K Shanmugam
Singapore
“Bank accounts are frozen when there is reason to suspect that the bank accounts are involved in illicit activities, including money laundering activities.”
“The Singapore Police Force does not track the requested data. Distinguishing artificial intelligence (AI)-generated content typically requires more detailed forensic examination which may not be necessary in every investigation and may also not be conclusive as to whether AI-generative tools were used.”
“The Building and Construction Authority’s Code on Accessibility provides baseline requirements for accessible and inclusive buildings. It stipulates a minimum width of 1.5 metres or 1.8 metres for primary accessible routes, depending on the building type.”
“The Road Traffic (Motor Vehicles, Driving Licence) Rules under the Road Traffic Act set out the scope of the medical assessment required for motorists aged 65 and above who wish to retain their driving licences.”
“When a Police report has been made, the Police will investigate to determine if a criminal offence has been committed. If there is reasonable suspicion that a case is scam-related, the Police can direct online service providers to restrict Singapore users' access to the relevant online activity under the Online Criminal Harms Act.”
“Through intelligence sharing and coordinated enforcement actions, the cross-border operation disrupted a transnational drug trafficking syndicate and downstream drug trafficking activities, with the UK arresting seven persons so far and further investigations underway.”
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“And we have to be careful to avoid that outcome. On this specific case, we do have some concerns about the judgment that has been delivered, in this respect. The Court found that the detained subject had “unusual” behaviour, but these did not qualify as symptoms of someone with a mental disorder. The Court also said that the officer took a dislike to the detained person, and that the officer had made up observations about him. We are looking closely at the Court’s reasons for reaching these conclusions – Police tell me that they take a different view. Police and AGC will look at these points and decide whether the Court’s decision should be appealed. In deciding what to do, we have to bear in mind that decisions in individual cases can have a much larger and unintended effect, of negatively impacting how officers react in future to situations. The Court also made some comments about several issues in law. Such as what “danger” in the MHCTA must entail, on the ground. And whether powers for the Police to “apprehend” someone under the MHCTA and to “arrest” someone under the Criminal Procedure Code are the same. These comments might have an impact on how the Police can exercise its powers and may have adverse public safety implications. We are studying the Court’s comments carefully. We will then decide whether to file an application for permission to appeal, or make legislative changes as necessary, to address any gaps that may have arisen between the policy intent and the position in law. If we reach the conclusion that the Court’s findings are in fact (as advised by AGC) reasonable and correct, then we will have to internalise that and make sure the key points are made clear to our officers, so that they understand the situation better.”
“To give Members a sense, over the past three years, an average of 78 police officers have been subject to disciplinary proceedings annually. And about 10 police officers have been charged in court each year, for the past three years, for criminal offences. We will not hesitate to take action when there is an infraction – that is essential to maintain trust with the public, and discipline within the Force. At the same time, while we have to be strict about upholding the highest standards for Police, we have to ensure that our analysis of officers’ ground judgements is reasonable and fair. Police officers work in high-stress and dynamic environments. They often have to make split-second decisions and take decisive action, based on the limited information that they have. It would not be realistic to critique their every move with the benefit of hindsight, removed from the conditions on the ground. The officers must be given sufficient latitude to make swift ground assessments and decisions, so long as they have acted in good faith. An environment in which Police actions are unfairly critiqued, will inevitably undermine public trust in the Police. It will also lead to defensive policing – where the ground officers will try to do the least possible. They will fear that everything they do will be over-analysed and picked apart unfairly. It would be easier in such situations to not do anything. Defensive policing is, essentially, no policing. This will have a detrimental effect on our safety and security. And an unfair characterisation of the Force will eventually also lead to the public thinking of the Police as the enemy, and viewing the Police with suspicion. That has happened in other countries. We have so far avoided that situation.”
“Our level of safety and security is underpinned by the high levels of trust between the Government and the public, and a system of policing that is highly trusted and effective. In the 2022 Gallup Law and Order Survey, 95% of Singapore residents feel safe walking alone on the streets at night. The SPF’s Public Perception Survey in 2021 showed that public trust in the SPF is at 96%. In the same survey, 98% of respondents said that they would provide assistance and information to the Police if there was a need. This would not be possible without the high level of trust in, and competence of, the Singapore Police Force, built up over the years. The framework we have in place, to ensure that our officers behave in accordance with the law, has helped to maintain standards and trust. I will mention the following: First, the Police themselves are the first layer of check; there is a process to investigate any abuse of power. And we ourselves take action against errant officers. People know that we will do so. Patrol Officers wear Body-Worn Cameras. Officers’ actions can be assessed and actions taken. Second, where necessary, we can convene – and we have convened – the Independent Review Panel (IRP). The IRP consists of former judges, former senior public officers, and other individuals with significant standing in society. It provides an independent assessment on whether the internal investigations were fair and thorough. And third, if criminal offences are potentially disclosed, we recommend court prosecution and let the Courts deal with the matter. The Courts thus provide a third layer of safeguards. The supervision of the Courts is an integral part of ensuring that our system functions properly. This system of checks and balances is an important part of the rule of law.”
“Mr Ang Wei Neng and Mr Saktiandi Supaat had also asked related questions for oral reply today. I have addressed these questions together with Mr Leong Mun Wai’s question. [Please refer to "Reviewing Police's Operating Procedures to Minimise Occurrences of Wrongful Arrest", Official Report, 7 February 2023, Vol 95, Issue 82, Oral Answers to Questions section.] In the Mah Kiat Seng case, the High Court made a number of observations about the conduct of a specific police officer. The officer had detained a person under section 7 of the Mental Health (Care & Treatment) Act (MHCTA). The subject was believed to be dangerous by reason of mental disorder. He was reported to have suddenly touched the head of a stranger’s four-year-old child, without having any reason to do so. He was also observed to have behaved erratically. We are studying the judgment in this case. Our concern is that the Court’s findings may adversely impact the Police’s ability to detain persons under the provisions of the MHCTA, as they stand. The Attorney-General's Chambers will be advising on whether we should file an application for permission to appeal, in respect of the judgment. Since an appeal may be filed, we usually refrain from commenting in detail on Court decisions – unless it is in the public interest that we do so. The Administration of Justice (Protection) Act provides for statements on pending court proceedings to be made, in such situations. In our view, this is one such case. But nevertheless, I will try and be careful in what I say, and will be quite constrained and circumscribed. Before I comment on the case itself, let me give Members some perspective. Today, Singapore is one of the safest countries in the world.”
“All inmates undergo health screening upon admission to prisons. As part of the screening process, the Prison Medical Officer will refer to the National Electronic Health Records, to check the inmate’s pre-existing health conditions. This will include mental health conditions. The Prison Medical Officer will also check the National Immunisation Registry for the inmate’s vaccination records. In addition to checks done by the Prison Medical Officer against available medical records, the inmate will also be required to complete a screening questionnaire. This is for the Prison Medical Officer to gather information on his past medical history and mental wellbeing, amongst others. The Prison Medical Officer will also carry out a physical examination to assess the inmate’s health and if the inmate has any urgent medical conditions or is suspected to have any infectious disease.”
“We have not observed an increasing trend of individuals, under the ages of 16 or 14, committing drug offences. This applies to drug offences of consumption, possession and trafficking. Between 2012 and 2021, each year, an average of 49 persons under the age of 16 were arrested and investigated for all drug offences. Of these, about 10% were under the age of 14. As for the offence of drug trafficking, an average of four persons under the age of 16 were arrested and investigated each year. Of these, persons under the age of 14 formed a small proportion, less than 6%. In fact, in the past 10 years, only two persons under the age of 14 had been arrested. While the trend has remained stable, the Central Narcotics Bureau (CNB) is aware that some younger people take a more permissive attitude towards drugs, especially cannabis. CNB will continue to monitor the situation closely and sustain its preventive drug education efforts.”
“With effect from 1 March 2023, the Singapore Land Authority (SLA) will take over the management of all state land within HDB estates. With this change, all applications for interim use of vacant state land and properties, within and outside HDB estates, will be handled by SLA. This will allow for greater administrative and operational efficiency. SLA and HDB have worked through the transition process to ensure that the transition will be as seamless as possible for existing users of state land and properties within HDB estates. SLA and HDB have worked closely to ensure the preservation of data, institutional knowledge and expertise in relation to the management of vacant state land within HDB estates. The existing HDB team managing the state land portfolio will be transferred to SLA and will continue to manage state land matters within HDB estates, such as the issuance of Temporary Occupation Licences (TOLs) and handling of municipal feedback.”
“Between 2018 and 2022, there were 398 cases of theft of milk powder from supermarkets. This constituted 7% of all theft cases in supermarkets during this period. Police have identified the perpetrators for 77% of these cases. The Police do not actively keep track of a breakdown of reasons why perpetrators commit theft of milk powder. Based on a study of recent cases between January 2022 and January 2023, the majority of perpetrators did not have children under two years old who would have needed to consume the milk powder. Police have also encountered cases of perpetrators stealing milk powder for other reasons, including to resell for a profit.”
“The Police do liaise closely with IMH. In the Mah Kiat Seng case, the person's behaviour was observed to be erratic. In fact, the judge accepted that there was some of that. But IMH felt that he was not mentally insane; and that is entirely possible; there is a wide continuum. Likewise, I will have to look at the facts of the case that you referred to. It is a bit difficult to answer here. But it is entirely possible that one can exhibit various degrees of bizarre behaviour without actually being classified as insane by IMH. So, the wife might well consider the husband to be mentally unsound, but the husband may not qualify in the facts of your case to be classified as unsound. In such a case, the Police can only intervene if there is a threat of imminent danger or violence or assault or something along those lines. [Please refer to "Clarification by Minister for Home Affairs and Law", Official Report, 7 February 2023, Vol 95, Issue 82, Correction by Written Statement section.] It does not have to be physical assault, but if there is a risk, then there are possibilities. Well before that, the person who came to see you, can be assisted to seek Protection Orders from the Courts as well.”
“On the first question, yes, the patrol officers wear body-worn cameras (BWCs). On the second question, it is for a variety of conducts – some in the discharge of their duties, some are outside. The point I am making is that the fact that they are Police officers, gives no immunity. If they have committed an offence and we investigate and we find that there is a prima facie case, where AGC believes that it can be proven beyond reasonable doubt, then they will be charged.”
“Right now, the sense amongst the Police officers is one of concern, on what liability may befall them, for actions which they may take in the discharge of their duties. In summary, there are concerns with the judgment. We are now considering the next steps.”
“The Court found that the detained subject had "unusual" behaviour, but those did not qualify as symptoms of someone with a mental disorder. But the Police officer was just equally observing and had to make decisions on the ground. The Court also said that the officer took a dislike to the detained person and that the officer had made up observations about him. We are looking closely at the Court's reasons for reaching these conclusions – the Police tell me that they take a different view. The Police and AGC will look at these points and decide whether the Court's decision should be appealed. In deciding what to do, we have to bear in mind that decisions in individual cases – Court decisions – can have a much larger and unintended effect, of negatively impacting how officers react in future to such situations. The Court also made some comments about several issues in law. Such as what the word "danger" in the MHCTA must entail, on the ground. And whether the powers for the Police to "apprehend" someone under the MHCTA and to "arrest" someone under the Criminal Procedure Code (CPC) are the same. These comments might have an impact on how the Police can exercise their powers and may have adverse public safety implications. We are studying the Court's comments carefully. We will then decide whether to file an application for permission to appeal or make changes to the law as necessary, to address any gaps that may have arisen between the policy intent and the position in law. If we reach the conclusion that the Court's findings are in fact – as advised by AGC – reasonable and correct, then we will have to internalise that, and make sure the key points are made clear to our officers, so that they understand the situation better.”
“And about 10 Police officers have been charged in court each year, for the past three years, for criminal offences. We will not hesitate to take action when there is an infraction – that is essential to maintain trust with the public and discipline within the Force. At the same time, while we have to be strict about upholding the highest standards for Police, we have to ensure that our analysis of officers' ground judgments is reasonable and fair. Police officers work in high-stress and dynamic environments. They often have to make split-second decisions and take decisive action, based on the limited information that they have. It would not be realistic to critique their every move with the benefit of hindsight, removed from the conditions on the ground. The officers must be given sufficient latitude to make swift ground assessments and decisions, as long as they have acted in good faith. An environment in which Police actions are unfairly critiqued, will inevitably undermine public trust in the Police. It will also lead to defensive policing – where the ground officers will try to do the least possible. They will fear that everything they do will be over-analysed and picked apart unfairly. It would be easier in such situations to not do anything. Defensive policing is, essentially, no policing – and that can have a detrimental effect on our safety and security. And an unfair characterisation of the Force will eventually also lead to the public thinking of the Police as the enemy and viewing the Police with suspicion. That has happened in other countries. We have so far avoided that situation and we have to be careful to avoid that outcome. On the specifics of this case, we do have some concerns about the judgment that has been delivered, in this respect.”
“The Singapore Police Force (SPF)'s Public Perception Survey in 2021 showed that public trust in the SPF is at 96%. In the same survey, 98% of respondents said that they would provide assistance and information to the Police, if there was a need. This would not be possible without the high levels of trust in, and competence of, the Singapore Police Force, built up over the years. If you compare it with countries where they want to abolish the Police, first world countries, you can see the contrast. The framework we have in place, to ensure that our officers behave in accordance with the law, has helped to maintain standards and trust. I will mention the following: First, the Police themselves are the first layer of check; there is a process to investigate any abuse of power. And we ourselves take action against errant officers. People know that we will do so. Patrol Officers wear body-worn Cameras. Officers' actions can be assessed and actions taken. Second, where necessary, we can convene – and we have convened – the Independent Review Panel (IRP). The IRP consists of former judges, former senior public officers and other individuals with significant standing in society. It provides an independent assessment on whether the internal investigations were fair and thorough. And third, if criminal offences are potentially disclosed, we recommend Court prosecution and let the Courts deal with the matter. The Courts thus provide a third layer of safeguards. The supervision of the Courts is an integral part of ensuring that our system functions properly. To give Members a sense, over the past three years, an average of 78 Police officers have been subject to disciplinary proceedings annually.”
“In the Mah Kiat Seng case, the High Court made a number of observations about the conduct of a specific Police officer. The officer had detained a person under section 7 of the Mental Health (Care & Treatment) Act (MHCTA). The subject was believed to be dangerous by reason of mental disorder. He was reported to have suddenly touched the head of a stranger's four-year-old child, without having any reason to do so. He was also observed to have behaved erratically. In fact, it was the child's mother who gave the report. We are studying the judgment in this case. Our concern is that the Court's findings may adversely impact the Police's ability to detain persons under the provisions of the MHCTA, as they stand. The Attorney-General's Chambers (AGC) will be advising on whether we should file an application for permission to appeal, in respect of the judgment. Since an appeal may be filed, we usually refrain from commenting in detail on Court decisions – unless it is in the public interest that we do so. The Administration of Justice (Protection) Act provides for statements on pending Court proceedings to be made, in such situations. In our view, this is one such case. But nevertheless, I will be careful in what I say, and will be quite constrained and circumscribed. Before I comment on the case itself, let me give Members some perspective. Today, we are one of the safest countries in the world. Our level of safety and security is underpinned by the high levels of trust between the Government and the public, and a system of policing that is highly trusted and effective. In the 2022 Gallup Law and Order Survey, 95% of Singapore residents said they felt safe walking alone on the streets at night.”
“Mr Speaker, may I have your permission to answer Question Nos 5 and 6 in today's Order Paper? My response will also cover the matters raised in the question by Mr Leong Mun Wai, which is for written reply.”
“The Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) and MCCY will continue to work together with our stakeholders to increase the crisis preparedness of religious organisations.”
“The Police engage community stakeholders, including religious organisations, on crime prevention and security awareness as part of their community engagement efforts. Religious organisations are members of local Safety and Security Watch Groups (SSWGs). The Police conduct crime risk assessments on premises together with building managers and give advice on crime prevention measures. This may include the adoption of useful technologies to enhance their security measures, such as the installation of CCTV cameras. The Police also organise training, seminars and workshops for SSWG members. At these sessions, industry speakers and relevant agencies share best practices on topics such as building safety and security, psychological resilience, emergency preparedness and business continuity planning. The Ministry of Culture, Community and Youth (MCCY) helps religious organisations build their crisis response capacity as part of the SGSecure movement. Efforts include the dissemination of a security advisory booklet specially tailored for religious and community organisations. The security advisory booklet covers a broad range of issues from identifying security threats, planning for crisis management, to responding to various security scenarios. The scenarios include threats from chemical or hazardous substances. MCCY encourages religious organisations to assess their crisis readiness and identify operational gaps by completing a self-assessment checklist. The Police also conduct ground deployment exercises with stakeholders, such as religious organisations, to validate their contingency response plans and ensure their readiness in the event of emergencies.”
“The Singapore Civil Defence Force (SCDF) conducts biannual dialogues with Town Councils to share fire safety-related matters such as common fire infringements observed and case studies on fire incidents at residential premises. Whenever a fire occurs at residential premises, SCDF also disseminates fire safety advisories to all Town Councils so that necessary measures can be taken to minimise any recurrence. At the latest SCDF-Town Councils dialogue held on 12 January 2023, SCDF shared the fire safety non-compliances detected during the fire at Henderson Road. In fact, areas that need to be kept free of obstructions are already clearly marked out on the ground and this should have been complied with. The Town Council involved has taken action against the funeral company, as the breach was avoidable. SCDF will continue to work with Town Councils to ensure fire safety compliance among users of common property under their charge, such as contractors and funeral companies.”
“Police do not track the cumulative dollar value of assets recovered and the amount returned to the victims.”
“The Police do not keep track of the number of digital or physical files that were reviewed for the purpose of investigation. To assist officers in investigation, the Police employ a suite of technological solutions. One example is the Digital Forensic Kiosk, which was implemented in 2020. This has enabled investigation officers to retrieve and analyse information from digital devices more easily.”
“Between January 2018 and November 2022, there were 11,868 reports of sexual assault, which includes rape, sexual assault by penetration, outrage of modesty and sexual offences involving children and vulnerable victims. The yearly breakdown of the figures is as follows: The Police work with social service agencies to provide victims with counselling support and interventions during and after investigations. Throughout the course of investigations, if the victim consents, Police can activate volunteers under the Victim Care Cadre Programme (VCCP) to provide emotional support. The Police also refer sexual assault victims to Care Corner Project StART, a family violence specialist centre which provides support to victims of violence, to augment the support provided under VCCP. A Sexual Crime and Family Violence Command will be set up by 2023 to provide more support to victims of sexual crime and family violence. The existing One-Stop Abuse Forensic Examination Centre will also have an added dedicated victim care area to enhance privacy and convenience for sexual crime victims during investigation processes.”
“The Police engage community stakeholders, including religious organisations, on crime prevention and security awareness as part of their community engagement efforts. Religious organisations are members of local Safety and Security Watch Groups (SSWGs). The Police conduct crime risk assessments on premises together with building managers and give advice on crime prevention measures. This may include the adoption of useful technologies to enhance their security measures and help Police in investigations, such as the installation of CCTV cameras. The Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) and the Ministry of Culture, Community and Youth (MCCY) will continue to work together with our stakeholders on crime prevention and security awareness.”
“The number of traffic accidents on expressways that involved injuries or deaths was 1,752 in 2018. This figure rose to 1,889 in 2019 and fell to 1,039 in 2020 and 1,155 in 2021, in line with the overall decrease in traffic during the pandemic. As economic and social activities resumed, the figure increased to 1,687 in 2022. The Traffic Police do not track traffic accidents that do not involve injuries or deaths. The vast majority of traffic accidents occurring on expressways are attributed to driving and riding behaviour, for example, failing to keep a proper lookout and failing to have proper control of the vehicle. The Traffic Police thus focuses on educating and engaging all motorists to follow traffic rules and adopt good driving or riding practices. In the event of a traffic accident along an expressway, the Traffic Police will work with the Land Transport Authority (LTA) to divert and manage traffic flow. Affected road users should follow the instructions of the officers and use alternative roads where possible.”
“"ACT" refers to taking action to safeguard oneself against scams and reflects a shift in our emphasis from building awareness on scams, to individuals and the community taking action against scams. It is also an acronym for the three key steps of "Add, Check and Tell" to promote key steps that everyone can take to safeguard themselves from scams. First, "Add". Everyone should make a proactive and conscious effort to ADD the security features, such as ScamShield to protect themselves against scams. Second, "Check". Always be vigilant, take time to spot scam signs and ensure transactions are done via authentic platforms and with legitimate parties. Third, "Tell". Members of the public should tell authorities about scam encounters. The faster scams are reported to the authorities, the faster the authorities can take action to prevent more people from falling prey to scams. The public should also tell their family members and friends about scams to raise our collective defence against scams.”
“Depending on the facts of the case, scammers may be charged for one of the cheating offences under sections 417 to 420 of the Penal Code, which upon conviction, carry maximum imprisonment terms of between three and 10 years for each charge. The Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) regularly reviews the adequacy of penalties for all offences, including those related to scams. Our assessment is that the penalties for scams-related offences are adequate. For example, in August 2022, a scammer was sentenced to five years’ imprisonment for a series of e-commerce scams on Carousell involving 396 victims and losses of more than $108,000. The problem is not that penalties are too low. The main challenge in prosecuting scammers is that most of them are based overseas. They are also adept at using technology to cover their tracks. Therefore, in our fight against scams, a key priority is to put in place upstream measures to prevent Singaporeans from falling prey. For example, the Infocomm Media Development Authority (IMDA) has worked with telcos to block overseas numbers spoofing domestic fixed-lines and mobile numbers. More recently, in January 2023, IMDA mandated all organisations that send SMSes using alphanumeric Sender IDs to register with the Singapore Sender ID Registry (SSIR). SSIR will block all SMSes attempting to spoof Sender IDs that have been registered. Ultimately, the best defence against scams is a discerning public. We have stepped up our scams public education efforts. In January this year, the National Crime Prevention Council and the Singapore Police Force (SPF) launched a new national anti-scam campaign, called "I can ACT against scams".”
“MHA has also been reaching out to the neighbourhoods, schools and workplaces, to raise public awareness of the threat of terrorism and online radicalisation, and the importance of early reporting. We have done this through the SGSecure movement, as well as through community organisations such as the Religious Rehabilitation Group (RRG) and the Inter-Agency Aftercare Group (ACG). For example, RRG and ACG conduct regular community outreach through visits to RRG Resource and Counselling Centre, assembly talks, and youth forums to sensitise members of the public to the terrorism threat and strengthen the community’s resilience against extremist ideas. On top of working closely with community partners and religious organisations, the Government has in place levers to block access by Singapore users to websites that propagate radicalisation and extremism. In addition, in November 2022, the Online Safety (Miscellaneous Amendments) Bill was passed in Parliament to further strengthen measures to tackle harmful online content on social media, including content advocating terrorism and violence or likely to cause racial and religious disharmony. MHA is also working to strengthen Singapore’s legal levers to deal with criminal harms online, including materials disseminated by terrorists. Radicalisation is a threat to our social fabric, and while it is less apparent than any immediate loss of life, it can greatly damage our nation as a whole. We will continue to work closely with the religious organisations, other Government agencies and the community to find ways to educate the public on radicalisation.”
“The Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) works with other Government agencies, the community and partners, including religious organisations, to counter radical views and self-radicalisation. To prevent the importation of radical views, the Government has disallowed foreign religious preachers from entering Singapore if their teachings are segregationist or intolerant of other religious faiths and practices, which are inimical to our multiracial, multi-religious society. We provide platforms and training for religious organisations to address the issue of self-radicalisation. Since 2017, the Ministry of Culture, Community and Youth (MCCY) has organised several Counter-Terrorism Seminars to update more than 500 religious organisations on the threats of extremism and online radicalisation. Under MCCY’s Crisis Preparedness for Religious Organisations programme, religious organisations are also trained to build up their capacity to respond to the threat of terrorism and other crises. The training for religious organisations includes workshops on identifying signs of radicalisation and developing capabilities to enhance their online outreach. MHA and MCCY also work with religious organisations to explore new areas of cooperation to build common space and reject segregationist teachings and practices. For example, in June 2019, our religious leaders collectively affirmed the Commitment to Safeguard Religious Harmony in Singapore. This Commitment articulates the shared values to safeguard religious harmony and highlights the practical ways Singaporeans of different faiths can build common space.”
“Police Investigation Officers (IOs) do look out for signs of mental disability. The Police have also worked with the Agency for Integrated Care (AIC) to increase officers’ awareness of mental health conditions and develop their ability to interact with persons with such conditions. Under the Appropriate Adult Scheme for persons with mental disabilities, IOs can activate Appropriate Adults (AA) to provide emotional support to such persons during law enforcement interviews and facilitate communication with the IOs. Individuals aged 21 and above, who are patient, level-headed and capable of sound reasoning, can sign up to be an AA. Individuals who sign up to be an AA have to undergo a one-day training conducted by the Movement for the Intellectually Disabled of Singapore (MINDS), before they can be onboarded as an AA. They will be trained to recognise signs of distress and to communicate with persons with mental disabilities during law enforcement interviews. The training also allows the trainers to observe the individuals’ suitability. Any concerns will be looked into prior to onboarding. Even after confirmation as an AA, IOs will provide feedback to the service provider on the competency and performance of the AA as necessary. Under the Home Team Community Assistance and Referral Scheme, the Police will refer alleged offenders with mental disabilities to social workers, for assessment and onward referral to relevant agencies, such as the Ministry of Social and Family Development (MSF) and social service agencies, where required. If the alleged offenders are studying in schools under the Ministry of Education (MOE), the Police will also notify both their parents (or guardians) and the schools, so that they may be better supported during the investigations.”
“The sale of state land to the private sector for development is primarily conducted through the Government Land Sales Programme (GLS). HDB, JTC Corporation and URA are appointed as the Government's land sales agents. From FY2017 to FY2021, sales proceeds of state land from GLS averaged $5.5 billion annually. This includes GLS sites for commercial, industrial1, private residential, mixed-use (such as mixed commercial and residential developments) and other uses. The historical data on tender prices for GLS sites and their specific uses can be found on the HDB, URA and JTC websites. Sale of state land to HDB for public residential development does not fall under GLS. For information on proceeds to SLA paid by HDB for the purchase of state land, the Member may refer to HDB's annual financial statements reports, which are published on HDB's website. As explained before in this House2, state land is part of past reserves. When land is sold, no wealth is created. The physical land, which is part of the reserves, is converted into money which goes into the reserves. The proceeds from the sale of state land thus go to the past reserves. The Government cannot use these monies.”
“The Suspicious Transaction Reporting Office (STRO) of the Commercial Affairs Department received an average of 37,000 suspicious transaction reports (STRs) annually between 2019 and 2021. The STRO does not track the number of STRs by prosecution outcomes. About 20% of the STRs disseminated to domestic law enforcement agencies between 2019 and 2021 led to commencement of investigations or supported investigations.”
“Between 2018 and 2021, and from January to November 2022, no children under 12 years old were killed in taxis and private hire cars. The number of children under 12 years old who were injured in taxis was 28 in 2018. This figure fell to 13 in 2019, eight in 2020, seven in 2021 and six from January to November 2022. The number of children under 12 years old who were injured in private hire cars was 21 in 2018. This figure rose to 25 in 2019, and fell to nine in 2020, four in 2021 and four from January to November 2022.”
“The data for the period of the last 10 years as requested by the Member is not readily available. Based on available data from January 2020 to July 2022, 70 male offenders above 50 years old at the time of sentencing were convicted in the State Courts of serious sexual and serious hurt offences which attracted the punishment of caning, such as rape, sexual assault, sexual penetration of minors, voluntarily causing grievous hurt, and culpable homicide. From January 2020 to 22 December 2022, there were 37 such offenders convicted in the High Court. For offenders who are not caned because they are above the statutory age limit for caning, the Court has the power to order an additional imprisonment term of up to 12 months in lieu of caning, to compensate for the lost deterrent and retributive effect of caning. On whether MHA will consider other factors, rather than age, to determine if someone is fit for caning, I had addressed this earlier in the question raised by Mr Zhulkarnain.”
“Under section 325 of the Criminal Procedure Code, we cannot carry out the punishment of caning on men who are above 50 years old at the time of caning. The question of whether to make changes to the statutory age limit for caning has been addressed previously. This was during the Second Reading of the Criminal Law (Miscellaneous Amendments) Bill in September 2021, in response to a similar suggestion to remove the age limit for the caning of serious sexual offenders. The reasons given were: First, the number of men above the age of 50 at the point of arrest for serious offences that attract the punishment of caning, was significantly lower than that of men aged 50 and younger; second, where an offender was not eligible for caning, the Court had the discretion to impose in lieu, an additional imprisonment term of up to 12 months. The data does not show that there is a high number of people who commit offences eligible for caning just prior to turning 50 years of age.”
“Caning in Singapore serves two functions – deterrence, and proportionate punishment for the crime. Both are equally important. For the serious crimes cited by the Member – rape and sexual offences against young children – they have been punishable by caning ever since they were introduced as offences in the law. The public understands that caning is part of a set of penalties, and generally applicable to very serious crimes. At the same time, MHA is mindful that laws have to keep pace with societal mores and values. Its relevance and necessity is something that MHA regularly reviews.”
“The Sentencing Advisory Panel (Panel), chaired by Justice of the Court of Appeal Steven Chong, makes its own decisions on the areas to study and issue guidelines. In considering which areas to study, it takes into account feedback from Panel members, stakeholder agencies, as well as the public. In any case, the question of whether to make changes to the statutory age limit for caning has been addressed previously. This was during the Second Reading of the Criminal Law (Miscellaneous Amendments) Bill in September 2021, in response to a similar suggestion to remove the age limit for the caning of serious sexual offenders. The reasons given were: first, the number of men above the age of 50 at the point of arrest for serious offences that attract the punishment of caning, was significantly lower than that of men aged 50 and younger; second, where an offender was not eligible for caning, the Court had the discretion to impose in lieu, an additional imprisonment term of up to 12 months.”
“The data for the periods of time which the Member has requested is not readily available. Based on available data from January 2020 to July 2022, there were 12 male offenders above 50 years old at the time of sentencing who were convicted in the State Courts of serious sexual offences which attracted the punishment of caning, such as rape, sexual assault and sexual penetration of minors. In comparison, there were 86 male offenders aged 50 or younger at the time of sentencing who were convicted of such offences in the State Courts during the same period. From January 2020 to December 2022, there were 29 male offenders above 50 years old at the time of sentencing who were convicted in the High Court of serious sexual offences which attracted caning, such as rape, sexual assault and sexual penetration of minors. In comparison, there were 100 male offenders aged 50 or younger at the time of sentencing who were convicted of such offences in the High Court during the same period. On whether there is a trend of more individuals in their late 40s and above the age of 50 committing serious sexual offences against young persons, based on available Police arrest data from January 2020 to November 2022 of the number of persons above the age of 45 at the time of offence, there appears to be no increasing trend: 18 persons in 2020, 15 persons in 2021 and 17 persons in 2022.”
“The numbers for the entire length of the time period requested by the Member are not readily available. Based on available data from January 2020 to November 2022, 2,234 men were arrested for serious sexual and serious hurt offences that attract the punishment of caning. These offences include rape, sexual assault, sexual penetration of minors, voluntarily causing grievous hurt and culpable homicide. Of this number, 1,906 were at or under the age of 50 when they committed the offence. Of this number, 21 were above 50 years old when they were arrested. Out of these 21 male offenders, 17 were involved in sexual offences. We do not have readily available data of male offenders who were below 50 years old at the time of the offence, but crossed 50 years of age by the time of sentencing.”
“The Police do not track the offences committed by platform delivery riders. In general, the party responsible for committing the offence would be liable for the offence. The law of vicarious liability will not extend to making the employer liable for offences, such as beating a red light or speeding – unless the employer told or encouraged the offender to do so.”
“We are aware of the use of queue-jumping bots to secure driving simulator slots. This is not allowed by the driving schools. Learners who use such bots may have their account suspended or terminated. The Traffic Police has been working with the driving schools to prevent the use of such bots. For example, incorporating anti-bot solutions into the booking platforms and limiting multiple logins in a day from a single Internet Protocol address.”
“Third, ICA is transforming its clearance processes under its New Clearance Concept, where automated clearance will be the norm. To support this, ICA has introduced the Automated Clearance Initiative to allow visitors from eligible countries, including Malaysia, to be automatically eligible to use an automated lane for subsequent departure and visits to Singapore, after they have obtained clearance at the manual counters. Fourth, ICA will continue working closely with its partners to ensure smoother traffic flow during peak periods. This includes working with the Land Transport Authority and cross-border bus service providers, such as SBS Transit and Causeway Link, to schedule more buses to cope with the increased traveller volume. ICA also works closely with Traffic Police to ensure orderly traffic flow towards the land checkpoints. There have been incidents of inconsiderate drivers, such as those attempting to cut queues or driving in the wrong lanes, that add to the congestion. In the longer term, the upcoming Johor Bahru-Singapore Rapid Transit System Link and redevelopment of Woodlands Checkpoint will further increase the throughput at our land checkpoints. Meanwhile, we urge travellers to also play their part. Heed the advisories which ICA issues periodically, informing when the peak days and peak hours are likely to be. Avoid travelling during these times, if possible, or if not possible, please do be patient. There are infrastructure and manpower constraints, that limit the extent to which we can open up more counters. We also need to make sure that our ICA officers have sufficient rest and a reasonable working schedule that allows them to balance their work and their family and personal life.”
“There are 302 and 276 counters for immigration clearance of travellers at Woodlands and Tuas Checkpoints respectively. Traffic at the land checkpoints during the December peak period this year has returned to pre-COVID-19 levels. Close to 400,000 travellers passed through both checkpoints daily. On average, about 92% of the vehicle clearance counters were manned during this period. The Immigration and Checkpoints Authority (ICA) has put in place various measures over the years to manage the congestion situation. First, ICA adopts a dynamic approach in managing traffic at the land checkpoints. Officers are deployed dynamically to areas which require more support to manage traveller volume, while ensuring that other objectives, such as managing security and checking for contraband and security-sensitive items, are not compromised. In addition, clearance lanes are converted flexibly for different modes of conveyance based on the traffic situation. For example, during car departure peaks, more manpower resources are deployed to the car departure zones and lorry departure lanes are converted for car departure clearance. That said, there are limits to the effectiveness of such dynamic deployment. For example, heavy departing car traffic from Woodlands Checkpoint to Malaysia during this year-end period has led to frequent tailbacks at the Causeway, all the way from the Malaysian customs, immigration and quarantine (CIQ) complex to our departure car counters. Second, ICA has leveraged technology to enhance clearance throughput. It has implemented 100% automated clearance for all motorcyclists at the land checkpoints since January 2017. Following successful live trials, ICA is now working to introduce automated in-car clearance for car travellers.”
“Touting is an offence under section 32 of the Miscellaneous Offences (Public Order and Nuisance) Act. Those convicted may be liable to a fine between $1,000 and $5,000, or to imprisonment for up to six months, or both. Between 2018 and 2022, the number of road touting Police reports has remained low, at two or fewer cases each year. That said, the figures may not represent the extent of road touting, as motorists may refer the matter to their insurers or settle it privately. Motorists who are approached by road touts are advised to remain calm and disengage with the individuals involved. For those who suspect that they may have fallen victim to road touts, they should make a Police report and seek advice from their insurers or legal counsel if they wish to pursue civil remedies.”
“The Family Justice Courts (FJC) have been working on a probate e-service that will make the probate process easier and simpler for applicants with straightforward probate applications. As announced in March 2022, key features of the probate e-service will include the automatic population of data through integration with MyInfo and the use of guided questions. Applicants using the e-service will no longer need to file death certificates if the relevant information can be obtained by the e-service directly from a Government agency. FJC is also studying how the application process can be further streamlined, including by reducing the number of steps that an applicant needs to take before the relevant application is granted. FJC will also explore whether digital signing capabilities can be added in future enhancements. FJC is engaging stakeholders, including members of the family Bar, on the probate e-service and will consider their feedback in the final design of the system. FJC, currently, intends to launch the system in the first half of 2023, although this is subject to developmental progress. The system will, initially, be used for straightforward probate cases, with capacity progressively ramped up over time.”
“Such matters relate to orders made within the context of Court proceedings and are not specifically tracked. The Courts decide on such matters, based on established principles.”
“The Courts decide on whether costs should be paid by Counsel. This is so in both civil and criminal cases. This is a power that the Courts have always had. Costs will, generally, be ordered against a defence counsel in criminal cases where (a) the defence counsel acted improperly, unreasonably or negligently; (b) the conduct led to the incurring of unnecessary costs; and (c) it is just, in all the circumstances, to make the order. There were at least 16 cases between 2018 and 2022 in which the Courts ordered defence counsel to personally pay costs, including civil cases initiated by accused persons which were related to their criminal cases. The maximum and median quantum of the personal costs orders imposed in these cases were $20,000 and $3,750, respectively. Cases where personal costs orders were sought by the Public Prosecutor against a defence counsel are not specifically tracked. These are steps which take place within the context of Court proceedings.”
“Since 2018, 120 inmates have taken up the Diploma in Business Practice (International Supply Chain Management) course offered by Ngee Ann Polytechnic. Since 2020, 15 inmates have taken up the Bachelor of Science in Logistics and Supply Chain Management programme offered by the Singapore University of Social Sciences. About 400 inmates per year undergo education programmes, including those leading to the General Certificate of Education (GCE) "O" Level, GCE "A" Level, GCE Normal (Academic), GCE Normal (Technical), National Institute of Technical Education Certificates (Nitec), diplomas and degrees. The Singapore Prison Service (SPS) is continually expanding the number of education courses offered to benefit more inmates. New education courses introduced in 2021 and 2022 include the Nitec in Business Services, in partnership with ITE College Central. SPS takes into consideration the interests and aspirations of our inmates, the skillsets in demand in the various sectors and the feasibility of conducting such courses in prisons.”
“Motorists will now incur two additional demerit points for each specified traffic offence and an additional $100 for each composition fine.”
“Between 2018 and 2021, the number of persons aged 18 and below who died or were injured in traffic accidents decreased from 500 in 2018 to 280 in 2021. As economic and social activities resume as we emerge from the pandemic, the 2022 figure is estimated to be about 350, based on extrapolation of the data from January to October 2022. This is lower than in 2018. The Traffic Police (TP) has implemented various initiatives to promote road safety awareness among children. In July 2022, TP and MOE jointly developed an online interactive learning resource called Road Safety Challenge! TP also regularly provides specially curated road safety talks to school children. The talks cover a variety of topics, such as how to cross the roads safely and how to ride safely as a cyclist or as a passenger in a bus or car. In addition, TP organises road safety training for children through the annual Singapore Traffic Games, formerly known as the Shell Traffic Games. The most recent Games took place at the Road Safety Community Park on 9 November 2022, where school children practised road safety rules and etiquette through role playing three types of road users – go-kart drivers, cyclists and pedestrians. TP installed road safety banners at all Primary schools to educate students on good road safety habits, as part of the Singapore Road Safety Month 2022. TP also collaborated with the Singapore Road Safety Council to produce videos to remind motorists on safe driving behaviour in school zones. Regulation and enforcement also play key roles in promoting road safety for our children. In July 2021, composition fines and demerit points for specified traffic offences committed in School Zones were increased.”
“Claims filed under the Protection from Harassment Act can be made through simplified or standard proceedings. For claims filed through simplified proceedings, which form a significant majority of cases filed in the Protection from Harassment Court (PHC), the PHC has, at any time after a claim is filed, powers to make such orders and directions as it thinks fit for the just, expeditious and economic disposal of a case. The PHC therefore may, notwithstanding that the proceedings are already simplified, deal with a case which is frivolous, vexatious or otherwise an abuse of process in an appropriate way. For claims filed through standard proceedings, which form a small minority of cases filed in the PHC, the normal procedures provided for in the Rules of Court, such as striking out, are available. Further, in making a decision to award costs and disbursements, the PHC may take into account whether the claim was dismissed for being frivolous, vexatious or otherwise an abuse of process. As with civil disputes in general, the PHC will usually require the Respondent's side of the story to determine whether the claim is indeed frivolous or vexatious. The General Division of the High Court (GDHC) is also empowered to, on application by the Attorney-General or any party to a claim, make restraint orders against a claimant who has repeatedly commenced actions that are totally without merit, to restrain such a claimant from commencing actions or applications. This provides another avenue for preventing frivolous or vexatious claims.”