine, spirits and beer. Craft brewers have been asking for this. Obviously, it would be capped at 2% of the escalator on the excise tax on alcohol.”
“It is a measure I have supported from day one because it offers owners of businesses that are small- to medium-sized, or they could be larger, the opportunity, when they want to sell the business, to protect those businesses and also to hand them down to workers.”
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“We need to reimagine our trading relationships and supply chains, protect and transform our strategic industries, invest in major projects to build a stronger economy and show that we believe in ourselves. I think having confidence in ourselves is key. To do this, we need to re-evaluate, but also make significant adjustments. That is why we are changing how government works and spending less on government operations. It is so we can invest more in Canada's future, creating high-paying careers, building our country and, of course, growing our economy. As part of that process, we recognize the government itself can become more productive.”
“Our economy is weak, and we're operating well below Canada's potential growth rate.” He also said recently, “We need to deploy significant resources to strengthen Canada's political and economic sovereignty.... We need investment to diversify and boost growth. We need to increase our defence capabilities.” Those are exactly the statements I would point out to say that our government is stewarding the nation's resources responsibly. In order to get through the difficult times we are in, we need to invest in our country. Confident countries invest in themselves. This is a profound time of change, and it is a time to build. It is not a time to backtrack and cower at the challenges ahead; it is a time to invest.”
“Mr. Speaker, I congratulate the hon. member on watching his children grow. I too have children, both born and unborn. My wife is about to give birth in January to the latest addition to our family, a girl who I am very proud to say will be my third girl. I am very proud to work in the House on behalf of my family and to see the nation's resources stewarded for future generations. I realize the member opposite probably takes a different view than I do, but let us just review for a second what the former parliamentary budget officer, in fact the first one, Kevin Page, said recently: “In the current economic environment, I'm comfortable with budgetary deficits in the 2.5 per cent range of GDP.”
“Mr. Speaker, Canadians across this country empowered us in the last election and now we are empowering them in budget 2025, a budget that will make generational investments to create the strongest economy in the G7. That is exactly what we are doing. We are building major infrastructure, homes and industries. We are protecting our communities, borders and way of life, and we are empowering Canadians with better careers, strong public services and a more affordable life. We know a strong country can be even stronger, but it takes vision and leadership. It is too bad the Conservatives have neither.”
“Mr. Speaker, an affordable budget for an affordable life is exactly what we will deliver tomorrow on budget day. Conservatives have referenced the need to address productivity and GDP per capita for years. Well, there is good news: The head of the IMF has said that diversifying trade and investing in infrastructure, housing and defence will, in fact, boost productivity. The Bank of Canada's governor has said that this is the only way to make life more affordable. Conservatives do not seem to want to make life more affordable now. Will they vote to support our budget or vote for a Christmas election?”
“Mr. Speaker, the new government will deliver its first budget tomorrow, focused on making generational investments to unlock jobs and opportunities, boost productivity and growth, build housing infrastructure and defence, attract $500 billion in new private investment, double trade with non-U.S. countries and move from reliance to resilience. We are making responsible investments while reducing operational spending. This is how we build the strongest economy in the G7. Tomorrow's budget will empower Canadians because this is their country and we decide what comes next.”
“Madam Speaker, the only thing more frightening this Halloween than the Conservatives' disinformation in the House is a Christmas election, which nobody wants. The Conservatives are proposing to force an election on Canadians at a time when they expect Parliament to stand together. Our budget on November 4 is going to present a strong path to building a stronger Canada, to unlocking opportunities for all Canadians and to boosting productivity and growth in the country. The Conservatives will vote against it. They have already said it. They have not even seen the budget and they are going to vote against it. They are going to force a Christmas election upon Canadians. There is nothing more spooky than that.”
“Madam Speaker, Canadians know that our economy faces significant headwinds due to trade tensions with the United States. That is exactly why they voted for this government and a Prime Minister with the economic résumé to get us through turbulent times and build a stronger economy. Next week, on November 4, we will present our first budget as a new government, which will focus on jobs and opportunities, will focus on growth and productivity and will make generational investments to unlock new opportunities for youth and all Canadians. The only question is whether the Conservatives will give—”
“Madam Speaker, it is disheartening to know that Conservatives do not even read the reports they quote in this House. It is obvious because the very report they are quoting, from Food Banks Canada, asks our government to move forward with income assistance for people living with a disability. They ask for a dental care plan. They acknowledge the work of addressing the housing supply issues in this country. They also mention a national school food program, which that party has voted against time and time again in this House. When it comes time to take 400,000 kids out of food bank line-ups, what does the opposition say? It says no.”
“Madam Speaker, I see the Conservative misinformation spin cycle continues and continues, but it never produces a grain of truth. If the Conservatives want the truth, we will tell them the truth. The true story is that the Conservatives never stand up in this House when it comes time to support youth. They actively undermined their futures by voting against student loan support and by voting against grants for students. They voted against the national housing strategy many times in this House. They voted against the tax-free savings accounts for youth to help them realize the dream of home ownership. They voted against the national school food program. They—”
“Mr. Speaker, the lowest net debt-to-GDP ratio in the G7, a AAA credit rating, an inflation rate within the Bank of Canada's target range and job numbers that exceeded expectations by 83% last month are Canada's economic fundamentals. The Citibank CEO, just last week, said, “Canada, relative to other G7 countries, has debt dynamics and fiscal space that, if used wisely, could unlock a lot of opportunities” in this country. That is exactly what we are focused on in budget 2025: unlocking opportunities for all Canadians.”
“Mr. Speaker, inflation in Canada has been within the Bank of Canada's target range for over 21 months in a row. The Bank of Canada also cut rates again today, by 25 basis points. That is more savings, lower mortgages and real relief for Canadians. While Conservatives seem to root for a recession in Canada, we are making the investments needed for our economy to grow and prosper. Conservatives can shout slogans all they want, but we will continue to implement solutions. They divide; we will deliver. That is progress. That is what Canadians deserve.”
“Mr. Speaker, we empathize with struggling families, but unlike Conservatives, our government is stepping up to help them with affordability. We cut taxes for 22 million Canadians, reduced GST on new home purchases, significantly reduced child care fees, cut the costs of basic dental coverage and funded healthy food in schools. Common sense says that when families save money on their taxes, child care and the like, they have more to spend on groceries. Common sense does not seem to be so common in the Conservative Party today, because Conservatives have opposed all of these cost-saving measures. Canadians want to know this: Where are the common-sense Conservatives?”
“Mr. Speaker, today I rise to spotlight two exceptional educators in my riding who are receiving the Prime Minister's Award for Teaching Excellence. These awards celebrate the finest in Canadian teaching, and both recipients represent the very best of Whitby. They are laying the foundation for a stronger Canada one student, one classroom and one lesson at a time. I congratulate Melissa Runhart, recipient of the national certificate of excellence, and Penny Senior, recipient of the regional certificate of achievement in science, technology, engineering and mathematics. I am thankful to Melissa and Penny for all they do. We are proud to honour them today. Their influence extends far beyond the classroom. I ask colleagues to join me in recognizing these two exceptional teachers.”
“Mr. Speaker, while our government invests in feeding 400,000 more kids healthy food in schools, the Conservatives call that “garbage”. While our government works to expedite major infrastructure projects, creating tens of thousands of jobs, the Conservative leader calls them “pathetic”. While our government gives law enforcement the tools it needs to keep our communities safe, the Conservative leader calls the RCMP “despicable”. The pattern is clear: The Conservatives will disparage people, projects and programs that help Canadians, while we continue to deliver for them.”
“Mr. Speaker, years ago, Food Secure Canada did an analysis of all the issues in the food system. Do members know what issue was the most popular among Canadians? It was feeding kids. It is instinctual for any parent, but the desire to feed kids extends almost universally to all Canadians, except when it comes to the Conservatives. They have taken the most unpopular position. They actually oppose a national school food program. Their usual excuse is to claim that there is no food in the food program, but last week they actually had the gall to call the food program “garbage”. Who does that? Who says that?”
“Mr. Speaker, we have heard the recent news that some of our auto manufacturers have announced reductions in their production levels at Canadian facilities, and the government is extremely concerned and disappointed in those announcements. The Government of Canada is committed to maintaining a strong Canadian automotive industry, its footprint here in Canada, with the well-paying jobs that come with it. The government expects these companies to respect their commitments toward Canada and their workers. We have adjusted the remissions framework to correspond with the reduction in those production levels. That is how we will protect our Canadian footprint for the automotive industry.”
“Mr. Speaker, we are making generational investments that create well-paying jobs and grow our economy. Yesterday, I was honoured to join the Prime Minister and the Premier of Ontario to announce support for OPG's Darlington new nuclear project, located in my home of Durham Region. This important project will build four SMRs that will power 1.2 million households with clean energy, create 18,000 construction jobs and 3,700 careers, and add $38.5 billion to Canada's GDP over 65 years. That is how we build Canada strong.”
“Mr. Speaker, the reason the imaginary taxes the Conservatives are trying to invent do not appear on people's grocery receipts is that they are not real. Let me officially welcome the Conservative Party to reality. While the Conservatives try to invent imaginary taxes, we are busy cutting taxes and helping to make it easier for Canadians to file their taxes. We have cut income tax for 22 million Canadians, cut GST on new home purchases, repealed the consumer carbon tax and moved forward with automatic tax filing so that Canadians can get the benefits they deserve.”
“Mr. Speaker, this is exactly what our government is doing by bringing prosperity to Canada, by making generational investments and by decreasing spending. Our economy is growing. We are creating tens of thousands of jobs. The Leader of the Opposition calls major nation-building projects that create tens of thousands of jobs “pathetic”. On top of it, the Conservative members call a national school food program “garbage”. It is feeding kids across this country, giving them the best start. How can the Conservatives possibly claim to care about the next generation?”
“Mr. Speaker, it is appalling that the member opposite is talking about sacrifices. Does the member know who makes sacrifices every day in this country? Our national police force does. My father spent 30 years serving on the Peel Regional Police force. Recently we heard the Conservative leader call our national police force “despicable”. He called the men and women who serve our communities and keep them safe “despicable”, and he still does not have the good sense to stand up and apologize for such an appalling statement.”
“Mr. Speaker, opportunities for young people are exactly what the government is creating. Just yesterday in the member's riding, we announced a major project that is moving forward with two billion dollars' worth of investment that will create 18,000 jobs across Durham region, 3,700 of them full-time jobs, and provide clean power to 1.2 million Canadians. Can the member opposite for Bowmanville—Oshawa North not stand up and actually support those opportunities for once?”
“Mr. Speaker, Canadians know that this government was elected with a strong mandate to build the strongest economy in the G7. I know that we are on the right track. Do members know how I know? I know because the experts say so. I know that the opposition members may not agree, but who said that Canada is fiscally sustainable? It was former parliamentary budget officer Kevin Page. Who said that Canada is attracting the attention of global investors around the world? It was the CEO of our largest pension plan. Who said that diversifying trade and investing in infrastructure will boost productivity? It was the Bank of Canada governor.”
“Mr. Speaker, apparently, common sense does not survive the Conservative caucus any longer. It seems like common sense is not so common over there. Common sense would suggest that, when a country is in a trade war, a responsible government would support its workforce in industries, which is exactly what this government has been doing. We launched a $5-billion strategic response fund, a rescaling and retraining program for up to 50,000 workers. There is $10 billion in liquidity support, a remissions framework and a buy Canadian policy. We are doing the heavy lifting to ensure that our industries survive—”
“Mr. Speaker, the government is standing up for auto workers in all tariff-impacted industries in Canada. We put out a package of supports to support industries, offered a remission framework and much more. Today I want to highlight some good news for all Canadians regarding affordability. We have made the national school food program permanent. That will feed 400,000 more kids in perpetuity. We are also offering automated tax filings for Canadians so that millions of Canadians can get access to supports like the Canada child benefit. That is going to help families across the country.”
“Mr. Speaker, in addition to the 60,000 net new jobs added to the Canadian economy, we have now announced more affordability measures for Canadians that will put money in their pockets. A national school food program, made permanent in perpetuity, will benefit Canadians to the tune of $800 per year. It is helping put food in the hungry bellies of kids all across Canada. I cannot understand how the Conservative Party can try to lecture us about food bank lineups and then stand up and vote over and over in the House against feeding hungry children.”
“Mr. Speaker, I am happy to clarify for the member opposite. There is a package of three affordability measures. One is automatic tax filing, which will help millions of Canadians, including seniors, to access benefits to which they are entitled. This is thousands of dollars for many Canadians and includes the Canada child benefit, the GST rebate, the disability benefit and the many other benefits that Canadians will be able to take advantage of because of this government's actions. Automatic tax filing will make it easier for Canadians all across the country to access—”
“Mr. Speaker, I have good news for Susie and the member's riding and good news for all Canadians. This morning, our Prime Minister announced a package of more affordability measures, including making permanent the national school food program, which is great news for all Canadians. This program will feed 400,000 more kids per year. I know the member opposite has voted against this program in the past, but I cannot understand how she can stand up here and try to lecture the Liberal Party on standing up for Canadians on affordability.”
“Mr. Speaker, it seems the Conservatives have an allergy to the facts. It is a fact that Canada created 60,000 new jobs last month. It is a fact that Canada has experienced real wage growth year over year of 3.3%. Those are good stats. These are the economic fundamentals that will allow budget 2025 to make a generational investment in our economy. I would offer the Conservatives a Benadryl, but maybe they could just accept the truth for once.”
“Mr. Speaker, it is an unhealthy obsession that the opposition members have with our former prime minister. They were really tethered to our former prime minister and bashed him at every moment. It seems like they developed a kind of dependence on that. Now that we have a new Prime Minister , who has a far superior understanding of economics and investment, they do not seem to know what to do any more but misinform people, which they do daily in the House. It seems they do not have an understanding of economics.”
“Mr. Speaker, I have been making the argument that Canada is in a strong fiscal position. I know members opposite do not quite seem to understand the fact that we do have fiscal room to continue investing in the Canadian economy. If we do not do that, the economy will shrink. We need the economy to continue to grow. We need to build a strong economy. We need to diversify our trade. The current Governor of the Bank of Canada came out about a week and a half ago saying that it is exactly the right strategy. What the Liberal government is doing, which is to diversify trade and invest in the infrastructure that we need in order to get our goods to other markets, is exactly how to increase productivity and wages in Canada. It is exactly the way to make life more affordable for Canadians.”
“Canada has the lowest net debt-to-GDP ratio in the G7, and Canada has an AAA credit rating, one of only two countries in the G7.”
“Mr. Speaker, it is one of the best opportunities I have ever had in the House to talk about the Darlington nuclear project, the SMR project, which is going to create 1,600 jobs in my region of Durham. I am very proud of that project being listed as a major project, and it is moving forward quickly. That is how we build the economy in Canada. That is how we create more jobs. I am very proud of that project making the major projects list and being expedited through the approval process. Members opposite do not understand Bill C-5 . I suggest they go back and read it. If I am not mistaken, I think they voted in favour of it. It is surprising that they never read the bill, but that does not surprise me much. Let us get back to the facts. Canada has the lowest tariff rate of any U.S. trade partner.”
“We will spend less to invest more. I know that is hard for Conservatives to understand, but spending less on government operations allows us fiscal room to invest more and to attract private capital, playing the catalytic role in our economy that the Prime Minister has talked about over and over again. That is how to produce and create a virtuous cycle between investment and growth in the economy, which will increase tax revenues in the future and allow us to sustain many of the social programs and gains we have made under previous Liberal governments that we will need in order to have the fiscal room to continue to support. This is why we have initiated a comprehensive expenditure review to ensure that we get the most out of every Canadian dollar.”
“Canada's fiscal position also stands out among a broader set of 30 advanced economies, posting deficit and net debt-to-GDP ratios among the lowest in the group. This marks a sharp contrast with Canada's fiscal situation in the 1980s and early 1990s, when sustained deficits led to a rapid rise in the net debt burden and an erosion of Canada's fiscal advantage relative to its peers. Canada is also one of only two G7 economies, along with Germany, to have a AAA rating from at least two of the three major global credit rating agencies. Our AAA credit rating helps maintain investors' confidence and keeps Canada's borrowing costs as low as possible. Canada has a lower interest rate on debt than the United States has, which I would say is noteworthy. Budget 2025 will highlight how all our actions are guided by a new fiscal discipline.”
“The new fall budget will be followed by a spring economic fiscal update as the new fiscal year begins, as well as pre-budget consultations over the course of the summer, allowing for ample time to build a budget that fully reflects the current needs of Canadians. Before I conclude, I would like to take a minute to highlight Canada's fiscal advantage and how we stack up against G7 countries. In 2024, Canada's net debt-to-GDP ratio stood at just 11.9%, compared to the G7 average, excluding Canada, at 100.4%. That is 11% compared to 100%. In fact, Canada's net debt burden remains lower today than that of any G7 country prior to the pandemic. Canada is also expected to have had the smallest deficit in the G7 as a share of the economy this year.”
“The fall timing, which is before the main estimates, will facilitate the oversight and study of public expenditure for parliamentarians, inherently making the process more transparent. It will also support effective financial planning for federal departments and agencies and for provinces and territories, as well as for Canadian businesses, allowing for more informed decision-making on where public funds will have the most impact. The updated budget cycle will also closely align with the construction season and provide increased certainty and predictability for businesses and investors, giving builders and investors a real head start.”
“Our government is moving with urgency and determination to build the strongest economy in the G7, but that urgency demands new ways of budget planning. That is exactly what we are doing. The finance minister outlined recently a new way of budgeting, the cornerstone of which is a new capital budgeting framework that distinguishes and prioritizes spending that stimulates public sector and private sector capital investment versus day-to-day operational spending. This will mean more transparency in decision-making and more opportunity for stringency and scrutiny of taxpayer dollars allocated to investments that will grow Canada's economic potential. This follows many G7 countries. Going forward, the government will also adopt a fall budget cycle starting with budget 2025.”
“The newly launched Major Projects Office will fast-track nation-building projects by streamlining regulatory assessment and approvals and will help to structure financing, all in close partnership with provinces, territories, indigenous peoples and private sector partners and investors. This in turn will create good-paying jobs for thousands of Canadians across this country. I remember when the Prime Minister first announced the launch of five major projects. What struck me that day was what the Conservative leader said. He called those five major projects “pathetic”. He called tens of thousands of good-paying jobs for Canadians pathetic. He called 60 billion dollars' worth of economic activity in our economy pathetic. Members do not want to know what I think is pathetic.”
“I visited a group at York University that is 3-D printing three-storey homes, which was just incredible to see. Canada's innovation will lead the way. Build Canada Homes is part of our stepping up to support that industry. This critical tool will leverage public lands. It will offer flexible financial incentives to attract private capital, facilitate large portfolio projects and support modern manufacturers to build the homes that Canadians need. (1645) It is not only the Canadian housing industry that we are transforming; we are also streamlining the federal approval process to get major projects built faster. For too long, the construction of major projects has been stalled by arduous and inefficient approval processes, leaving enormous investment on the table.”
“I hope that they will vote it through the House when it comes back from committee, hopefully soon. The other piece of Bill C-4 is to essentially remove from federal law the consumer fuel charge, which would essentially allow us to focus carbon pricing on large emitters. Additionally, we continue to work diligently to address the housing crisis by focusing on driving down costs and making housing more affordable and accessible for Canadians. To this end, we recently launched Build Canada Homes, a new federal entity that will transform public-private collaboration and deploy modern methods of construction as it catalyzes the creation of entirely new Canadian housing industries from prefab to modular, to mass timber and to any other innovative method.”
“These measures complement a whole package of other measures that were Liberal initiatives in the past Parliament, all of which were voted against by the Conservative Party, including dental care; child care; the Canada child benefit, which is indexed to inflation, by the way; the national school food program and many more. There have also been other supports that our government has put in place under previous leadership in the past Parliament that reduced mortgage insurance, moved to 30-year mortgages and, again, offered tax-free savings accounts for first-time homebuyers. These measures, taken in context, complement a whole series of affordability measures that our government has put in place. What is new is that the Conservatives actually supported Bill C-4 and voted to get it through to committee.”
“It is not so common in the Conservative Party today, but common sense was provided at that moment, when Conservative members actually supported our tax cut bill, which is good news for all Canadians. I am a proud member of the finance committee. We are studying Bill C-4 right now, and we look forward to the bill's getting speedy passage back to the House and receiving royal assent. From a middle-class tax cut that is saving money for 22 million Canadians to eliminating the GST for first-time buyers on new homes up to $1 million and reducing the GST for first-time homebuyers on new homes between $1 million and $1.5 million, the legislation will put more money in Canadians' pockets. Canadians need that right now of course.”
“I would like to take a moment to highlight some of the important ways we are making life more affordable here at home, while ensuring that we are working to build an economy that will benefit Canadians for decades to come. As we all know, the global economy is undergoing a seismic shift, and there is no doubt that Canada must change with it. Canadians all across the country recognize this, which is why this past April they provided our government with a clear mandate to build a resilient and modern Canadian economy, the strongest in the G7. Bill C-4 was one of the first bills introduced in the House, very soon after the House resumed. It was introduced by the Minister of Finance and National Revenue in the spring. Bill C-4 received unanimous consent from the House. I recently said in the House that common sense seems to be lacking.”
“Mr. Speaker, it gives me great pleasure to follow what was a very good and entertaining, but obviously factual, speech from the member for Kingston and the Islands. It is great to be here to debate this afternoon. I understand that the members opposite are very eager to see our plan for growing the Canadian economy, so let me reassure them. On November 4, the government will table a historic budget that will both catalyze growth and outline our ambitious plan to refocus day-to-day spending and invest in the Canadian economy. Budget 2025 will build on our ongoing work that is focused on building a stronger economy and delivering for all Canadians.”
“Mr. Speaker, today, I rise to celebrate one of Whitby's finest, Olivia Smith, a remarkable athlete who at just 20 years old made history. This past July, she broke another glass ceiling in women's sports, signing with the Arsenal Football Club. She earned a world-record fee of one million British pounds, becoming the most expensive signing in women's football history. Her journey began at age five at the Whitby Iroquois Soccer Club, and she is now blazing a trail in the U.K.'s top league. With nine goals scored this past season, she has already earned the women's young player of the year award from the Professional Footballers' Association. What a feat. As a soon-to-be dad of three girls, I know that little girls and fans all across Canada, including in Whitby, are inspired by Olivia's every move. We are all cheering for Olivia.”
“Mr. Speaker, in the famous words of Helen Keller, pathetic is the man “who has sight, but no vision”. I would suggest to Canadians that the Conservative Party has no vision for the future of Canada's economy. This party got elected on a mandate to build Canada strong and protect Canadian jobs, and that is exactly what we are doing.”
“Mr. Speaker, it is slightly ironic that the Conservatives are lecturing us about protecting jobs. While the opposition leader fought all summer to protect his job, we were standing up to protect Canadian jobs. We have offered workforce re-skilling for 50,000 workers. A strategic response fund of $5 billion will provide flexible financing to help firms adapt to tariffs. We have launched and moved forward on a buy Canadian policy, liquidity relief, a regional tariff response initiative and a remissions framework. All of these things demonstrate to Canadians who is going to stand up for their—”
“Good on the member opposite for supporting a Ukrainian family who was displaced as a result of the war, but do not lecture me on who stands up for Ukraine, because we have stood steadfast behind Ukraine from day one, and will continue to do so.”
“Mr. Speaker, I do not consider it hollow rhetoric when I watched, in the last Parliament, the Conservative Party take a turn where this House stood together on supporting Ukraine over and over and over again for months, and then all of a sudden, shortly after the new Leader of the Opposition took power, there was a change in tone. We watched the Conservative Party members stand and vote against the Canada-Ukraine free trade agreement. We watched them vote against more support for Operation Unifier. I watched them at least four or five times that I can remember, and I have to say I was embarrassed to see this.”