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Andrew Moore

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2018-08-18
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2018-08-18
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  1. I do think that this kind of Yeah, maybe a private drone will do that for you, like sitting behind your head. Oh, move along. It starts, it'll buzz you if you're on your computer too much. I think they should electrify phones and they just start to like, ow, you cannot pick it up. I have all kinds of ideas about how to do that.

    2018-08-18 · Decoder with Nilay Patel · Recode Decode: Andrew Moore, dean of Carnegie Mellon's School of Computer Science · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  2. and at the end of every year had asked me Andrew was today a good year. And we actually started to use data. And activities to help understand some of these sort of meaningful aspects of our lives, are you actually spending enough time with your kids? Doing your socializing in such a way that you seem to actually be getting value from it. So I know it's crazy, but I do think that this kind of observing of us is going to help.

    2018-08-18 · Decoder with Nilay Patel · Recode Decode: Andrew Moore, dean of Carnegie Mellon's School of Computer Science · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  3. So humans still have a chance for a short time. Very last question What's the craziest thing you'd like to work if you could pick up any tech topic besides the ones that are sort of real? What would you like to see?

    2018-08-18 · Decoder with Nilay Patel · Recode Decode: Andrew Moore, dean of Carnegie Mellon's School of Computer Science · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  4. All working together. Yes, again, I'm not in the thick of this, and of course, I don't know what's going on in the proprietary world, but I imagine... Based on what I've seen, that these questions as to what to do about a human who's on a curb Potentially looking like they might lose their balance and really making a decision about that. That's not something you're going to solve in two months. It's probably part of a Three year sub project, and then you look at the other cases like that

    2018-08-18 · Decoder with Nilay Patel · Recode Decode: Andrew Moore, dean of Carnegie Mellon's School of Computer Science · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  5. In other words, what fraction of the time does the human need to take over control? And if we were shooting for the early twenty twenties for us to be at the point where you could launch. Autonomous driving, you'd need to see every year at the moment more than a sixty percent reduction. Every year to get us down to 99.9999999999999999999999% safety. I don't believe that things are progressing anywhere near that fast. Right. It's an engineering task where chipping away 20% this year, 4% next year. And so there's a whole set of problems

    2018-08-18 · Decoder with Nilay Patel · Recode Decode: Andrew Moore, dean of Carnegie Mellon's School of Computer Science · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  6. This is me speaking for myself. So, my personal understanding is Every year now in the major self driving experiments the metric of success to track is what fraction of the time do you need a safety driver?

    2018-08-18 · Decoder with Nilay Patel · Recode Decode: Andrew Moore, dean of Carnegie Mellon's School of Computer Science · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  7. Or we're toasters, one or the other. They don't care. They don't care. You know, oddly, I had did an interview with Elon Musk many years ago. I thought he was quite intelligent because they're going to think of us like house cats. Like, why do they want to kill us? It's kind of useless to want to kill us. It was really, I was like, oh, yeah, you're right. We're so obsessed with ourselves.

    2018-08-18 · Decoder with Nilay Patel · Recode Decode: Andrew Moore, dean of Carnegie Mellon's School of Computer Science · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  8. How can you support that? And that goes from everyone doing stock trading to helping decide if a medical claim is legitimate through to people. One of our professors, for instance, is instrument in classrooms so that teachers can notice if they've accidentally got some unconscious bias, which means that they're not attending to certain kinds of students and so forth. So that's great. That is human assistance.

    2018-08-18 · Decoder with Nilay Patel · Recode Decode: Andrew Moore, dean of Carnegie Mellon's School of Computer Science · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  9. And that really is with the original dream of artificial intelligence at the Dartmouth Conference is things which can Observe, think about what they observed and then act And so making that action decision is really important. And it goes in two ways. One of them is a little bit like what we were talking about with Google in the early days of this A human has to make a decision and there's much too much information around for them to actually really be able to just look at all the source of information themselves.

    2018-08-18 · Decoder with Nilay Patel · Recode Decode: Andrew Moore, dean of Carnegie Mellon's School of Computer Science · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  10. We used to be cool. Yeah, if you look at the media, it's like machine learning this and intelligent agents that. Whereas now us AI people are going back with our hats in the hands to the electrical computer engineering. This happens at Carnegie Mellon. It's folks in ECE primarily who are helping us solve this sense of power. So that's one end. There's another end above machine learning. If you've got something which can...

    2018-08-18 · Decoder with Nilay Patel · Recode Decode: Andrew Moore, dean of Carnegie Mellon's School of Computer Science · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  11. If we can deal with these things. So a very interesting aspect of that is, in my opinion, electrical and computer engineering departments, which to some extent have had to watch computer science getting all the glory. They are totally coming back as the most important with each other.

    2018-08-18 · Decoder with Nilay Patel · Recode Decode: Andrew Moore, dean of Carnegie Mellon's School of Computer Science · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  12. Keep your power sensing thing. And sensing everywhere, going out to space, going out inside of people. I mean, I remember that movie where they've traveled inside a human being. I'm like, they're going to have sensors all over human beings at some point.

    2018-08-18 · Decoder with Nilay Patel · Recode Decode: Andrew Moore, dean of Carnegie Mellon's School of Computer Science · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  13. is processing high definition video you can't have it sitting next to a big GPU of the kind that they're now putting in cars because that would be all the weight for a mobile platform and so forth so for me AI A lot of the stuff that we mathematicians like me are doing in the middle of it will be stalled without that huge growth of work in the power sensing page.

    2018-08-18 · Decoder with Nilay Patel · Recode Decode: Andrew Moore, dean of Carnegie Mellon's School of Computer Science · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  14. Yes, and I do think we're moving in that direction that actually totally makes, you're totally making this point. The idea of just trying to really focus on machine learning without being able to get hold of the data killer. One really important part of that turns out to be And actually having it so that a sensor is

    2018-08-18 · Decoder with Nilay Patel · Recode Decode: Andrew Moore, dean of Carnegie Mellon's School of Computer Science · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  15. You know, it's going to be amazing when they figure out. I was talking to someone, one of these future, I like to talk to futurists, and they were like, at some point, and I think it's actually being created, you know, say there's a nuclear spill, or the chemical spill or something like that, that they would have sensors that were... Possible at this point, but that's the idea. It's like they're so Sand is the way I looked at it. They're so pervasive. They're almost like in the air without knowing they're there.

    2018-08-18 · Decoder with Nilay Patel · Recode Decode: Andrew Moore, dean of Carnegie Mellon's School of Computer Science · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  16. Exactly. So if you're using robots to fight a fire, they absolutely need to understand what's really good on a building. And so Creating devices and robots which can actually understand what's happening right now.

    2018-08-18 · Decoder with Nilay Patel · Recode Decode: Andrew Moore, dean of Carnegie Mellon's School of Computer Science · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  17. Go ahead. Just marketing. I don't mind. Yeah. So here's the important thing. That machine learning component fits in a slot of all the technologies you need to build an AI system. So one of the things we've really been pushing on both in our development of education and in our recruiting of faculty are the other slots adjacent to machine learning. The important one, which I usually would draw before machine learning because machine learning depends on it, is all the sense work, sensing work. Necessary to be able to understand the world

    2018-08-18 · Decoder with Nilay Patel · Recode Decode: Andrew Moore, dean of Carnegie Mellon's School of Computer Science · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  18. So, a huge change, of course, we've all seen in the last ten years has been machine learning and the real push on these convolutional neural networks, which turn out to be able to solve problems that we hadn't been able to solve using more statistical.

    2018-08-18 · Decoder with Nilay Patel · Recode Decode: Andrew Moore, dean of Carnegie Mellon's School of Computer Science · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  19. They need that. So there are many creative things that can be done to reduce the cost of these kinds of pieces of education. Georgia Tech's mostly online system is an example of that. I think That's a place where academia has to go now is to actually value engineer its expensive master's programs creatively so that people can afford domestically to take them.

    2018-08-18 · Decoder with Nilay Patel · Recode Decode: Andrew Moore, dean of Carnegie Mellon's School of Computer Science · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  20. Yes, and I think, again, in the top schools, the value that those students get, it's paid off in a few years of working in their industry, whether they stay in the United States or go home. So it's still a positive value proposition, but it's pretty expensive. And so we... Academics shake our heads and say it's too bad that most of our master's programs seem to be filled with international students, we need to increase the number of domestic students.

    2018-08-18 · Decoder with Nilay Patel · Recode Decode: Andrew Moore, dean of Carnegie Mellon's School of Computer Science · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  21. Or ahead of that office, but okay. And so not whining about that aspect, but it has stayed flat while the number of computer science professors has needed to grow. And so there is less grant funding to go around. A starving dean or department head looks around and says, where can I get revenue? And master's programs. Mainly based on bringing in relatively wealthy students from Southeast Asia. Has been a huge money boom

    2018-08-18 · Decoder with Nilay Patel · Recode Decode: Andrew Moore, dean of Carnegie Mellon's School of Computer Science · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  22. As funding in computer sciences remained relatively flat. Over the last 10 or 15 years. And by the way, I should mention that this administration is actually very positive towards computer science funding. And OSTP, Office of Science and Technology policy is really in its list of priorities for the country. Most of them are around computer science.

    2018-08-18 · Decoder with Nilay Patel · Recode Decode: Andrew Moore, dean of Carnegie Mellon's School of Computer Science · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  23. Also important to tech. There needs to be all kinds of people. Especially when tech is so immigrant. Focused in terms of who has come here. You can name, you can just one after the other. There's someone who's come from somewhere else.

    2018-08-18 · Decoder with Nilay Patel · Recode Decode: Andrew Moore, dean of Carnegie Mellon's School of Computer Science · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  24. So that's going on okay for us. There are other disciplines, things like law and business, suffering somewhat, and university, like the broader set of universities in the United States who are also really important to our economy, maybe not top five. There needs to be all kinds of people. Those folks are starting to see drop-offs. So I think that is a leading indicator of a problem.

    2018-08-18 · Decoder with Nilay Patel · Recode Decode: Andrew Moore, dean of Carnegie Mellon's School of Computer Science · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  25. Schools like Carnegie Mellon's School of Computer Science, the very strong technology schools, we have not seen this impacting the interest in folks coming into our programs. And every year we are having to accept a smaller and smaller fraction of our applicants because there are so many applicants.

    2018-08-18 · Decoder with Nilay Patel · Recode Decode: Andrew Moore, dean of Carnegie Mellon's School of Computer Science · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  26. I think it's short term and I haven't seen any craziness that of course I'm frightened it'll happen on this question of getting really the strongest folks over. But if we appear to have a society which doesn't welcome Folks from elsewhere, then of course any sane brilliant scientist will end up going to Canada or Singapore or Zurich because they'll be able to get the best of both worlds. Sure. So that is a concern. It's about perception. And once you're living in an academic community or in a software development office for an exciting company, usually day-to-day interactions, this doesn't come up. You're so focused on some particular mission. But that perception, especially among someone who's maybe 16 or 17 in anywhere from Turkey to China to England is something I'm concerned about. Numerically...

    2018-08-18 · Decoder with Nilay Patel · Recode Decode: Andrew Moore, dean of Carnegie Mellon's School of Computer Science · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  27. Yes. So at that point, if you consider things to be a numbers game. We're doomed I don't think it is just a numbers game. If, on the other hand, we maintain this role as the place want to come to, then I think that will make sure that me speaking in my words not for anyone else, the biggest advances in technology happen in a liberal Western society with sort of democratic transparent values.

    2018-08-18 · Decoder with Nilay Patel · Recode Decode: Andrew Moore, dean of Carnegie Mellon's School of Computer Science · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  28. Right, right, not the copying community. They're now creative and doing their own, which is really fascinating. People are always like, oh, China copies me like, not so much anymore. I think that's an old trope.

    2018-08-18 · Decoder with Nilay Patel · Recode Decode: Andrew Moore, dean of Carnegie Mellon's School of Computer Science · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  29. I talk funny but it would never have occurred to me growing up that I wanted to be anywhere other than United States. I wasn't sure. Whether I would qualify to get in, but it was the central point. Right. And that still stands despite everything. I think that around the world, once people are thinking primarily about the science and what new technologies they're going to develop, they want to be part of this.

    2018-08-18 · Decoder with Nilay Patel · Recode Decode: Andrew Moore, dean of Carnegie Mellon's School of Computer Science · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  30. So that strategy which worked so well in the development of aerospace technology and the initial development of computation and the more recent development of the really important principles like multithreading, multiprocessor, multi-core and computer vision and things, that has worked very well. That aspect where United States really kind of gets and maintains an unfair advantage by making sure that it gets hold of the best people does work or has worked in our interest for a long time. And you can tell by my accent or I actually revealed this at the start. You're not from here.

    2018-08-18 · Decoder with Nilay Patel · Recode Decode: Andrew Moore, dean of Carnegie Mellon's School of Computer Science · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  31. Yes, so the American experience in science and technology in the last 50 years has been very successful. It has maintained and really earned the status as the place in the world that you want to come. And that has meant that you can think of places like MIT and Stanford and CMU as the Starfleet Academy of Computer Science. Yes, they are.

    2018-08-18 · Decoder with Nilay Patel · Recode Decode: Andrew Moore, dean of Carnegie Mellon's School of Computer Science · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  32. It really helps to be clear about something which we're lucky, Carnegie Mellon already believed that it's about impact. And the real job of a computer scientist is to be thinking. That thing's a problem. What can we do about it? And how can technology and social systems help? That's my definition of a computer scientist. Right. Which is more attractive to women, actually.

    2018-08-18 · Decoder with Nilay Patel · Recode Decode: Andrew Moore, dean of Carnegie Mellon's School of Computer Science · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  33. Maybe if there had been some concern ten or twenty years ago that somehow that there would be something else would get broken and even admitting lots of students you'd see a big drop off later on. That hypothesis seems to have failed.

    2018-08-18 · Decoder with Nilay Patel · Recode Decode: Andrew Moore, dean of Carnegie Mellon's School of Computer Science · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  34. There's a suite of things that you have to be doing. So let me run through some of them. First one is to be really... Really just welcoming and thorough when you're looking at the match of individuals to the university. This approach, which was pioneered over the last two decades by CMU professors such as Professor Margolis and Lenore Blum have really helped make sure that we're not inadvertently dropping excellent students who maybe don't come from, aren't your traditional cis white male. That has been spectacularly successful. We have seen not only are we now at fifty percent women coming into the program, but the retention through the program is indistinguishable between men and women. The final results in the program are indistinguishable. And so

    2018-08-18 · Decoder with Nilay Patel · Recode Decode: Andrew Moore, dean of Carnegie Mellon's School of Computer Science · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  35. Yes, I agree. Unconscious bias and so forth, then it's hard. Right, that's an interesting part. Everyone was focusing so much on recruiting, which I think you need to do. But once people get there, wherever it is, that's where things, the wheels seem to fall off the car, as far as I can tell, is that there's no management track. It's not managed differently. It's not imagining that people have different needs in the way they've been managing people. It's all kinds of things, but it's keeping people there, which is always, and seeing a track towards promotion, that's within the companies. How do you change the university? I know at Harvey Mudd, they've tried different things. They've identified issues, social issues, the way they're doing classes, the way they're conducting classes. What are you doing?

    2018-08-18 · Decoder with Nilay Patel · Recode Decode: Andrew Moore, dean of Carnegie Mellon's School of Computer Science · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  36. So specifically, it's so easy to see ways that you're going to lose women or underrepresented minorities have made it all the way through high school if you're not giving them a positive environment and one where they feel appreciated and a part of an overall organization. And then even further than that, if you're saying, have a great time at university, but when you're out in the real world, you're still going to suffer from unconscious bias and so forth, then it's hard to retain them through the program

    2018-08-18 · Decoder with Nilay Patel · Recode Decode: Andrew Moore, dean of Carnegie Mellon's School of Computer Science · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  37. So I've learnt a lot while I've been at Carnegie Mellon and it's kind of humbling. So when I arrived, I was of a very traditional mindset, which I'm embarrassed about now, which is, yes, it's a huge pipeline problem. I should do everything I can to encourage and help the people earlier in the pipeline sort of increase their part of it so that I can then absorb what they produce. And the thing I've learned is that's not the case all of us in education and in early career management are part of that pipeline.

    2018-08-18 · Decoder with Nilay Patel · Recode Decode: Andrew Moore, dean of Carnegie Mellon's School of Computer Science · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  38. So there is somewhat of a pipeline generally, problem generally One of the things that we're all super concerned about in taking action on is specifically the pipeline for women. And underrepresented minorities is weaker than the rest of the pipeline

    2018-08-18 · Decoder with Nilay Patel · Recode Decode: Andrew Moore, dean of Carnegie Mellon's School of Computer Science · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  39. And we've always had that kind of focus. It's my personal belief, and I think it is the general thing which unites us at CMU, that you actually get the best science by focusing on impact. The field of computer science is so rich. There's so much to explore which is completely unexplored at the moment Very easy to get lost in all the things you can do, but having a guiding light.

    2018-08-18 · Decoder with Nilay Patel · Recode Decode: Andrew Moore, dean of Carnegie Mellon's School of Computer Science · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  40. Famously one of my predecessors, Jeanette Wing, who was head of computer science at CMU, in a famous faculty promotions meeting, listened to some folks comparing bibliometric statistics about, well, this person's had this number of conference publications and this number of oral reports, and she stood up and she said, we don't care about those numbers. Look at what this person has done. Their technology has brought, and I don't remember the instance specifically, but it has brought a change in the way that a certain part of society operates. Right.

    2018-08-18 · Decoder with Nilay Patel · Recode Decode: Andrew Moore, dean of Carnegie Mellon's School of Computer Science · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  41. Going to like rag on Stanford for me exactly. Stanford is awesome. What made me particularly love Carnegie Melon and sort of ally myself with it is it really thinks of the goals of its faculty and students to be around impact.

    2018-08-18 · Decoder with Nilay Patel · Recode Decode: Andrew Moore, dean of Carnegie Mellon's School of Computer Science · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  42. Right. And so when you're thinking about what you're doing as opposed to the other schools, how do you, you have a certain focus? How do you differentiate yourself then? And how do you attract people into the area

    2018-08-18 · Decoder with Nilay Patel · Recode Decode: Andrew Moore, dean of Carnegie Mellon's School of Computer Science · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  43. Technology. Others early 2000s and others 2010s. 2010's a way you often see parts of a business able to take in sensory data like for instance watching to see if anyone's tripped and fell in a factory so that you can quickly get help to them where it involves real computer vision and pretty advanced engineering other folks Definitely won't have anything like that. They may have extra people walking around to try to detect that kind of thing. But it's going to be a long time to tool up on it. And the advice, if a company wants to move ahead with something like that, is you have to have some internal expertise, even when you hire consultants from the big consulting companies to come in and help you implement them. You have to have some internal expertise.

    2018-08-18 · Decoder with Nilay Patel · Recode Decode: Andrew Moore, dean of Carnegie Mellon's School of Computer Science · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  44. So One thing I'm observing in my current role, which I'm really enjoying, is there is such a difference in the technology levels of different organizations. There are people and companies that doing a fantastic business, but their infrastructure is based on 1990

    2018-08-18 · Decoder with Nilay Patel · Recode Decode: Andrew Moore, dean of Carnegie Mellon's School of Computer Science · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  45. There is, however, a serious need for both types of developers. And again, there's no, I'm not saying one is stronger or more important than the other. It's absolutely pointless having folks invent new algorithms if there aren't people to take them and actually look at how to change the world with them. similarly someone on the planet should be figuring out how to make software more energy efficient, more able to prevent disasters in each of these things. So two groups. Carnegie Mellon, School of Computer Science, focuses rightly or wrongly, and I think rightly on the second group, the folks designing the next generation of what's going on.

    2018-08-18 · Decoder with Nilay Patel · Recode Decode: Andrew Moore, dean of Carnegie Mellon's School of Computer Science · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  46. Number one The People Who Can Take Existing Technology the great systems like TensorFlow or AWS web services or all these things integrate them together to make new products. Right. There's the second group which are who are the people who are going to be designing the new things which eventually replace those current systems. So there's the folks building the technology that the next 20 years will be based on, and then there's those taking the existing technology. So a place, the great computer science places, MIT, Stanford, Georgia Tech, Berkeley, CMU, their main responsibility, I believe, is to produce that second type, the people who are going to be building what's next.

    2018-08-18 · Decoder with Nilay Patel · Recode Decode: Andrew Moore, dean of Carnegie Mellon's School of Computer Science · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  47. So they are still heavily in demand. So when I look at the whole map of what's needed, there are Two distinct populations of folks we need to train up. They're both equally important but they are different.

    2018-08-18 · Decoder with Nilay Patel · Recode Decode: Andrew Moore, dean of Carnegie Mellon's School of Computer Science · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  48. We're here with Andrew Moore. He's the Dean of Carnegie Mellon's School of Computer Science. So you went there because there is this, it's almost a crisis really in terms of like Google. It's essentially Google and Facebook sucking up and others, sucking up all the talent. And we'll get into the diversity of the talent in a minute. But so you went there. Talk about what Carney Mellon's doing. Most people think of Stanford and some other schools in California, Polytech and stuff like that. Talk about how you look at computer education now. And we'll get into the diversity issue in a minute, but how do you look at where we are as a country? Because I just recently read Mark Zuckerberg and he talked about the problem. China, obviously, the worrisome nature of what's going on in China is that there's so many people they're just pushing out AI experts everywhere. Sort of look at the state of where we are with graduates in computer science.

    2018-08-18 · Decoder with Nilay Patel · Recode Decode: Andrew Moore, dean of Carnegie Mellon's School of Computer Science · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  49. They will tend to flock to the places which are most sort of welcoming and set to take them. So when you've got a huge undersupply of AI experts in the United States Those that do remain are going to be fought over by very deep pocketed. Strong internet companies who are providing Advanced technology, really just being blocks because they can't find anyone

    2018-08-18 · Decoder with Nilay Patel · Recode Decode: Andrew Moore, dean of Carnegie Mellon's School of Computer Science · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  50. Yes, it was fascinating. What I noticed going on in the world of academia was it's really centrally important role for the economy and for the future. One of the biggest trends going on among the tech companies in what's going to keep them alive. Is how much strong software and machine learning AI expertise they can get hold of. And that was turning out to be the limiting factor. That limiting factor is actually super serious. The reason it's so serious is the folks with these skills, if there's not enough of them.

    2018-08-18 · Decoder with Nilay Patel · Recode Decode: Andrew Moore, dean of Carnegie Mellon's School of Computer Science · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT