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Betül Kaçar
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“There's wisdom to that, but also it's because however you leave defines you, right? So I think there's some profound meaning to that, too, that just leave it as you would. To find it”
2022-12-29 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #350 – Betül Kaçar: Origin of Life, Ancient DNA, Panspermia, and Aliens · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“I think that there is something about Still doing your best and believing that there's Whatever goodness is worth working for Is beyond, and to do that without a meaning, there's something more humiliating. And profound about that. And we This will come out very random. Okay, so just In Turkish bathrooms. Is this sign That says. Leave it as you want to find it. And I think that's a pretty good.”
2022-12-29 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #350 – Betül Kaçar: Origin of Life, Ancient DNA, Panspermia, and Aliens · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“But soothing doesn't mean that there's a meaning. Why soothing meaning? Let me just put it this way. Because there is just, I think, so much unfairness going on. I wouldn't even dare myself to think that there's a meaning out of respect to the ones that are suffering.”
2022-12-29 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #350 – Betül Kaçar: Origin of Life, Ancient DNA, Panspermia, and Aliens · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“I mean, this definitely would be soothing to things like that, but I don't think there is a meaning that way. It's fascinating that we can understand it.”
2022-12-29 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #350 – Betül Kaçar: Origin of Life, Ancient DNA, Panspermia, and Aliens · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Why so much beauty? It is because we choose to see it that way. It's beautiful, but there is no meaning, I don't think no.”
2022-12-29 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #350 – Betül Kaçar: Origin of Life, Ancient DNA, Panspermia, and Aliens · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Be prepared that it's not very fair, unfortunately. And so I don't want to depict this Disney story. And then, yes, and everything will be just fine. Mostly isn't, but you learn a way, learn, you know, life does it all the time.”
2022-12-29 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #350 – Betül Kaçar: Origin of Life, Ancient DNA, Panspermia, and Aliens · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“I definitely know the feeling, and I would just want them to know that they don't need to be defined. By or reduced down to what others see in them.”
2022-12-29 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #350 – Betül Kaçar: Origin of Life, Ancient DNA, Panspermia, and Aliens · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Yes, and I will And that's exactly why I'm telling this whole story. Because for most of us, we may have to be that seed in our families, the first one to do something new, to break that cycle, whatever it is that you want to break free from. I would want the young people to know that you can be that. just wonderful things to learn from this life and it's just incredible to be living. And I would want them to know that their voice matters and they need to use it, especially those who think that their voice doesn't matter. And ultimately, I think what it comes down to is trusting yourself, trusting and respecting your voice. If you're not loved, learn if you were not respected, start by respecting yourself. Learn how to respect yourself. You can teach yourself things.”
2022-12-29 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #350 – Betül Kaçar: Origin of Life, Ancient DNA, Panspermia, and Aliens · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Start a new beginning, be the seat for the next generation. And it moved me so much that they all came to hear about early life space, something maybe different for them that maybe they were always interested in and never thought about. What stayed with me was the look and the feeling, the look on their faces and the feeling in the room, the energy just was very moving to me.”
2022-12-29 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #350 – Betül Kaçar: Origin of Life, Ancient DNA, Panspermia, and Aliens · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“I had a chance to visit Bosnia. So I was invited to give a talk in a very northernmost part of the country that was impacted by the war tremendously. And it was a public talk, it was open to everybody in the village. And I was told even people drew from Sarajevo to attend. Whenever I think about Our role as a scientist or the beneficiaries of the knowledge that we create. I always think about that. That's how many people were in that room. It was incredibly crowded and lots of young people who were trying to start everything new and not do or not carry Replace whatever may be the feeling that was taken from them with hope and love.”
2022-12-29 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #350 – Betül Kaçar: Origin of Life, Ancient DNA, Panspermia, and Aliens · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“A deeper human thing. It is a very sad thing if any one of us passes this planet without knowing what love is. And that could be a love to a pet, a love to a plant.”
2022-12-29 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #350 – Betül Kaçar: Origin of Life, Ancient DNA, Panspermia, and Aliens · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“It's not easy to learn how to or how to love if you're not loved. So it's something, but the good news is that it is something that You can learn, I think. You can practice and teach yourself how to maybe give yourself the thing that wasn't given to you and then ultimately give it to others. I think it would be quite arrogant to think that we will be capable of loving it. It could be anything really.”
2022-12-29 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #350 – Betül Kaçar: Origin of Life, Ancient DNA, Panspermia, and Aliens · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“I think we are very sincerely human as a culture. I think that we have the saying that don't go to bed. If your neighbor is hungry. So, you know, you wouldn't eat any food in front of someone where I come from without offering to share the bite. So I think those things, however small they may sound, a really big deal, especially when you move to a place that may not have those attributes. So, I think that culturally we had a lot of conscious and role deep human.”
2022-12-29 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #350 – Betül Kaçar: Origin of Life, Ancient DNA, Panspermia, and Aliens · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“I was born in Istanbul, so I grew up in Turkey. City that has two continents, which is quite interesting. You have a welcome to Europe sign and then welcome to Asia sign the same day, depending on which part of the bridge you are. So that's where I was born and I spent about roughly 20 years of my life and then I immigrated to United States.”
2022-12-29 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #350 – Betül Kaçar: Origin of Life, Ancient DNA, Panspermia, and Aliens · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“I wouldn't say success per se, but it is true that when you dance at the edge of different disciplines, that's when inevitably the innovation will rise because you will see things maybe a little differently when you're on the edge, right? It will probably take longer, and it may not be understood right away. It may not come into final form quickly, given that it is a new. Concept rising. So, therefore, the patients will make more sense. I'm sorry, patients will be even more important. So if you are, in other words, if you are into immediate appreciation, That's probably not the way to go”
2022-12-29 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #350 – Betül Kaçar: Origin of Life, Ancient DNA, Panspermia, and Aliens · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“I wouldn't say it's success necessarily if you put the wrong ingredient and you press the blender and you made it smoothie it can ruin the entire mix.”
2022-12-29 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #350 – Betül Kaçar: Origin of Life, Ancient DNA, Panspermia, and Aliens · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“We do a lot of statistics, so there's a lot of mathematics to what we do as well. Yes, we like to think of it as this. Nelsrobiology program says it. I repeat it because it's fun that it is not a fruit salad, but it's a smoothie. That's what we are generating.”
2022-12-29 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #350 – Betül Kaçar: Origin of Life, Ancient DNA, Panspermia, and Aliens · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Yes, and I think that so when I said science is like a language itself, I said it in two different ways. One is very literal meaning, that you can speak English, but that doesn't mean you will understand the scientific paper. It's a different level of English that you need to learn to understand, even not just for scientific papers, even from discipline to discipline. I challenge any chemist to read an evolutionary biology paper and vice versa. It may sound extremely different, a different language altogether. But there's also the language of communicating because words matter, how we talk matter, how we represent our science matters. So yes, just learning English as a second language alone is not going to make you fluent in science either.”
2022-12-29 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #350 – Betül Kaçar: Origin of Life, Ancient DNA, Panspermia, and Aliens · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Yeah, language is unfortunate because it comes with similar to bacteria, right? They speak these languages. Even we call this, we call culturing the bacteria, we call it culturing, right? When we grow bacteria that we isolate from the environment in the lab, meaning that you create an environment for them to grow and thrive and sustain themselves. That's what we say, but culture is for microbiologists. For language with language comes a different culture, a different perspective. And you bring that to the table. It brings the sense of diversity that can only be achieved by clashing perhaps two different cultures, two different languages, two different approaches, maybe in some cases four different approaches.”
2022-12-29 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #350 – Betül Kaçar: Origin of Life, Ancient DNA, Panspermia, and Aliens · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“I directly translated for scientific work, yes. I think that. Again, brains are equally distributed but not opportunities are not, right? So if you... Want to include, if you want to benefit from all human power, whatever we can generate as human beings, you need to include everybody on the table. And that is by extending the opportunity. I think most of us that make it tend to think that we did because of something special about ourselves. But it is important to know that, no, we were given opportunities. And that's why we are here, not because there was something inherently special about us or that the system truly selects for the ones that really are.”
2022-12-29 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #350 – Betül Kaçar: Origin of Life, Ancient DNA, Panspermia, and Aliens · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Well, I'm not sure if it is lost per se. Maybe it's more like a gain in some sense, right? Because you understand science is ultimately a human pursue. So you cannot separate. As much as maybe it's the best system that humans ever came up with to seek knowledge, to generate and make sense of the world. It works most of the time. It doesn't mean it's perfect”
2022-12-29 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #350 – Betül Kaçar: Origin of Life, Ancient DNA, Panspermia, and Aliens · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Yes, and I think what is hard is to really drill down into a concept, right? So you can create a new thing and then it may be appealing and get a lot of, gain a lot of traction, but to sustain that, to continue that, you really need to show the true expertise. And so it's not only about defining a problem, but then really systematically solve that problem maybe over the course of decades.”
2022-12-29 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #350 – Betül Kaçar: Origin of Life, Ancient DNA, Panspermia, and Aliens · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Minutes and hours. So I recommend actual physical libraries for people who may want to appreciate or remember the sense of time. And how long it takes to build something. I think it is, you're right that the immediacy and the right response of, and the fact that these places, algorithm wants you to respond right away and interact with itself, right? So I can see the appeal. But through innovation, I think it doesn't even scream. It's not shiny, especially in the beginning. But it's also important to not fool ourselves and think that everything that people criticize has some super important meaning behind it. So it's a mix of the technique, the method, and your gut feeling.”
2022-12-29 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #350 – Betül Kaçar: Origin of Life, Ancient DNA, Panspermia, and Aliens · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“I can see the reason behind it, or perhaps there's again fear of failure that can be a major determinant of that pattern, right? So you try to do something that is accepted by others because that's maybe likely to give the result right away. But it's a long game. It's a very long game. And if you are aiming a long-term change and long-term impact, you've got to be very, very patient about it. And you better tame your ego.”
2022-12-29 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #350 – Betül Kaçar: Origin of Life, Ancient DNA, Panspermia, and Aliens · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Of problem solving and what sort of problems they've solved. But I have not met a scientist that finds their own pursuit boring.”
2022-12-29 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #350 – Betül Kaçar: Origin of Life, Ancient DNA, Panspermia, and Aliens · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Yes, and there is not a lot of room for true freedom. Maybe at this certain degree. So first you need to be trained, right? It's not that scientists are just brilliant, amazing humans. They just know and learn how to do science because they're trained in how to do science. So that is important because as someone who wants to definitely I'm hoping that I'm giving the message that this is for everybody that there's this notion of science scientists being super smart people that's definitely not true. It is a method that you learn to solve a problem. That's really what science is and some are really good at it and they get better at it under really good guidance, maybe good mentorship. And ultimately everyone finds their own style.”
2022-12-29 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #350 – Betül Kaçar: Origin of Life, Ancient DNA, Panspermia, and Aliens · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Yes, it should definitely be whatever you're doing should be exciting to you. If there's only one person that should be ever excited about what you're doing, that should be you And that's enough for that idea to go somewhere. I think that you need to believe in the idea. But at the same time, I think it's important to not fall in love with your mistakes. Know that if something isn't working, you should let it go instead of trying to fix it, even though you feel that this is a mistake or you know that it's a mistake in order to instead of trying to fix it, you should. Wrap it up and move on to something else, which is incredibly hard”
2022-12-29 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #350 – Betül Kaçar: Origin of Life, Ancient DNA, Panspermia, and Aliens · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“I wouldn't say so, but I eliminated a lot of the things out of my work line by simply not feeling like studying them. I was bored chasing certain questions.”
2022-12-29 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #350 – Betül Kaçar: Origin of Life, Ancient DNA, Panspermia, and Aliens · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“So, ideas come all the time, right? There are all kinds of ideas, there are good ideas, there are not so good ideas, there are really exciting ideas, maybe some boring ones. But if you... Are you really interested in doing something different, then you need to be willing to take the risk to be wrong? And that's incredibly difficult, even though we talked about the idealist sort of notion behind science that we ultimately want to be rejected or our ideas need to be rejected for it, for the entire infrastructure to move forward There is a level of risk taking, I think, behind. Any creative idea. And I mean that in a true sense. If you are disappointed that your idea didn't work, then it wasn't a risk because you still hoped that it will work.”
2022-12-29 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #350 – Betül Kaçar: Origin of Life, Ancient DNA, Panspermia, and Aliens · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Planets with no oxygen when we pass the great oxidation event threshold that is about 2.5 billion years. So the earliest life is even harder. You are trying to write the story of life based on a handful of rocks and what is recorded on them.”
2022-12-29 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #350 – Betül Kaçar: Origin of Life, Ancient DNA, Panspermia, and Aliens · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Science is answering these questions. I mean, we are limited just going back to the beginning in our ways, right? So we rely on biology. It is overwritten. You're talking about 4 billion year old records that is ever changing. That, again, makes it beautiful, but also makes it difficult. It's not tractable. Geology has some degree, to some degree, it has a record of a more static Frozen state record that is embedded on itself, on the surface of this planet, if we can find them. And that's the key, that most of these recorded remnants are Like if we find them, they are not naturally selected. They are found, they need to be found for us to read them. So we work with a very handful set of samples, especially when we talk about the deep past.”
2022-12-29 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #350 – Betül Kaçar: Origin of Life, Ancient DNA, Panspermia, and Aliens · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Yes, and it may all come down to a few innovations that happened at the molecular level. That may or may not be inevitable. So, all these molecular tricks may have enabled the sort of mere existence of whatever you are able to define as familiar to yourself.”
2022-12-29 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #350 – Betül Kaçar: Origin of Life, Ancient DNA, Panspermia, and Aliens · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“And we are very, very, we are the super later arrivals to the party, right? So this is definitely not our planet. It's the microbial planets that we live in.”
2022-12-29 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #350 – Betül Kaçar: Origin of Life, Ancient DNA, Panspermia, and Aliens · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“So if we think of earlier, there's. And I ask this to my students too. I want them to close their eyes and think about just nothingness but dust. We don't have trees. We don't have plants. When we say an empty place or visually at least, we are talking about a planet that is really alien. So understanding our own past is similar to understanding an alien planet altogether, given that it is a very different planet that did not have any oxygen for two billion years. There's nothing that is familiar to us that we would even think about when we think about life that is present in our past yet here we are.”
2022-12-29 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #350 – Betül Kaçar: Origin of Life, Ancient DNA, Panspermia, and Aliens · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“In response to Steve Jagold's proposition, Most people who argue that life is convergent and it will in fact lead to a few determined outcomes. It's not that the outcome is determined per se, but the pathways are restricted and the mutational trajectories that life can act upon are already very limited so that the final outcomes are a few. And eyes being one of them. The convergence at the eye level was suggested, was presented as an example of why life may actually embark on the same solution over and over again, given that many species evolved it independently from one another.”
2022-12-29 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #350 – Betül Kaçar: Origin of Life, Ancient DNA, Panspermia, and Aliens · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Yes. So you and I and all the microbes in this room, your chemical systems that are operating in a way that we can respond and sense and our environments and whatnot. But if you are asking if you're going to be here, then you're imagining that another solution is also possible, which is different than the fundamentals of life. Because life will do always, life will do its life thing.”
2022-12-29 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #350 – Betül Kaçar: Origin of Life, Ancient DNA, Panspermia, and Aliens · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Will end up in something, but you're not talking about whether life will emerge and sustain itself. You're talking about whether life will emerge and sustain itself in the shape and form that is similar to what we have right now. So you are chemistry. I'm chemistry. We're having this conversation and your plants are chemistry too. They are also having their own conversation.”
2022-12-29 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #350 – Betül Kaçar: Origin of Life, Ancient DNA, Panspermia, and Aliens · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Removed it because you're assuming everything will happen at the same time, at the same intensity. So that's not too contingent. That means that the natural selection you're thinking is really operating at more or evolution is operating under more random forces, then that can be dictated by the environment. So in our way of understanding or thinking about rewinding, replaying, I don't think we're thinking about the role of the environment as clearly or don't seem to be integrated as much.”
2022-12-29 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #350 – Betül Kaçar: Origin of Life, Ancient DNA, Panspermia, and Aliens · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“I kind of ask for it. But he speculated or suggested this hypothetical experiment whether if life was recorded or can be imagined to be recorded on a linear chain of events recorded on a tape. And if we were to rewind the state, would we listen to the same song, right? So, and in his proposition, I also thought, yeah, but are we replaying the tape in the same exact manner or are we meaning all the geological and environmental events? Are they happening at the same time? Because then you removed the randomness from equation a little bit, right? You're just.”
2022-12-29 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #350 – Betül Kaçar: Origin of Life, Ancient DNA, Panspermia, and Aliens · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“For instance, I mean, I think it's in the 80s, maybe earlier than that Stephen J. Gold's book, Wonderful Life, which changed, I think, a lot of scientists' life, including mine. He contemplates on this notion of the tape of life. Of course, I hope people still know what tape is, but I think your listeners will know what tape is. I don't know.”
2022-12-29 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #350 – Betül Kaçar: Origin of Life, Ancient DNA, Panspermia, and Aliens · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“That medal wasn't abandoned in the environment, but still life chose that. So it's not that straightforward as though whatever you are what you eat, but you don't necessarily eat what is obvious to you. Just because there's a lot of that food around you doesn't mean life will ultimately go there. Maybe most of the time it will. But it seems like in the case of nitrogen fixation, it didn't, and maybe that made the difference.”
2022-12-29 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #350 – Betül Kaçar: Origin of Life, Ancient DNA, Panspermia, and Aliens · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Sells fixed nitrogen, the ones they can do, is that they also do this through a lot of help of a lot of metals, a lot of elemental support really. And which geologists use to understand where did this metabolism even evolve where at first place? So we look at ancient oceans, we try to understand the elemental composition of ancient oceans. And what we see is that in some cases, the metabolisms, even though they prefer a certain metal or an element that is in the environment,”
2022-12-29 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #350 – Betül Kaçar: Origin of Life, Ancient DNA, Panspermia, and Aliens · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“So we actually have a center exploring this problem. We want to understand whether it's almost like judging a book by its cover, right? Do you just look at an environment and then see whatever is present or scarce in that environment and then think that, okay, the life form that will exist in this environment will obviously have a lot of molybdenum in its system. Look at all this molybdenum around here. Or will it be? Because if you say that, you are now putting the environment in the more prime driver role, right? That you're saying that environment will determine what biology will or will not use. We've done studies that show that it's not necessarily this straightforward, that, for instance, we looked at going back to nitrogen. One thing that's fascinating about the way”
2022-12-29 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #350 – Betül Kaçar: Origin of Life, Ancient DNA, Panspermia, and Aliens · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Yeah, so when we run this imaginary rewind and replay experiments in our minds, I want to know whether we are positioning all the same geologic events at the same chronological order as well, or whether we are also giving them more randomness. So if the volcano erupted, is it happening at the same time? If you have our dinosaurs getting wiped off every time with the same meteorite that's hitting the same”
2022-12-29 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #350 – Betül Kaçar: Origin of Life, Ancient DNA, Panspermia, and Aliens · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“My mind asks, Are you imagining if we're repeating the planet one million times, are we seeing, are the things that happened? I'm not talking at the chemical level, but at the environment level, do they happen at the same time, at the same frequency, the same intensity every time you're running this tape over and over again?”
2022-12-29 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #350 – Betül Kaçar: Origin of Life, Ancient DNA, Panspermia, and Aliens · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“And given the progress we made and how many brilliant people are working on this right now, and it's definitely more, I would say that we are approaching this problem in more broader ways, different ways possible, I'm confident that we will get there. For us, again, we are interested in early sales and first cells and what followed the origin of life, but we cannot, given that it's a continuum between origin and emergence of our cells, it's hard to separate these two ends from one another.”
2022-12-29 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #350 – Betül Kaçar: Origin of Life, Ancient DNA, Panspermia, and Aliens · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“That's the thing. I don't think so. I mean, the failure is not going to indicate that this must have been, I don't think anyone will put the problem to something else just because our failures, our experiments failed.”
2022-12-29 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #350 – Betül Kaçar: Origin of Life, Ancient DNA, Panspermia, and Aliens · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“But a whole entire organism is not a missing component like that, right? I mean, when you're thinking about origin of life”
2022-12-29 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #350 – Betül Kaçar: Origin of Life, Ancient DNA, Panspermia, and Aliens · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“But you're talking about panspermia, right? Just I don't understand how you would, it's different than if you think it's similar to looking for life in the universe. Is that what you're thinking?”
2022-12-29 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #350 – Betül Kaçar: Origin of Life, Ancient DNA, Panspermia, and Aliens · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Yeah, but it's, I mean, it's definitely. Interesting to listen to, but I wouldn't place it, I wouldn't know how to place it in the studies of origin of life, I guess.”
2022-12-29 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #350 – Betül Kaçar: Origin of Life, Ancient DNA, Panspermia, and Aliens · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source