YouSaid · the spoken record

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1948-09-24

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1962-09-24

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un-general-debate

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1. “In spite of his repeated denials of having had anything to do with the communique, it is interesting to note that the Chairman, in his joint report with the Vice-Chairman to the Special Committee for South West Africa, when dealing with the question of assistance to South West Africa by specialized agencies, then use the identical language incorporated in the relevant paragraphs of the communique which he had repudiated. The passages in question, to which I have just referred, were in fact lifted bodily from the communiqué, which be now alleges he had never seen, much less approved. 38.”

   1962-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 17 (1962)

2. “I mention that because of his statement that he was all alone and could not see anybody. 36. Mr. Brand Fourie, former Permanent Representative of the Republic to the United Nations, called on the Chairman of the Special Committee in his hotel bedroom on Saturday afternoon, that is, the same day that, according to his statement, the Vice-Chairman had "worked on him" to persuade him to agree to the communique. Mr. Fourie actually mentioned the communique in the course of' his discussion with the Chairman, but the Chairman gave no indication whatsoever that he dissented from the communique. 37.”

   1962-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 17 (1962)

3. “Meanwhile, of course, he had seen the local newspapers, which were full of the news and were fully reporting the terms of the communique; and he also knew that it had been issued as a press release by the United Nations Office of Public Information at New York. He also knew that the Vice-Chairman had reported on the communique at an informal meeting of the Special Committee for South West Africa in Now York. 35. While he was in the hospital the Chairman was Visited regularly by members of my Department — these were courtesy visits — including an Undersecretary for Foreign Affairs, who had participated in all the talks. To no one did the Chairman make the slightest suggestion that he dissociated himself from the terms of the communique. He was also regularly visited by Miss Jacqueline Yarrow, a member of the United Nations Secretariat.”

   1962-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 17 (1962)

4. “The Committee had been told that the Chairman could not participate because he was very ill; suffering with pain. According to the doctor who attended him at the hotel, the Chairman's indisposition was not such that he could not have participated in the consultations in his hotel room with the Vice-Chairman and the two officials regarding the final terms of the communique. Indeed, the officials informed the Press in reply to inquiries that the Chairman was being consulted as if he had been present at the official talks. 34. I come now to a very important fact. It is significant that it was only ten days after the communique had been issued that the Chairman of the Special Committee for the first time denied having been associated with the communique — and then only when he was questioned by reporters on his departure from South Africa.”

   1962-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 17 (1962)

5. “The following day, the Vice-Chairman of the Special Committee for Southwest Africa and the two United Nations officials reported that the amended text of the communique had been fully discussed with the Chairman, who had given his approval, subject to certain changes, particularly in paragraphs 3 and 4 of the communique — changes which he regarded as essential. The paragraphs in question were accordingly redrafted to reflect the changes requested by the Chairman, Several minor editorial improvements in other paragraphs were also discussed with the Vice-Chairman and with the members of the United Nations Secretariat, and they were adopted. The South African Prime Minister then inquired whether the text could be regarded as agreed by all. The Vice-Chairman replied in the affirmative, and the communique Was accordingly issued. 33.”

   1962-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 17 (1962)

6. “When the meeting later reconvened to consider the draft agreed upon by the officials, the Chairman of the Committee was not present. We were informed that he was not feeling well and was at his hotel. But the Vice-Chairman agreed that discussion on the draft should be continued, on the strict understanding that the final text would have to receive the Chairman's approval before it could be issued. He undertook to discuss the draft communique with the Chairman before any final decision was taken. I may add that I was present at all the discussions and can personally testify to what happened. So can Mr. Brand Fourie, known, to most permanent representatives here as South Africa's previous Permanent Representative to the United Nations. Both of us can testify to the truth of what I have stated here. 32.”

   1962-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 17 (1962)

7. “As for' the final communique, from which the Chairman of the Committee later dissociated himself, I wish to state most emphatically that both its issue and its proposed contents were discussed at a meeting on the morning of Friday, 25 May, when the Chairman Was present. It will be recalled that the Chairman made a great point later of the fact that he had been ill when that meeting took place. I would therefore repeat most emphatically that both the issue and the proposed contents of the final communique were discussed at a meeting on the morning of Friday 25 May, when the Chairman was present. It Was then agreed that a draft should be prepared by the Officials — that is, the official of the delegations of the Chairman and Vice-Chairman and the officials of the • Government delegation — on the basis of the discussions to date. 31.”

   1962-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 17 (1962)

8. “I shall deal first with the authenticity of the communique issued after the termination of the Pretoria discussions, and With the Chairman role in its preparation, approval and issue. 29. I have already stated that at the outset of the talks it was agreed by both sides that communiques regarding the discussions would be issued as and when necessary. The first such communique was issued at the conclusion of the first round of talks. In that communique the Chairman denied - having ma de certain statements to the Press before his departure from New York. That was. his first denial. I shall return to this later. 30.”

   1962-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 17 (1962)

9. “to meet with all sections of the population of South West Africa desiring to contact them". 27. Then comes the important third paragraph of the joint communique, which reads as follows: "At the request of the Prime ’Minister, both the Chairman and the Vice-Chairman gave their impressions gained during their ten-day visit to the Territory. They stated that in the places visited they had found no evidence and heard no allegations that there was a threat to international peace and security within South West Africa; that there were no signs of militarization in the Territory; or that the indigenous population was being exterminated." The admission that the two United Nations representatives found no threat to international peace is of particular importance. 28.”

   1962-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 17 (1962)

10. “First, I quote the introductory paragraph, which was agreed to by both and which reads as follows: "Discussions between Ambassadors Carpio and Martinez de Alva and the Prime Minister and Foreign Minister were resumed in the same friendly and frank atmosphere that characterized the former meetings. Ambassador Carpio expressed the appreciation of the visitors for all the arrangements made and for the free and uninhibited opportunities given to the Vice-Chairman and himself to meet with all sections of the population of South West Africa desiring to contact them and hoped that further visits could in' the future be arranged." 26. That introductory paragraph is of particular importance because of the Chairman’s expressed "appreciation ... for all the arrangements made for the free and uninhibited opportunities given...”

    1962-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 17 (1962)

11. “Thus, deprived of what I may call the eagerly sought pretext for taking steps against South Africa, and finding themselves in this very awkward, and indeed painful dilemma — in view of the admission by the Chairman and Vice-Chairman of the Committee — the majority of the Special Committee on South West Africa decided that the only way out of the difficulty would be to ignore the presence of the joint communique, in fact to pretend that it had never happened. 24. For purposes of the record, I now give the actual wording of the relevant paragraphs of the communique, which the Chairman of the Committee afterwards denied having seen — and still less approved. 25.”

    1962-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 17 (1962)

12. “And now the Chairman and Vice-Chairman of this specially appointed United Nations Committee, after having visited the Territory, after having been given the facilities to see whatever they wished to see, and after having listened in private — everything took place in private — to a number of deputations, reported on their return to the Republic that they had found no evidence to support these serious charges. 23.”

    1962-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 17 (1962)

13. “After all, the records of the Fourth Committee show that at the fifteenth session in 1960 and again at the sixteenth session in 1961 of the General Assembly, no less than thirty-one Member States had declared that the situation in Southwest Africa was a threat to world peace; sixteen States had made allegations regarding genocide — the words used were that the population was being exterminated — and nine States had complained about the militarization of the Territory. Indeed, these charges, figured prominently in the discussion that led to the adoption of General Assembly resolution 1702 (XVI), appointing this Committee. 22.”

    1962-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 17 (1962)

14. “He further denied that he was jointly responsible for the issuance of this document. The Vice-Chairman, on the other hand, firmly contended that the Chairman had been consulted, and that he had, after suggesting certain changes in the wording, approved of the communique being issued. The Vice-Chairman also told the Special Committee for South West Africa that the two members of the Secretariat who had accompanied them; namely, Mr. Berendsen and Miss Jacqueline Yarrow, had been present at the discussions with the Chairman. 21. The Special Committee for South West Africa was now clearly in a difficulty.”

    1962-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 17 (1962)

15. “This statement reflected what the Chairman and the Vice-Chairman of the United Nations Committee had already stated in the preceding discussions, namely, that during their visit to South West Africa they had 'seen or heard nothing to justify the allegations, first, that the situation there was a threat to world peace; second, that genocide was being practiced by the South West African Administration; and third, that militarization was taking place. 19. This joint statement was thereafter issued to the Press, But it was also released by the United Nations Office of Information on 26 May 1962 in press release G.A.2501. 20. About ten days later, the Chairman of the Special Committee for South West Africa denied participation in, and responsibility for, the conclusions as set out in the joint statement.”

    1962-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 17 (1962)

16. “Hammarskjold, came to.; South Africa for talks with the Prime Minister. On both those occasions it was felt that this procedure would facilitate free and frank, discussion, and would obviate press speculation which would oblige participants in the discussions either to confirm or to deny such reports. I may add, because this procedure has been criticized, that the procedure of regularly issuing communique is also followed at Commonwealth Prime Ministers' Conferences, four of which I have personally attended. I would add that such press communiques are never signed. 18. In accordance with the procedural arrangement, a Joint statement was issued at the conclusion of the talks.”

    1962-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 17 (1962)

17. “The Vice-Chairman of the Committee, in reply to the Prime Minister's question, said quite frankly that he had found no evidence of these allegations, and the Chairman stated that he did not notice any degree of evidence as to the truth of these charges. 16. Here I should point out that at the commencement of the talks, that is before they went to South West Africa when matters of procedure were discussed, it was decided by both parties that agreed communiques would be issued if and when, necessary. The Chairman agreed with this suggestion and in fact he welcomed it. 17. This procedure, which was then decided upon, followed the precedents established when the Good Offices Committee on South West Africa visited South Africa in 1958, and also when the late Secretary- General, Mr.”

    1962-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 17 (1962)

18. “In the course of these talks the Prime Minister asked the Chairman and the Vice-Chairman of this Committee whether in the course of their visit and in their private talks with the Bantus — the natives — they had found any evidence in support of the charges against the South African Government, charges which had figured, so prominently in the discussions of the Fourth Committee at the 1960 and 1961 sessions of the Assembly, namely — these were the charges — that there was a threat to international peace; that the inhabitants, particularly the non-white inhabitants, were being exterminated — genocide — and that militarization of the Territory was taking place. 15.”

    1962-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 17 (1962)

19. “They expressed their appreciation to the Prime Minister and to the South African Government for the opportunity to become directly acquainted with the Territory and its peoples. 13. The itinerary was then discussed and arranged the two representatives of the United Nations Committee were assured by the Prime Minister — as to that I can personally testify — that they were free to alter the itinerary in any way they wished, and to extend their visit if they so desired. Two aircraft were placed at their disposal for this purpose. In due course they visited South West, Africa. 14. On their return to Pretoria, the talks were resumed.”

    1962-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 17 (1962)

20. “I now come to the discussion which took place, Alter the initial discussions between the South African Prime Minister and myself on the one hand, and the Chairman and Vice-Chairman of the Special Committee on the other hand, the Prime Minister formally invited the United Nations representatives to visit South West Africa, They were given the assurance that they could go wherever they pleased, to see and to meet whomever they wished. 12. This was. announced in a press release, G.A.2471, of. 7 May 1962 issued by the United Nations Office of Public Information. This press release read as follows: "The Chapman and Vice-Chairman stated that, in the light of the terms of the invitation, and of its acceptance by the Special Committee on South West Africa, they accepted the present invitation.”

    1962-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 17 (1962)

21. “In reply, the South African Government invited the Chairman and the Vice-Chairman of the Special Committee for South West Africa to come to South Africa for discussions It was made clear that this invitation was without prejudice to the stand which South Africa had consistently taken on the juridical aspect of the South West Africa issue. This invitation was accepted by the Committee, and in due course the Chairman and the Vice-Chairman came to Pretoria. 11.”

    1962-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 17 (1962)

22. “It will be recalled that at the sixteenth session of the General Assembly a resolution [1702 (XVI)] Was adopted establishing a Special Committee Of seven members who were instructed, in consultation with the Government of South. Africa, to visit South West Africa, and there to inquire into a number of matters which were specified in the resolution. A letter was subsequently sent by the Secretariat to the South African Government requesting its co-operation in carrying out the terms of that resolution. 10.”

    1962-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 17 (1962)

23. “True, during the past year the membership of the Organization has still further increased; but will anybody be so bold as to say that the increased membership has brought fresh life and saner counsels to the Organization? 8. The prestige of this Organization, already at a low level, has been dealt a further blow by the recent actions of the Chairman of a United Nations Committee, and of the majority of the Committee itself. Before, dealing with other matters I shall now, first of all, proceed to deal with this extraordinary affair. It is necessary in the interests of the Organization itself that full information, a factual account, be given of what actually happened. 9.”

    1962-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 17 (1962)

24. “On the contrary, the position has deteriorated and international tensions have increased, The Cuban situation has become more threatening. The Geneva discussions on disarmament and nuclear tests have proved abortive. The Berlin situation has worsened, and the position in South-East Asia gives cause for concern. I do not think it necessary to deal further with the deterioration in the international situation. It is common knowledge. 7. I come now to the United States. Has its position been strengthened? Has its prestige been increased since the last Genera Assembly? I think that even the most fervent supporter of the Organization cannot give an affirmative reply to that question.”

    1962-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 17 (1962)

25. “While these conditions were prevalent in forty- five other countries, the Republic of South Africa was free from disturbances and unrest, except for a few sporadic anti-Government demonstrations which received very little support from the mass df the Bantu population. Furthermore, in the Republic of South Africa, political calm has been accompanied by conditions of financial stability and by exceptional economic progress, to which a number of visiting businessmen and economists from the United States of America and from Britain have borne testimony also during the past few months. So much for conditions of violence, revolt and unrest in forty-five countries, except South Africa. 6. What about the general international situation? Has there been any improvement since the last session of the Assembly?”

    1962-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 17 (1962)

26. “A year has passed since the last session of the General Assembly of the United Nations, It is appropriate that we very briefly glance at what has happened during the past year. 4. The record, as chronicled in the world's Press, is not an encouraging or a cheerful one. In no less than forty-five countries there have been revolutions; coups d'état; revolts; border clashes; internal unrest, accompanied by, riots and, violence; serious racial clashes between Whites and non-Whites, and states of emergency. These are continuing today, as testified in the newspapers, particularly in The New York Times of yesterday. 5.”

    1962-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 17 (1962)

27. “May I add my congratulations to the many that Muhammad Zafrulla Khan has already received on his election as president of the Assembly at this session. The overwhelming majority by which he was elected is a fitting tribute not only to the personal esteem in which he is held, but also to his record of service in his country, in this Organization and also as a Judge of the International Court. 2. The President and I first met in 1948 — fourteen years ago — when we led our respective delegations at the Paris session of the General Assembly. In the years that have passed since then, I have continued to hold him in high esteem. I am certain that his occupancy of the Presidency at this Assembly will be characterized by that sense of fairness, of impartiality and of justice for which he has acquired a well-deserved reputation. 3.”

    1962-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 17 (1962)

28. “Similar steps have been taken and will be further developed also in the cases of the Coloured and the Indian population. At the same time, this policy will ensure to South Africans of European descent control of their homeland, which over the past three centuries has been opened up and developed by their forebears and by succeeding generations of white South Africans. 147. In conclusion, I want to say that we believe this policy of peaceful but separate coexistence will provide the solution of our racial problems and ensure the happiness and prosperity of all South Africans- White, Black, Coloured and Indian. 148. All that we ask is that we be permitted to carry out our policy of looking after the interests of our Bantu and other non-European peoples without interference from outside, be it from Western, Eastern or African countries.”

    1961-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 16 (1961)

29. “In bidding for that honour, the idea is that the one that hits South Africa hardest is likely to gain the favour of the smaller African States. The leaders are of course not really worried about the Bantu in South Africa because they know that they are far better cared for and better treated than the masses in their own countries. 146. We firmly believe that the course upon which we have embarked in South Africa will ultimately solve the problem of relations between White and non-White races in our country. It is a policy which aims at progressively giving to the Bantu the complete control of his own homelands and which, by means of urban councils, will provide the urban Bantu with the means to promote their material welfare and social needs.”

    1961-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 16 (1961)

30. “By contrast, there is peace, prosperity any economic stability in South Africa, in spite of attempts by agitators and subversive elements, inside and outside of South Africa, to stir up trouble among the non-Whites and to harm South Africa's economy. Inside South Africa there are subversive Bantu organizations, aided and abetted by certain overseas ultra-liberalistic organizations, such as the American Committee on Africa in New York and Christian Action in London, and by certain sections of the Press in those countries. They are further actively encouraged by the leaders of certain African States. An interesting feature of this latter type of encouragement is that it is an important factor in the keen competition among certain leaders to assume the leadership of the African States.”

    1961-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 16 (1961)

31. “Finally, there are also Bantu agricultural schools where training is provided to enable the Bantu to improve their agricultural methods. 144. I suggest that the progress made in South Africa in the field of Bantu primary, secondary and university education far exceeds that of any other African State or territory. And yet, the leaders of those States accuse the South African Government of neglecting, and even of oppressing, the Bantu people. 145. I have referred to political and economic conditions prevailing in most of the States and territories of Central and North Africa—conditions of political unrest and of economic instability.”

    1961-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 16 (1961)

32. “There are forty-eight institutions for the training of 4,500 teachers, and also thirty technical schools where at present 1,850 young Bantu are being trained. There are 27,800 teachers in Bantu schools, of whom only about 1 per cent are Whites. This year at least 10,500 Bantu students will be writing the standard VIII (junior certificate) examination, and 2,000 will be taking the matriculation examination, which is necessary for entrance to a university. 141. Also in the field of higher education considerable progress has been made. There are three Bantu university colleges where at present 1,580 students are enrolled. 142. In accordance with South Africa's policy of separate development, the primary and secondary schools are controlled by Bantu parents—and not by Whites—who serve on 500 school boards and 4,500 school committees. 143.”

    1961-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 16 (1961)

33. “In most cases these children are acquainted only with values, interests and behaviour patterns learned from a Bantu mother and more often than not are living in surroundings still in an early stage of civilization. Too often, missionaries from Europe or America have tried to transplant their systems of education to African countries, with very unsatisfactory results. That mistake has been avoided in the system employed in South Africa, with the result that about 80 per cent of Bantu children in South Africa up to the age of fourteen years are attending 7,412 primary schools. Eight years ago the percentage was only 58. 140. But similar progress has also been made in the secondary or higher schools which are providing higher education to almost 50,000 pupils.”

    1961-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 16 (1961)

34. “In fairness I must point out that illiteracy is a feature not only of Liberia and Ethiopia. According to a literacy map of the world, only a few African States or territories show an illiteracy rate below 80 per cent. I may add that the South African Bantu have an illiteracy rate well below that figures namely, 65 per cent. 139. The great progress made in Bantu education in South Africa is considerably in advance of that made by many other African countries. The success obtained is due to the fact that an educational system has been evolved which recognizes that educational methods designed for European or American children cannot simply be grafted on to the methods used for African children who have grown up under entirely different circumstances.”

    1961-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 16 (1961)

35. “I need hardly remind the Assembly of conditions existing in many of the independent African States. Having had experience of the way in which false information is spread about, my own country, I do not unreservedly accept what I read about other countries. It is, however, interesting to note that more than one book, authoritatively written, dealing with conditions in two of the oldest independent African States, namely Liberia and Ethiopia, tells of the appalling state of living conditions and also of illiteracy among the masses in those States. Even more interesting is the fact that it is these two States that have taken proceedings against South Africa in the International Court of Justice in which inter alia the Republic is charged with not having promoted to the utmost the welfare of the inhabitants of South West Africa! 138.”

    1961-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 16 (1961)

36. “While on the subject of urban Bantu, I would repeat that the 11/3 million Bantu from neighbouring territories who have come to live in South Africa evidently do not mind the alleged oppression. On the contrary, they share in the many benefits—for example, social and medical services, housing and education- provided by the Government of South Africa and by municipal authorities for their own South African non-White citizens. One of our problems is to deal with the continually increased crossing of natives from other neighbouring territories into South Africa who want to come there to be oppressed. 137. One hears and reads much of illiteracy. This is not only an African problem. It is found also in many Western countries and is rife, I understand, in the Middle East and in some Asian countries.”

    1961-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 16 (1961)

37. “Our policy aims at maintaining the unity of each of the Bantu ethnic groups, whether living in their homelands or living in the urban areas. It regards the Bantu living in the European area as part of the particular ethnic community in the Bantu homelands. This policy is appreciated by the Bantu themselves and leads to a greater measure of co-operation with the Government in the European area. 135. It is, however, recognized that provision must be made for Bantu living in cities and in the large towns to have a voice in municipal and other local affairs which affect their living conditions. The system of advisory boards which has been in practice for decades was recently extended so that the Bantu in urban residential areas will now be able to form urban councils to which are entrusted specific duties and responsibilities. 136.”

    1961-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 16 (1961)

38. “These are facts which are not known to those who attack South Africa. 134. I come now to the position of the urban Bantu, there are 2.5 million Bantu who work and live in the European urban areas. Another 3 million are scattered in other European areas. It has been urged here and elsewhere that they should receive full political equality with the Whites. I have already explained that the Bantu who live in the White areas will retain their voting rights in the self-governing areas from which they come, and they can return there for that purpose, as is done by many of the 400,000 Bantu from the neighbouring British Protectorate of Basutoland who are working in the Republic. In passing I would mention that there are altogether about 1 1/3 million Bantu who are not of South African origin.”

    1961-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 16 (1961)

39. “He must reside at the headquarters of the Territorial Authority, and it is his duty to bring to the attention of the central government the political, economic and social needs of the ethnic group to which he has been assigned. It should be emphasized that the commissioner-general is not an administrator but that his post is analogous to that of an ambassador to another country. 133. I would add here that, in order to accelerate the transfer of administrative and judicial functions to the recognized leaders of the Bantu, special schools have been established and more are in the process of being established, in the different ethnic areas, for the training of young men who are likely to be leaders of their people, in modern methods of administration and also, in economic and business principles.”

    1961-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 16 (1961)

40. “The Government of the Republic is meanwhile undertaking the task and the expense of developing the Bantu territories; for example, irrigation projects, fencing and soil erosion. The younger Bantu are being instructed in the latest agricultural methods and are being provided with stud cattle to improve their herds. I would add that the Bantu areas are in no way inferior to the corresponding areas occupied by Whites, and in fact in some cases—particularly in the eastern Transvaal—they are superior and able to support a larger population per acre than in most other" parts of South Africa. 132. A commissioner-general for each of the ethnic groups serves as a link between the Government of the Republic and the relevant Territorial Authority.”

    1961-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 16 (1961)

41. “The Government of the Republic is providing the initial capital and will continue to assist financially. These industries will ultimately be wholly owned and controlled by the Bantu themselves. I wish to emphasize—and this is an important point—that these industries will not, as in the case of some of the African territories, be controlled by financial interests operating from other countries that pocket the profits and at the same time detract from the political independence of those States. 130. Industries are also being established near the borders of these Bantu Authority Territories, thus providing employment for Bantu across the border, where they are living in their own country with their families, in their own homes, under their own form of government. 131.”

    1961-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 16 (1961)

42. “Earlier in my address, X quoted from statements by African leaders to show that the Western system of parliamentary government simply cannot be transplanted to the African soil. This is further proved by the testimony of the Bantu leaders to which I have referred. We in South Africa, with our experience and knowledge of Bantu life and traditions extending over a period of more than 200 years, have always realised that fact, which is the basis of the policy we have evolved, and which will eventually give to our Bantu fellow citizens in their respective homelands full self-government in accord with their own customs and traditions, and which is best suited to their own outlook, culture and temperament. 129. A Bantu Industrial Development Corporation has been created for the establishment of industries in those areas.”

    1961-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 16 (1961)

43. “Among the most interesting of these testimonies is that which came from the leader of the Bantu in Ovamboland, in South West Africa, who stated in August of last year: "The Ukuanyama"—the name of these people— "have never been betrayed by the Union Government and have retained their country intact. This applies to the whole of Ovamboland and after forty years under Union administration the vast majority of the people are content that it should continue, despite agitation for changes from small and unrepresentative sections at home and abroad." This testimony, this statement, coming from the outstanding leader of Ovamboland in South West Africa, is an effective reply to Mr, Fabregat and his fellow-members of the Committee on South West Africa who have been grievously misled by a small group of agitators from South West Africa. 128.”

    1961-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 16 (1961)

44. “I do not want to quote the testimonies—it would take too much time—but I would mention that the under-mentioned leaders of Bantu Territorial Authorities have in public statements during the past year or more signified their unqualified acceptance of the Government's policy of separate development and have also expressed their appreciation of what is being done to develop self-government in the different Bantu ethnic areas. They are: Chief Botha Sigeau, Presiding Territorial Chief of the Transkeian Territorial Authority; Chief M. C. Chuene, Chairman of the Pietersburg Regional Authority; Regent P. M. Shilubane, of the Banuna Tribal Authority; Cyprian Bhekuzulu, Paramount Chief of the Zulus, a well-known Bantu race; Paramount Chief Victor Poto, of Western Pondoland. 127.”

    1961-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 16 (1961)

45. “Under this system of self-government, the Bantu have since 1951 increased their governing Councils from about sixty, with about 300 individual members, to 445 councils with no less than 6,550 individual members in 1961. This shows that the system is not only democratic, but also that it has been well received by the Bantu in spite of attempts by subversive organizations and by White agitators to discredit this policy and to create unrest. 125. South Africa's policy is not, as is sometimes alleged, one of "back to the tribe" or "back to the bush". The object is to start with a system of government which is based on Bantu custom and tradition and which will be further developed by the progressive introduction of fully representative self-government. 126.”

    1961-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 16 (1961)

46. “Not only are the laws excluding White occupation strictly applied, but huge tracts of adjacent land have subsequently been acquired by expropriating the White owners and being handed over to the Bantu. The Bantu Self-Government Act avoids the mistakes made in other parts of Africa of over-haste growth and of creating independent territories which are not yet ripe for self-government. 123. By this legislation eight Bantu national units are established on an ethnic basis, and provision is made for the corresponding Bantu authorities. Experience in South Africa and elsewhere in Africa has shown that the splitting or the mixing of ethnic groups leads to clashes and internecine warfare. 124.”

    1961-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 16 (1961)

47. “It is intended to safeguard what has been built up over three centuries by the Whites, and at the same time to take account of the political aspirations, as well as of the traditions, cultures, and also the material needs of the Bantu peoples, 122. The Bantu Self-Government Act provides for progressively increased legislative, judicial and administrative powers for the Bantu authorities in their own territories. There are huge territories reserved only for use and occupation by the Bantu. These territories, mostly situated in some of the most fertile areas of South Africa, where voluntarily occupied the Bantu which, at the time of the arrival of the first Dutch immigrants, were themselves migrating, as I said, from East and Central Africa. These territories were subsequently reserved for the Bantu only.”

    1961-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 16 (1961)

48. “General Smuts went on to say in a speech delivered in London: "It is useless to try to govern black and white in the same system ... In land-ownership and forms of government our policy is to keep them apart"— apartheid—"... Thus in South Africa you will eventually have large areas cultivated by blacks and governed by blacks, while in the rest of the country you will have whites who will govern themselves according to accepted European principles." 121. The policy of separate development, also known as apartheid, is thus clearly the traditional policy of South Africa. It is not a new creation and is not as is generally alleged, the evil conception of the present Government and particularly of the present Prime Minister, Dr. Verwoerd. It is a policy which is equally in the interests of the White and of the Bantu population,.”

    1961-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 16 (1961)

49. “It is on the basis of those malicious misrepresentations that these attacks are based. I dealt fully with this aspect of the anti-South African campaign when I addressed the Assembly last year, and I do not intend to repeat what I said on that occasion; I leave it at that. 120. South Africa's policy of separate development is not, as is generally supposed, the creation of the present Government. When speaking from this rostrum two years ago [811th meeting, para. 34], I quoted from a speech delivered by General Smuts, one of the founders of the United Nations, more than forty years ago, in which he referred to "the practice that has grown up in South Africa of giving the natives"—the Bantu—"their own separate institutions on parallel lines".”

    1961-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 16 (1961)

50. “There is discrimination equally against the Whites in so far as concerns the Black territories, the Native territories. 118. What exactly is South Africa's policy of apartheid which has become almost a swearword in many countries? How many of those who attack South Africa and who attacked South Africa again in the course of this general debate, how many of those—and those who are threatening to apply sanctions—have any conception as to what our policy is? Few know that the word apartheid is in fact an abbreviated form of "aparte ontwikkeling", which means separate development, with emphasis on the word "development". 119. This policy has been cruelly, and, I may add, maliciously misrepresented in Press dispatches which have been appearing in the newspapers of many countries over a number of years.”

    1961-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 16 (1961)