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Jim Keller

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2021-02-18
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2021-02-18
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  1. World's in about All the literature on religion and stuff is the struggle between good and evil is balanced, for it's very finely tuned for reasons that are complicated. But that's a law and philosophical conversation.

    2021-02-18 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #162 – Jim Keller: The Future of Computing, AI, Life, and Consciousness · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  2. Some people are stable on them, but they're on them for life. It's another one of those drugs. But benzo's long range have real impacts on your personality. People talk about the benzo bubble where you get disassociated from reality in your friends a little bit. It's really terrible.

    2021-02-18 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #162 – Jim Keller: The Future of Computing, AI, Life, and Consciousness · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  3. It's hard to say. It's one of those commonly prescribed things. Like one doctor said, what happens is if you're prescribed them for a reason and then you have a hard time getting off, the protocol basically says you're either crazy or dependent and you get kind of pushed into a different treatment regime. You're a drug addict or a psychiatric patient. And so like one doctor said, you know, I prescribed her for 10 years thinking I was helping my patients and I realized I was really harming them. And the awareness of that is slowly coming up. The fact that they're casually prescribed to people is horrible. And it's bloody scary.

    2021-02-18 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #162 – Jim Keller: The Future of Computing, AI, Life, and Consciousness · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  4. I don't know. I've watched videos of people going through withdrawal. They all seem to suffer. Unbeliev And where it goes out to everybody, there's some funny math about this. Some doctors said, as best he can tell, there's the standard recommendations. Don't take them for more than a month and then taper over a couple of weeks. Many doctors prescribe them endlessly, which is against the protocol, but it's common, right? And then something like 75% of people, when they taper it's half the people have difficulty, but 75% get off okay. 20% have severe difficulty and 5% have life-threatening difficulty. And if you're one of those, it's really bad. And the stories... Heartbreaking and tough.

    2021-02-18 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #162 – Jim Keller: The Future of Computing, AI, Life, and Consciousness · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  5. Literally changes the size and numbers of neurotransmitter sites in your brain. So there's a process called the Ashton Protocol where you taper it down slowly over two years to people go through that go through unbelievable hell. And what Jordan went through seemed to be worse because on advice of doctors, we'll stop taking these and take this. It was the disaster. And he got some, yeah, it was pretty tough. He seems to be doing quite a bit better intellectually. You can see his brain clicking back together. I spent a lot of time with him. I've never seen anybody suffer so much.

    2021-02-18 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #162 – Jim Keller: The Future of Computing, AI, Life, and Consciousness · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  6. I became an expert in benza withdrawal. Which is you took benzoenes, and at some point they interact with GABA circuits to reduce anxiety and do a hundred other things. There's actually no known list of everything they do because they interact with so many parts of your body. And then once you're on them, you habituate to them. And you have a dependency. It's not like you're a drug dependency where you're trying to get high. It's a metabolic dependency. And then if you discontinue them There's a funny thing called kindling Which is if you stop them and then go, you know, you'll have a horrible withdrawal symptoms. If you go back on them at the same level, you won't be stable. And that unfortunately happened to him.

    2021-02-18 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #162 – Jim Keller: The Future of Computing, AI, Life, and Consciousness · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  7. But at the same time, and it could be by doing that, the group in Society you're part of becomes collectively even more interesting. So the outside observer will think, wow, all these Lexus running around with all these really independent ideas have created something even more interesting in aggreg So I don't know. Those are lenses to look at the situation. Give you some inspiration, but I don't think there are constraints.

    2021-02-18 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #162 – Jim Keller: The Future of Computing, AI, Life, and Consciousness · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  8. Jordan Peterson has line that says, you know, you think you have ideas, but ideas have you. And then we know about the phenomenon of groupthink. And there's so many things that constrain us. But I think you can examine all that and not be completely owned by the ideas and completely sucked into groupthink. And part of your responsibility as a human. To escape that kind of phenomena, which isn't, you know, it's one of the creative tension things again. You're constructed by it, but you can still observe it and you can think about it and you can make choices about to some level how constrained you are by it. And it's useful to do that.

    2021-02-18 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #162 – Jim Keller: The Future of Computing, AI, Life, and Consciousness · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  9. So everywhere intelligent life was, as soon as it got smart, it up leveled itself into something way more interesting in 3D geometry.

    2021-02-18 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #162 – Jim Keller: The Future of Computing, AI, Life, and Consciousness · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  10. Beings and they go solve about how to think about a billion numbers at the same time and how to think in n dimensions. There's a funny science fiction book where all the society had uploaded into this matrix. And at some point some of the beans in the matrix thought, I wonder if there's intelligent life out there. So they had to do a whole bunch of work to figure out like how to make a physical thing because their matrix was self-sustaining and they made a little spaceship and they traveled to another planet when they got there. There was like life running around, but there was no intelligent life. And then they figured out that there was these huge... Organic matrix all over the planet inside there were intelligent beings had uploaded themselves into that matrix.

    2021-02-18 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #162 – Jim Keller: The Future of Computing, AI, Life, and Consciousness · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  11. We live in the current constrained world. It's three dimensional geometry and the geometry defines a certain amount of physics. And there's like how time works seems to work. There's so many things that seem like a whole bunch of the input parameters to another conscious being are the same. Like, if it's biological, biological things seem to be in a relatively narrow temperature range. Because organics aren't stable, too cold or too hot. So if you specify the list of things that Input to that, but as soon as we make really smart

    2021-02-18 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #162 – Jim Keller: The Future of Computing, AI, Life, and Consciousness · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  12. There's intelligent life on this planet that seems quite different. Dolphins seem plausibly understandable. Octopuses don't seem understandable at all. If they live longer than a year, maybe they would be running the planet. They seem really smart. And their neural architecture is completely different than ours. Who knows how they perceive things?

    2021-02-18 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #162 – Jim Keller: The Future of Computing, AI, Life, and Consciousness · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  13. I have no idea. I mean, if there's lots of aliens out there that have been awfully quiet. There's speculation about why There seems to be more than enough planets out there.

    2021-02-18 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #162 – Jim Keller: The Future of Computing, AI, Life, and Consciousness · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  14. Required for that. Well, all those components together manifest consciousness. So, if we make intelligent beings that we want to interact with that we're like, you know, wondering what they're thinking, looking for the seeing them, you know, when they interact with them, they're interesting, surprising, fascinating. They will probably feel conscious like we do and we'll perceive them as conscious. Know why not, but you never know.

    2021-02-18 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #162 – Jim Keller: The Future of Computing, AI, Life, and Consciousness · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  15. The social element. Well, it gives us a planning system. We have a huge amount of stuff. Like when we're talking. The reason we can talk really fast is we're modeling each other at a really high level of detail

    2021-02-18 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #162 – Jim Keller: The Future of Computing, AI, Life, and Consciousness · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  16. Create the world, tell stories in the world, and then have many dimensions of Sideshows to it. Like, we have an emotional structure, like we have a biological structure. And that seems hierarchical too. Like if you're hungry, it dominates your thinking. If you're mad, it dominates your thinking. And we don't know if that's important to consciousness or not, but it certainly disrupts, you know, intrudes in the consciousness. So there's lots of structure to that. We like to dwell on the past. We like to think about the future. We like to imagine. We like to fantasize and the somewhat circular observation of that is the thing we call consciousness. Now, if you created a computer system and did all things, create worldviews, created future alternate histories, dwelled on past events accurately or semi-accurately.

    2021-02-18 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #162 – Jim Keller: The Future of Computing, AI, Life, and Consciousness · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  17. So it's so curious. So imagine you're building an AI computer if you wanted to replicate humans, well, you'd have huge arrays of neural networks and apparently only six or seven deep, which is hilarious. They don't even remember seven numbers, but I think we can upgrade that a lot, right? And then somewhere in there, you would train the network to create basically the world that you live in, right?

    2021-02-18 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #162 – Jim Keller: The Future of Computing, AI, Life, and Consciousness · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  18. Like, there's no theater in your mind. We have a world in our heads. We're literally just isolated behind our sensors, but we can look at it, speculate about it, speculate about alternatives, problem solve, what if there's so many things going on, and that process is lagging reality.

    2021-02-18 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #162 – Jim Keller: The Future of Computing, AI, Life, and Consciousness · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  19. Everything about it is weird. First, it's to have a second behind reality. It's a post hoc narrative about what happened. You've already done stuff. The time you're conscious of it, and your consciousness generally is a single threaded thing, but we know your brain is 10 billion neurons Running some crazy parallel thing. And there's a really big sorting thing going on there. It also seems to be really reflective in the sense that. You create a space in your head. Like, we don't really see anything, right? Like photons hit your R's, it gets turned into signals, it goes through multiple layers of neurons. I'm so curious that, you know, that looks glassy and that looks not glassy, like, like how the resolution of your vision is so high, you have to go through all this processing. For most of it, it looks nothing like vision.

    2021-02-18 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #162 – Jim Keller: The Future of Computing, AI, Life, and Consciousness · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  20. Again, right? It's somewhat comprehensible and observable and feelable or whatever the right word is. You're not long for the ride. You are the ride.

    2021-02-18 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #162 – Jim Keller: The Future of Computing, AI, Life, and Consciousness · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  21. It's all understandable. Meditation really helps. You got to start figuring out you need to learn language of your own mind. There's multiple levels of it.

    2021-02-18 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #162 – Jim Keller: The Future of Computing, AI, Life, and Consciousness · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  22. Sometimes it's vivid dreams, and sometimes it's just kind of like you say, like shadow thinking that you sort of have this feeling you're going through this stuff, but it's not that obvious.

    2021-02-18 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #162 – Jim Keller: The Future of Computing, AI, Life, and Consciousness · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  23. When you're thinking about solving problems, like you're putting information and you're exercising the stuff you do know, you're sort of teasing the area that you don't understand and don't know. But you can almost feel. Know that process happening, you know, that's how I like. Like I know sometimes when I'm working really hard on something, like I get really hot when I'm sleeping. And, you know, it's like. Got the blank throw. I wake up all the blankets are on the floor. And every time I went, I wake up and think, wow, that was great.

    2021-02-18 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #162 – Jim Keller: The Future of Computing, AI, Life, and Consciousness · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  24. Peripheral vis That's a good way to say it. You have this kind of almost peripheral vision of your visualizations. There are like these ghosts. But if you work on it, you can get a pretty high level of detail.

    2021-02-18 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #162 – Jim Keller: The Future of Computing, AI, Life, and Consciousness · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  25. Can visualize to the point where I don't see very much out of my eyes, and I see the colors of the thing I'm visualizing.

    2021-02-18 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #162 – Jim Keller: The Future of Computing, AI, Life, and Consciousness · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  26. A friend who was always concerned he didn't know how he came up with ideas. He had lots of ideas, but he said they just sort of popped up. Like he'd be working on something, he had this idea, like, where does it come from? You can have more awareness of it. Like how your brain works is a little murky as you go down from the voice in your head or the obvious visualizations. Like when you visualize something, how does that happen? If I say visualized volcano, it's easy to do, right?

    2021-02-18 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #162 – Jim Keller: The Future of Computing, AI, Life, and Consciousness · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  27. Yeah, it's really interesting. There's so much diversity in how people think, you know, how fast and slow they are, how well they remember or don't. You know, I'm not super good at remembering facts, but processes and methods. Like in our engineering, I went to Penn State and almost all our engineering tasks were open book. I could remember the page and not the formula. But as soon as I saw the formula, I could remember the whole method if I learned it. So it's a funny, or some people could, you know, I just watched friends like flipping through the book trying to find the formula, even knowing that they'd done just as much work. Bottom half, I could see the whole thing visually. And, you know.

    2021-02-18 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #162 – Jim Keller: The Future of Computing, AI, Life, and Consciousness · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  28. Because I want, you know, because a new fact day before finals may screw up my understanding of what I thought I knew. So my goal is to always get it in and give it time to soak. And I used to, you know, I remember we were doing like 3D calculus. I would have these amazing dreams, the 3D surfaces with normal calculating the gradient. And this is like all come up. It was really fun. Like very visual. And if I got cycles of that, that was useful. And the other is don't over filter your ideas. Like I like that process of brainstorming where lots of ideas can happen. I like people who have lots of ideas. Then there's a, yeah, I let them sit and let it breathe a little bit. And then reduce it to practice at some point, you really have to. Does it really work? Like, is this real or not?

    2021-02-18 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #162 – Jim Keller: The Future of Computing, AI, Life, and Consciousness · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  29. I found out a long time ago, I process things somewhat slowly. So in college, I had friends that could study at the last minute, get an A next day. I can't do that at all. So I always front loaded all the work. Like I do all the problems early, you know, for finals, like the last three days, I wouldn't look at a book.

    2021-02-18 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #162 – Jim Keller: The Future of Computing, AI, Life, and Consciousness · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  30. And interesting things you're worried about, or books you're reading, or some great conversation you had, or Some adventure you want to have, like there's a lot of space there. And it seems to work that my percentage of interesting dreams and memories went up

    2021-02-18 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #162 – Jim Keller: The Future of Computing, AI, Life, and Consciousness · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  31. Well, to bring it up in my dreaming and then remember it when I wake up. It's more of a meditative practice. You say the prayer yourself to do that. Like, if you go to sleep, still gnashing your teeth about some random thing that happened that you're not that really interested in, you'll dream about it.

    2021-02-18 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #162 – Jim Keller: The Future of Computing, AI, Life, and Consciousness · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  32. Years ago, when I read about Like a book about how to have become aware in your dreams. I worked on it for a while, like just this trick about imagine you can see your hands and look out. And I got somewhat good at it. But my mostly, when I'm thinking about things or working on problems, I prep myself before I go to sleep. It's like I pull into my mind all the things I want to work on or think about. let's say greatly improves the chances that I'll work on that while I'm sleeping And then I also. Basically, ask to remember it. I often remember very detailed.

    2021-02-18 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #162 – Jim Keller: The Future of Computing, AI, Life, and Consciousness · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  33. No, no, 90% of the population is unwilling to take risks. The other 10% is rushing into the risks unaided by any infrastructure whatsoever. That's where all the fun happens in society. There's been huge transformations.

    2021-02-18 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #162 – Jim Keller: The Future of Computing, AI, Life, and Consciousness · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  34. Know about the experiments where they put like a pressure pad on somebody's head. And had a visual transducer pressurize it, and somebody slowly learned to see

    2021-02-18 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #162 – Jim Keller: The Future of Computing, AI, Life, and Consciousness · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  35. So if you have an AI renderer that's trained to understand exactly how you see and the kind of things that enhance the realism of the experience could be super real, actually. So I don't know what the limits of that are, but obviously if we have a brain interface that goes inside your visual cortex in a better way than your eyes do, which is possible, it's a lot in neurons. Maybe that'll be even cooler.

    2021-02-18 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #162 – Jim Keller: The Future of Computing, AI, Life, and Consciousness · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  36. Could do it both ways. I mean, our eyes are really good sensors. It could render onto a screen and we could feel like we're participating in it. They're going to have the Oculus kind of stuff. It's going to be so good when a projection to your eyes, you think it's real. They're slowly solving those problems. And I suspect when the renderer of that information into your head is also AI mediated, they'll be able to give you the cues that you really want for depth and all kinds of stuff. Your brain is partly faking your visual field, right? Your eyes are twitching around, but you don't notice that. Occasionally they blank. You don't notice that. There's all kinds of things like you think you see over here, but you don't really see there.

    2021-02-18 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #162 – Jim Keller: The Future of Computing, AI, Life, and Consciousness · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  37. So today, computer games are rendered by GPUs. But you've seen the GAN stuff. Where train neural networks render realistic images, but there's no pixels, no triangles, no shaders, no light maps, no nothing. So the future of graphics is probably AI. Now that AI is heavily trained by lots of real data. So, if you have an interface with AI renderer, So if you say render a cat, it won't say, well, how tall is the cat and how big, you know, it'll render a cat. And you might say, well, a little bigger, a little smaller, you know. Make it a tabby, shorter hair. You know, like you could tweak it. The amount of data you'll have to send to interact with a very powerful AI renderer could be low.

    2021-02-18 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #162 – Jim Keller: The Future of Computing, AI, Life, and Consciousness · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  38. Super interesting, like, like humans like our thoughts to manifest this action, you know, like as a kid, you know, like shooting a rifle was super fun driving a mini bike, doing things. And then computer games, I think, for a lot of kids became the thing where they, you know, they can do what they want. They can fly, plane, they can do this, they can do this, right? But you have to have this physical interaction. Now imagine. Know you could just imagine stuff and it happened. Right. Like really richly and interestingly. Like, we kind of do that when we dream. Like, dreams are funny because if you have some control or awareness in your dreams, like it's very realistic looking or not realistic. It depends on the dream. But you can also manipulate that. And what's possible there is odd. And the fact that nobody understands it's hilarious.

    2021-02-18 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #162 – Jim Keller: The Future of Computing, AI, Life, and Consciousness · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  39. You know, Ian Banks' stories. The super smart AIs there mostly live in the world of what they call infinite fun Because they can create arbitrary worlds. So they interact, and the story has it. They interact in the normal world, and they're very smart and they can do all kinds of stuff. And, you know, a given mind can talk to a million humans at the same time because we're very slow for reasons artificial. They're interested in people and doing stuff, but they mostly live in this other land of thinking.

    2021-02-18 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #162 – Jim Keller: The Future of Computing, AI, Life, and Consciousness · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  40. And maybe there's some way to make it faster so that the area of the computation could... Could still have a unified feel to it while still having way more ability to do parallel stuff at the same time. Could definitely be improved.

    2021-02-18 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #162 – Jim Keller: The Future of Computing, AI, Life, and Consciousness · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  41. But maybe future humans will have many identities that have some higher level organization but can actually do lots more things in parallel

    2021-02-18 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #162 – Jim Keller: The Future of Computing, AI, Life, and Consciousness · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  42. Now, if you're saying if we dedicated more hardware to holding information like 10 numbers or a million numbers, would that distract us from our ability to form those kind of singular identities?

    2021-02-18 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #162 – Jim Keller: The Future of Computing, AI, Life, and Consciousness · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  43. Yeah, it's hard to say because, like, your brain is clearly a parallel processor. 10 billion neurons talking to each other at a relatively low clock rate. But it produces something that looks like a serial thought process. There's a serial narrative in your head. But then there are people famously who are visual thinkers. Like, I think I'm a relatively visual thinker. I can imagine any object that rotate it in my head and look at it. And there are people who say they don't think that way at all. And recently I read an article about people who say they don't have a voice in their head. They can talk, but when they, you know, it's like, well, what are you thinking? They'll describe something that's visual. That's curious.

    2021-02-18 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #162 – Jim Keller: The Future of Computing, AI, Life, and Consciousness · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  44. And why can't we have a floating point processor that can compute anything we want and see it all properly? Like that would be kind of fun. And why can't we see in four or eight dimensions? Look, 3D is kind of a drag. Like all the hard mass transforms are up in multiple dimensions. So you could imagine a Rain architecture that, you know, you could enhance with a whole bunch of features that would be really useful for thinking about things.

    2021-02-18 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #162 – Jim Keller: The Future of Computing, AI, Life, and Consciousness · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  45. Imagine we could build a brain with 10 layers. Would that be better or worse? Or more connections or less connections? Or, you know, we don't know to what level our brains are optimized But if I was changing things like Like, you know, you can only hold like seven numbers in your head. Why not a hundred or a million?

    2021-02-18 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #162 – Jim Keller: The Future of Computing, AI, Life, and Consciousness · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  46. Way deeper. So that seems odd. And then when you're thinking, if the input generates a result you can lose, it goes really fast. But if it can't, that generates an output that's interesting, which turns into an input, and in your brain, to the point where you mull things over for days and how many trips through your brain is that, right? Like it's 300 milliseconds or something to get through seven levels of neurons. I forget the number exactly. But then it does it over and over and over as it searches. And the brain clearly looks like some kind of graph because you have a neuron with connections and it talks to other ones and it's locally very computationally intense, but it's also does sparse computations across a pretty big area.

    2021-02-18 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #162 – Jim Keller: The Future of Computing, AI, Life, and Consciousness · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  47. How would you do that? So, your brain is really weird. Like, you know, your cerebral cortex where we think we do most of our thinking is what, like six or seven neurons Like, that's weird. Like, all the big networks are way bigger than that.

    2021-02-18 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #162 – Jim Keller: The Future of Computing, AI, Life, and Consciousness · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  48. But the thing that understands the thing that's not explainable to us. Conceive the next one and like, I'm not sure why there's a limit to it. Your brain hurts. That's a sad

    2021-02-18 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #162 – Jim Keller: The Future of Computing, AI, Life, and Consciousness · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  49. Not explainable to us humans And actually, there's no reason that I can see all that even that's a limit. Like there's something beyond that. I mean, usually when you have this hierarchy, it's not like, well, if you have this step and this step and this step, and they're all qualitatively different and conceptually different, it's not the obvious way. You know, six is the right number of hierarchy steps and not seven or eight or.

    2021-02-18 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #162 – Jim Keller: The Future of Computing, AI, Life, and Consciousness · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  50. Might point out that there was two generations of physics before reasoning, habit. Like all animals, you know, know things fall and birds fly and predators know how to solve a differential equation to cut off an accelerating curving animal path. And then there was the gods did it. Right Right. So there's five generations now. 2.0 says programming things is not the last step. So there's going to be a physics Wolfram's

    2021-02-18 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #162 – Jim Keller: The Future of Computing, AI, Life, and Consciousness · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source