YouSaid · the spoken record

BHUTTO

lines on the record: 226
first: 1960-09-24
most recent: 1965-09-24
sittings or episodes: 4
sources: un-general-debate

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“This principle was finally embodied in Article 1, paragraph 2 of the Charter, which provides that one of the purposes of the United Nations is: "To develop friendly relations among nations based on respect for the principle of equal rights and self-determination of peoples, and to take other appropriate measures to strengthen universal peace". 110. The principle was also enshrined in Articles 55, 73 and 76 of the Charter. It was upheld in the Declaration of the Bandung Conference of 1955, in the Charter of the Organization of African Unity, and in the Declaration of the Second Conference of Non-Aligned Countries in 1964. 111.”
1965-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 20 (1965)
“The emergence of Norway in 1905, and of Poland, Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia after the First World War; the incorporation of Schleswig in Denmark and of the Saar in Germany — these are outstanding examples which attest to the universal recognition of the principle of self-determination. 109. It was against this background that the right of peoples to self-determination was proclaimed in the Atlantic Charter of 14 August 1941, the United Nations Declaration, signed in Washington on 1 January 1942, the Moscow Declaration of 30 October 1943, and the Cairo Declaration of 26 November 1943.”
1965-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 20 (1965)
“The first and the foremost is the right of self-determination of the people of Jammu and Kashmir. The second issue is the sanctity of international agreements, especially those brought about by the United Nations itself. The third is the effectiveness of the United Nations in securing pacific settlement of international disputes. 107. I need hardly emphasize that the principle of self-determination is an integral element of the international order embodied in the United Nations. Indeed, being older than the United Nations, it is basic to the political civilization which this Organization seeks to represent. 108. This principle was the basis of many territorial settlements achieved in Europe from the middle of the last century which have proved enduring.”
1965-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 20 (1965)
“They uphold the principle that you cannot settle a problem pertaining to a people if you by-pass that people, ignore that people; and they affirm that in this post-colonial age we cannot sanction a new colonialism — that of India's domination in Jammu and Kashmir. 105. The attitude of these Governments is a proof that the old categories, the facile classifications, of the cold war are now obsolete. Some of these Governments are aligned, some are non-aligned. In both cases they have shown that, to them, the considerations of justice and fairness come before all other considerations. 106. Since the whole world has been concerned with the failure thus far to resolve the Jammu and Kashmir dispute, I must refer to at least two or three basic issues involved in it.”
1965-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 20 (1965)
“From this rostrum permit me, on behalf of the Government and people of Pakistan, to pay a lasting tribute to the President of Indonesia, to the Government of Indonesia and to the great people of Indonesia, who gave us brave and unstinting support in our moment of need and crisis. The people of Pakistan shall not forget the many proofs of true friendship given by the Indonesian President. The bonds that bind our two peoples have been tempered by this crisis and have become stronger than steel. 104. These countries and peoples have given us their support because ours is not a local or a parochial cause. In supporting us, they support one of the main objectives of the United Nations: peace with justice.”
1965-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 20 (1965)
“I should like in particular to mention that in our hour of peril we were not forsaken by our brothers in Iran and Turkey; we were not forsaken by the great bloc of Arab countries, stretching from the great ocean of Asia and Africa to the Atlantic Ocean, to which Pakistan is linked, let me say, not merely by ties of religion and of common culture but by common adherence to the idea of justice and peace; and we were not forsaken by our great neighbour of the north, the People’s Republic of China, which gave us full moral support and, rising high above ideological differences, upheld the cause of righteousness to condemn the war of aggression launched against us by India. 103. To the Government and people of Indonesia I should like to address a special word of thanks — that great nation of 100 million people unrepresented in this Assembly.”
1965-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 20 (1965)
“Who except India could be so purblind as to deny that the problem of Jammu and Kashmir, the problem of the life and future of 5 million human beings, the problem that has twice led to war between India and Pakistan and that threatens the future of 600 million people, needs now to be settled on a just and permanent basis? 102. It is because the Kashmir dispute so clearly involves principles of the widest human scope that Governments and peoples everywhere have supported Pakistan in the crisis which we are facing today. I should like to take this opportunity, on behalf of my country and my people, to express in this forum our deep and heartfelt gratitude for the moral and material support extended to Pakistan by many countries of the world.”
1965-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 20 (1965)
“The war with India is not of our seeking. It is a war of self-defence against an armed attack launched on our borders without warning on the morning of 6 September and aimed at the seizure of Lahore, our second largest city and the very heart of Pakistan. We are defending the integrity of our territory and the sanctity of the right of self-determination for the people of Jammu and Kashmir, which the Government of India has denied them, despite its promises and pledges to them, for the past eighteen long years. Those two principles are inseparable. We can no more surrender the one than forsake the other. 101. We find that impartial world opinion — the opinion that transcends the pressures and postures of power political — has awakened to the need for a just and final settlement of the Jammu and Kashmir dispute.”
1965-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 20 (1965)
“Either the United Nations moves forward towards greater effectiveness or it is bound to be overtaken by events. If the world continues to stand by and allow this to take place, it will in fact be guilty of unpardonable shortsightedness. 99. The world has been deeply concerned over the conflict between India and my country. This has found expression in the statements of speakers in this debate. Though there might be a difference of emphasis in their statements, there are two thoughts that are common to them: first, sorrow at this conflict; second, the conviction that the cease-fire this time must lead to a final settlement of the grave political problem underlying the conflict, namely, the future of the State of Jammu and Kashmir, which is in dispute. Pakistan shares both these feelings and this conviction. 100.”
1965-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 20 (1965)
“In these crucial times, when developments are taking place which might well prove decisive to the entire future of humanity, it is highly regrettable that China has been excluded so far from the United Nations; but, if this exclusion continues, the United Nations will find itself powerless to apply itself effectively to international problems, particularly to those in Asia. At a time when the need for strengthening the United Nations is advocated, it is ironical that the one logical and most important step in that direction, namely the seating of the representative of the People's Republic of China in this Organization, has yet to be taken. Our experience in recent years has proved conclusively that the United Nations without the People's Republic of China is as incomplete as a triangle with two sides.”
1965-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 20 (1965)
“We feel confident that our efforts will receive commendations and encouragement. The greater cohesion of Africa and Asia and their freedom from exploitation and domination will be a powerful insurance against future conflict. 98. No discussion of the scheme of things in Asia and Africa would be complete without a reference to the People's Republic of China. In fact, the lack of Chinese participation lends a distinct air of unreality to our deliberations even in this world Organization.”
1965-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 20 (1965)
“It is now that we need to make a determined effort to prevent developments from taking place which could lead to a confrontation between the resurgent forces of Africa and Asia on the one hand and the more powerful countries of the world on the other. 97. The countries of Africa and Asia met in Bandung over ten years ago. On that historic occasion they demonstrated their collective desire to establish norms of co-operation and international conduct which have been acclaimed throughout the world. The Bandung principles represent a landmark in the evolution of an orderly international society. The concept of African-Asian solidarity is not exclusive or parochial. Its objectives are humane. It our profound belief that in attending to our fundamental needs we promote the cause of world peace and cooperation.”
1965-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 20 (1965)
“The dynamics of the present world situation are such that classification in terms of exclusive influence becomes futile. Events tend to bring about rapid shifts of gravity. Realities transcend political alignments and groupings. 96. While promoting the growth of the African-Asian personality, the peoples of Africa and Asia are mindful not only of their own needs. They are also anxious to avoid the conflict and strife which could neutralize their national efforts, increase global tensions and jeopardize the very purpose and justification for the momentous changes that have taken place in recent times.”
1965-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 20 (1965)
“A progressive equilibrium needs to be established between norms of international conduct and the need to accommodate maximum diversity. The physical and human realities of Asia and Africa make it imperative that unity should be sought through diversity. The need for tranquillity is paramount for the countries of Asia and Africa to enable them to secure for themselves an orderly transition. They must be free to reach their own equilibrium and find their own levels. They must be assisted in a constructive manner to consolidate their political independence through economic and social emancipation. The international community should be mindful of its responsibilities. It should recognize that it is no longer possible to think in terms of spheres of influence.”
1965-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 20 (1965)
“93. Mr. President, I should first of all like to congratulate you on your election to the presidency of the Assembly. We count it a good fortune of this Assembly to have your guidance. Your personal stature and renown and the fact that you represent a country with which Pakistan has friendly ties are a source of special gratification to us. 94. The outstanding development of the present century is the emergence of the peoples of Africa and Asia from an era of colonial domination. There are no two opinions about the need for completing this process of emancipation by liquidating the remaining vestiges of colonial rule wherever they might still exist. 95. The question that the world community has to face is how to reinforce the principle of equality and the recognition of diversity in the attitudes of Member States.”
1965-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 20 (1965)
“We are also confident that the countries of Africa and Asia will draw a lesson from history and proceed to take concrete steps against the continuance of inequality and injustice, which has bedeviled the history of man from time inmemorial. 137. In making those assertions, my delegation is fully conscious of the fact that this is indeed the rostrum from which such a declaration should be made, as the Asian and African Member States constitute the majority of the United Nations. It is in this understanding that we appeal to our fellow Member States without exception to lend their support and give their blessing to the second Asian-African conference, which has set itself a historic purpose of such great significance. In so doing, they will be expressing their own dedication to the high purposes and the lofty ideals of the United Nations.”
1964-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 19 (1964)
“My delegation considers it a privilege to announce to this forum, with full confidence, that the forthcoming conference in Algiers will not only be a milestone in our contemporary history; it will herald the birth of a mighty force which will be wielded for the collective good of humanity at large; it will seek to eliminate the last remnants of colonialism from our region; it will be animated by a spirit of dedication to the progress and development of freedom and justice for all, without exception. We have faith that the second Asian-African conference will lay the foundation of a new spirit, a new force, resolute and determined to work for the collective aspirations of the entire human race.”
1964-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 19 (1964)
“It has been our sincere endeavour over the years to seek a settlement with honour and justice, and thereby protect not only ourselves but our region. 136. There are forces in Africa and Asia which are positive and represent the wave of the future. Asia and Africa are no longer passive and sterile, led one way or the other, according to the dictates of great-Power politics. They have emerged with a distinct personality of their own. Notwithstanding the brief period that has elapsed since their emancipation, they are not only prepared bat determined to play their rightful role in shaping and making their fullest contribution to the welfare of the world community. The historic Bandung Conference played a decisive role in giving substance to the Asian-African personality.”
1964-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 19 (1964)
“In the context of the complexities of the present international situation, India is pursuing policies which will lead us headlong into clash and into an era of darkness and strife. It is our solemn duty to make every possible endeavour to prevent this. And I should like to assure the Assembly that Pakistanis determined to spare no effort to resist, and fight against this threat. 135. In conclusion, I would remind this great Assembly that it is necessary, in the interest of world peace, to undertake the task of arresting this rapid deterioration. For in the twentieth century no country stands alone in fighting tyranny. The African-Asian world in particular is conscious of the dangers that might flow from this deplorable situation.”
1964-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 19 (1964)
“By the end of last year, more than 50,000 had already returned and been settled in their homes and restored to their properties. There can be no clearer proof of the policy of justice and generosity which the Government of Pakistan is following with regard to the minorities in Pakistan. 133. By contrast, the fate of the 50 million Muslims and of the other minorities in India is constantly in the balance. It is not only the Hindu revivalist parties which openly advocate an exchange of population between India and Pakistan on religious grounds, but eminent leaders as well. Speaking in the West Bengal Legislative Council, the Provincial Chief Minister, Mr. P. C. Sen, stated that the total evacuation of Hindus from East Pakistan over a period of five years was possible. 134.”
1964-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 19 (1964)
“Eviction of Muslims from India has caused alarm and uncertainty among the 50 million Muslims of India and resentment and bitterness in Pakistan. There are 10 million Hindus in Pakistan. It has been the policy of the Government of Pakistan to make sure that the minorities are enabled not only to live in peace and security but to flourish and prosper as honoured citizens of the country. It is a matter of the deepest regret to Pakistan that, as a result of the continuing tension between the two countries and the large-scale rioting which took place in various parts of India last year, some disturbances broke out in East Pakistan and a number of Hindus were led by their fears to flee the country. I am happy to say that many of those persons have now returned to Pakistan and many more are returning.”
1964-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 19 (1964)
“That offer was repeated to the Indian Government when the Home Ministers of India and Pakistan met last year to discuss the question of the treatment of minorities in the two countries and the eviction of Muslims from India. The Government of India turned down that eminently reasonable proposal on the ground that it would infringe upon its sovereign right to decide the nationality of its citizens. 131. Now it is true that the right to determine whether a person is a national of a certain country must rest prima facie with that country. In the present case, even if the matter were to be considered in purely legalistic terms, India has no right to determine unilaterally that the persons involved are Pakistanis and then to push them across the border into Pakistan. The matter is not one which ought to be dealt with in that way. 132.”
1964-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 19 (1964)
“It is indeed a sad commentary on the much-vaunted secularism of Indian society and its political institutions that every one of the persons expelled from India as an alleged infiltrator is a Muslim. 130. I said in this Assembly last year that Pakistan was prepared to accept the determination by an impartial tribunal, or some other body under international auspices, as to whether the persons expelled as infiltrators were equally Pakistani citizens, as alleged by India, or whether they were Indian citizens who had been turned out from their ancestral homes, deprived of their means of livelihood and evicted for no other reason that that they practised the religion of Islam.”
1964-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 19 (1964)
“The Government of India was invited to send its representatives to sit on that commission, but it refused to do so. The commission examined a large number of evicted families, and on the basis of documentary and other evidence, it found that the vast majority of the so-called "Pakistani infiltrators" evicted by India were in fact Indian Muslims who owned properties, earned their livelihood and in many cases had voted in the elections in India. Those findings have been borne out by the Jamaat-ul-Ulema-i-Hind, an Indian political organization, and by General Cariappa, former Commander-in-Chief of India, who came to East Pakistan last autumn and personally visited relief camps where the evicted Indian Muslims have been temporarily housed by the Government of East Pakistan.”
1964-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 19 (1964)
“The purpose is clearly to maintain a continuous and overwhelming pressure on the eastern half of Pakistan, a part of the country which already has one of the highest densities of population in the whole world. 129. The plight of the evicted Indian Muslims, ejected from their homes, deprived of their goods and property, and forcibly pushed across the Indian border into East Pakistan on the unfounded charge that they are "Pakistani infiltrators", presents a spectacle of inhumanity. They are a source of grave tension. The Government of Pakistan has done everything possible to avoid a conflagration. A commission of inquiry, headed by a retired judge of the Dacca High Court was appointed by the Government of Pakistan to examine the national .status of those persons.”
1964-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 19 (1964)
“The world at large, however, has yet to recognize the gravity of the situation caused by the deliberate and inhuman policy of evictions by the Government of India, a policy perpetrated against its own people, which has already resulted in the entry into Pakistan of nearly a million Indian Muslims. For India it is not enough merely to acquire vast quantities of military aid to intimidate its neighbours. It is prepared to use innocent lives, even of its own citizens, if they can be employed as an instrument for exerting additional pressure. In this case the victims are the Indian Muslims. The callous and inhuman treatment being meted out to these Indian Muslims merely because they follow the faith of Islam, the same faith as the majority of the people in Pakistan, is a blot on the conscience of civilization.”
1964-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 19 (1964)
“I want to declare with all the emphasis at my command that India's attempt to pursue its policies of national chauvinism in flagrant violation of its international commitments and in open contempt of the principle of self-determination, which is an article of faith with nations and with men of goodwill throughout the world, will and must be frustrated. A dangerous situation is being created in south and South-East Asia by India's attempt to set itself up as a successor to a colonial regime. This represents an attempt to reverse the entire history of the liberation of peoples from the colonial yoke and their struggle for national independence, which has become enshrined in the conscience of our times. 128. My country has had to contend with the declared ill will and active hostility of India at every turn and corner.”
1964-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 19 (1964)
“India is following a deliberate policy of denial of the right of self-determination not only in the case of Kashmir, but in its suppression of the valiant tribesmen of Nagaland. As the whole world is aware, this is not an isolated phenomenon where the Government of India is concerned. It is only a manifestation of an earlier trend, which was demonstrated by the fall of India's heavy hand on the people of Hyderabad and Janagadh, any by a deliberate and ruthless policy of animosity against Pakistan which the Government of India initiated and has followed relentlessly from the birth of Pakistan up to this moment. 127.”
1964-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 19 (1964)
“The Government of India, having failed to silence the voice of the people of Kashmir, was obliged to set free Sheikh Abdullah, who for long years had languished in Indian gaols for no other fault that that he had spoken up for the right of his people to self- determination. 125. Today, as the latest Indian puppet postures on behalf of his masters, the Government of India has cast aside all pretensions, and is preparing to absorb Jammu and Kashmir into India by imposing upon it the direct rule of the President of India. This latest defiance of obligations is a clear indication of the lack of sincerity which characterizes India's relations with its neighbours, and in particular with Pakistan. 126.”
1964-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 19 (1964)
“Pakistan is equally prepared to submit to the opinion of the International Court of Justice, or the arbitration of any other agency, by mutual agreement, the differences that stand in the way of implementation of the United Nations resolutions on Kashmir. What Pakistan cannot and will never accept is that the people of Kashmir should be deprived of their birthright and be held in bondage under alien rule. 124. In occupied Kashmir, repression increases as revolt and resentment grow. The meeting of the plebiscite Front, held in November 1964 at Sopor in occupied Kashmir itself, reaffirmed the determination of the people of Jammu and Kashmir to continue their struggle until the right of self-determination is achieved and the intruder expelled from their homeland.”
1964-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 19 (1964)
“Each one of these proposals was designed to meet the objections raised by India to the implementation of the United Nations resolutions on Kashmir. But even though every single proposal was accepted by Pakistan, none could be put into effect because of India's refusal to accept any conditions under which the people of Jammu and Kashmir would be enabled to exercise, in a truly free manner, their right to decide the future affiliation of the State. 123. On many occasions, we have held bilateral talks with India. Pakistan is even today ready to discuss with India the modalities by which the people of Jammu and Kashmir may exercise their right of self-determination.”
1964-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 19 (1964)
“"(f) The members of the Council expressed the hope that, in the light of our recent debates, the two countries concerned would resume their contacts in the near future with a view to settling their disputes, particularly that centring upon Jammu and Kashmir, by negotiation." 122. Pakistan has at no moment shown any reluctance to hold bilateral talks with India for the settlement of the dispute about Jammu and Kashmir. In the seventeen years during which this problem has festered and grown bitter more than a score of suggestions have been made by eminent mediators and conciliators appointed by the United Nations in order to bring the parties together and move the dispute towards a final solution.”
1964-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 19 (1964)
“It was the unanimous view of Members that both parties should meet in order to reach a just and honourable settlement erf the problems that have prevented the solution of the Kashmir dispute for so long. In his summing up on 18 May 1964, the President of the Council, Mr. Seydoux of Prance, speaking on behalf of the members of the Council, addressed both parties as follows: "(e) The members of the Council expressed the hope that the two parties would abstain from any act that might aggravate the situation and that they would take steps calculated to re-establish an atmosphere of moderation between the two countries and peace and harmony between the communities.”
1964-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 19 (1964)
“I do so because Jammu and Kashmir is, above all, a test of the ability of the United Nations to live up to its own high purposes and to meet the challenge to international order and law by States which will set themselves above the law. The case of Jammu and Kashmir is not the only one in which a Member State has flouted the resolutions of the United Nations and persistently refused to honour its obligations under the Charter. Kashmir is only the most insidious instance of the way in which the very purpose of the United Nations Charter may be defeated by bad faith, on the one hand, and expediency and power politics, on the other. 121. Members are aware that this problem, which has been before the Security Council now for years, was again considered last year by that body, at the instance of Pakistan.”
1964-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 19 (1964)
“This is indeed a matter of serious concern not only for Pakistan and India, but for the whole of Asia and Africa, since it represents a positive danger of outside domination and influence. I do not wish to labour the point, but I would emphasize the need to refrain from military interference in Africa and Asia in the interest of world peace. 120. If, in this connexion, I refer to Jammu and Kashmir, it is not only because the problem of Kashmir is closest to the heart of Pakistan and because it affects the lives and the well-being of the hundreds of millions who inhabit the sub-continent of Southern Asia, nor even because the peace and security of that region are affected by the continuance of this increasingly bitter dispute.”
1964-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 19 (1964)
“It is imperative that India be restrained from involving the great Powers in an arms race in the region of the Indian Ocean. It is not only in the context of India's contemporary aggressive postures and the record of its recent conduct that Pakistan and other neighbouring countries feel alarmed. There are historical reasons why the introduction of an arms race in the area causes serious disquiet. It is a historical fact that the British Empire in India was the direct result of conflict and turmoil among the peoples of this area, who were helped to wage war against each other by the British East India Company and its French rivals. The adventures of Clive and Dupleix must not be re-enacted in the twentieth century.”
1964-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 19 (1964)
“Even in this respect, the Indian proposal strikes at the roots of mankind’s urge to restrict, and possibly to eliminate, the proliferation and presence of nuclear weapons. Where we, the nations of Asia and Africa, intend to reduce tensions, India seeks to add tension to tension. Whereas we desperately need disarmament, India embarks upon rearmament. Where we want peaceful settlement of disputes, India seeks to resolve them by force. 118. What is needed is a fresh and sincere effort at a general settlement which would attack the problem of international security both from the points of view of armaments and from that of the settlement of disputes and differences which are a potential threat to peace and likely to lead to war. 119.”
1964-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 19 (1964)
“My country is a signatory of the test ban Treaty and we have always hoped that conditions will be created under which the testing of nuclear weapons in all environments can be stopped and indeed their use and possession outlawed. The answer lies neither in self-righteousness nor in the sort of ingenious opportunism reflected in the plan of a nuclear umbrella. An agreement for the prevention of the spread of nuclear weapons can be brought about only if all existing nuclear Powers participate in it. If, on the other hand, it is sought to align some of the nuclear Powers against others for the benefit of non-nuclear States, or one such State, all chances of arriving at a quick, comprehensive agreement will vanish. 117.”
1964-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 19 (1964)
“My delegation, therefore, views the Indian proposal with serious concern. It would extend a nuclear hegemony into a non-nuclear area and thereby further complicate the already complex problem of disarmament. For Asia, in particular, this would represent a misfortune of the greatest magnitude by bringing the entire continent under the perpetual shadow of nuclear weapons and extending the nature and scope of the confrontations between the great Powers. If this dangerous proposal were to find support, it would inevitable have the effect of undermining the sovereignty and independence of the countries of Asia and Africa. 116.”
1964-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 19 (1964)
“The Chinese test cannot be said to have created a new situation for Europe or for Latin America. This leaves the Indian Ocean area, at the centre of the land masses of Asia and Africa. It is here, evidently, that the proposal for a nuclear guarantee, made by Prime Minister Shastri in London, is intended to have its impact. What in fact is the real nature of this so-called nuclear guarantee? "Umbrella" or "shield", it really amounts to no more than a lining up of the other nuclear Powers against the People’s Republic of China. This dangerous proposal would turn the Indian Ocean into a cockpit of great Power conflict. This is in direct contradiction with the efforts and objectives of the Asian and African peoples which are persistently directed towards freeing their continents from any nuclear presence and involvement. 115.”
1964-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 19 (1964)
“The reality behind the verbal façade is very different. We got a glimpse of the reality when, after the fall of Mr. Khrushchev and the resumption of Sino-Soviet contacts, there was alarm and despondency in India over the possibility of the stoppage of Soviet military aid. The self-appointed torch-bearers of non-alignment now travel under the banner of double alignment, and the apostles of peaceful coexistence pin their hopes on the continuation of world tensions. 114. An idea has now been put forward that, as a result of the Chinese atomic explosion, the nonnuclear Powers are facing a new unforeseen danger. It has been suggested that certain nuclear Powers should join together to guarantee non-nuclear Powers against nuclear attack. What does this proposal amount to?”
1964-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 19 (1964)
“Borrowing the language of the cold war, India now speaks not only of military conflict and invasion, but of a struggle between a Chinese ideology and a so-called Indian way of life. This image of selfless devotion to the noble cause of defending freedom and democracy in Asia and Africa does not, unfortunately, accord with the fact that India has, in the past, made frequent use of force, both military and economic, for the settlement of disputes with its smaller neighbours. Is it conceivable that a re-armed and militant India will radiate a spirit of peaceful benevolence? 113. Those Powers that are helping to re-arm India in the fond hope that India will become an example of stability and democracy are entitled to their illusions. Let us, however, beware of the high-sounding platitudes in which the Indian policy is expounded.”
1964-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 19 (1964)
“The Hindu theory at all times, especially in the period of her historic greatness, was one of active assertion of the right, if necessary through the force of arms. To the Indian Ocean we shall have to turn, as our ancestors did who conquered Socotra long before the Christian era and established an empire in the Pacific." 112. Notwithstanding this open advocacy of a policy of expansion and domination, for a long time the posture of non-alignment served its purpose by enabling India to play off the United States against the Soviet Union. Today the Chinese bogey is being used to project the image of India as a bulwark of security and freedom for Asia and Africa against so-called Chinese aggression and expansionism.”
1964-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 19 (1964)
“Even in the perpetration of this gigantic fiction the Indians give the lie to their own claims by keeping the great bulk of their fighting forces poised against Pakistan and by adding submarines to their naval might. The fact is that the one abiding aim of Indian policy is to establish an Indian hegemony over the Indian Ocean region from the Hindu Kush to the Mekong. 111. A noted spokesman of modern India, Dr. Panikkar, has described the outer limits of the Indian sphere in the following words: "Our vision has been obscured by an un-Indian wave of pacifism. 'Ahimsa' (non-violence) is no doubt a great religious creed, but that is a creed which India rejected when she refused to follow Buddha.”
1964-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 19 (1964)
“Indian military missions come and go in the capitals of obliging great Powers, seeking supersonic planes, submarines and tanks, and the like, in order to strengthen India's fighting capacity in the mountains of the Himalayas. Can anyone seriously believe that China is preparing to invade India? Were that so, would China be calmly waiting while India augmented her strength through a series of five-year military plans? Indeed, would China, in October 1962, have voluntarily called a cease-fire, withdrawn from parts of the disputed territory into which its troops had advanced, cleaned, oiled and returned to India the guns left behind by its retreating troops?”
1964-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 19 (1964)
“Similar boundary differences have been settled amicably in all parts of the world and, in this very region, such differences have been settled between China and others of its neighbours such as Afghanistan, Bunna, Nepal and Pakistan. 110. The peculiarity of India's so-called confrontation with the People's Republic of China is that, while the situation on the ground remains quiet, every now and then a clamour is raised that Chinese troops are being concentrated, air-space is being violated, incursions are taking place here, there and everywhere, and that India is about to be invaded. On the other hand, with all this picture of impending and imminent catastrophe, the major portion of India's forces continues to remain where it has always been, namely, in Jammu and Kashmir, on India's border with West Pakistan and all around East Pakistan.”
1964-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 19 (1964)
“A good deal has been written on the subject since then which throws light on the assertion that a innocent and unwary India suddenly became the victim of an aggressive and expansionist China during those October weeks. It has only to be recalled that, a short while before the outbreak of the Sino- Indian conflict Indian newspapers announced the order by the late Indian Prime Minister to the Indian Army to drive out the Chinese from the disputed border regions, and the establishment of a special task- force, under the command of General Kaul, to achieve this objective. Be that as it may, the situation that exists on the undefined and disputed border between the People's Republic of China and India is one which needs to be settled. Of course, there is no reason for holding that it cannot be settled peacefully.”
1964-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 19 (1964)
“$12 billion are to be spent on instruments and symbols of power by a country which, according to the recent statement made in Delhi by the head of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, must depend on the import of food grains for another thirty years—the lifetime of a whole generation. And yet factories that might produce fertilizers will spew forth gunpowder; steel that could be used to manufacture tractors will go instead into tanks. 109. This well-publicized augmentation of arms is proceeding with the proclaimed object of defending India against an alleged threat of invasion by China. It is not my purpose to go into the history of the events that culminated in the hostilities between Indian forces and the forces of the Chinese People's Republic in October 1962.”
1964-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 19 (1964)
“Blinded by dreams of reviving the imagined glories of the past, India has embarked on a programme of extending her hegemony across the length and breadth of the Indian Ocean from the Hindu Kush to the Mekong. She has thus set her foot on the path of naked militarism and political adventure. 108. The Five-Year Plan of rearmament which India intends to carry out with the assistance of foreign Powers will cost the staggering amount of $12 billion. A vast and fearsome panoply of war is being created in a country whose citizens eke out a life of misery on an average income of 35 cents per day and are deprived of the most elementary amenities of human existence.”
1964-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 19 (1964)
“India's smaller neighbours have had experience of the way in which India can ride rough-shod over the legitimate interests of smaller countries when these happen to conflict with her ambitions. It was not for nothing that Senator Senanayake of Ceylon warned his countrymen to be on guard lest, like Kashmir, Ceylon too might fall under India's domination. Nepal's natural and legitimate interest in promoting closer relations with other countries has for long been impeded by pressures from India. Sikkim has been virtually occupied by Indian forces, and in the once-peaceful kingdom of Bhutan India ruthlessly makes use of financial and economic weapons to interfere in the internal affairs of that country. 107.”
1964-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 19 (1964)