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Illueca

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172

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1960-09-24

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1982-09-24

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3

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un-general-debate

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1. “friendly and cordial way in a spirit of reciprocal co-operation and of respect for its territorial integrity, sovereignty and independence and for the principle of the sovereign equality of States. When these relations have an adverse effect and when there is tension or friction between Latin American countries or between us and the United States as is the case with Cuba and Nicaragua, there is natural concern. 'as expressed b) the President 'Of Mexico, Jose L6pez Portillo, and the President of Venezuela, Luis Herrem Campins, and a desire to seek the path of conciliation, understanding and peace. 55. The regional bodies bringing together exclusively Latin American countries.”

   1982-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 37 (1982)

2. “International relations are now subject to a caustic cold war dialogue. Local confrontations have spread to other spheres and there are legitimate fears that the lack of understanding and communication which make possible peaceful intercourse among nations in conflict can gradually lead to a third world war. 53. Latin America has its own cultural characteristics and common interests of an economic and social nature. as well as historical roots which bind us to the nations of Central America. South America. Mexico and the Caribbean as a regional group with well-defined qualities of its own. 54. The community of Latin American nations attaches the highest importance to ail its relations with the United States and is seeking to develop them in a harmonious.”

   1982-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 37 (1982)

3. “It should be the subject of consultations between them, in an effort’s to define onceand for all tile fate of this regional agreement. A Latin American consultation on that subject should precede a hemispheric meeting which, without doubt, must also, include in its agenda the status of the Rio Treaty. 51. Lack of timely action would, in our opinion, mean that consideration might once again be given at title Seventh Conference of Heads of State or Commitment of Non-Aligners Countries, to be held b New Delhi in 1983, to the proposal to denounce the Rio Treaty put forward by the host country at the Sixth Conference held in Havana in 1979. That proposal was not discussed then because of Panama's firm opposition to that action. which it considered inopportune at that time, but it has been given a new dimension by the Malvinas crisis. 52.”

   1982-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 37 (1982)

4. “The Latin American meeting, which is different from the inter-American meeting, would then be the framework within which, without hostility or antagonism towards any country, great or small, an effort would be made to reach agreement on positions and strategies in the political and economic spheres to defend• and ,promote common interests of Latin American, countries. 50. The fact that the Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance,2 that is, the Treaty of Rio de Janeiro of 1947, was ineffective during the South Atlantic crisis has naturally caused concern in all sectors of the Latin American region concerning the future of collective security for the countries of the hemisphere. This is unquestionably a matter deserving of the closest attention on the part of the Latin American countries.”

   1982-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 37 (1982)

5. “Orfila visualized an inter-American summit meeting within the framework of the OAS and, of course, without the participation of Belize, Cuba and Guyana. However, Mr. Ortila went on to say that it is truly essential for Latin America to reach agreement on its own points of view, before those views are brought up at the hemispheric level. What Mr. Orfila meant was that this was a Latin American meeting, by Latin Americans and for Latin Americans. This cannot be interpreted in any other way. 48. In his statement, Mr. Orfila considers the feasibility of a exclusively Latin American meeting at which, logically, Behze, Cuba and Guyana, which are Latin American countries, would also participate. 49.”

   1982-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 37 (1982)

6. “It would not be logical to consider the possibility of an inter-American meeting of Foreign Ministers in December, as the November meeting will offer an opportunity to consider at that level matters of common interest to the countries of the area. 46. A different matter would be a consultative meeting or a meeting to deal with matters contained in a previously agreed agenda, attended by all Latin American countries, including Belize, Cuba and Guyana, which are excluded from the OAS. 47. The Secretary-General of the OAS, Mr. Alejandro Orfila, effectively helped to clarify the situation when, on 14 September, he went on record in favour of the proposal for a hemispheric meeting of heads of State becau.se, in his opinion., it is necessary to bring inter-American relations up to date. In his statement, Mr.”

   1982-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 37 (1982)

7. “In order to dispel any confusion on this matter, a distinction should be drawn between meetings which might be convened by the OAS within the inter-American system and meetings of a consultative or other nature at the purely Latin American Level. The former, on inter-American meetings, are held within the framework of the OAS, a regional organization which the United States and the Latin American countries belong as of right, with the exception of Belize, Cuba and Guyana, which are not members of the regional body. 45. The twelfth general assembly of the OAS, which will be attended by the foreign ministers of the United States and member States, will be held in a few weeks, in November of this year, in Washington.”

   1982-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 37 (1982)

8. “The idea of holding in Caracas 0" 24 July 1983, or an appropriate date, a Latin American ‘Summit conference to commemorate the second centenary of the birth of the Liberator has been linked to the holding of a conference of Foreign Ministers of Latin America which might take place in Panama City, headquarters of the Amphictyonic Congress of 1826, which was convened by Bolivar on the eve of the Battle of Ayacucho in 1824. At the same time, initiatives have been taken by the Governments of Uruguay and Colombia regarding the holding of an inter-American meeting of heads of State or Government of the region. 44.”

   1982-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 37 (1982)

9. “In the economic sphere, the inter-American forum' must undertake the task of considering the economic relations between Latin America and the United States of America, to place them in adjust and equitable con-text, serving as a forum for negotiations within the frameworkof North-South relations. 42. The problems besetting the region are numerous in the area of trade, commodities, financing, trans-national corporations, foreign investment and the might be convened by the OAS within the inter-American system and meetings of a consultative or other nature at the purely Latin American Ievel. 43.”

   1982-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 37 (1982)

10. “The primary task of this new institutional conception of the inter-American system would be, in the political arena, examination of the Central American question and of the Caribbean, normalization of relations between Cuba and the United States, eradication of colonial enclaves in Latin America, the status of the Malvinas Islands and of the Guantanamo naval base and territorial disputes between the countries of the area, as well as exploration of the possibility that in this year, which marks the bicentenary of the birth of the Liberator Sim6n Bolivar, a fraternal solution might be found by which Bolivia might attain its legitimate aspiration to the sovereign outlet to the sea of its forefathers. 41.”

    1982-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 37 (1982)

11. “In the inter-American system, situations arise which deserve serious and the dispassionate consideration, bearing in mind the interests of the States of the region. Frequently the question is asked: can the GAS function effectively without the United States? The answer is, obviously, that it cannot, on the understanding that the United States, like other member States, accepts the obligations set forth in the charter of the OAS and in the other agreements of the inter-American system and provided that it complies with those agreements. 39. There is no doubt that within a regional system properly understood, it would be appropriate to ask if the OAS, which is experiencing a profound crisis, would be able to function effectively without the participation of Belize, Canada, Cuba, Guyana and Puerto Rico. . 40.”

    1982-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 37 (1982)

12. “Over the years Panama has maintained that there is a need to restructure the bodies and norms of the inter-American system. In our opinion, if the Organization of American States [VAS] is to be effective it must be a pluralist, all-encompassing forum open to dialogue dealing with more just economic relations in the American continent, like the North-South dialogue, with the participation of all the nations of the western hemisphere. 37. Viewed thus the OAS will require as an essential distinction should be drawn between meetings which element the contribution of the United States, and the incorporation of Canada would be desirable. The incorporation or the reincorporation of those States of Central America and the Caribbean which are not now part of and have been excluded from the organization would indeed be indispensable. 38.”

    1982-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 37 (1982)

13. “In this latter case it was clear that the establishment of diplomatic relations and the exchange of ambassadors and ministers with a Government does not imply any judgement regarding the national policies of that government. 34. Votes that are cast in the General Assembly for reasons of State do not always reflect the will of the peoples. In the cases that I have mentioned, and in many others, votes are often cast for reasons that arise from certain circumstances, and at times only later do justice, reason, common sense and good-will prevail internationally and in the decision-making process of Governments, which then express their goals in international forums. 35. The same things happen regionally; sometimes the smooth functioning of a region is impeded when important sectors do not participate in the system. 36.”

    1982-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 37 (1982)

14. “According to the Charter, the United Nations and regional bodies are mechanisms for collective security and indispensable for the maintenance of international peace. It is only logical that in order for them to be effective this international body must encompass, without exception, all countries that have a right to membership. 33. The results of the last world conflagration and the cold war for many years made it impossible to obtain the goal of universality for the United Nations. As examples we need only cite the opposition to the admission of the representatives of the People’s Republic of China for 23 years and the resistance to admission to membership of Spain, which was finally admitted together with 15 other countries in E'55.”

    1982-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 37 (1982)

15. “We cannot accept the possible use of armed forces stationed there or the weapons stocked there for missions or warlike actions outside the borders of Panama. We do not want our land or the Canal built in Panamanian territory to be used for actions that undermine the neutrality that Panama has declared to the entire world. We do not want to be exposed as a military target to the uncertainties or risks of war that are so alien to us in terms of both motives and aims. 31. Such are the purposes of the neutrality Treaty, and we have therefore called upon all the nations of the world to adhere to the Protocol attached to that Treaty. We should like to renew that call on this occasion. 32.”

    1982-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 37 (1982)

16. “Neutrality for the inter-oceanic waterway is a goal that my country has never been willing to abandon. Its security cannot be based on military considerations. We want the Canal at all times-in times of peace and in times of war-to be a path of concord open to all the countries and nations of the world. We have never wanted the Canal to serve warlike purposes. The Canal needs security in a world like ours, in which, notwithstanding the existence of the United Nations, war 'and the use of force remain means of settling differences or international disputes. We nevertheless consider that the security of the Canal is based on relations of goodwill, friendship and co-operation among nations. 30. Defence of the Canal must be within the Canal, from the Canal and for the Canal.”

    1982-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 37 (1982)

17. “It is our hope that a just solution to the outstanding problems will be found, in particular as regards the elimination of the discriminatory salary scale known as the Panama Area Wage Base, which as a result of actions by the Panamanian leader, might be replaced by a general salary scale that is not discriminatory if, as we hope, the United States co-operates with Panama in the achievement of that result at the next meeting of the Board of Directors of the Panama Car.al Commission, which will take place in November in Washington. 28. We should like to add that perhaps the most serious concern f my Government in this area has to do with a proper understanding of the spirit and purpose of the Treaty concerning the Permanent Neutrality and Operation of the Panama Canal. 29.”

    1982-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 37 (1982)

18. “The purpose of the meeting was to consider relations between two friendly countries, to promote complete compliance with the Canal Treaties of 1977, to bring about more just economic relations between our peoples and to make effective the common purpose of creating the conditions of harmony, justice and understanding indispensable to the efficient and optimal functioning of the Panama Canal. 27. One of the merits of the visit of President de la Espriella was that it brought about in the news media and United States public opinion an understanding of the reservations that the Panamanian Government had had regarding certain measures and actions by officials of the United States that were not in harmony with the Treaties.”

    1982-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 37 (1982)

19. “There may, of course, be differences of interpretation between the parties when it is a question of implementation. That is what has happened in this case. In so far as the stipulations of the Treaty are concerned," Law 96-70 of the United States Congress, which authorizes the American executive to implanted the Treaty, gave rise to differences of opinion between the two Governments. My Government has made that known to the international community. 25. Last Friday, I October, Ricardo de la Espriella, President of Panama, and Ronald Reagan, President of the United States, had a working meeting in Washington, a meeting of the greatest importance, five years after the signing of the Torrijos-Carter Treaties and precisely on the third anniversary of the entry into force of those instruments. 26.”

    1982-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 37 (1982)

20. “In this respect Latin American solidarity was of decisive assistance, as was the solidarity of the third world countries and others, which encourage us in our anti-colonialist policies. Although we did not obtain everything to which we were entitled, great progress was made and the new Canal Treaties establish much mere balanced relations between Panama and the United States. 23. My country's rights over the Panama Canal are beyond any doubt, since it is a waterway fed by Panamanian fresh water and we have certain rights that spring from the permanent sovereignty of my country over its natural wealth and resources. 24. It is understandable and almost inevitable that an international pact should be designed to harmonize the interests of two sovereign countries that may well have common though not identical interests.”

    1982-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 37 (1982)

21. “We want Panama to be a forum and an 'active communicator or intermediary in the bringing about of agreements aimed at detente, and we do not want to be one of the parties to a confrontation. For this reason, and in the best diplomatic traditions of my country, we have refused to be part of any blocs or pacts that would exclude other countries, although in certain cases we have no doubts about their good intentions. 22. Stability in Panama is also largely due to the fact that during the past decade complex negotiations have been held with the United States regarding the status of the Panama Canal. The TreatiesI that arose from those negotiations met a large number of the national demands of Panama.”

    1982-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 37 (1982)

22. “For this reason, too, we have promoted the principle, the right and the duty of maintaining good relations with all countries of the region without exception, though they may have political systems different from our own. Peacefully we have defended the principle, the right and the duty of preserving the neutrality of Panama both as regards the forces in dispute in the area and as regards the super-Powers. We are aware that ongoing dialogue and under-standing with all the other countries and forces, aimed at detente and harmonious coexistence, are the only way to restore security in the area and preserve international security and the security of our own country. 21.”

    1982-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 37 (1982)

23. “This would have uncontrollable consequences and could cause bloodshed and inevitably jeopardize the entire international situation and destroy the region. 19. Hence, for the past decade, Panama has been pursuing a regional policy that is most definitely aimed at trying to bring about a peaceful settlement of the problems of the area. We want to avoid a spiral of internal confrontations continuing in the region-this has already taken on genocidal proportions and has led to warlike acts between sister countries. We have found ourselves in considerable agreement with Mexico and Venezuela as we have sought solutions by means of multilateral political negotiations among all the parties in dispute within our area. 20.”

    1982-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 37 (1982)

24. “In contrast with many other countries of the region, these economic, social and cultural changes n:move the main causes of injustice, repression and social discontent which are at the root of the political disputes that have di5rupted many countries in the area or have polarized their relations. 18. My country cannot be indifferent to the climate of violence and the warlike acts that have occurred in the region--either for ethical, political or security reasons. Internal tension, to which should be added outside interference of one kind or another, in support of one side or another in conflicts, has already created a structure of militarization of forces and alliances which could at any moment lead to a wide-spread conflict.”

    1982-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 37 (1982)

25. “In defining that role, I should like to recall that the stability that exists in my country is due to the fact that in the past decade we have made consider-able progress towards peaceful revolution. Structural reforms have been carried out which have brought about a social and territorial redistribution of wealth that is much more just and balanced, and mixed and co-operative state sectors have been created with a productive economy, conceived of from the social point of view. Social security, education, health and communications have been considerably enhanced. A system of representation and popular participation in the political decision-making process has been created. National integration has been improved. 17.”

    1982-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 37 (1982)

26. “Our geographical function, as a bridge between the oceans, has linked us with practically all the markets and countries of the world. Ever since the present Panama Canal was built it has, in addition, brought about special relations with the United States. 15. At the same time Panama is one of the countries with the most stable economic, social and political regimes in an area beset by complex social and international problems with dangerous implications. My country has the unavoidable responsibility of playing a role as conciliator. as part of the political efforts to overcome the crisis which might very web turn the region into a disaster zone. 16.”

    1982-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 37 (1982)

27. “The program the plan encompass all aspects of United States-Latin American economic relations and offer a series of recommendations which the countries of the region should take into account in their economic relations, both individual and collective, with the United States." In the programme and in the plan to which I have referred, there are set forth in a positive manner fundamental principles to place, within the framework of justice, equity, good understanding and co-operation, the relations which have existed between this group of countries and the United States. 14. Panama is situated in the extreme south of the Central American isthmus and practically in the middle of the so-called Caribbean basin. Its history and its geography have bound us indissolubly to Central America, to the Bolivarian countries and to the Antilles.”

    1982-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 37 (1982)

28. “stressing the inequality in the terrors of trade between the United States and Latin America as a factor that obstructs economic, financial and social development in the Latin American region, establishes a programme of collective co-ordinated action and a working plan to rectify the asymmetries in the aforementioned trade. The document sets forth a common strategy for Latin America in these negotiations, based on the criteria and actions which the plan defines.”

    1982-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 37 (1982)

29. “Apart from support for Panama in the implementation of the Canal Treaties, which we have noted with gratitude, the most outstanding achievement of the meeting was the adoption of the programme of action for the implementation of the measures provided for the Panama Declaration on economic relations between Latin America and the United States, adopted on 1 December 1981 at the high-level consultative meeting of the Latin American Economic System, which took place on the date in the capital of my country. The Latin American Council, in its Decision 114, decided to endorse the Panama Declaration contained in Decision 87, which, as was stated by our Foreign Ministry: “…after.”

    1982-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 37 (1982)

30. “To the extent that political and economic difficulties increase because of the resurgence of colonialism and hegemonism on the part of the major Powers, the developing countries must strengthen co-operation among themselves both politically and economically. 12. The colonial aggression that Latin America had to endure in the spring of 1982 has reaffirmed the fraternal ties of unity, cooperation and solidarity among the countries of the region. 13. One positive event which should be stressed is the eighth meeting of the Latin American Council, the supreme body of the Latin American Economic System, which took place at Caracas at tile ministerial level in August 1982.”

    1982-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 37 (1982)

31. “UNCTAD, which during the past two decades had aroused the hopes of the developing countries, was originally scheduled to hold a session in Havana in 1983, but, for well-known reasons, it will not be held in that city. The preparations for Belgrade have been adversely affected by negative factors pertaining to economic relations and by the hard position lak n by the developed countries in regard to the legitimate demands of the countries of the third world. 11. There are more and more reasons why the non-aligned movement and the Group of77 should intensify their efforts to strengthen those movements and bring about collective self-sufficiency so that the developing countries will be able to establish, in an effective and substantial manner. real and significant economic co-operation.”

    1982-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 37 (1982)

32. “The cycle had then been broken which caused the non-aligned countries, representing two thirds of mankind, to meet at the level of heads of State or Government in order to bring here to the Assembly their positive, strong non-aligned influence projecting the peace-loving doctrines of Nehru, Tito, Nasser, Makarios, Pandaranaike and other great apostles of peace. 9. The injustices in the economic relations between the developed countries and the developing countries have become more severe in this ominous framework of inflation, public indebtedness, growing unemployment and economic crisis afflicting the poor countries particularly. 10.”

    1982-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 37 (1982)

33. “The second special session of the General Assembly devoted to disarmament resulted in' resounding failure in the face of the intensification of the arm race between the super-Powers of the East and the West. 8. As far as the non-aligned group is concerned, we were saddened to see that as a result of the fratricidal war between Iraq and the Islamic Republic of Iran it has not been possible to hold in Baghdad the Seventh Conference of Heads of State or Government of Non-Aligned Countries in which such hopes had been placed.”

    1982-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 37 (1982)

34. “This action is necessary and urgent in situations as anachronistic and offensive to the conscience of mankind as those occurring in Africa, the Middle East, the eastern Mediterranean, Asia and Latin America, especially in the Latin American South Atlantic. 6. The large, medium-sized and small Powers in this world assembly cannot do much in the way of making a positive contribution as regards events which have occurred in 1982. There has been no progress in the global negotiations which created so much hope at one time as a means of realizing the aspirations of mankind embodied in the International Development Strategy for the Third United Nations Development Decade. 7.”

    1982-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 37 (1982)

35. “purposes and principle§ which inspired the authors of the San Francisco Charter to draft a system of collective security within the sphere of the United Nations for dealing with the major conflicts of our era which threaten to bring about the self-destruction of mankind. 5. In the peaceful settlement of disputes •and in cases of breaches of international peace, we find ourselves confronted with an impossible mission owing to the lack of political will on the part of the members of the Security Council, and in particular of tf1:.e permanent members. To undertake the task of making the United Nations system of security effective and imposing the coercive measures contempl3ted in the Charter.”

    1982-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 37 (1982)

36. “Never before in the history of mankind has there been so many sombre political and economic factors as there are today which have created such an ominous world situation. 4. Even for those who maintain that international law is an instrument of co-ordination and not confrontation, the major problems on the Assembly's agenda place us at a crossroads where negative factors in international life bring us to an impasse. There is the prospect of another possible conflagration with unpredictable results if common sense, wisdom and determination do not prevail in promoting the ideals.”

    1982-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 37 (1982)

37. “Mr. President, your many years of association with the United Nations, during which you have demonstrated your wisdom, spirit of co-operation and human qualities, have earned you your election, which guarantees the successful outcome of our work for all States Members of the United Nations. We welcome your presidency of the General Assembly and should like to pledge the determined co-operation of the delegation of Panama. I am expressing the feelings of broad sectors of mankind when I say in addition that we wish to praise the outstanding job done by the distinguished statesman of the third world, Mr. Ismat Kittani, as President of the thirty-sixth session of the General Assembly. He is a tireless promoter of the ideals of the United Nations. 3.”

    1982-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 37 (1982)

38. “When the history of this time is written, when the problems now being confronted by the United Nations are resolved, when the balance sheet has been drawn up showing its actions and influence on world events, it will then be seen that the cause of Panama was one of the decisive proofs of the importance and beneficial action of this ecumenical assembly of free nations.”

    1977-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 32 (1977)

39. “The words I have the honour to address to this august Assembly on behalf of my Government and my delegation would be incomplete and lacking in an elementary sense of justice were I not to express the gratitude of the Government and people of Panama for the decisive support they have received from the world community, and particularly from the sister republics of Latin America and those nations which constitute the majestic group of the non-aligned. Their support for the Panamanian cause, that has been given unstintingly, has been repeatedly demonstrated within this Organization.”

    1977-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 32 (1977)

40. “No country can proclaim itself the world champion of the rule of law and the freedom of the citizen claiming that it stands in the forefront of international democracy and is' the defender of the sovereignty of peoples and upholder of peace while, at the same time, suspending those principles in the case of small countries which, like mine, can only oppose force with the deep legal and moral conviction of a David defending his elementary rights. 241.”

    1977-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 32 (1977)

41. “To confuse this situation with the right to intervene in the internal or external affairs of Panama is to distort a specific clause, vitiating its semantic, political and legal value. This is totally unacceptable to the international community. 235. Here, of course, we are entering the field of moral assumptions because no one in this Assembly is unaware that, if the great Powers were to succumb to the temptation to abandon respect for ethical and legal rules, there is no public treaty or provision of international law which could stop them. 236.”

    1977-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 32 (1977)

42. “The United States, as a State party to the Charter of the Organization of American States and to the Charter of the United Nations, is committed to enforcing this principle at the regional level and throughout the world. 233. The Agreement in Implementation of Article IV of the Panama Canal Treaty strictly refers to defence against the danger of an armed attack or other action that might threaten the security of the Panama Canal or of the ships transiting it. This is not, nor can it be, a treaty to regulate the capacity for reciprocal aggression of the parties. 234. Logically the Treaty refers to third States which might commit acts or threats of aggression against the Panama Canal and the freedom of navigation through it.”

    1977-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 32 (1977)

43. “It may be said that the provision of international law which is most deeply rooted in the thoughts and feelings of the Latin American peoples is the principle of non-intervention. This has been the basis of relations between the United States and Latin America since in Montevideo in 1933 and Buenos Aires in 1936 the great North American Power renounced the principle of intervention by subscribing to the Declaration of the nations of the hemisphere, to the effect that direct or indirect intervention in internal or external affairs is inadmissible. The United States committed itself, in the event of violation of those principles, to joint consultations with the aim of arriving at a peaceful solution. 232.”

    1977-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 32 (1977)

44. “Shridath Ramphal, Secretary- General of the British Commonwealth of Nations: .. to those in the councils of the United States... who urge that strategic interests should prevail over those principles of sovereignty and territorial integrity which are now part of the heritage of this hemisphere, let it be recalled that no way has ever yet been held-be it overland route or mountain pass or navigable straits-in defiance of the will of those who dwell around it." 231. There are some who, with repeated obstinacy, seek to confuse the concept of the neutrality and the defence of the inter-oceanic way with that of intervention; but intervention has become a dirty word to the Latin American peoples who have suffered and have learned hard lessons from history.”

    1977-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 32 (1977)

45. “This new type of hemispheric relations can only prosper harmoniously, however, by complete compliance with the principles which are deeply rooted in the conscience of the peoples of this region and today enshrined in contemporary international law, such as respect for the territorial integrity and the independence of States, non-intervention by a State in the internal affairs of another State, self-determination of peoples, the peaceful settlement of disputes, the renunciation of the use or threat of force, the sovereign equality of States, and the application of fundamental human rights. 230. I would not wish to end without referring to an opposition which an arrangement in the Panama Canal question arouses in some circles in the United States. As was rightly said by Mr.”

    1977-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 32 (1977)

46. “The Torrijos-Carter Treaties, viewed not only as a formula of decolonization but also as a pilot plan for international co-operation between Panama and the United States with a view to improving hemispheric relations, could be a decisive factor in accelerating the integration and unity of Latin America. 229.”

    1977-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 32 (1977)

47. “Fortunately, the spectre of a possible intercontinental conflict becomes ever more remote because of the paradoxical effect of the progress of the technology of war, the balance of terror, and so it may be assumed that the neutrality and operation of the Canal will not He threatened. A promising augury of this is that the Government of President Carter has signed Additional Protocol I of the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons in Latin America (Treaty of Tlatelolco). But this is all for the future, for new groups of men and generations. 228.”

    1977-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 32 (1977)

48. “The Secretary- General, as the eternal champion of good causes, already said so in his report on the work of the Organization. He said: "I know, very well that a miraculous and sudden transformation to a new and better world order is inconceivable. I do, however, believe that we must try, in all our activities, to facilitate and accelerate the evolutionary process by which the relations of Governments in all important matters will be regulated -and harmonized with the long-term interests of the world community. Thus, we are living at a time when there are military alliances, large power blocs from which few nations can be free, despite their own power.”

    1977-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 32 (1977)

49. “Precisely because of this collective struggle, this joint effort made by people of diverse ages and tendencies called together in this higher level of every civic debate Is the element which, in itself, creates national unity for our national interest. Without national unity progress is made difficult. It is difficult to administer public affairs, and the supreme objective of a fully sovereign nation becomes distant in the perspective of time. It is obvious that among its positive advantages, the debate on the question of the new Panama Canal Treaties brings with it the promising possibility for national unity among the vast majority of the progressive forces of the country. 227. In the light of this perspective we have to take into account international circumstances.”

    1977-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 32 (1977)

50. “Together with them, are the students, teachers, professors, intellectual?, artists, the workers in the cities and in the fields, men and women of every age who have at all times responded to the national call and who are ultimately the Panamanian best entitled to judge what is just and proper in the new Treaties and their annexes. 225. Of course, from a pure, extreme and radical national perspective, some aspects of the new Treaties are not satisfactory. But, nationalities are not fully forged overnight, or by a single generation or group of individuals. Along the way towards the full attainment of a national Panamanian personality, there are obstacles and vicissitudes. To rise above them is the task of this generation and future generations, which must complete the work of the present one. 226.”

    1977-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 32 (1977)