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Paul Stamets

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2018-10-11
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2018-10-11
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  1. “You really don't care about the mechanism of action. You just wanted to know whether you could overcome the virus or not. So we have found the antipox molecules. We have not yet found the anti-flu or the anti herpes molecules to date. And I have another really good example of specific to your original question of the mycellium being active against viruses.”

    2018-10-11 · The Tim Ferriss Show · #340: Paul Stamets — How Mushrooms Can Save You and (Perhaps) the World · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  2. “We worked with the University of Mississippi School of Pharmacy under Dr. Samir Ross. We did the biography fractionation over many years, and we have identified two new antipox molecules, morphoton than sidophavir, which is the preeminent comparative antiviral drug control, with less toxicity and more efficacy than cydophivira. That being said, there's clearly an upregulation of the immune system. And so what is the contribution of these molecules versus upregulating of the immune system is a combination of both. Is there synergism? Is there multiple molecules being engaged? Multiple immune pathways. This is where you can get lost, you cannot see the forest for the trees. If you end up focusing so much on the mechanism of action and don't see the result, if you are infected with one of these viruses,”

    2018-10-11 · The Tim Ferriss Show · #340: Paul Stamets — How Mushrooms Can Save You and (Perhaps) the World · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  3. “This is Tim where I have to draw the line because these are in vitro tests with human cells and taking through three different testing protocols to the point where the next test is in vivo model with an animal. So this is the best of pharmaceutical drug discovery that you can go through before you get it go to a living host. These are living human cells in vitro and not in vivo. In vivo means a small mammal, like a mouse, a rat, a monkey or a goes into human clinical studies. So these are in vitro tests. And DB, even though we have identified now the molecules that are active against smallpox,”

    2018-10-11 · The Tim Ferriss Show · #340: Paul Stamets — How Mushrooms Can Save You and (Perhaps) the World · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  4. “NPR and POCS. And you'll see a vetted press release interview on National Public Radio with me, the former Deputy Director of the FDA and the head of one of the research divisions of BioShield Biefense Program, Dr. Jack Seachris from Southern Research University. And then because I'm in competition with pharma and I'm a lone researcher, I'm a little company, and I thought, well, I checked into this and I already had this entomopathogenic fungi patents that were just tremendous achievements because the entire pesticide industry missed all that. So I thought, well, this is novel. I should protect myself. So I filed a patent on it. On a Garracon against viruses, particularly POx viruses, flu viruses, herpes, these are all the other results that we received. These extracts were highly active against multiple viruses, not just not box vir”

    2018-10-11 · The Tim Ferriss Show · #340: Paul Stamets — How Mushrooms Can Save You and (Perhaps) the World · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  5. “Finding that those three highly active results came from an old growth mushroom called Agaricon. Garracon is the longest living mushroom in the world, number one or number two, some debate about that. It grows exclusively in the old growth forest, Northern California, Oregon, Washington, British Columbia, and a few sky islands in Europe and the Alps, Slovenia, and Austria on larch trees. But it is an indicator species of an old growth forest. And those three antipox results came from three different separate strains of agaricon that had isolated from my many adventures in the old growth forest. So whoa, this has got people very excited. Now, I'd love to be taken to the mat. I'm reference driven. Okay, so anybody out there skeptical of this, you can do two things. You can Google my name, Stametz, National Public Radio.”

    2018-10-11 · The Tim Ferriss Show · #340: Paul Stamets — How Mushrooms Can Save You and (Perhaps) the World · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  6. “Of our extracts. Well, I mean, going through it, no activity, no activity. I get the sample number 78. High activity against POX viruses. And sample 81, high activity. Sample 88, high activity. Whoa, I mean, you're looking at not effective no results in the first 77 pages. It's pretty disappointing, then bam. I got really excited, so I called up my colonel Fort Dietrich, and I said, these results are amazing. It's exciting. And he goes, what results? I go, the results that Federal Express has delivered to me. He goes, you're not supposed to get those. I am. I said, I'll take a photocopy and I'll send them to you. He didn't appreciate the humor, but it was a very, very bizarre time and some very, very strange things occurred at that time. But we ended up...”

    2018-10-11 · The Tim Ferriss Show · #340: Paul Stamets — How Mushrooms Can Save You and (Perhaps) the World · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  7. “Etc., etc. So I ended up sending out sets of hundred of these samples. I mean, for me, this is a coup d'etat. I have government laboratories. They'll give me free research on my extracts. And so we started sending these out and didn't hear from them for a while. And you realized they're really disorganized. It was a new program. And I got a kernel. I love that you mentioned his name. He worked for Dietrich, you know, where they have smallpox and, you know, it's a bioweapons facility, biohazard facility, the U.S. government where they have the most pathogenic bacteria and viruses and other disease organisms. And so I had an MD person who was my controller. Federal Express one day, you know, about two months later after I submitted the extracts, deliberated this big package of research reports on anti-pox properties, smallpox properties.”

    2018-10-11 · The Tim Ferriss Show · #340: Paul Stamets — How Mushrooms Can Save You and (Perhaps) the World · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  8. “My article. I said, wow, there's some evidence here. They contacted me because I have a very large library. Now, it may sound large to people who don't have libraries. I have about 800 strains of different species of mushrooms, many of which collected from the old-growth forest. Now, some libraries have 20,000 cultures. So I'm small compared to them, but I'm private. I'm not a big institution. And so they said, well, listen, you've published some interesting articles here. There's some evidence. have been funded by Dick Cheney and George Bush. Ironically, I have a debt of gratitude to them with the BioShield Biodefense Program. It's called Project Biodefense, but then became known as the BioShield program. And so they elicited my support. And then I began to send them cultures, mushrooms, boiled in hot water, ethanol extracts.”

    2018-10-11 · The Tim Ferriss Show · #340: Paul Stamets — How Mushrooms Can Save You and (Perhaps) the World · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  9. “Yeah, well, there's a lot of examples of that. And so I published an article in the journal, a peer-reviewed journal called Herbalgram in June of 2001, summarizing all the literature that's been published on the antiviral properties of mushroom mycelium is a whopping one-page long with like six references. There's virtually very, very little out there. Well, that was in June of 2001, September 11th, 2001, 9-11 occurred. Very quickly, the greatest concern for the U.S. Defense Department and biosecurity was weaponizable viruses, pox viruses, anthraxes of bacterium. The anthrax attacks occurred a few weeks later. A group of researchers in the U.S. Defense Department were scavenging the literature song”

    2018-10-11 · The Tim Ferriss Show · #340: Paul Stamets — How Mushrooms Can Save You and (Perhaps) the World · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  10. “Two years ago is really phenomenal because I have patents on antiviral properties of mycellium and I have these patents on these antimopathogenic fungi for all insects and all diseases vectored by insects. It doesn't get bigger than that.”

    2018-10-11 · The Tim Ferriss Show · #340: Paul Stamets — How Mushrooms Can Save You and (Perhaps) the World · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  11. “And the reason why, and I end up licensing this to a group of investors and I got a million dollars. And so I like to tell my daughter she was very instrumental in this. And the licensing agreement had some limits on it. They had to take it to the market within five years or I pulled back the licensing agreement. And they didn't take it to market, so I pulled it back. And everything's actually quite friendly. But it's a little bit of a mystery why he did not make it to market. And I have a lot of conspiracy theories as to why it did not make it to market. I hesitate to mention those. But I was given a chunk of change and I was smart enough to realize that they can't question this. And that was a condition. This has to come to market. If it doesn't come to market, then I get the patent rights back. And now I've been issued nine patents on this. People can go to the US patent homepage and look them up. The latest patent that was issued on this.”

    2018-10-11 · The Tim Ferriss Show · #340: Paul Stamets — How Mushrooms Can Save You and (Perhaps) the World · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  12. “Zombie fungi, this is what they are. Some of them have a cordyceps representation. There's a little club fungi in Costa Rica and elsewhere in the subtropics. Many of the ants there are well known for the leaf cutter ants and other ants are known that if they get infected with this fungus, they climb to the top canopy of the trees and they lock their mantle underneath a leaf and boing a mushroom comes out of their head in their anus. And it sporulates in this way the fungus gets to sporulate in free air conditions high up in the canopy. So it causes uncontrolled behavior of climbing with these insects. So it's...”

    2018-10-11 · The Tim Ferriss Show · #340: Paul Stamets — How Mushrooms Can Save You and (Perhaps) the World · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  13. “Go left for the control, go right for the treatment. But we ended up doing four and five choice experiments where there was only one corridor or avenue that had the treatment and the other ones were all controls. So highly significant activity. And we found something that I can, my dream is be able to attract a locus plague into a 55 gallon drum. We can put these in foggers in Africa and just create a massive, huge, huge attractancy factor. The cool thing also is attractancy is not lethal. So that comes later. The infectious state of the mycellium, it grows, and then it penetrates the exoskeleton with a hyphal peg. It kind of anchors itself like a sticky little tongue. And then it dissolves the exoskeleton, the chitin, and then the hyphal peg invades into the body of the inside and then mummifies them. So these are many people heard about these.”

    2018-10-11 · The Tim Ferriss Show · #340: Paul Stamets — How Mushrooms Can Save You and (Perhaps) the World · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  14. “Property. Two sides of the same coin, the yin and yang of nature, is kind of harmonious in that sense. I like that. And we found that if we diluted the mycellio extracts on rice without the spores, these pre-conidial prespirating sectors that I described, we end up creating a super attractant, so powerful that when the attractant was diluted 500 to 1 with water, diluting the extract made it more potent in terms of attractancy. In one experiment, two drops of this pane of glass and fire rants walked directly to that place and then scratched at that place until they died, walking about a meter, creating a trail that other than fire ants would follow. So we have done this now with choice. They're called t-tests. We've done this with the t-tests are even better. t-test oftentimes is you know”

    2018-10-11 · The Tim Ferriss Show · #340: Paul Stamets — How Mushrooms Can Save You and (Perhaps) the World · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  15. “And I went, Oh my gosh, I just think I figured out a way to overcome the spore repellency property. So now this has been elaborated. We published an article in the journal Sociobiology, proving this was effective against subterranean termites, formosian termites. We've done experiments now with the USDA and other teams. Some of the biggest pesticide companies in the world, I'd have to check my NDAs to see if they're still covered or not, but everyone listening can imagine who they are. They tested this. It's effective against bed bugs, ants, termites, thrips, flies, mosquitoes, mites, phenomenal reach. And so I ended up finding something that is a super attractant. And basically the opposite of the spore repellency property is the mycellial attractancy.”

    2018-10-11 · The Tim Ferriss Show · #340: Paul Stamets — How Mushrooms Can Save You and (Perhaps) the World · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  16. “Going straight to the bathroom, she wanted to look at her Barberie doll dish. She went over there, turned the lights and was swarming with carpenter. It's like, oh my gosh, you've got to be kidding. And so she ran into our bedroom and said, Dad, Dusty, wake up, you've got to see this. So we fast forward. I'm making my espresso every morning hundreds of times. I get the vacuum cleaner out. I go to that spot and there's no sawdust. Carpenter ants were gone.”

    2018-10-11 · The Tim Ferriss Show · #340: Paul Stamets — How Mushrooms Can Save You and (Perhaps) the World · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  17. “But I had to go out in my laboratory to have enough mycellium to be able to treat the carpenter rounds. Gotcha. So, anyhow, I finally grew it out. I grew it on rice, and I made a big deal to my daughter, and I am so thankful to her for the reasons you're about to hear. And I made a big deal in the middle of summer saying, we're going to trick the carpenter rants. Because every morning I'm sucking up all the saddles. And so I asked her for her Barbie doll dish, which I still have. I'm going to mount it in her frame. And I put like 25 kernels of white mycellium on rice of this meterhyzium fungus without spores because they wouldn't go near the rice if it had spores. And I laid it out at around 8.30 at night in the summer afternoon or the summer evening. And I made a big deal of it and I got my daughter involved as a citizen scientist. She was only, oh my gosh, she was probably 14 at the time. And so then we went to bed. So thankfully, my daughter woke up at two o'clock in the morning and she rather than...”

    2018-10-11 · The Tim Ferriss Show · #340: Paul Stamets — How Mushrooms Can Save You and (Perhaps) the World · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  18. “Got that right. But I was motivated by not having spores in my laboratory, so I chased those white suctors. And they grow out in about a week or two weeks on a standard-sized petri dish. And then after about five or six, seven transfers, that white wedge got bigger and bigger and bigger. And pretty soon no spirulation.”

    2018-10-11 · The Tim Ferriss Show · #340: Paul Stamets — How Mushrooms Can Save You and (Perhaps) the World · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  19. “Growing on cheese, you want that flying around your laboratory because my oyster mushroom cultures or my shitaki cultures could become contaminated from airborne spores. So I cultured this out really quickly, and so the window of exposure was very short and I set up all these precautions. And then I'm culturing these fungi and then they grow out as green molds. And then I saw this white wedge, a V-shaped wedge that was all white. It had no sporulation on it. And I went, whoa. That's interesting. I looked up in scientific literature and everybody said, oh, the culture is losing the ability to reproduce. It is losing the ability to spoil. It is senescing. Avoid sectors. This is what they're called, these wedges or white sectors because that path of genetic will end up meaning the culture will die.”

    2018-10-11 · The Tim Ferriss Show · #340: Paul Stamets — How Mushrooms Can Save You and (Perhaps) the World · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  20. “They made bait stations around people's houses, the insects wouldn't go near those base stations because they sell the spores. And so the spore repellency property prevented these bait traps from going into market for preventing termites, fire ants, carpenter ants, moisture ants, all sorts of ants and termites are infected by cisporulating fungus metarisium. So I thought, well, I have a laboratory. I have very large laboratories. We produce about 50,000 kilos of mycelium of many different gourmet and medicinal mushrooms per week. And my environments are class 100 clean rooms. These are high-tech clean room environments using heap of filters, high efficiency, particular air filters. And the last thing I want is a spoilating mold in my laboratories. So I got these cultures and I was shocked at how much spores they were. It reminds somebody of a penicillin.”

    2018-10-11 · The Tim Ferriss Show · #340: Paul Stamets — How Mushrooms Can Save You and (Perhaps) the World · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  21. “According to some reports in the soil underneath your feet, it is everywhere. It is a dance of dinner and death between insects and fungi. Many insects eat fungi. Many fungi eat insects. The two of them don't like to be at the dinner table at the same time. So I ended up getting this fungus and I studied it. And the reason why I never came to market is for the spore repellency property. Now this is really important because these insects have realized that the scent of these spores meant that there's a disease threat to the colony. So the insects fastidiously clean themselves of these spores. So when these big companies like Bear and Dow and Syngenta tried to make bait stations using these spores, even though in the laboratory they could dust the insects with the spores and sure enough, five days later, they would kill the insects.”

    2018-10-11 · The Tim Ferriss Show · #340: Paul Stamets — How Mushrooms Can Save You and (Perhaps) the World · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  22. “Pathogenic means, of course, causing disease of insects. And this group of enthemopathogenic fungi that was particularly of interest and supported by scientific literature and with the encouragement of the EPA with a group of fungi in the genus Metarizium, so meta and rhizium, lots of mycelium, lots of rhizomorphs. And so I looked into this group of metarisium fungi, non-toxic to bees, non-toxic to fish, non-toxic to humans. And I got some of these fungi and I started growing them out. Now I started studying this and I got, well, this is really interesting. Why isn't this not available everywhere? Why isn't Lowe's and Home Depot and Walmart? Why aren't they selling this? Well, for a very good reason, the insects aren't stupid. When you see insects like carpenter ants and they're constantly cleaning themselves, they're trying to get the spores of this fungus off of them. It's the most common fungus.”

    2018-10-11 · The Tim Ferriss Show · #340: Paul Stamets — How Mushrooms Can Save You and (Perhaps) the World · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  23. “Carpenter ants are more nocturnal than they are active in the daytime. And so I'd make my espresso every morning. I'd look over to the palaceada, pull it to vacuum cleaner, vacuum it up. I did the next day and the next day and the next day. I do this for hundreds of days, realizing the house is getting more, less structurally sound with the carpenter hands munching them. And so I got to do something about this. I didn't want to use raid. I didn't want to use toxic insecticides because the war against nature in my mind is a war against your own biology and what's toxic to other organisms is likely toxic to you and this has been well founded now with lots of examples. So I went to the environmental protection agency homepage and I looked up a group of fungi that would attack ants and these are called entomopathogenic fungi. Now mouthful but entomo means insects.”

    2018-10-11 · The Tim Ferriss Show · #340: Paul Stamets — How Mushrooms Can Save You and (Perhaps) the World · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  24. “And I try to start this little business, and I live in a house that Dr. Andrew Weil said is the worst house he's ever seen anyone live in in North America. That's one statement. It was a flat house built with military surplus materials, and I had 12 buckets catching water from the flat roof. Why need to build a flat roof in Washington State with Army surplus materials is another question. But there are so many leaks that I just keep on putting up buckets. And then one day I remember there was a storm and the house fell like two or three inches and my wife goes, my God, the house is falling. I said, don't worry, dear. We don't have to fill the buckets as much because the water will run out faster. I was just trying to be able to be optimistic because I was afraid that she was going to get up and leave me because the conditions were so bad. But anyhow, I would be making my espresso in the morning and I look over in the corner and there's a pile of sawdust from carpenter rats. And I see them running around.”

    2018-10-11 · The Tim Ferriss Show · #340: Paul Stamets — How Mushrooms Can Save You and (Perhaps) the World · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  25. “Strange in the bewildering sort of Kafkaesque existence because we were shunned by the town. My mother went into religion. My dad went into alcohol. They both were self-medicating in a sense with those two avenues. But I got really good at helping my mom vacuum because she needed help and we didn't have the support team we had anymore. So I was always like tearing apart vacuum cleaners and borrowing parts and trying to help my mom in any way I could. So I vacuumed, vacuumed, vacuumed. I'm really still passionate about vacuuming. It's one of my, I'm a really good house husband. I like Washington dishes and vacuuming a lot. So how this worked segues in the carpenter answers is the following. So I grew up in this affluent environment. I came out to Washington State, became a logger.”

    2018-10-11 · The Tim Ferriss Show · #340: Paul Stamets — How Mushrooms Can Save You and (Perhaps) the World · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  26. “Everything. And we laid off over 400 people in the town. We're laid off. I'm going to school these kids and their parents are not very happy about what's happening. It was really devastating to us. My parents separated. We lived in this big house. Electricity was cut off. The water was cut off. I remember eating cat food. I was just so hungry. It gave me tremendous farts. But my mom was really desperate. My brother John went on to Yale. My brother Bill was at Cornell. And this is, you know, towards the end of their college experiences. And I was there home alone with my mother and my twin brother. And I just really had to step up their plate and help my mother as much as possible. I remember running a hose for my neighbors about 500 feet of hose just to get two or three PSIs so we could trickle feed into the toilet so we can flush them. It was really...”

    2018-10-11 · The Tim Ferriss Show · #340: Paul Stamets — How Mushrooms Can Save You and (Perhaps) the World · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  27. “So I grew up in a small town in Ohio, Columbiana, Ohio, very conservative town, about 5,000 people. And I grew up in a fairly wealthy household. The family had steel mills and sawmills. And we were affluent. We had 400 people in the town under our unemployment of a town of about 5,000. So the Stamis Enterprise Company, unfortunately, because of World War II, we bombed, you know, we bombed Japan, we bombed Germany, but they retooled, they rebuilt their factories. So they had modern factories after the war. In the United States, we didn't do that. And so the machine tool industry really fell apart in the early 1960s, a huge economic downturn. And so I was the best experience of my life was the fact that I grew up in a wealthy environment and then I was tender or 11 years of age. The entire financial empire collapsed. We lost everything.”

    2018-10-11 · The Tim Ferriss Show · #340: Paul Stamets — How Mushrooms Can Save You and (Perhaps) the World · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  28. “This is something very dear to my heart. So, well, I'm going to segue because there could be listeners out there who have children, and I'm going to tell their children through the story how vacuuming and helping your mother and your parents made me over a million dollars. And it ties into carpenter ants. So I grew up in a, so I need two minutes to set this up. We have all the time in the world.”

    2018-10-11 · The Tim Ferriss Show · #340: Paul Stamets — How Mushrooms Can Save You and (Perhaps) the World · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  29. “Without a fungi, and also why our best antibiotics that we have coming from fungi are very good at preventing bacteria from growing, but we have very, very few good antifungal antibiotics because of our close evolutionary history that are not toxic or highly toxic to us. So antifungal drugs are extremely dangerous. Those who've had immunosuppressants are well aware of this. And when you defeat the immune system of the human body using immunosuppressants for organ transplants and other reasons and medicine, you really, you're dancing with death because it's extremely damaging to your immune system that can hold many of these infections at bay.”

    2018-10-11 · The Tim Ferriss Show · #340: Paul Stamets — How Mushrooms Can Save You and (Perhaps) the World · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  30. “Was found in South African lava in the basalt, and it's 2.4 billion years old. The oldest representation so far in the fossil record of a multicellular organism. And these are mycellial networks. So the mycellium had its form long before we've had ours. And moreover, in Brazil, 115 million years ago, this is before the great extinction event that killed off the dinosaurs. And at that time, mushrooms also had their forms. So these mushrooms are really ancient organisms. They had developed their forms long before we had developed ours. We are descendant from these fungal networks. They are our progenitor ancestors. We are really descendants of fungi. This is why under the microscope, so many of our cells look so similar.”

    2018-10-11 · The Tim Ferriss Show · #340: Paul Stamets — How Mushrooms Can Save You and (Perhaps) the World · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  31. “Those nutrients that it needs, and animals went sort of overground, and we developed these digestive systems in a protective skin-enveloped structure or bodies. And then the mycelium continued course very happily developing underground. So with a divergence of fungi and animals is extremely well documented, but an extraordinary article came out just this past year. And this article, the Big Bang was about 13.8 billion years ago, the Earth formed around 4.5 billion years ago. The first unicellular organisms were found a few hundred million years later, but the first multicellular organism so far found the oldest one, is 2.4 billion years ago.”

    2018-10-11 · The Tim Ferriss Show · #340: Paul Stamets — How Mushrooms Can Save You and (Perhaps) the World · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  32. “I love this question. Well, you bring up a very good point. For almost 100 years now, the mycology departments were a subset of botany departments. When basically my social networks, when they hit the land from the ocean, many people don't realize some of the largest networks of mycelium in the world now have been discovered below the sediment layers of the ocean. There's vast mycellial networks throughout the entire ocean. There's lots of dead organic plant material that's falling down to the sediments and the mycelium is involved in gobbling those up. But from an evolutionary point of view, 650 million years ago, we chose the path of encircling our nutrients basically in a cellular sac, a stomach. The mycelium digest nutrients externally, if it is the enzymes and acids and other compounds that break down complex organic molecules and then absorbs those through the cell walls. The entire mycellial network is like a sponge. It absorbs selection.”

    2018-10-11 · The Tim Ferriss Show · #340: Paul Stamets — How Mushrooms Can Save You and (Perhaps) the World · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  33. “And then they, in the course of them eating them, they spread the spores. But the mycelium literally can be existent, not invisible. Invisible to us ridiculously stupid humans that are thundering giants upon these networks that are underneath their feet. But the mycelium really races behind us. And we're the biggest walking catastrophe that I know on the planet. And as we walk, we break wood chips, we leave impressions. Or the Mycelium is sensitive to those impressions of our footsteps. And as we create new debris fields, the mycelium reaches up behind our footsteps to gobble up that newly made material in competition with other fungi and other organisms.”

    2018-10-11 · The Tim Ferriss Show · #340: Paul Stamets — How Mushrooms Can Save You and (Perhaps) the World · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  34. “Before a single mushroom forms, mushrooms are highly perishable. They're like fish. In four or five days they mature and then they rot. And in doing so, they sporulate just before they rot and they attract insects that then help spread the spores. And birds come to fruit, the fruit of the tree like a peach, for instance, attracts insects and birds and then the peach pit or seeds of an apple or what other fruit are spread. So the fragrance of the mushrooms are beacons, fragrance beacons that emanate through the ecosystem. And these scent trails and entice animals that come to these bodaciously delicious free bodies.”

    2018-10-11 · The Tim Ferriss Show · #340: Paul Stamets — How Mushrooms Can Save You and (Perhaps) the World · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  35. “And they can be up to eight miles of mycelium per cubic inch. Now they only have one cell wall between their internal cells and the external environment. We have five or six skin layers that protect us from infection. The mycellium basically has one cell layer and yet is able to overcome the challenges of millions of microbes, many of which want to consume it and it navigates to create the largest organism on this planet. It's a myceliel mat in eastern Oregon over 2,200 acres in size. Now it's one cell wall thick and yet it's the largest organism on this planet and that's a testimonial to the immunological power of the mycelium and this vast underground network that is so central to habitat and human and plant health is something that we have really tapped into. So mushrooms come from mycelium. The mycelium can grow literally for decades.”

    2018-10-11 · The Tim Ferriss Show · #340: Paul Stamets — How Mushrooms Can Save You and (Perhaps) the World · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  36. “The mycelium is the underground network analogous to the roots of a tree, and the fruit bodies are the mushrooms. So they are produced as a reproductive structure long after many challenges on the path of growth in woods, underground, et cetera. The mycellial networks are vast. It's been called the proverbial tip of the iceberg. But just think of this as the mycelium navigates through a microbially hostile environment. Literally, there can be tens of millions of microbes per gram of soil. And the mycellial, these fine filaments that look like cobwebs are running underground. And this underground network is being challenged by all sorts of microbes. And as many people know, that bacteria like to eat fungi. That's why mushrooms rot. But the fungi are able to navigate with these mycelial networks only one cell wall thick.”

    2018-10-11 · The Tim Ferriss Show · #340: Paul Stamets — How Mushrooms Can Save You and (Perhaps) the World · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT

  37. “Well, that's an excellent question. Fungi, according to Oxford English Dictionary, with a J is the correct pronunciation. But fungi or fungi. So fungi is what us mycologists use? Though people from Spanish mycologists will use funji, Italian mycologists will say fungi, but English speakers, the standard pronunciation is fungi with a J.”

    2018-10-11 · The Tim Ferriss Show · #340: Paul Stamets — How Mushrooms Can Save You and (Perhaps) the World · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT