YouSaid · the spoken record

Keoki Jackson

lines on the record: 80
first: 2019-08-19
most recent: 2019-08-19
sittings or episodes: 1
sources: podcast

Every line below is reproduced as it was said and linked to the record it came from. Nothing here is summarised or generated. Directory · Search · Corrections

“Lockheed, Martin, we think of ourselves as a company that solves hard mission problems. And the output of that might be an airplane or a spacecraft or a helicopter or a radar or something like that. But ultimately we're driven by these, what is our customer? What is that mission that they need to achieve? And so that's what drove the SR-71, right? How do you get pictures of a place where you've got sophisticated air defense systems that are capable of handling any aircraft that was out there at the time, right? So that, you know, that's what yielded an SR-71.”
2019-08-19 · Lex Fridman Podcast · Keoki Jackson: Lockheed Martin · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Our fatal accidents and all. So that didn't happen by accident. It was through the regulatory agencies, FAA, the airframe manufacturers, really working on a system to identify root causes and drive them out.”
2019-08-19 · Lex Fridman Podcast · Keoki Jackson: Lockheed Martin · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“And it is, I think, always important to remind ourselves that humans are fallible, that the systems we create as perfect as we strive to make them, we can always make them better. And so another element of that culture of mission success is really that commitment to continuous improvement. If there's something that goes wrong, a real commitment to root cause and true root cause understanding, to taking the corrective actions and to making the system, the future systems better. And certainly we strive for no accidents. And if you look at the record of the commercial airline industry as a whole and the commercial aircraft industry as a whole, there's a very nice decaying exponential to years now where we have no commercial aircraft accidents at all. right”
2019-08-19 · Lex Fridman Podcast · Keoki Jackson: Lockheed Martin · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“These crashes obviously are there tremendous tragedies, they're tragedies for all of the people, the crew, the families, the passengers, the people on the ground involved. And it's also a huge business and economic setback as well. I mean, we've seen that it's impacting essentially the trade balance of the U.S. So these are important questions. And these are the kinds of, you know, we've seen similar kinds of questioning at times. Go back to the Challenger accident.”
2019-08-19 · Lex Fridman Podcast · Keoki Jackson: Lockheed Martin · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“The system to make sure that it behaves in predictable ways and then have this culture of continuous inquiry and skepticism and questioning to say, did we really consider the right realm of possibilities? Have we done the right range of testing? Do we really understand, you know, in this case, human and machine interactions, the human decision process alongside the machine processes? And so that's that culture that we call the culture of mission success at Lockheed Martin that really needs to be established. And it's not something, you know, it's something that people learn by living in it. And it's something that has to be promulgated. And it's done from the highest levels at a company of Lockheed Martin.”
2019-08-19 · Lex Fridman Podcast · Keoki Jackson: Lockheed Martin · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“So, and by and large, I'd say not just Lockheed Martin, but certainly the aerospace industry as a whole has developed a culture that does focus on safety, safety of life, operational safety, mission success. But as you note, these systems have gotten incredibly complex. And so they're to the point where it's almost impossible, you know, the state space has become so huge that it's impossible to, or very difficult to do a systematic verification across the entire set of potential ways that an aircraft could be flown, all the conditions that could happen, all the potential failure scenarios. Now, maybe that's soluble one day. Maybe when we have our quantum computers at our fingertips, we'll be able to actually simulate across an entire almost infinite state space. But today, you know, there's a lot of work to really try to bound.”
2019-08-19 · Lex Fridman Podcast · Keoki Jackson: Lockheed Martin · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Yeah, and this is a lot of things that have to happen By and large, I think it starts with the culture, right? Which is not necessarily something that A is taught in school or B is something that would come, I mean, depending on what kind of software you're developing, it may not be relevant, right? If you're targeting ads or something like that.”
2019-08-19 · Lex Fridman Podcast · Keoki Jackson: Lockheed Martin · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“That these systems will behave in ways that their operators can understand. And so this gets into that whole field. Again, being able to verify and validate that the systems have been and that they will operate the way they're designed and the way they're expected. And furthermore, that they will do that in ways that can be explained and understood. And that is an extremely difficult challenge.”
2019-08-19 · Lex Fridman Podcast · Keoki Jackson: Lockheed Martin · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“remotely exactly but still in that control loop and then there's what you'd call supervisory autonomy so the autonomous system is doing most of the work the human can intervene to stop it or to change the direction and then ultimately full autonomy where the human is off the loop altogether and for different types of missions want to have different levels of autonomy so now take that spectrum and this conviction that autonomy and more and more AI are in everything that we develop the kinds of things that Lockheed Martin does, you know, a lot of times our safety of life critical kinds of missions think about aircraft, for example. And so we require in our customers require an extremely high level of confidence. One that we're going to protect life, two, that we're going to”
2019-08-19 · Lex Fridman Podcast · Keoki Jackson: Lockheed Martin · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Autonomy. So we talk about autonomy essentially a system that composes, selects, and then executes Decisions with varying levels of human intervention. And so you could think of no autonomy. So this is essentially the human doing the task. You can think of effectively partial autonomy where the human is in the loop. So making decisions in every case about what the autonomous system can do.”
2019-08-19 · Lex Fridman Podcast · Keoki Jackson: Lockheed Martin · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Yeah, this is really an active area of research, and we're actually funding university research in a variety of places, including MIT. This is in the realm of trust and verification and validation of, I'd say, autonomous systems in general. And then as a subset of that, autonomous systems that incorporate artificial intelligence capabilities. And this is not an easy problem. We're working with startup companies. We've got internal R&D, but our conviction is that autonomy and more and more AI enabled autonomy is going to be in everything that Lockheed Martin develops and fields. And it's going to be retrofitting autonomy and AI are going to be retrofitted into existing systems. They're going to be part of the design for all of our future systems. And so maybe I should take a step back and say the way we define”
2019-08-19 · Lex Fridman Podcast · Keoki Jackson: Lockheed Martin · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Nondeterministic. It may be learning as it goes. In fact, we anticipate that it will be learning as it goes. And so that brings a whole new level of interest, I guess, into how do you do verification and validation of these non-deterministic learning systems in scenarios that may go out of the bounds or the envelope that you have initially designed them to.”
2019-08-19 · Lex Fridman Podcast · Keoki Jackson: Lockheed Martin · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Yeah, that's the beauty of this digital twin, if you will. And of course, with Lockheed Martin, we've over the past five plus decades been refining our knowledge of the space environment, of how materials behave, dynamics, the controls, the radiation environments, all of these kinds of things. So we're able to create very sophisticated models. They're not perfect, but they're very good. And so you can actually do a lot. I spent part of my career simulating communication spacecraft, missile warning spacecraft, GPS spacecraft, in all kinds of scenarios and all kinds of environments. So this is really just taking that to the next level. The interesting thing is that now you're bringing into that loop a system depending on how it's developed that maybe”
2019-08-19 · Lex Fridman Podcast · Keoki Jackson: Lockheed Martin · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Of the spacecraft, of its operations, all the test data, all the test data and flight data from previous missions to be able to look and see if there are anomalous conditions and tell the humans and potentially deal with that before it becomes a bad situation and help the astronauts work through those kinds of things. And it's not just dealing with problems as they come up, but also offering up opportunities for additional exploration capability, for example. So that's the vision is that these are going to take the best of the human to respond to changing circumstances. And rely on the best of AI capabilities to monitor these almost infinite number of data points and correlations of data points that humans frankly aren't that good at.”
2019-08-19 · Lex Fridman Podcast · Keoki Jackson: Lockheed Martin · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“One of the things we're working on is a system called Maya, which is you can think of it, so it's an AI assistant. In space, exactly, and think of it as the Alexa in space, right? But this goes hand in hand with a lot of other developments. And so today's world, everything is essentially model-based, model-based systems engineering to the actual digital tapestry that goes through the design, the build, the manufacture, the testing, and ultimately the sustainment of these systems. And so our vision is really that when our astronauts are there around Mars, you're going to have that entire digital library.”
2019-08-19 · Lex Fridman Podcast · Keoki Jackson: Lockheed Martin · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Are the kinds of things that ultimately, you know, and I'd say not just from dealing with anomalies, but dealing with new information. You see something and rather than waiting 20 minutes or half an hour, an hour to try to get information back and forth, but be able to essentially revector on the fly, collect different samples, take a different approach, choose different areas to explore. Those are the kinds of things that human presence enables that is still ways ahead of us on the AI side.”
2019-08-19 · Lex Fridman Podcast · Keoki Jackson: Lockheed Martin · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Yeah, it's a great question because I just have been extolling the virtues of robotic and rovers, autonomous systems, and those absolutely have a role. I think the thing that we don't know how to replace today is the ability to adapt on the fly to new information. And I believe that will come, but we're not there yet. There's ways to go. And so, you know, you think back to Apollo 13 and the ingenuity of the folks on the ground and on the spacecraft essentially cobbled together a way to get the carbon dioxide scrubbers to work.”
2019-08-19 · Lex Fridman Podcast · Keoki Jackson: Lockheed Martin · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“And that was what led to what we call the POGO stick collection, right? Where basically a thing comes down. It's only there for seconds does that collection grabs the essentially blows the regolith material into the collection hopper and off it goes.”
2019-08-19 · Lex Fridman Podcast · Keoki Jackson: Lockheed Martin · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Yeah, I mean, so part of it is just kind of the, you know, these are the same kinds of techniques we use here on Earth for high speed, high accuracy imagery, stitching these scenes together and creating essentially high accuracy world maps, right? And so that's what we're doing, obviously, on a much smaller scale with an asteroid. But the other thing that's really interesting, you put together sort of that neat control and data and imagery problem. But the stories around how we designed the collection, I mean, as a essentially, you know, this is the sort of the human ingenuity element, right? That, you know, essentially had an engineer who had a one day is like, well, starts messing around with parts, vacuum cleaner, bucket, you know, maybe we could do something like this.”
2019-08-19 · Lex Fridman Podcast · Keoki Jackson: Lockheed Martin · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“With the idea then that, and this is not too far away, it's going to go in, it's got a sort of a fancy vacuum cleaner with a bucket. It's going to collect the sample off the asteroid and then send it back here to Earth. And so we have gone from sort of those tentative steps in the 70s, early landings, video of the solar system. So now we've sent spacecraft to Pluto. We have gone to comets and brought and intercepted comets. We've brought Stardust material back. So we've gone far and there's incredible opportunity to go even farther.”
2019-08-19 · Lex Fridman Podcast · Keoki Jackson: Lockheed Martin · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Processing power, better AI systems, better cognitive systems and decision systems, you put that together with the human piece and we really opened up the solar system in a whole different way. I'll give you an example. We've got Osiris Rex, which is a mission to the asteroid Benu. The spacecraft is out there right now on basically a year mapping activity to map the entire surface of that asteroid in great detail. You know, all autonomously piloted, right?”
2019-08-19 · Lex Fridman Podcast · Keoki Jackson: Lockheed Martin · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“I don't want to minimize this. I mean, I'm excited about human exploration, but the reality is our technology and where we've come over the last, you know, 40 years essentially has changed what we can do with robotic exploration as well. And to me, it's incredibly thrilling. And this seems like old news now. But the fact that we have rovers driving around the surface of Mars and sending back data is just incredible. The fact that we have satellites in orbit around Mars that are collecting weather, you know, they're looking at the terrain. They're mapping, all these kinds of things on a continuous basis. That's incredible. And the fact that, you know, you got the time lag, of course, going to the planets, but you can effectively have virtual human presence there in a way that we have never been able to do before. And now with the advent of even greater...”
2019-08-19 · Lex Fridman Podcast · Keoki Jackson: Lockheed Martin · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“I think the big challenge is not so much to go, but to stay, right? And so we demonstrated in the 60s that you could send somebody up, do a couple of days of mission and bring them home again successfully. Now we're talking about doing that, I'd say, more to, I don't want to say an industrial scale, but a sustained scale, right? So permanent habitation, you know, regular reuse of vehicles, the infrastructure to get things like fuel, air, consumables, replacement parts, all the things that you need to sustain that kind of infrastructure. So those are certainly engineering challenges. There are budgetary challenges. And those are all things that we're going to have to work through. You know, the other thing, and I shouldn't.”
2019-08-19 · Lex Fridman Podcast · Keoki Jackson: Lockheed Martin · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Absolutely, absolutely. I mean, I think you know this, or you may know this There's a lot of ways to accomplish some of these goals, and so that's a lot of what's in discussion today. But ultimately, the goal is to be able to establish a base, essentially in cislunar space that would allow for ready transfer from orbit to the lunar surface and back again. And so that's sort of that near-term, I say near term in the next decade or so vision. Starting off with a stated objective by this administration to get back to the moon in the 19 or the 2024-2025 timeframe, which is right around the corner here. How big of an”
2019-08-19 · Lex Fridman Podcast · Keoki Jackson: Lockheed Martin · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“You know, there's a lot of energy that goes in those hops, right? So, uh, Think the first step is being able to get there and to be able to establish sustained bases, right? And build from there. And a lot of that means getting You know, things like the cost of launchdown, and you mentioned United Launch Alliance. And so I don't want to speak for ULA, but obviously they're working really hard to on their next generation of launch vehicles to maintain that incredible mission success record that ULA has, but ultimately continue to drive down the cost.”
2019-08-19 · Lex Fridman Podcast · Keoki Jackson: Lockheed Martin · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Yeah, I think the dream long term is to have a permanent presence in space beyond low Earth orbit, ultimately with a long-term presence on the Moon and then to the planets to Mars. Sorry to interrupt on that.”
2019-08-19 · Lex Fridman Podcast · Keoki Jackson: Lockheed Martin · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Absolutely. And that's a personal dream of mine. I haven't given up yet on my own opportunity to fly into space. But from the Lockheed Martin perspective, this is something that we're working towards every day. And of course, we're building the Orion spacecraft, which is the most sophisticated human-rated spacecraft ever built. And it's really designed for these deep space journeys, starting with the Moon, but ultimately going to Mars and being the platform from a design perspective, what we call the Mars base camp to be able to take humans to the surface. And then after a mission of a couple of weeks, bring them back up safely. And so that is something I want to see happen during my time at Lockheed Martin. So I'm pretty excited about that. And I think once we prove that's possible.”
2019-08-19 · Lex Fridman Podcast · Keoki Jackson: Lockheed Martin · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Various pieces of that mission as well. So that's what I grew up on these planetary missions, the start of the space shuttle era, and ultimately had the opportunity to see Lockheed Martin's part, and we can maybe talk about some of these here, but Lockheed Martin's part in all of these space journeys over the years.”
2019-08-19 · Lex Fridman Podcast · Keoki Jackson: Lockheed Martin · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Yeah, intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance aircraft that was designed to be able to outrun, basically go faster than any air defense system. But I'll tell you, I'm a space junkie. That's why I came to MIT. That's really what took me ultimately to Lockheed Martin. And I grew up. So Lockheed Martin, for example, has been essentially at the heart of every planetary mission, like all the Mars missions we've had a part in. And we've talked a lot about the 50th anniversary of Apollo here in the last couple of weeks, right? But remember 1976, July 20th, again, National Space Day, so the landing of the Viking lander on the surface of Mars, just a huge accomplishment. And when I was a young engineer at Lockheed Martin, I got to meet engineers who had designed, you know,”
2019-08-19 · Lex Fridman Podcast · Keoki Jackson: Lockheed Martin · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source
“Know that's a great question. There's a lot of things that I could draw in there. When you look at the skunk works and Ben Rich's book in particular, of course, it starts off with basically the start of the jet age and the P I had the opportunity to sit next to one of the Apollo astronauts, Charlie Duke, recently at dinner, and I said, hey, what's your favorite aircraft? And he said, well, it was by far the F-104 Starfighter, which was another aircraft that came out of Lockheed there. It was the first Mach II. Jet fighter aircraft. They called it the missile with a man in it. And so, those are the kinds of things that I grew up here in stories about. Of course, the SR71 is incomparable as kind of the epitome of speed, altitude, and just the coolest looking aircraft ever. So there's a conflict.”
2019-08-19 · Lex Fridman Podcast · Keoki Jackson: Lockheed Martin · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source