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Ted Gioia

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2019-11-06
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2019-11-06
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  1. Well, there was, but in fact, it was very interesting to go back and see this. For the first ten, twenty years of the twentieth century, if you wanted to sing about sex in a song, you would put a picture of black people on the cover of the sheet music. And the idea was that it was acceptable, you know, won't you come home, Bill Bailey? It's a song about an adulterous affair.

    2019-11-06 · Conversations with Tyler · Ted Gioia on Music as Cultural Cloud Storage · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  2. Well, that's a big question. I think that you look at the blue. It's definitely a music of anguish and tragedy and personal suffering, but from a completely different point of view, the Blues did other things as well. It broned our musical techniques. And also it was a music of lifestyle values. I tend to think that the Blues anticipated the sexual revolution of the 1960s. I mean, all the things that were sung about in blues music in 1920s were about these lifestyle excesses that didn't reach mainstream society for 40, 50 years.

    2019-11-06 · Conversations with Tyler · Ted Gioia on Music as Cultural Cloud Storage · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  3. And so it's hard to understand where the disruption is going to come from. I tend to think there will be a big disruption in music over the next few years, but it won't be a repetition of jazz or hip-hop or something from the past. There'll be something new coming at us, which will surprise us.

    2019-11-06 · Conversations with Tyler · Ted Gioia on Music as Cultural Cloud Storage · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  4. Well, rap music is also becoming formulaic. So, I mean, rap, I mean, it's interesting. 30 years ago, NWA did an album that was so dangerous, the FBI tried to shut down the record label. Nowadays, that same album has been enshrined as a national historical treasure by the Library of Congress. You know, the Smithsonian last year announced they were putting together a panel of 50 academics and scholars to come up with the official Smithsonian Guide to Hip Hop. Rap and hip-hop is also becoming streamlined and mainstreamed. And also you see, and this has been going on for a number of years, rappers to have really big sales team up with a pop star. So you have that melody, which is often very auto-tuned. And once again, very much this Pythagorean mathematical approach. There's people trying to tame hip-hop.

    2019-11-06 · Conversations with Tyler · Ted Gioia on Music as Cultural Cloud Storage · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  5. I think for a while it was being assimilated in popular music, but I believe that has stopped in the last five ten years. I would love to see some PhD student study hit records of different decades and figure out how frequently notes deviate from pitch and how that's changed over time. I think you would find an amazing reduction in that. So we're going back to this mathematical vision of music as everything is perfectly in tune and perfectly organized and perfectly aligned rhythmically. There's less syncopation in music. Everything is becoming regularized. Now probably the advent of digital technologies leads to it, but I think we need a new African infusion in our music that shakes things up and gets us away from mathematics and back towards sound.

    2019-11-06 · Conversations with Tyler · Ted Gioia on Music as Cultural Cloud Storage · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  6. If you go back, and of course it's hard to speculate on what music sounded like 2,000 years ago, but if you read the books, they are obsessed with tuning and scales. The music guides from ancient times are obsessed with tuning systems, and they tried to squeeze out sounds that didn't fit into the scale. So you had a reversal in the 20th century with the advent of black music, but now that's dying out. In many ways, just auto-tune, the idea is every note is going to be perfectly in tune. Or a lot of this digital music, everything is perfectly in tune. And the bent blues notes are disappearing.

    2019-11-06 · Conversations with Tyler · Ted Gioia on Music as Cultural Cloud Storage · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  7. That's interesting, and I think we're reversing this whole amazing process that happened during the 20th century. I like to think of the African influence as reversing what I call the Pythagorean paradigm, which emerged 2,500 years ago, where Pythagoras developed the first scales in Western music. But even more important, he developed this mathematical notion of music that every note came in a scale, every scale was tuned, and you always played in tune. We accept this so instinctively that we don't even think twice when you go to the orchestra, the first thing they do is tune up. The 20th century, with this infusion from blues and jazz, you could plain notes that were no longer in tune. You could bend the note. You could distort the sound. And this was an amazing reversal of two five hundred years of mathematical Pythagorean music.

    2019-11-06 · Conversations with Tyler · Ted Gioia on Music as Cultural Cloud Storage · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  8. Exciting and it sounds new and it doesn't sound cliched, but it's only because they're leaving the formula behind. Unfortunately, and this is the real mismatch in our society, the music industry rewards you for following the formula. That's how you get on radio. That's how you get a record contract. But in fact, the creative world rewards you for going into these intersections between the genres.

    2019-11-06 · Conversations with Tyler · Ted Gioia on Music as Cultural Cloud Storage · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  9. And I spend two to three hours per day listening to new music. One of the things I've observed is that the most creative music happening these days usually is at the intersections of different genres because the genres themselves have been overcome with the formula. As I said a little while ago, the formula is the curse. And so if you try to get on country radio, there's a certain set sound you imitate and it leads to this sameness. But there's amazing music being made in the intersection of the genres. For example, in jazz right now, there's amazing music happening in Los Angeles and London of musicians who are taking jazz music and contemporary music and dance beats and hip hop and RMB, even some other classical and folk ingredients. They're bringing it all together.

    2019-11-06 · Conversations with Tyler · Ted Gioia on Music as Cultural Cloud Storage · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  10. Well, I think there's a larger question there that relates to that. As you may know, I listen to lots of new music. Over the course of a given year, I'll listen to more than a thousand newly released recordings.

    2019-11-06 · Conversations with Tyler · Ted Gioia on Music as Cultural Cloud Storage · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  11. With irony or with a joke, and then around two thousand people will say 9-11 made this happen, but I think the roots were already before that, is everything changed. People now pride themselves on their frankness. I'm going to say it just the way it is. I'm going to say it right to your face. And so it goes from cool to hot. So back to your earlier question, when did jazz stop being cool? Well, as cool itself phased out, jazz lost a lot of its audience and jazz itself had to embrace more of a hot dynamic to thrive in the new setting.

    2019-11-06 · Conversations with Tyler · Ted Gioia on Music as Cultural Cloud Storage · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  12. I've got a larger theory, which is still very primitive about these 50-year cycles between hot and cool in society. I think we're in the middle of a hot phase right now. It's a culture of anger we live in. I mean, I don't think anyone can deny that. But I do believe that you had this birth of the cool with Miles Davis recording that around the year 1950, and for the next 50 years, we had a cool society in which cool jazz was at its peak. There was certain cool techniques that you used in your day-to-day life, which were irony, humor. You would deflect aggression.

    2019-11-06 · Conversations with Tyler · Ted Gioia on Music as Cultural Cloud Storage · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  13. Well, you know, cool stop being cool. You know, I wrote this book called The Birth and Death of the Cool a few years ago. And it was a shock to me because I was going to write a history of cool as sort of this timeless thing. People always want to be cool. And then as I was doing the research, I realized that in fact The cool ethos was something that had a beginning and an end and around the year two thousand cool became uncool.

    2019-11-06 · Conversations with Tyler · Ted Gioia on Music as Cultural Cloud Storage · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  14. They were scavengers, and they didn't try to kill the lion themselves. They let the lion kill the prey, then they would sing together to scare away the lion. And they would get the food. And so that tells you that back then, loud sounds were so rare that they were an amazing expression of power. Well, the thing to remember is even today loud sounds are an expression of power, notoriety. So you have competition in terms of sound, and the restaurants believe, and maybe rightly, that they're going to stand out with the noisier environment. Now, once again, I will avoid those restaurants. I'll go to the quiet one, but I really think you have, just there was the same way there was an arms race in the 1960s, there's a noise race in society right now.

    2019-11-06 · Conversations with Tyler · Ted Gioia on Music as Cultural Cloud Storage · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  15. Because they want to stand out. You know, it's interesting. You go back In my book, I talk about the very first musicians who are hunter-gatherers. And what they did was fascinating is back then there were no loud sounds. You could live your whole life in prehistoric times and maybe never hear aloud sound unless you went near like a waterfall or maybe during a thunderstorm but for the most part everything was quiet so that's why there's a plausible theory that the early hunter gatherers invented choral singing.

    2019-11-06 · Conversations with Tyler · Ted Gioia on Music as Cultural Cloud Storage · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  16. I believe this is, in fact, I got to say, I prefer the quiet restaurant, but I understand everybody else wants the noisy restaurant. And I do think we're going back to Renee Girard territory where everything's imitation, where you choose the restaurant not once the best food, but what other people are doing that I can imitate. And because of this, there are two restaurants on town. You go in the one with the most people. And so I think that imitative behavior patterns explain much more in society than we care to admit.

    2019-11-06 · Conversations with Tyler · Ted Gioia on Music as Cultural Cloud Storage · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  17. Because that really comes out of Sappho and it comes out of these what I call the three L's of female singing, the lullaby, the love song and the lament, always associated with women. And so the idea that women have a special place in musical culture, going back for thousands of years is something I take very seriously. And I think it's surprising, in fact, nowadays how much connection there is between the music women sing now and the origins of the music that came out of women thousands of years ago.

    2019-11-06 · Conversations with Tyler · Ted Gioia on Music as Cultural Cloud Storage · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  18. My book shows that again and again throughout history music were innovator, musicians, female musicians were innovators. And then once their work was assimilated by the broader society, these origins were hidden from view. And one of the reasons why women were innovators is because their music tended to tap more into the emotional power of music. If you go back to Plato, Plato, It's very clear that there are two kinds of music. There's a music that he favors which instills order in society. It sings the praises of great men and it brings people together for the social good. But he understood that there was a second kind of music that was really involved in personal emotion and self-expression. He associated that with women. And rightly so.

    2019-11-06 · Conversations with Tyler · Ted Gioia on Music as Cultural Cloud Storage · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  19. Well, gold is an amazing guy. You know, I don't know why he's forgotten. He's also a great composer. His composition should be resurrected. Occasionally I see someone play them, but a fascinating guy, and he's one of these people that was punished by being able to do too many things well because society wants to put you in a pigeonhole. I thought this in my own life. Society wants to put you in a certain pigeonhole that you just do this. And if you don't want to live in that narrow space, you're punished. And Golda was like that.

    2019-11-06 · Conversations with Tyler · Ted Gioia on Music as Cultural Cloud Storage · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  20. Shame and like. I think, okay, I will not dismiss the importance of someone's charisma and their personal magnetism and someone like Jim Morrison possess that definitely. And you have to give the doors credit for that. But if you were evaluating Morrison just on his songwriting skills, I don't think they hold up. It's funny, one of my favorite pianists, Friedrich Gold, did these theme variations on light my fire. And I just thought he was a brilliant musician, but that was just not the piece you could turn into theme in variations. It was even worse than Diabelli's melody that Beethoven worked with.

    2019-11-06 · Conversations with Tyler · Ted Gioia on Music as Cultural Cloud Storage · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  21. I would say Bob Dylan. I think that there's this mystical aspect of music in which it becomes very hypnotic, but it's also embedded in the culture. It's life-changing, it reaches on a personal level, but also has these broader social levels. I don't think anybody's brought that together better in my lifetime than Bob Dylan. And I was very happy when he won the Nobel Prize. I know purists were angry songs are not literature, but I believe if you go back to the roots, Homer was a singer. If you go back to the roots Sappho was a singer, the origins of literature is song. And so for someone like Dylan, he would capture that for me.

    2019-11-06 · Conversations with Tyler · Ted Gioia on Music as Cultural Cloud Storage · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  22. It prepared me for jazz, it really did. When I was a teenager, I was playing piano and this was the problem I faced. I liked rock because of its emotional immediacy, but it didn't have the sophistication I wanted. And then I loved classical music like Bach for the sophistication, but it didn't have the emotional immediacy. And I said, I need something that brings together both. And then I walked into a jazz club. Literally I walked into the lighthouse in her Mosa Beach, California, I was a high school student. I sat down, the music started, and within ten seconds I said to myself this is what I've been waiting for. You really know it was this epiphanal moment. So but before that it was Keith Emerson.

    2019-11-06 · Conversations with Tyler · Ted Gioia on Music as Cultural Cloud Storage · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  23. And then five years later, rock and roll changed everything with disruption. And they were like, how did this happen? But what they don't realize, people want disruption. The same thing happened in the 1970s. The early 1970s is the gentle singer songwriter. You could take those Carol King albums or James Taylor albums. You could play them for grandma. Grandma would love them. You couldn't have something that was more beautiful and had wider appeal, but people wanted disruption again. So the end of the 70s, you had punk rock, disco, New Wave. And the important thing to understand is not only is there disruption in music, people crave the disruption. So look at right now. Right now we're told that we've reached this happily ever after. Tech companies are going to use artificial intelligence to find the perfect song for every moment in our day. It will be curated. There'll be these wonderful feedback loops. Robots will create the perfect musical life. My belief based on my understanding of music history is that won't happen. There will be disruption.

    2019-11-06 · Conversations with Tyler · Ted Gioia on Music as Cultural Cloud Storage · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  24. You know, we'll do America's Got Talent. It would be funny if it wasn't so pathetic. I want to make one more observation, though. There are periods in music where it seems like there's a lull and that we've reached some happy endpoint. My historical research tells me that those happy endpoints never last. Take, for example, the rise of rock and roll five years earlier, the music industry thought they had it all solved. Oh, people want lifestyle music will do romantic ballads by Sinatra. They came out with mood music albums. They invented these amazing albums called Bachelor Pad albums back then and novelty songs. And the music industry nineteen fifty two-nineteen fifty three thought they had it all figured out. They thought they had reached the perfect song for every moment in your day.

    2019-11-06 · Conversations with Tyler · Ted Gioia on Music as Cultural Cloud Storage · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  25. Well, there's a certain irony here. The music business always prided itself on disrupting the culture, with some new sound, but the big thing in the last twenty years is the music business itself has been disrupted. They're on the receiving end, and tech companies in Silicon Valley have done the disrupting, and what they're disrupting is not the sound of music, it's actually the whole socio-economic setting of music. Now, you ask yourself, well, what did the music industry do to respond to this? What was their big innovation? And it's almost laughable. If you go back to the early years of this century when the internet was taking over music distribution and the music culture, the biggest innovation in music was, and this is sad to say, it was the TV reality show singing contest. I mean, this was the big innovation that the music industry used to respond to this complete disruption and everything else. Well, we'll do American eyes.

    2019-11-06 · Conversations with Tyler · Ted Gioia on Music as Cultural Cloud Storage · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  26. The most subtle Beetle Well, that's a hard one. I'm one of these strange chronologists who believe the Beatles just got better and better. And I think each album, you could make a case, each album is better than the last. So when you get to side two of Abbey Road for me and when they stitch together all these song fragments, these weren't even completed songs. These were just things they had been sitting on and they sound some way to bring it all together into this album in which they had a complete sweet to literally end their career on the album. To me, that's probably the epitome of both subtlety and artistic expression.

    2019-11-06 · Conversations with Tyler · Ted Gioia on Music as Cultural Cloud Storage · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  27. Where formula emerges and then everybody imitates the formula. And that's what deadens your musical culture is the repetition of the formula. And the Beatles for a period of five, six years made sure there was no formula. This is amazing. It never happened before. I probably will never happen again. But if you tried to imitate the Beatles in 1964, sixty five, you soon were out of date. For example, the monkeys tried to do exactly that. The monkeys imitated a certain beetle sound, but by the time the first episode was on TV, the beetles were already off to something else. So I do think you had this amazing period for five, six years where there was no set formula in the music business. It was an amazing time. I think we should enjoy it for what it was, but I don't think we should expect it to come back.

    2019-11-06 · Conversations with Tyler · Ted Gioia on Music as Cultural Cloud Storage · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  28. What happened in the 1960s is an anomaly. I don't think it will ever happen again. And what happened is you must give credit to the Beatles. Because everyone was imitating the Beatles and they changed their sounds every six months, every year. You know, people always tell me, well, do you like the high brown music and the low brown music? I said, No, no, the real conflict is not between high and low. The real challenge in music is the formula.

    2019-11-06 · Conversations with Tyler · Ted Gioia on Music as Cultural Cloud Storage · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  29. Well, I don't think that's true. I am not one of these Luddites. And I hear people in the music industry saying, oh, Tad, everything would be great if the internet would just go away. And the record labels wanted to make that happen. So they sued everybody. They sued Napster. In fact, I say that the record labels had their strategy, which I call the three L's, which was lobbying legislation and litigation. And I don't think those are strategies. The strategy they should have is the consumer experience. And I wish that the record labels had invested in new recording technologies, super vinyl, better technology for the listener instead of just suing everybody and trying to pass new laws.

    2019-11-06 · Conversations with Tyler · Ted Gioia on Music as Cultural Cloud Storage · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  30. And that's the real reason why I fear the growth of streaming is because the people involved in streaming don't like music. In fact, and this is amazing. The CEO of Spotify said, we're not in the music business. We sell subscriptions. We don't sell music. We sell subscriptions. That's very dangerous and that tells you that you have parties here that are going in completely different directions and it's not going to be good for the health of our musical culture.

    2019-11-06 · Conversations with Tyler · Ted Gioia on Music as Cultural Cloud Storage · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  31. There was a value chain in music started with a musician, worked for the record label, the records went to the record distributor, they went to the retailer who sold the record to the consumer. At that point, everybody in that chain had a vested interest in a healthy music ecosystem in which people enjoyed songs. The more people enjoyed songs, the better business was for everybody. That chain has been broken now. Apple would give away songs for free to sell devices. They don't care about the viability of the music sub economy. For them, it could be a loss leader. Google doesn't care about music. They would give music away for free to sell ads. In fact, they do that on YouTube. So the fundamental change here is you now have a distribution system for music in which some of the players do not have a vested interest in the broader musical experience and ecosystem. This is tremendously dangerous.

    2019-11-06 · Conversations with Tyler · Ted Gioia on Music as Cultural Cloud Storage · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  32. I'm well known as a critic of streaming. And I also believe that the economics of streaming are fundamentally flawed. But I don't believe it's going to go away. I do believe there's going to be a painful retrenching and downsizing. Already see Netflix, which has $15 billion in debt announced the other day. They're going to borrow $2 billion more. They've got a huge audience, but they can't even cover their cost. They've been negative cash flow every quarter for five straight years. Spotify still isn't profitable. I believe Spotify will become profitable, but they're going to do it by putting the squeeze on people. So musicians will suffer even more probably in the future than they have in the past. So what's good for Spotify is not good for the whole music ecosystem. Let me make one more point.

    2019-11-06 · Conversations with Tyler · Ted Gioia on Music as Cultural Cloud Storage · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  33. Long playing album, or Sony would invent the Walkman. That stopped. And so they handed technology off to Silicon Valley, which had very different reasons. They didn't want to increase the listening experience they wanted to sell devices or advertising. So I do believe that there's a fundamental change. People can, it's true, buy high degree audio equipment, but they don't because the companies in the music industry have stopped innovating.

    2019-11-06 · Conversations with Tyler · Ted Gioia on Music as Cultural Cloud Storage · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  34. I think the key thing is that the technology stopped advancing so people aren't excited about it anymore. I think it's very useful to go back and look at record companies in the 1930s, nineteen forties. RCA was the premier record company back then, but they were also the Apple computer of their day. RCA invented new microphones. They invented the 45 RPM single. They invented a lot of sound technologies and they did it to enhance the listening experience. A classic example in the 1960s, RCA really commercialized color television. The reason they did it is because they owned MBC. And they understood if you improve the technology for the audience, it will get people to consume the TV shows. What happened in the 1980s is record labels stopped investing in new technology. So the way Columbia would invest in.

    2019-11-06 · Conversations with Tyler · Ted Gioia on Music as Cultural Cloud Storage · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  35. On sound quality with the compressed sound. In fact, I would say that music is the only form of entertainment in which the technology has gotten worse during my lifetime. I go to movies now and it's this big screen and surround sound. Video games put the pong that I used to play to shame. TV is so good it's being called a golden age of television. But in music most of us listen to songs on these lousy handheld devices. Most people in my generation had better sound systems as teenagers than they do now. So that worries me more than the whole idea of how songs are written. I'm really concerned about the technology lessening the whole listening experience.

    2019-11-06 · Conversations with Tyler · Ted Gioia on Music as Cultural Cloud Storage · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  36. Well, that's right. You have to have people hold on for a few seconds in order for you to get your royalty from the stream so people have actually changed how they compose music to match the technology. But I will say that's always been the case to some extent. I do believe every kind of new technology changes how people sing and perform. Now, if you go back into the 1920s, the first really advanced microphones were developed, and this allowed people to sing differently. And so all of a sudden Bing Crosby comes along, he can use these new microphones and he can sing in a very whispery, conversational voice, which is very expressive. So if you compare, for example, recordings made in 1925 with 1935, a completely different way of singing took place. So we're going through the same thing right now. People are singing differently to Prosper on streaming sites. I don't think that bothers me as much as the economic impact of streaming and also just the impact.

    2019-11-06 · Conversations with Tyler · Ted Gioia on Music as Cultural Cloud Storage · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  37. Song in Hong Kong where the composer has to remain anonymous because it's so dangerous to have composed this song. And this is a good reminder of how powerful music is and it's not just diversion. You know, another example. Recently there was a rap song in Thailand that criticized the government, and this really shook up the politicians. And the funny thing is they tried to respond to it, and so the government released its own rap song, which of course was widely mocked and ridiculed, but it tells you that the people in position of authorities know that music conveys ideas, it conveys power, and it's just not idle entertainment. And one of the things I've tried to do in my history books, for example, is to show that, show that larger power of music.

    2019-11-06 · Conversations with Tyler · Ted Gioia on Music as Cultural Cloud Storage · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  38. There's a very prevalent view now that music is just diversion or idle entertainment. Stephen Pinker is the great exponent of this. He calls music auditory cheesecake, and he'll tell you that music is just for brain stimulation. And so, for example, I would listen to a song the same way I might drink a martini or use recreational drugs. I really think this misses the point. I do think music is embedded in ideas and culture and takes place in the world at a much more intricate level than Pinker understands. You know, for example, hardly a week goes by when I don't read about a musician somewhere in the world getting into trouble with politicians. Now, Putin will try to stop a group from performing, in Saudi Arabia, somebody will be thrown into prison for a song. Recently, the Hong Kong protests have used music very actively. I just read the other day about a protest.

    2019-11-06 · Conversations with Tyler · Ted Gioia on Music as Cultural Cloud Storage · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  39. What people don't understand is that for most of history music was a kind of cloud storage for societies. I like to tell people that music is a technology for societies that don't have some iconductors or spaceships. And if you go to any traditional community and you try to find the historian generally, it's a singer. And music would preserve culture, it would preserve folklore. Well, nowadays we rely on cloud storage to be the preserver of these same things. And so I think there's a strange shift. Both we rely on the cloud to preserve our music, but also we no longer rely on music to preserve our culture. This is potentially a dangerous thing because it could create a situation where our musical lives grow more and more distant from our actual social lives with the people around us and our larger community.

    2019-11-06 · Conversations with Tyler · Ted Gioia on Music as Cultural Cloud Storage · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source